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деградация

C1 noun 5分で読める

деградация

The process of declining to a lower level

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'деградация'. It is too complex. However, you might recognize it because it sounds like 'degradation' in English. Just remember it means something is becoming very bad or broken down in a serious way. You would use simpler words like 'плохо' (bad) or 'ломаться' (to break) instead.

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For A2 learners, 'деградация' is a 'passive' word. You might see it in a news headline about the environment. It is a feminine noun. If you see 'деградация почвы', it means the soil is getting worse and plants cannot grow. Don't worry about using it in conversation yet; stick to 'ухудшение' (worsening) for now.

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At B1, you should understand that 'деградация' is a formal word. It's used in geography or biology lessons. You might use it if you are talking about a serious problem in society or nature. Remember the verb 'деградировать' (to degrade). For example: 'Природа деградирует из-за мусора' (Nature is degrading because of trash). It shows you have a more academic vocabulary.

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At B2, you should start using 'деградация' in your writing, especially for essays on social or environmental topics. You should know the common collocation 'деградация личности' (personality decline) and understand that it is a very strong, often negative term. You can distinguish it from 'ухудшение' by the scale of the problem—'деградация' is for big, systemic issues.

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As a C1 learner, you should use 'деградация' with precision. You understand its nuances in different fields: biology (cell degradation), sociology (cultural decline), and technology (material fatigue). You can decline it correctly in all cases, especially the tricky '-ии' endings in Dative and Prepositional. You use it to add a professional or academic tone to your speech and writing.

At the C2 level, 'деградация' is a tool for nuanced social commentary and scientific precision. You can use it metaphorically or ironically. You understand the historical and philosophical implications of the word, often contrasting it with 'прогресс' or 'эволюция' in complex debates. You are comfortable using it in any register, from a scientific symposium to a high-level political debate.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

деградация 30秒で

Деградация means a process of decline or worsening in quality, status, or structure.
It is a formal, C1-level noun used in science, sociology, and environmental contexts.
Commonly paired with 'почвы' (soil), 'личности' (personality), or 'культуры' (culture).
It is the opposite of progress and implies a significant, often systemic loss of value.

The Russian word деградация is a multifaceted noun that describes a downward trajectory. Rooted in the Latin 'degradatio', it literally suggests a step downward. In modern Russian, it is not merely a synonym for 'getting worse'; it implies a structural or systemic decline that is often irreversible or significant in scope. Whether you are discussing the environment, social structures, or individual psychology, this word carries a heavy weight of clinical or academic seriousness. It is the antithesis of progress and evolution.

Environmental Context: In ecology, it refers to the loss of biological productivity or complexity. For example, деградация почв (soil degradation) is a major global issue where fertile land becomes barren due to misuse or climate change. This usage is strictly scientific and neutral in tone.
Societal Context: When applied to society, it suggests a breakdown of norms, culture, or education. Critics of modern media might speak of the деградация культуры (degradation of culture), implying that standards are falling and the intellectual level of the populace is diminishing.
Individual Context: Psychologically, деградация личности refers to the loss of a person's social and moral qualities, often due to addiction, mental illness, or extreme isolation. This is a very strong term and should be used with caution as it is highly judgmental.

Экологи предупреждают, что бесконтрольное использование химикатов ведет к полной деградации экосистемы региона.

Furthermore, the word is frequently used in technical fields. In physics or engineering, it refers to the gradual loss of properties in a material. For instance, the деградация сигнала (signal degradation) in telecommunications explains why a video call might become pixelated. This breadth of usage—from the moral failings of a tragic hero in a novel to the wearing down of a lithium-ion battery—makes it a crucial word for C1 level learners to master. It bridges the gap between everyday observation and academic precision.

Grammatically, деградация is a feminine noun ending in '-ия'. This means it follows the first declension pattern, specifically the 'i-stem' variation which affects the dative and prepositional cases. The most common grammatical construction is the Genitive link: деградация + [существительное в родительном падеже] (degradation of [something]).

Subject of the Sentence: Постепенная деградация почв стала главной темой конференции. (The gradual degradation of soils became the main theme of the conference.)
Object of a Verb: Мы должны остановить деградацию окружающей среды. (We must stop the degradation of the environment.)

