attack 30초 만에
- Attack means to use force to hurt or damage someone or something physically.
- It can also mean to criticize someone or something very strongly and hostily.
- In medicine, it refers to a sudden onset of illness, like a heart attack.
- In sports, it describes the offensive part of the game where a team tries to score.
The word attack is a versatile and powerful term in the English language, functioning as both a verb and a noun. At its most fundamental level, it describes an act of aggression. This aggression can be physical, such as a military strike or a person hitting another, or it can be metaphorical, such as a verbal criticism or a biological process within the body. When we use 'attack' as a verb, we are describing the action of initiating a hostile move. When used as a noun, it refers to the instance or the event of that aggression occurring. The term is essential for discussing conflict, sports strategies, medical emergencies, and even computer security.
- Physical Conflict
- In a military or physical context, to attack means to use force to hurt someone or damage a place. It implies being the initiator of the violence. For example, 'The soldiers were ordered to attack the fort at midnight.'
The wild animal decided to attack when it felt cornered by the hikers.
- Verbal and Social Criticism
- Metaphorically, an attack can be a strong verbal disagreement or a public criticism. In politics, candidates often attack each other's policies or personal characters to gain an advantage. This is not physical but is still considered a 'hostile action' in a social sense.
The opposition party launched a scathing attack on the new tax laws.
- Medical Contexts
- In medicine, 'attack' refers to a sudden onset of a disease or a specific medical episode. The most common usage is 'heart attack,' where the heart suddenly stops functioning correctly. It can also refer to an 'asthma attack' or a 'panic attack.'
He suffered a minor heart attack but is expected to make a full recovery.
Furthermore, in the digital age, 'attack' is frequently used in cybersecurity. A 'cyber attack' involves hackers trying to damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer network or system. In sports, 'attack' refers to the offensive part of a game, where a team tries to score points against the opponent's defense. Whether it is a chess move, a soccer play, or a malware infection, 'attack' always implies a proactive, forceful effort to overcome an obstacle or an opponent.
Using the word 'attack' correctly requires understanding its role as either a verb or a noun and choosing the appropriate prepositions. As a verb, 'attack' is usually transitive, meaning it takes a direct object. You attack *something* or *someone*. You do not usually 'attack to' someone. For example, 'The dog attacked the intruder.' As a noun, it often pairs with verbs like 'launch,' 'carry out,' or 'suffer.'
- Verb Usage: Direct Action
- When using 'attack' as a verb, focus on the subject performing the action and the object receiving it. 'The virus attacks the immune system.' Here, the virus is the actor and the immune system is the target.
The hackers tried to attack the government's main database.
- Noun Usage: The Event
- As a noun, 'attack' describes the incident itself. It can be modified by adjectives to show intensity. 'A brutal attack,' 'a surprise attack,' or 'a verbal attack.' It is often followed by the preposition 'on' to indicate the target: 'An attack on the city.'
The city was under attack for three consecutive days.
In more abstract contexts, 'attack' can describe how one approaches a task. If you 'attack a problem,' you are working on it with great energy and determination. This is a positive, proactive use of the word. 'She attacked the pile of paperwork with enthusiasm.' This shows that the word isn't always negative; it can imply vigor and focus.
The word 'attack' is a staple of news broadcasts, sports commentary, and medical dramas. In the news, you will hear it in reports about international conflicts, crime, and political debates. News anchors might say, 'There has been a terrorist attack in the capital,' or 'The senator attacked the president's economic policy during the debate.' These contexts emphasize the word's association with conflict and confrontation.
- Sports Commentary
- In sports like soccer, basketball, or rugby, 'attack' refers to the offensive phase. Commentators might shout, 'What a brilliant attack by the forward!' or 'The team is going on the attack.' Here, it signifies a move toward the goal.
The coach told the players to attack from the wings to stretch the defense.
- Medical and Health
- In a hospital setting or health-related discussions, 'attack' is used for sudden illnesses. 'Heart attack' is the most frequent, but you'll also hear 'gallbladder attack' or 'migraine attack.' It conveys the sudden and aggressive nature of the symptoms.
You will also encounter 'attack' in the world of technology. Terms like 'DDoS attack' or 'phishing attack' are common in discussions about internet safety. In these cases, the 'attack' is a digital attempt to disrupt service or steal information. Whether in a physical, verbal, medical, or digital sense, the word 'attack' always signals that something is being targeted with force or harmful intent.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 'attack' is the misuse of prepositions. As mentioned earlier, when 'attack' is a verb, it is transitive and does not need 'on.' Many students incorrectly say 'The army attacked on the city' instead of 'The army attacked the city.' This confusion often stems from the fact that the noun form *does* require 'on' (e.g., 'An attack on the city').
