B1 · 中級 チャプター 30

Advanced Case Usage

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10 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the tricky irregular plural forms and complex Genitive case structures to sound like a native speaker.

  • Identify irregular plural endings for nouns like 'человек' and 'ребёнок'.
  • Apply the Genitive case correctly in complex quantity expressions.
  • Analyze subtle shifts in declension patterns for archaic or irregular nouns.
Beyond the basics: Mastering Russian exceptions.

学べること

Refining the use of all six cases in complex contexts. Handling exceptions and irregular declensions.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly decline irregular nouns in the Genitive plural case during spontaneous conversation.

重要な例文 (2)

1

У меня нет пяти рублей на кофе.

I don't have five rubles for coffee.

ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格
2

Сколько у тебя подписчиков в Инстаграме?

How many followers do you have on Instagram?

ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格

ヒントとコツ (1)

🎯

The 'Impossible Consonant' Rule

If dropping a vowel in Genitive Plural leaves you with a cluster like 'кн' or 'шк', just add 'о' or 'е'. It's there to help you breathe!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格

重要な語彙 (5)

человек person (plural: люди/людей) ребёнок child (plural: дети/детей) друзья friends (plural genitive: друзей) мать mother (genitive: матери) год year (genitive plural: лет)

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Review Summary

  • Noun Stem + Irregular Ending

よくある間違い

The word 'человек' already functions as the plural unit after numbers. Adding 'людей' is redundant.

Wrong: Пять человек людей.
正解: Пять человек.

The noun 'год' uses the irregular form 'лет' in the Genitive plural.

Wrong: Много годов.
正解: Много лет.

You must use the suppletive plural 'дети' and decline it to 'детей'.

Wrong: Много ребёнок.
正解: Много детей.

Next Steps

You have mastered one of the most challenging aspects of Russian grammar. Keep going, your progress is truly impressive!

Write a diary entry using at least five irregular plural nouns.

Continue to: Passive Voice Constructions

クイック練習 (3)

Fill in the blank with the correct Genitive Plural form of the word in parentheses.

У меня нет (деньги) ________ на новый iPhone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: денег
The word 'деньги' has a zero ending in the Genitive Plural, with a fill vowel 'е' added for pronunciation: 'денег'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

Select the correct sentence regarding the word 'время':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет времени.
Nouns ending in -мя like 'время' grow an extra -ен- suffix and take the ending -и in the Genitive case.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格

Find and fix the mistake in the plural ending.

Find and fix the mistake:

В этом городе много красивых библиотеков.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: В этом городе много красивых библиотек.
Feminine nouns ending in -а (библиотека) use the 'zero ending' in Genitive Plural, not -ов.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の上級格変化：不規則複数形と生格

Score: /3

よくある質問 (2)

A zero ending occurs when a noun loses its final vowel in the Genitive Plural. For example, 'школа' becomes 'школ'. It's like the word is 'naked'.
Use -ей for masculine nouns ending in a soft sign (словарь -> словарей) or a sibilant like ж, ч, ш, щ (нож -> ножей).
次のチャプター
Passive Voice Constructions
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