Без постоянного самообразования начинается интеллектуальная деградация.

When describing the cause of degradation, we often use the preposition 'из-за' (because of) or 'вследствие' (as a consequence of). For example: 'Деградация земель вследствие засухи' (Land degradation as a consequence of drought). It is also frequently paired with adjectives that specify the domain: социальная, моральная, биологическая, экономическая. These adjectives help narrow down the abstract concept into a specific field of study or concern.

You will encounter деградация in several distinct environments, each giving the word a slightly different flavor. Understanding these contexts is key to using it naturally.

Academic and Scientific Discourse: In universities and research papers, this is a standard term. Whether it's a lecture on 'деградация вечной мерзлоты' (permafrost degradation) or a paper on 'деградация полимеров' (polymer degradation), the word is used to describe physical and chemical changes that reduce the utility or stability of a substance.
News and Political Talk Shows: Pundits often use the word to criticize current trends. You might hear: 'Мы наблюдаем деградацию международных отношений' (We are observing the degradation of international relations). Here, it serves as a rhetorical tool to emphasize how far things have fallen from a previous 'golden age' or standard of stability.

В документальном фильме обсуждалась деградация городской инфраструктуры в последние десятилетия.

Interestingly, the word has also found a place in internet slang and casual gaming culture, though often used hyperbolically. Gamers might complain about the 'деградация геймплея' (degradation of gameplay) in a sequel to a favorite game. In social media debates, it’s sometimes used to insult an opponent's intelligence or the quality of a discussion, though this remains quite formal even in its rudeness. If someone says 'это полная деградация', they are expressing extreme disappointment in the quality of something.

Even advanced learners can stumble when using деградация. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid:

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'ухудшение': While 'ухудшение' simply means something got worse, 'деградация' implies a loss of status or complexity. You can say 'ухудшение погоды' (worsening weather), but 'деградация погоды' would sound very strange unless you are a climate scientist discussing long-term atmospheric breakdown.
Mistake 2: Incorrect Case Endings: Because it ends in '-ия', the Dative and Prepositional cases end in '-ии' (деградации), not '-ие'. Learners often forget this specific declension rule for nouns ending in '-ия'.

Неправильно: способствовать деградацие. Правильно: способствовать деградации.

Another mistake is using the word too lightly. Calling a slightly messy room a 'деградация' is an overstatement that might make you sound like you're trying too hard to use big words. Save it for significant declines—like the fall of an empire, the erosion of a mountain, or the tragic loss of a person's cognitive abilities. Lastly, remember that it is a noun; the corresponding verb is деградировать, which is also very common in high-level Russian.

To truly master C1 Russian, you must know when to use деградация and when to choose a more precise alternative. Here is a comparison of similar terms:

Упадок (Decline/Decay): 'Упадок' is often used for culture, art, or economics. It has a more romantic or historical feel. You talk about the 'упадок Римской империи' (decline of the Roman Empire). 'Деградация' is more clinical and biological.
Регресс (Regress): 'Регресс' is the direct opposite of 'прогресс'. It is used in technical, legal, or biological contexts to describe a return to a previous, less developed state. While 'деградация' is a breakdown, 'регресс' is a backward movement.
Разложение (Decomposition/Decay): Used literally for biological matter rotting, or metaphorically for morals. 'Разложение дисциплины' (breakdown of discipline). It implies a literal 'falling apart' into pieces.

Вместо термина деградация в быту чаще используют слово 'ухудшение'.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"Комитет отметил деградацию пахотных земель."

ニュートラル

"Деградация природы — это страшно."

カジュアル

"Смотреть такие шоу — это просто деградация."

Child friendly

"Когда земля портится и на ней ничего не растет, это называют деградацией."

スラング

"Ну ты и деградант!"

豆知識

In the Middle Ages, the word was primarily used for the formal stripping of a priest's holy orders or a knight's rank.

