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A2 noun #2,000 よく出る 9分で読める

근무

geunmu 上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 근무 30秒で

解説 근무 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '근무' (geunmu) is introduced as a formal word for 'work.' While beginners mostly use '일해요' (I work), '근무' starts to appear in basic contexts like '근무 시간' (work time). At this stage, you should understand that '근무' is used when talking about a job in an office or a store. For example, if someone asks 'When do you work?', you might see '근무 시간이 언제예요?' in a textbook. It's important to distinguish it from '공부' (study) or '놀이' (play). You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet, but recognizing it on a business card or a store sign is a great first step. Focus on the phrase '근무 중' which you might see on a door, meaning 'In/Working.'

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use '근무하다' (to work) to describe your daily routine or job. You can talk about where you work using the pattern '[Place]에서 근무해요.' You also begin to learn compound words like '주말 근무' (weekend work) or '야간 근무' (night shift). This level focuses on practical communication, so you might use '근무' to explain why you are busy: '내일은 근무가 있어서 못 가요' (I can't go because I have work tomorrow). You are moving beyond simple '일' and starting to use more professional-sounding vocabulary to describe your employment status and schedule. You should also be aware of '근무지' (workplace) when filling out simple forms.

At the B1 level, you can discuss '근무 환경' (working environment) and '근무 조건' (working conditions). You are now able to compare different jobs and express your preferences regarding work culture. You can use '근무' in more complex grammatical structures, such as '근무하면서' (while working) or '근무하기 때문에' (because I work). You also start to understand the nuance between '근무' and '작업' or '노동.' At this stage, you might read short articles about Korean work culture, such as the '52-hour work week,' and '근무' will be the primary term used. You should be comfortable using it in a job interview to describe your past experiences: '저는 3년 동안 이 회사에서 근무했습니다.'

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At the B2 level, '근무' is used in discussions about labor laws, corporate policy, and social issues. You can talk about '유연 근무제' (flexible working system) or '재택 근무' (working from home) with fluency. You understand the legal implications of '연장 근무' (overtime) and '수당' (allowance). You can write formal reports or emails using '근무' to maintain a professional tone. You are also aware of the cultural expectations surrounding '근무 태도' (work attitude) in Korea, such as the importance of staying until the boss leaves. You can engage in debates about work-life balance (워라밸) and how '근무 형태' (types of work) are changing in the digital age.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of '근무' in various specialized fields. In a legal context, you understand '근무 규칙' (employment rules) and '근무 계약' (employment contracts). In a military context, you know the different types of '복무' and '근무.' You can use the word idiomatically and understand its nuances in literature or high-level journalism. You can analyze how '근무' patterns affect national productivity and mental health. Your vocabulary includes advanced terms like '근무 평정' (performance appraisal) and '근무 기강' (work discipline). You can navigate complex professional situations in Korean, using '근무' and its derivatives with the precision of a native speaker in a corporate or governmental setting.

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At the C2 level, '근무' is a tool for sophisticated socio-economic and philosophical analysis. You can discuss the evolution of the concept of '근무' from the industrial era to the post-pandemic world. You can critique government policies on '근무 시간 단축' (reduction of working hours) and its impact on the labor market. You understand the historical Hanja roots deeply and can appreciate wordplay or subtle shifts in meaning in academic papers. You can lead high-level negotiations regarding '근무 조건' and draft complex legal documents. For you, '근무' is not just a word for work, but a concept that encapsulates the relationship between the individual, the state, and the economy in Korean society.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

근무 30秒で

근무 is the formal term for professional work or being on duty within an organization.
It differs from '일' by being specific to employment and formal responsibilities.
Commonly used in phrases like '근무 시간' (working hours) and '재택 근무' (remote work).
Essential for professional communication, resumes, and navigating Korean workplace culture.

The Korean word 근무 (勤務) is a foundational noun in the Korean language, specifically within the professional and organizational spheres. At its core, it refers to the act of performing one's assigned duties or being on duty at a place of employment. While English often uses the broad term 'work,' 근무 is more specific than the general Korean word '일' (il). While '일' can refer to any task, from washing dishes at home to solving a math problem, 근무 strictly denotes professional service within a formal structure like a company, government office, or the military.