- Confusion with 'Assault'
- While 'attack' and 'assault' are synonyms, 'assault' is often more specific in legal contexts. An assault usually implies a physical confrontation or the threat of one. 'Attack' is broader and can be used for non-physical things like ideas or computer systems.
Incorrect: They attacked to the enemy. Correct: They attacked the enemy.
- Misusing 'Attack' for 'Criticize'
- While 'attack' can mean 'criticize,' it is a very strong word. If someone simply gives a small piece of negative feedback, saying they 'attacked' you might sound like an exaggeration. Use 'attack' only when the criticism is harsh, hostile, or sustained.
Another mistake is confusing 'attack' with 'offensive.' In sports, 'the attack' is the group of players or the strategy, while 'offensive' is often used as an adjective (e.g., 'an offensive play'). However, in military terms, 'an offensive' is a large-scale series of attacks. Using these interchangeably can sometimes lead to slight nuances being lost.
To enrich your vocabulary, it is helpful to know words that are similar to 'attack' but carry different shades of meaning. Depending on the context—whether it is physical, verbal, or medical—different alternatives might be more precise.
- Assault vs. Attack
- 'Assault' is often used for a sudden, violent physical attack. It is common in legal and military language. 'Attack' is more general and can be used for non-physical things like 'attacking a problem.'
- Criticize vs. Attack
- 'Criticize' means to point out faults. 'Attack' means to criticize very harshly or hostily. If a teacher points out a mistake, they are criticizing. If a rival politician calls someone a liar and a failure, they are attacking.
- Strike vs. Attack
- 'Strike' often implies a single, decisive blow or a planned military action (like an air strike). 'Attack' can be a single event or a prolonged series of actions.
The navy decided to strike the enemy's supply lines, which was the first attack of the war.
In a medical sense, alternatives include 'episode,' 'seizure,' or 'flare-up.' For example, instead of 'asthma attack,' a doctor might say 'asthma exacerbation' in a formal report. In sports, 'offense' or 'forward play' are common alternatives. Choosing the right word helps you communicate more clearly and professionally.
How Formal Is It?
"The corporation launched a legal attack against the new regulations."
"The dog attacked the stranger in the park."
"I'm having a total snack attack right now!"
"The brave knight will attack the dragon to save the day."
"She really attacked that pizza!"
재미있는 사실
Even though 'attack' and 'attach' look different now, they both come from the same root word meaning 'to fasten'. An attack was originally seen as 'joining' a battle.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the first 'a' too strongly like 'ay-tack'.
- Forgetting the 'k' sound at the end.
- Confusing the vowel sound with 'u' as in 'at-tuck'.
- Putting the stress on the first syllable.
- Pronouncing it like 'a-tatch'.
난이도
Common in news and stories, easy to recognize.
Requires careful use of prepositions (no 'on' for the verb).
Pronunciation is straightforward but stress is important.
Clear sound, but can be confused with 'attach' if not careful.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Transitive Verbs
The cat attacked (verb) the toy (object).
Noun + Preposition
An attack (noun) ON (preposition) the city.
Compound Nouns
Heart attack, panic attack.
Passive Voice
The city was attacked by the enemy.
Gerunds as Objects
He was arrested for attacking the guard.
수준별 예문
The lion will attack the zebra.
The lion will try to hurt the zebra.
Verb: Future tense with 'will'.
Do not attack your brother!
Don't hit your brother.
Imperative: Negative command.
The monster in the movie is about to attack.
The monster will start fighting soon.
Verb: 'is about to' shows immediate future.
The cat made a sudden attack on the mouse.
The cat jumped at the mouse.
Noun: 'attack' follows the adjective 'sudden'.
The army had a big attack.
The soldiers fought a big battle.
Noun: Simple past with 'had'.
They attack at night.
They fight when it is dark.
Verb: Present simple for habits.
Is that an attack?
Is someone fighting?
Noun: Question form.
He was scared of an attack.
He was afraid someone would hurt him.
Noun: Object of a preposition.
The soccer team is very good at attack.
The team is good at scoring goals.
Noun: Used as a sports category.
The dog attacked the mailman yesterday.
The dog bit or jumped on the mailman.
Verb: Past simple.
He had a heart attack and went to the hospital.
His heart stopped working correctly.
Noun: Compound noun 'heart attack'.
We must defend our city from the attack.
We must protect our city.
Noun: Direct object of 'from'.
The birds attack if you go near their nest.
The birds will fly at you to protect their home.
Verb: Zero conditional (general truth).
The news reported a shark attack at the beach.
A shark tried to bite someone.
Noun: Compound noun 'shark attack'.
She used her hands to attack the drum.
She hit the drum hard.
Verb: Infinitive of purpose.
The soldiers launched a surprise attack.
The soldiers attacked when no one expected it.