発音ガイド

UK /dʲɪɡrɐˈdatsɨjə/

US /ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən/

деграда́ция

韻が合う語

инновация организация цивилизация адаптация модернизация информация ситуация федерация

よくある間違い

Stressing the first syllable (wrong: де́градация).
Pronouncing 'е' as a hard 'э' (it should slightly soften the 'д').
Mumbling the '-ия' ending.
Confusing the spelling of 'гра' with 'гро'.
Misplacing the stress in the verb 'дегради́ровать'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Recognizable due to Latin root, but context can be dense.

ライティング 5/5

Requires correct case endings and sophisticated collocations.

スピーキング 4/5

Long word with specific stress; used in formal speech.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but often surrounded by other complex words.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

плохо хуже процесс система природа

次に学ぶ

стагнация кризис рецессия энтропия атрофия

上級

детерминация дифференциация интеграция дезинтеграция ассимиляция

知っておくべき文法

Nouns ending in -ия

In Dative and Prepositional, the ending is -ии (к деградации, о деградации).

Genitive of Possession/Attribute

Using Genitive after 'деградация' to specify what is declining (деградация общества).

Verbal Nouns

'Деградация' functions as a verbal noun of 'деградировать'.

Adjective Agreement

Feminine adjectives must match: 'полная деградация', 'быстрая деградация'.

Preposition 'к' with Dative

Verbs like 'вести' (to lead) require 'к деградации'.

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レベル別の例文

Это деградация.

This is degradation.

Nominative case, simple sentence.

Там видна деградация.

Degradation is visible there.

Adverb 'там' + verb + subject.

Деградация — это плохо.

Degradation is bad.

Using a dash for 'is'.

Я знаю слово деградация.

I know the word degradation.

Accusative case (same as Nominative for inanimate).

Нет деградации.

There is no degradation.

Genitive case after 'нет'.

Это не деградация, а прогресс.

This isn't degradation, but progress.

Contrast using 'не... а'.

Что такое деградация?

What is degradation?

Question structure.

Деградация леса.

Forest degradation.

Noun + Genitive noun.

Деградация почв — большая проблема.

Soil degradation is a big problem.

Genitive plural 'почв'.

Мы видим деградацию природы.

We see the degradation of nature.

Accusative case 'деградацию'.

В городе началась деградация парков.

In the city, the degradation of parks has begun.

Past tense feminine verb 'началась'.

Это ведет к деградации.

This leads to degradation.

Dative case after 'к'.

Ученые изучают деградацию.

Scientists are studying degradation.

Plural subject + Accusative object.

Из-за мусора видна деградация берега.

Because of the trash, the degradation of the shore is visible.

Preposition 'из-за' + Genitive.

Деградация — это долгий процесс.

Degradation is a long process.

Adjective 'долгий' modifying 'процесс'.

Они говорят о деградации.

They are talking about degradation.

Prepositional case after 'о'.

Экологическая деградация угрожает планете.

Environmental degradation threatens the planet.

Adjective-noun agreement in Nominative.

Он боится деградации своего таланта.

He is afraid of the degradation of his talent.

Genitive case after 'бояться'.

Алкоголь может привести к деградации личности.

Alcohol can lead to personality degradation.

Dative case ending in '-ии'.

В этом районе заметна деградация зданий.

The degradation of buildings is noticeable in this area.

Short adjective 'заметна' (feminine).

Как остановить деградацию культуры?

How to stop the degradation of culture?

Infinitive 'остановить' + Accusative.

Мы обсуждали деградацию системы образования.

We discussed the degradation of the education system.

Past tense plural verb.

Постепенная деградация металла опасна.

Gradual degradation of metal is dangerous.

Feminine short adjective 'опасна'.

Без работы наступает умственная деградация.

Mental degradation occurs without work.

Verb 'наступает' (occurs).

Социальная деградация часто связана с бедностью.

Social degradation is often linked to poverty.

Passive participle 'связана'.

Процесс деградации земель трудно повернуть вспять.

The process of land degradation is hard to reverse.

Adverbial phrase 'вспять' (backwards).

Многие жалуются на деградацию современного кино.

Many complain about the degradation of modern cinema.

Preposition 'на' + Accusative.

Деградация экосистем ведет к вымиранию видов.

Degradation of ecosystems leads to the extinction of species.

Genitive plural 'экосистем'.