Etymology and Hanja: The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 勤 (geun), meaning 'diligent' or 'to work hard,' and 務 (mu), meaning 'task,' 'duty,' or 'affair.' Together, they literally translate to 'diligent performance of duties.'

저는 오늘 오전 근무가 없습니다. (I don't have a work shift this morning.)

Understanding 근무 requires looking at the Korean work culture. It is not just about the task itself but the time and presence committed to the organization. This is why terms like '근무 시간' (working hours) and '근무지' (workplace) are so prevalent. It implies a sense of responsibility and adherence to a schedule. In a hospital, a nurse's '근무' refers to their specific shift. In the military, a soldier's '근무' might refer to guard duty or a specific post.

그는 성실한 근무 태도로 칭찬을 받았다. (He was praised for his sincere work attitude.)

Formal Contexts: You will see this word on employment contracts, official HR documents, and news reports regarding labor laws. It carries a level of formality that makes it suitable for professional resumes and performance reviews.

현재 근무 중인 직원은 총 50명입니다. (There are a total of 50 employees currently on duty.)

In summary, 근무 is the professional standard for 'work.' It encompasses the time, the place, and the attitude required in a job. Whether you are discussing a shift at a convenience store or a high-level corporate position, 근무 is the term that defines your active engagement in your professional role.

주말 근무 수당을 확인해 보세요. (Please check the weekend work allowance.)

Usage in Daily Life: Even in casual conversation, if you want to sound more precise about your job schedule, you might say '근무 중이야' (I'm working/on duty) instead of '일하고 있어' to emphasize that you are in the middle of your official shift.

유연 근무 제도를 도입했습니다. (We have introduced a flexible working system.)

Using 근무 correctly involves understanding its grammatical versatility as both a noun and a component of a verb. The most common way to use it as a verb is by adding 하다 (hada), resulting in 근무하다 (to work/to be on duty). This verb is used to describe the act of working at a specific place or during a specific time.

Common Verb Forms: 근무해요 (Polite), 근무합니다 (Formal), 근무하고 있어요 (Progressive). You use these to answer 'What are you doing?' or 'Where do you work?' in a professional context.

저는 삼성전자에서 근무하고 있습니다. (I am working at Samsung Electronics.)

When using 근무 as a noun, it often pairs with other nouns to create compound terms that describe specific aspects of work life. For example, '야간 근무' (yagan geunmu) means night shift, and '재택 근무' (jaetaek geunmu) means working from home. These compounds are essential for navigating the modern Korean workplace.

요즘은 재택 근무를 하는 회사가 많아졌어요. (These days, many companies are working from home.)

Particles and Prepositions: Use '에서' (eseo) to indicate the location of work (e.g., 사무실에서 근무하다) and '부터/까지' (buteo/kkaji) for the time range (e.g., 9시부터 6시까지 근무하다).

어디에서 근무하세요? (Where do you work? - Formal)

Another important usage is the phrase '근무 중' (geunmu-jung), which means 'currently on duty' or 'in the middle of work.' This is often seen on signs in offices or heard when someone answers a personal call during work hours to explain why they can't talk long.

지금 근무 중이라 나중에 전화할게요. (I'm working right now, so I'll call you later.)

Honorifics: When talking about a superior's work, you can use '근무하시다' (geunmu-hasida). For example, '사장님은 지금 근무하고 계십니다' (The CEO is currently working).

그분은 20년 동안 교직에 근무하셨습니다. (That person served in the teaching profession for 20 years.)

The word 근무 is ubiquitous in South Korean society, echoing through various environments from the high-tech offices of Gangnam to the quiet corridors of government buildings. If you are living or working in Korea, you will encounter this word daily, often in contexts that define your social and professional standing.

In the Corporate Office: HR managers use it to discuss '근무 조건' (working conditions) or '근무 평정' (performance evaluation). Employees discuss their '근무 시간' (working hours) and whether they have to do '연장 근무' (overtime work).

내일부터 근무 시간이 변경됩니다. (Working hours will change starting tomorrow.)