Noun: 'launched' is a common verb for 'attack'.
The politician attacked his opponent's ideas during the debate.
The politician criticized the other person's ideas strongly.
Verb: Metaphorical use for verbal criticism.
A computer virus can attack your personal files.
A virus can damage your files.
Verb: Used in a technological context.
There was a verbal attack in the meeting today.
Someone said mean things to another person.
Noun: 'verbal attack' describes non-physical aggression.
The army is planning to attack the enemy base.
The army will strike the other side's camp.
Verb: Followed by a direct object.
He suffered a panic attack before the big exam.
He felt very scared and couldn't breathe well.
Noun: 'panic attack' is a common psychological term.
The newspaper article was a direct attack on the mayor.
The article criticized the mayor very harshly.
Noun: Followed by the preposition 'on'.
We need to attack this problem from a different angle.
We need to try to solve this problem differently.
Verb: Metaphorical use meaning 'to solve with energy'.
The castle was under attack for many hours.
People were trying to break into the castle.
Noun: Phrase 'under attack'.
The hackers launched a coordinated cyber attack on the bank.
Many hackers worked together to break into the bank's computers.
Noun: 'cyber attack' with the preposition 'on'.
The defense was unable to withstand the relentless attack of the opposing team.
The other team kept trying to score and didn't stop.
Noun: 'relentless' describes the intensity.
The editorial was seen as a personal attack rather than a policy critique.
The writing focused on the person, not their work.
Noun: 'personal attack' is a specific type of criticism.
The immune system attacks foreign bacteria to keep us healthy.
The body fights bad germs.
Verb: Present simple for biological functions.
The rebels carried out a series of guerrilla attacks in the mountains.
Small groups of fighters made surprise strikes.
Noun: 'carried out' is a formal verb for 'attack'.
He was accused of attacking the witness's credibility.
He tried to make people believe the witness was lying.
Verb: Gerund form after 'accused of'.
The city's infrastructure is vulnerable to a terrorist attack.
The city's systems could be easily damaged by a strike.
Noun: 'vulnerable to' followed by the noun.
The sudden attack of gout made it difficult for him to walk.
A sudden painful medical problem in his foot.
Noun: Used for a medical flare-up.
The philosopher launched a blistering attack on the foundations of modern ethics.
The philosopher wrote a very strong and smart criticism.
Noun: 'blistering' is a high-level adjective for 'intense'.
The malware is designed to attack the kernel of the operating system.
The bad software targets the most important part of the computer.
Verb: Technical use in computer science.
Critics have attacked the government for its perceived lack of transparency.
People have strongly blamed the government for hiding things.
Verb: Present perfect for recent events.
The military commander ordered a pre-emptive attack to neutralize the threat.
They attacked first to stop the enemy from attacking later.
Noun: 'pre-emptive' is a strategic term.
The poem is an attack on the industrialization of the countryside.
The poem criticizes how factories are ruining nature.
Noun: Metaphorical use in literary analysis.
She felt that her integrity was being attacked by the media.
She felt the news was saying she was not an honest person.
Verb: Passive voice 'was being attacked'.
The sudden attack of nostalgia caught him off guard.
He suddenly felt very sad and happy about the past.
Noun: Abstract use for a sudden emotion.
The battalion was decimated during the initial attack.
Most of the soldiers were killed or hurt in the first fight.
Noun: Part of a passive construction.
The monograph serves as a sustained attack on the prevailing economic orthodoxy.
The book is a long, detailed criticism of current economic beliefs.
Noun: 'sustained' implies a long-term effort.
The virus employs a sophisticated mechanism to attack the host's DNA directly.
The virus has a smart way to change the body's genetic code.
Verb: Precise biological description.
His speech was a masterclass in how to attack an opponent's character without appearing petty.
He showed how to criticize someone very well and professionally.
Verb: Part of an infinitive phrase.
The legal team prepared a multi-pronged attack to challenge the constitutionality of the law.
The lawyers used many different arguments at once.
Noun: 'multi-pronged' is a strategic adjective.
The city's defenses were breached by a brute-force attack on its main gates.
The enemy used pure strength to break in.
Noun: 'brute-force' is both a physical and technical term.
The composer's use of dissonance was an attack on the traditional notions of harmony.
The music challenged what people thought was beautiful.
Noun: Abstract aesthetic criticism.
The environmental group launched a legal attack against the corporation's drilling permits.
They used the law to fight the company.
Noun: 'legal attack' refers to litigation.
The sheer audacity of the attack left the international community in shock.
How brave and shocking the strike was surprised everyone.
Noun: Focus on the quality of the action.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To be in the process of attacking or being aggressive.
The team is back on the attack after losing the ball.
— To deal with a problem with great energy and determination.
We need to attack this problem before it gets worse.
— An attack made in response to an attack by an opponent.