Мы не должны допустить деградации наших ценностей.

We must not allow the degradation of our values.

Genitive case after 'допустить' (negated).

Интеллектуальная деградация — результат лени.

Intellectual degradation is a result of laziness.

Noun as a predicate.

В статье описывается деградация морали.

The article describes the degradation of morality.

Reflexive verb 'описывается' (is described).

Это явный признак деградации общества.

This is a clear sign of societal degradation.

Genitive case 'деградации'.

Антропогенный фактор ускоряет деградацию вечной мерзлоты.

The anthropogenic factor accelerates the degradation of permafrost.

Scientific terminology usage.

Деградация белка в клетках — сложный биохимический процесс.

Protein degradation in cells is a complex biochemical process.

Technical Genitive chain.

Критики отмечают деградацию политического дискурса.

Critics note the degradation of political discourse.

High-level vocabulary 'дискурс'.

Эрозия и деградация почв ведут к снижению урожайности.

Erosion and soil degradation lead to a decrease in yield.

Compound subject with plural verb.

Предотвращение деградации окружающей среды — наш приоритет.

Preventing environmental degradation is our priority.

Verbal noun 'предотвращение' + Genitive.

Он написал диссертацию о деградации лесных массивов.

He wrote a dissertation on the degradation of forest areas.

Prepositional case 'о деградации'.

Деградация качества жизни в регионе вызывает опасения.

The degradation of the quality of life in the region is causing concern.

Subject 'деградация' + verb 'вызывает'.

Это приведет к необратимой деградации структуры материала.

This will lead to irreversible degradation of the material structure.

Future tense + Adjective in Dative.

Феномен деградации элит часто предшествует краху империй.

The phenomenon of the degradation of elites often precedes the collapse of empires.

Historical/Sociological context.

В философском смысле деградация — это утрата экзистенциальной полноты.

In a philosophical sense, degradation is the loss of existential fullness.

Abstract terminology.

Мы наблюдаем постепенную деградацию институтов гражданского общества.

We are observing the gradual degradation of the institutions of civil society.

Political science terminology.

Деградация когнитивных функций может быть следствием нейродегенерации.

The degradation of cognitive functions may be a consequence of neurodegeneration.

Medical/Scientific register.

Постмодернизм иногда интерпретируют как деградацию классических форм.

Postmodernism is sometimes interpreted as a degradation of classical forms.

Art criticism context.

Проблема деградации городской среды требует комплексного подхода.

The problem of urban environment degradation requires an integrated approach.

Complex noun phrase.

Экономическая стагнация неизбежно влечет за собой деградацию инфраструктуры.

Economic stagnation inevitably entails the degradation of infrastructure.

Idiomatic verb 'влечь за собой'.

Деградация ландшафта обусловлена нерациональным природопользованием.

Landscape degradation is caused by irrational environmental management.

Passive participle 'обусловлена'.

よく使う組み合わせ

деградация почв

деградация личности

моральная деградация

деградация белка

интеллектуальная деградация

деградация сигнала

постепенная деградация

необратимая деградация

социальная деградация

деградация экосистем

よく使うフレーズ

прийти к деградации

— To reach a state of decline or deterioration.

Без реформ страна может прийти к деградации.

остановить деградацию

— To halt the process of worsening.

Важно вовремя остановить деградацию лесов.

признаки деградации

— Visible signs that something is getting worse.

Первые признаки деградации здания уже видны.

путь деградации

— A metaphorical path leading to a worse state.

Он выбрал путь деградации, бросив учебу.

вызывать деградацию

— To be the cause of a decline.

Загрязнение вызывает деградацию водоемов.

бороться с деградацией

— To take active steps against decline.

Мы должны бороться с деградацией образования.

деградация нравов

— The worsening of moral standards in society.

Старшее поколение часто жалуется на деградацию нравов.

полная деградация

— Total decline or breakdown.

Это была полная деградация всех государственных институтов.

способствовать деградации

— To contribute to or facilitate a decline.

Коррупция способствует деградации экономики.

избежать деградации

— To successfully prevent a decline.

Новые технологии помогут избежать деградации производства.