In the public sector, 근무 is the standard term for civil servants (공무원). You will hear about '비상 근무' (emergency duty) during natural disasters or national events. Police officers and firefighters are always '근무 중' (on duty), a term that carries a heavy weight of public service and responsibility.

경찰관들이 연말 특별 근무에 들어갔습니다. (Police officers have entered special year-end duty.)

In News and Media: News anchors frequently report on '근무 환경 개선' (improving the work environment) or '주 52시간 근무제' (the 52-hour work week system). It is a central term in political and social discourse regarding labor rights.

정부는 근무 환경을 개선하겠다고 발표했습니다. (The government announced that it would improve the working environment.)

In the military, which is a significant part of life for South Korean men, 근무 refers to various duties like '불침번 근무' (night watch) or '위병소 근무' (guardhouse duty). For many, this is where they first experience the strict, disciplined side of the word.

오늘 밤에 초소 근무가 있어요. (I have guard post duty tonight.)

At Hospitals and 24/7 Services: Because these places never close, you will hear '교대 근무' (shift work) and '당직 근무' (on-call duty) constantly. Nurses and doctors use these terms to manage their complex rotations.

간호사들은 3교대로 근무합니다. (Nurses work in three shifts.)

While 근무 is a common word, learners often trip up on its specific nuances and how it differs from other 'work-related' terms. The most frequent mistake is using 근무 when 일 (il) or 직업 (jigeop) would be more appropriate.

Mistake 1: 근무 vs. 일: Learners often say '집에서 근무해요' for 'I'm doing chores at home.' This is incorrect. 근무 is for professional duties. For chores or general tasks, use '일'.

❌ 집안일을 근무해요. (Incorrect)
✅ 집안일을 해요. (Correct - I do housework.)

Another common error is confusing 근무 with 출근 (chulgeun - going to work) or 퇴근 (toegun - leaving work). 근무 is the state of being at work, while the others are the actions of arriving and departing. You don't '근무' to the office; you '출근' to the office to start your '근무'.

❌ 9시에 사무실로 근무해요. (Incorrect)
✅ 9시에 사무실로 출근해요. (Correct - I go to work at 9.)

Mistake 2: Overusing '근무' in Casual Settings: Using 근무 with friends can sound overly stiff. If a friend asks what you're doing, '일하고 있어' is natural. '근무 중이야' sounds like you're a soldier or a high-level official reporting your status.

❌ (To a friend) 나 지금 근무 중이라 못 놀아. (A bit too formal)
✅ 나 지금 일하는 중이라 못 놀아. (More natural)

Lastly, be careful with the particle usage. People often forget that 근무 can take the object particle '를' when used with '하다', but it's more common to use it as '근무하다' or '근무 중이다'. Also, remember that '근무처' (place of work) is very formal; in daily life, '직장' (jikjang) is preferred.

❌ 근무를 어디예요? (Incorrect grammar)
✅ 근무지가 어디예요? (Correct - Where is your workplace?)

Mistake 3: Confusing with '노동' (Nodong): 노동 refers to physical labor or the concept of labor in an economic sense. 근무 is specifically about the duty within an organization. You wouldn't say an office worker is doing '육체 노동' (physical labor) during their '근무' unless they are actually moving boxes.

To truly master 근무, you must understand how it sits within a family of related terms. Korean has many words for 'work,' each with a specific flavor and context. Comparing 근무 with these synonyms will help you choose the right word every time.

근무 (Geunmu) vs. 일 (Il): 근무: Formal, organizational duty, 'on the clock.'
일: General, any task, activity, or job. '일' is the umbrella term.

오늘 할 일이 많아요. (I have a lot of work/tasks to do today.)
오늘 근무 시간이 길어요. (My work shift today is long.)

Another important comparison is with 작업 (Jageop). While 근무 is about the duty and time, 작업 refers to a specific technical or artistic operation. A designer does '디자인 작업' (design work) during their '근무' (shift).

근무 (Geunmu) vs. 노동 (Nodong): 근무: Focuses on the service and position within a company.
노동: Focuses on the physical or mental exertion, often in a socio-economic context (e.g., labor unions - 노동조합).

그는 공장에서 노동을 하며 생계를 유지했다. (He made a living by doing labor in a factory.)