よく混同される語

деградация vs деструкция

Destruction refers to the physical breaking of a structure, while degradation is a loss of quality/status.

деградация vs деградация vs регресс

Regress is a return to an earlier state; degradation is a decline in quality regardless of the previous state.

деградация vs девальвация

Devaluation is specifically for currency or abstract values, not physical objects like soil.

慣用句と表現

"катиться по наклонной"

— To slide down a slippery slope (often leading to 'деградация личности').

После потери работы он покатился по наклонной.

informal

"опускаться на дно"

— To hit rock bottom (socially or morally).

Он совсем опустился на дно из-за своих привычек.

informal

"терять человеческий облик"

— To lose one's human appearance/dignity (extreme 'деградация личности').

В этом притоне люди теряют человеческий облик.

formal/literary

"впадать в маразм"

— To become senile or act absurdly (mental degradation).

Старый профессор начал впадать в маразм.

informal/rude

"идти прахом"

— To go to ruin or turn to dust.

Все наши достижения пошли прахом.

informal

"гниль в сердце"

— Moral decay from within.

В этом обществе чувствуется гниль в сердце.

literary

"разруха в головах"

— Chaos/degradation of the mind (famous quote by Bulgakov).

Разруха не в клозетах, а в головах.

literary/common

"ставить крест на чем-то"

— To give up on something (implying its inevitable degradation).

На этом проекте можно ставить крест.

informal

"дойти до ручки"

— To reach a state of extreme poverty or exhaustion.

Семья совсем дошла до ручки.

informal

"превращаться в овощ"

— To become a 'vegetable' (extreme mental/physical degradation).

Без движения он превращается в овощ.

slang/offensive

間違えやすい

деградация vs деградация

Similar to 'ухудшение'.

'Ухудшение' is general; 'деградация' is systemic and structural.

Ухудшение погоды (weather) vs Деградация климата (climate system).

деградация vs деградация

Similar to 'упадок'.

'Упадок' is literary/historical; 'деградация' is scientific/clinical.

Упадок сил (loss of energy) vs Деградация личности (personality breakdown).

деградация vs деградация

Similar to 'разложение'.

'Разложение' implies rotting or falling into parts; 'деградация' implies losing quality.

Разложение трупа (decay) vs Деградация белка (protein breakdown).

деградация vs деградация

Similar to 'стагнация'.

'Стагнация' is staying still/stopping; 'деградация' is moving downwards.

Стагнация в экономике (no growth) vs Деградация экономики (shrinking/worsening).

деградация vs деградация

Similar to 'эрозия'.

'Эрозия' is a physical wearing away (mostly soil/metal); 'деградация' is the broader result.

Эрозия почвы приводит к её деградации.

文型パターン

Это ведет к деградации [чего-то].

Это ведет к деградации леса.

Мы наблюдаем деградацию [чего-то].

Мы наблюдаем деградацию культуры.

Процесс деградации [чего-то] обусловлен [чем-то].

Процесс деградации почв обусловлен эрозией.

Нельзя допускать деградации [чего-то].

Нельзя допускать деградации образования.

Деградация [чего-то] влечет за собой [что-то].

Деградация элит влечет за собой кризис власти.

В основе деградации лежит [что-то].

В основе деградации системы лежит коррупция.

Признаки деградации видны везде.

Признаки деградации видны в старом парке.

Это явная деградация.

Это явная деградация вкуса.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Common in academic, journalistic, and formal speech. Rare in casual daily chores talk.

よくある間違い

Использование 'деградация' для погоды. → Ухудшение погоды.
Degradation implies a systemic loss of quality, not a temporary change in weather.
Деградация кофе. → Низкое качество кофе.
Unless you are talking about chemical breakdown, 'деградация' is too formal for food.
О деградацие (Prepositional). → О деградации.
Nouns in -ия take -ии in the prepositional case.
Деградация к лучшему. → Прогресс / Улучшение.
Degradation is inherently negative; it cannot be 'to the better'.
Быть в деградации. → Находиться в состоянии деградации.
We usually say something 'is undergoing' or 'is in a state of' degradation.

ヒント

Context Matters

Use 'деградация' for systems and 'ухудшение' for simple objects or weather.