근무 (Geunmu) vs. 직무 (Jingmu): 근무: The act of being at work and performing duties.
직무: The specific responsibilities or functions of a job position (job description).

그의 직무는 마케팅 기획입니다. (His job duty/function is marketing planning.)

Finally, consider 복무 (Bongmu). This is a very specific synonym used almost exclusively for military service or public service. You '복무' in the army, but you '근무' at a desk in the army headquarters.

Summary Table: 1. 근무: Professional duty/shift.
2. 일: General work/task.
3. 작업: Technical/artistic work.
4. 노동: Labor/exertion.
5. 직무: Job function/role.
6. 복무: Military/public service.

군 복무 기간이 단축되었습니다. (The military service period has been shortened.)

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

-중이다 (Being in the middle of)

-에서 (Location of action)

-(으)면서 (While doing)

-기 때문에 (Because of doing)

-기 시작하다 (To start doing)

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レベル別の例文

저는 오늘 근무가 있어요.

I have work today.

Noun + 가/이 있어요 (to have)

근무 시간이 몇 시예요?

What time is your work shift?

Noun + 이/가 예요? (Question)

여기는 제 근무지예요.

This is my workplace.

근무지 (Workplace) + 예요

그는 지금 근무 중입니다.

He is currently on duty.

Noun + 중 (In the middle of)

내일은 근무가 없어요.

I don't have work tomorrow.

Noun + 가/이 없어요 (to not have)

근무가 힘들어요?

Is work hard?

Adjective ending

오전 근무를 해요.

I do the morning shift.

Object particle 를

근무복이 예뻐요.

The work uniform is pretty.

근무복 (Work uniform)

저는 병원에서 근무해요.

I work at a hospital.

Place + 에서 (at)

어제는 야간 근무를 했어요.

I did a night shift yesterday.

Past tense -았/었어요

주말에도 근무하시나요?

Do you work on weekends too?

Honorific -시-

근무 환경이 아주 좋아요.

The working environment is very good.

근무 환경 (Work environment)

집에서 재택 근무를 해요.

I work from home.

재택 근무 (Working from home)

근무가 끝나고 만나요.

Let's meet after work ends.

-고 (and/after)

그는 성실하게 근무합니다.

He works sincerely.

Adverbial -게

근무 중에 전화하지 마세요.

Please don't call during work.

-지 마세요 (Prohibition)

근무 조건을 꼼꼼히 확인하세요.

Check the working conditions carefully.

근무 조건 (Working conditions)

이 회사는 유연 근무제를 실시해요.

This company implements a flexible work system.

유연 근무제 (Flexible work system)

근무하면서 공부도 하고 있어요.

I am studying while working.

-(으)면서 (while)

연장 근무 수당을 받을 수 있어요.

You can receive overtime pay.

연장 근무 (Overtime)

근무 태도가 좋아서 승진했어요.

I got promoted because my work attitude was good.

근무 태도 (Work attitude)

새로운 근무지에 적응 중이에요.

I'm adjusting to my new workplace.

-중이다 (be in the middle of)

근무 시간이 길어서 피곤해요.

I'm tired because the working hours are long.

-아서/어서 (reason)

그는 10년째 이곳에서 근무 중이다.

He has been working here for 10 years.

-째 (duration/sequence)

근무 환경 개선을 요구하고 있습니다.

They are demanding improvements to the work environment.

Noun + 요구하다 (to demand)

비상 근무 체제에 돌입했습니다.

We have entered an emergency duty system.

비상 근무 (Emergency duty)

근무 중 발생한 사고는 산재 처리가 됩니다.

Accidents occurring during work are covered by industrial insurance.

산재 처리 (Industrial accident processing)

효율적인 근무를 위해 휴식이 필요합니다.

Rest is necessary for efficient work.

-(으)를 위해 (for the sake of)

그는 근무 시간 외에도 연락이 옵니다.

He gets contacted even outside of work hours.

Noun + 외 (outside/besides)

근무 규정을 위반하면 징계를 받습니다.

If you violate work regulations, you will be disciplined.

근무 규정 (Work regulations)

재택 근무의 장단점을 토론해 봅시다.