Ending Alert

Remember the '-ии' ending for Dative and Prepositional cases.

Synonym Choice

Choose 'упадок' for historical contexts and 'деградация' for scientific ones.

Formal Tone

Using this word automatically makes your speech sound more educated and formal.

Cognate Power

Link it to 'degradation' in English to remember the meaning instantly.

Collocation

Always try to use it with an adjective like 'постепенная' or 'необратимая'.

Social Issues

Be aware that 'деградация личности' is a sensitive term related to addiction.

Identify Field

When you hear this word, determine if the topic is ecology, sociology, or technology.

No 'э'

Avoid pronouncing the first 'e' as a hard 'э'; it's a soft 'д'.

Rhetorical Use

Use it to emphasize the severity of a decline in a debate.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Grade' going 'Down' (De-Grade). The 'ция' ending is like 'tion' in English. De-Grade-ation.

視覚的連想

Imagine a staircase leading down into a dark basement. Each step down represents a loss of quality.

Word Web

Почва (Soil) Личность (Personality) Упадок (Decline) Сигнал (Signal) Общество (Society) Культура (Culture) Биология (Biology) Регресс (Regress)

チャレンジ

Write three sentences using 'деградация' in three different contexts: environmental, personal, and technical.

語源

Derived from the French 'dégradation' or directly from Late Latin 'degradatio'.

元の意味： A reduction in rank or status.

Indo-European (Latin branch).

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'деградация личности' toward a person, as it is extremely insulting and implies they are no longer fully human or functional.

English speakers use 'degradation' similarly, but 'decline' or 'deterioration' are more common in non-academic speech.

The concept of 'Entropic Degradation' in physics. Social degradation themes in Dostoevsky's 'The Idiot'. Environmental reports by the UN on 'Land Degradation'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Environmental Science

деградация почвенного покрова
предотвращение деградации
степень деградации
антропогенная деградация

Psychology

алкогольная деградация
морально-нравственная деградация
эмоциональная деградация
деградация когнитивных навыков

Sociology/Politics

деградация институтов
культурная деградация
деградация элит
социальная деградация

Technology

деградация материалов
деградация аккумулятора
деградация характеристик
скорость деградации

Philosophy

духовная деградация
деградация смыслов
историческая деградация
циклы деградации

会話のきっかけ

"Считаете ли вы, что современные технологии ведут к интеллектуальной деградации?"

"Какие меры нужно принять, чтобы остановить деградацию почв в нашем регионе?"

"Согласны ли вы с тем, что деградация культуры — это неизбежный процесс?"

"Как вы понимаете термин 'деградация личности' в контексте классической литературы?"

"Видите ли вы признаки деградации в современной архитектуре городов?"

日記のテーマ

Опишите ситуацию, когда вы наблюдали деградацию какой-либо системы или места. Что к этому привело?

Напишите эссе на тему: 'Прогресс и деградация: две стороны одной медали'.

Как современное образование борется с интеллектуальной деградацией молодежи?

Может ли деградация быть полезной в каком-то смысле? Поразмышляйте об этом.

Проанализируйте причины деградации окружающей среды в вашем родном городе.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, in Russian, it almost always describes a negative process. Even in scientific contexts, it refers to the loss of useful properties. There is no such thing as 'positive degradation'.

Yes, but be careful. 'Деградация личности' is a clinical term for severe moral or mental decline. Using it as a casual insult is very harsh.

Regress (регресс) is the opposite of progress; it's a movement backward. Degradation (деградация) is a loss of internal quality or complexity. Often they happen together.

The verb is 'деградировать'. It can be used for both the process (imperfective) and the result (perfective).

Very common. Journalists use it to describe environmental issues, political instability, or social problems.

Yes, for the breakdown of polymers, proteins, or other complex molecules into simpler ones.

It is 'biodegradation'—the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms, like bacteria.

Technically yes (деградации), but it is almost always used in the singular because it's an abstract process.

Usually the Genitive case (деградация чего? - деградация системы).

In internet slang, 'деградировать' can mean to engage in mindless, 'stupid' entertainment as a form of relaxation.

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