Let's discuss the pros and cons of working from home.

장단점 (Pros and cons)

근무 만족도가 생산성에 미치는 영향.

The impact of work satisfaction on productivity.

Noun + 에 미치는 영향 (Impact on...)

근무 평정 결과에 따라 보너스가 지급됩니다.

Bonuses are paid according to the results of the performance appraisal.

근무 평정 (Performance appraisal)

장기 근무자에게는 안식월이 주어집니다.

Long-term employees are given a sabbatical month.

장기 근무자 (Long-term worker)

근무 기강을 확립하는 것이 시급합니다.

It is urgent to establish work discipline.

근무 기강 (Work discipline)

포괄 임금제는 실제 근무 시간을 반영하지 못한다.

The comprehensive wage system fails to reflect actual working hours.

포괄 임금제 (Comprehensive wage system)

근무 형태의 다변화가 가속화되고 있다.

The diversification of work patterns is accelerating.

다변화 (Diversification)

그는 공직에 근무하며 청렴함을 유지했다.

While serving in public office, he maintained integrity.

공직 (Public office)

근무 중 사적인 용무는 자제해 주십시오.

Please refrain from personal business during work.

사적인 용무 (Personal business)

탄력 근무제 도입으로 업무 효율이 증대되었다.

Work efficiency increased with the introduction of the flexible work system.

탄력 근무제 (Flexible/Elastic work system)

근무의 가치관이 세대별로 극명하게 갈린다.

Values regarding work differ starkly across generations.

가치관 (Values)

비정규직의 근무 안정성 확보가 시급한 과제다.

Securing work stability for non-regular workers is an urgent task.

근무 안정성 (Work stability)

근무 시간 단축이 고용 창출로 이어질 것인가?

Will the reduction of working hours lead to job creation?

고용 창출 (Job creation)

디지털 노마드는 근무지의 경계를 허물고 있다.

Digital nomads are breaking down the boundaries of the workplace.

경계를 허물다 (Break down boundaries)

근무 환경의 인간공학적 설계가 중요해지고 있다.

The ergonomic design of the work environment is becoming important.

인간공학적 (Ergonomic)

근무 중 발생하는 감정 노동에 대한 보호 대책.

Protective measures against emotional labor occurring during work.

감정 노동 (Emotional labor)

전통적인 근무 개념이 플랫폼 경제에서 해체되고 있다.

The traditional concept of work is being dismantled in the platform economy.

해체되다 (To be dismantled)

근무 의욕 고취를 위한 다양한 복지 정책.

Various welfare policies to inspire the will to work.

의욕 고취 (Inspiring motivation)

よく使う組み合わせ

근무 시간 (Working hours)

근무 환경 (Work environment)

근무 태도 (Work attitude)

근무 조건 (Work conditions)

근무 중 (On duty)

근무지 (Workplace)

근무복 (Work uniform)

연장 근무 (Overtime work)

교대 근무 (Shift work)

재택 근무 (Working from home)

よく使うフレーズ

근무에 들어가다 (To start duty)

근무를 서다 (To stand guard/be on duty)

근무를 마치다 (To finish work)

근무를 태만히 하다 (To neglect one's duty)

근무를 계속하다 (To continue working)

근무가 겹치다 (Shifts overlap)

근무를 교대하다 (To change shifts)

근무를 배정받다 (To be assigned a shift)

근무를 지원하다 (To apply for a post/work)

근무를 평가하다 (To evaluate work performance)

よく混同される語

근무 vs 일

General work vs. professional duty.

근무 vs 출근

The act of going to work vs. being at work.

근무 vs 직업

Profession/Title vs. the act of working.

慣用句と表現

"근무 기강이 해이해지다 (Work discipline becomes lax)"

"근무에 꽃을 피우다 (To excel in one's duty - metaphorical)"

"근무의 정석 (The standard/textbook way of working)"

"근무가 몸에 배다 (To be accustomed to the work)"

"근무를 밥 먹듯이 하다 (To work very frequently/habitually)"

"근무의 끈을 놓지 않다 (To stay focused on work)"

"근무 전선에 이상 없다 (All quiet on the work front)"

"근무의 쓴맛을 보다 (To experience the hardships of work)"

"근무에 뼈를 묻다 (To dedicate one's life to a job)"

"근무가 산더미 같다 (To have a mountain of work duty)"

間違えやすい

근무 vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

근무 implies a contractual or official obligation.

formality

Highly formal; use '일' for casual contexts.

よくある間違い

Using '근무' for household chores.
Saying '근무에 가요' instead of '출근해요'.
Using '근무' to mean 'profession' (use '직업' instead).
Forgetting to use '에서' for the workplace location.
Using '근무' for school-related tasks.

ヒント

Learn the Compounds

근무 is rarely used alone. Learn it with '시간', '환경', and '조건' to immediately sound more fluent in professional settings.

Respect the Shift

In Korea, being '근무 중' is a valid reason to decline social invitations. It carries a sense of serious responsibility that people respect.

Use with '중'

The phrase '근무 중' is incredibly useful. It's a quick way to tell someone you are busy with official duties and cannot be disturbed.

Resume Tip

When listing your work history, use the verb form '근무함' or '근무' to sound concise and professional.

News Context

If you hear '근무' on the news, it's often about labor laws or public safety. It helps you identify the topic as 'work-related' immediately.

Job Interviews

During an interview, use '근무하고 싶습니다' (I want to work/serve) instead of '일하고 싶습니다' to show you take the position seriously.

Formal Letters

In formal letters, refer to your '근무처' (place of work) rather than '회사' (company) if you want to sound very official.

Don't confuse with '복무'

Remember that '복무' is for the military. If you are a civilian, always use '근무'.

Remote Work

If you work from home, use '재택 근무' to clarify that you are still officially working, not just 'doing things at home'.

Asking Others

Asking '근무 환경은 어때요?' is a great, polite way to ask someone how they like their job without being too personal.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Geun' as 'Gaining' and 'Mu' as 'Money'. You 'Geun-mu' to gain money at your professional job.

語源

Sino-Korean

文化的な背景

Work attitude (근무 태도) is often judged by how much longer you stay than your boss.

Working from home (재택 근무) became mainstream in Korea during the pandemic and remains popular in tech.

Being a 'Gongmuwon' (civil servant) is highly prestigious because of the stable '근무 조건'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"근무 시간이 어떻게 되세요? (What are your working hours?)"

"근무지가 어디예요? (Where is your workplace?)"

"재택 근무 좋아하세요? (Do you like working from home?)"

"오늘 야간 근무예요? (Do you have a night shift today?)"

"근무 환경은 어때요? (How is the work environment?)"

日記のテーマ

오늘의 근무는 어땠나요? (How was your work today?)

내가 꿈꾸는 이상적인 근무 환경은? (What is my ideal work environment?)

재택 근무의 장점과 단점을 써보세요. (Write about the pros and cons of remote work.)

근무 태도가 왜 중요할까요? (Why is work attitude important?)

한국의 근무 문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요? (What do you think about Korean work culture?)

よくある質問

10 問

근무 is formal and refers to your official job duties and shifts. 일 is a general word for any task or work, including chores or hobbies. You would use 근무 in an office and 일 at home.

Yes, you can. Even for a part-time job (alba), your scheduled hours are your '근무 시간'. It sounds more professional than just saying '일 시간'.

It means 'working from home' or 'remote work'. '재' (staying) + '택' (house) + '근무' (work). It became very common in Korea recently.

No, it applies to any professional setting, including hospitals, factories, the military, and retail. Anyone with an official duty is '근무'ing.

You can say '지금 근무 중이에요' (I'm currently on duty/working). This is a very common and polite way to state your status.

It means 'night shift'. '야간' means night time. Many nurses, police officers, and factory workers do 야간 근무.

They are similar, but 근무하다 sounds more formal and specifically refers to your professional employment. 일하다 is more versatile.

It is your 'workplace' or 'location of work'. On a form, you would write the address of your office under 근무지.

No, studying is '공부'. 근무 is strictly for employment or official service duties.

It means 'work attitude' or 'professional conduct'. It's how you behave, your punctuality, and your diligence at your job.

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