The army launched a counter-attack to win back the land.
— An attack using all available resources and strength.
The team went for an all-out attack in the final minutes.
— An attack made directly on the front of an enemy's position.
A frontal attack would be too dangerous for the troops.
— An attack that happens without any reason or cause.
It was a completely unprovoked attack on a peaceful man.
— An attack where different groups work together at the same time.
The hackers used a coordinated attack to crash the site.
— An attack that continues for a long time without stopping.
The city suffered a sustained attack from the air.
자주 혼동되는 단어
Attach means to join things together; attack means to hurt or strike.
Assault is more specific to physical violence or legal charges.
In sports, 'the attack' and 'the offense' are similar, but 'offense' is more common in US English.
관용어 및 표현
— It is better to be proactive and aggressive than to just wait and protect yourself.
In business, sometimes attack is the best form of defense.
general— A sudden, strong desire to eat a snack.
I'm having a major snack attack right now!
informal— A sudden, uncontrollable fit of laughing.
The children had an attack of the giggles during the movie.
informal— To launch a surprise attack suddenly.
They decided to spring an attack on the unsuspecting guards.
neutral— Being criticized or physically struck.
My reputation is under attack because of these lies.
neutral— To attack with great force or intensity, often after a delay.
The flu returned and attacked with a vengeance.
neutral— Something that is very strong or overwhelming to see, smell, or hear.
The bright lights and loud music attacked my senses.
literary— Criticism directed at a person's character rather than their ideas.
The debate turned into a series of personal attacks.
neutral— A direct and honest confrontation.
He decided on a frontal attack and told her exactly what he thought.
neutral— A medical emergency where the heart stops properly functioning.
Stress can sometimes lead to a heart attack.
medical혼동하기 쉬운
Both involve violence.
Assault is often a legal term for the threat or act of violence, while attack is a broader term for any aggressive move.
He was charged with assault after the attack.
Both mean to hit.
A strike is often a single, specific hit or a military air mission. An attack can be a longer process.
The air strike was part of a larger attack.
Both involve negative feedback.
Criticizing is pointing out mistakes; attacking is a much more hostile and forceful version of this.
Don't attack me just because you want to criticize my work.
Both are military actions.
A raid is a quick 'in and out' mission. An attack might be intended to take and hold ground.
The police raid was a surprise attack on the gang.
Both are ways to fight.
An ambush is specifically a surprise attack from a hidden location.
They waited in the trees to ambush the convoy in a surprise attack.
문장 패턴
Subject + attack + Object
The dog attacked the cat.
Subject + had a + [Type] + attack
He had a heart attack.
Subject + launch + an attack + on + Object
They launched an attack on the base.
Subject + be + under attack
The system is under attack.
Subject + attack + [Abstract Noun]
The essay attacks the theory of relativity.
A + [Adjective] + attack + on + [System]
A sustained attack on the democratic process.
Subject + attack + the problem
We must attack the problem now.
Subject + withstand + the attack
They could not withstand the attack.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Very common in news, sports, and medicine.
-
They attacked on the building.
→
They attacked the building.
The verb 'attack' is transitive and does not take the preposition 'on'.
-
He had a heart attacking.
→
He had a heart attack.
The medical condition is a noun phrase 'heart attack', not a gerund.
-
The team is in defending.
→
The team is in attack.
In sports, you are either 'in attack' or 'in defense'.
-
It was a personal criticize.
→
It was a personal attack.
'Criticize' is a verb; the noun form is 'criticism' or 'attack'.
-
The dog was very attack.
→
The dog was very aggressive.
'Attack' is not an adjective. Use 'aggressive' instead.
팁
No 'on' for Verbs
Remember: 'They attacked the enemy' (Correct) vs 'They attacked on the enemy' (Incorrect).
Use Synonyms
Try 'assault' for physical violence and 'criticize' for mild verbal disagreements.
Offensive Play
In sports, 'attack' is the part of the team that scores. Use it to describe exciting plays.
Sudden Onset
Use 'attack' for sudden medical issues like 'asthma attack' or 'panic attack'.
Strong Adjectives
Pair 'attack' with words like 'vicious', 'sudden', or 'unprovoked' for better descriptions.
Stress the Second
Always put the emphasis on the 'TACK' part of the word.
Cybersecurity
A 'cyber attack' is a common modern phrase. Use it when talking about hackers.
Best Defense
Remember the phrase 'attack is the best form of defense' for business or strategy.
Be Careful
Calling a disagreement an 'attack' can make it sound much worse than it is.
암기하기
기억법
Think of an 'Attack' as a 'Tack' (a sharp pin) being pushed into something. It is sharp, sudden, and forceful.
시각적 연상
Imagine a knight charging with a sword or a computer screen with a big red 'X' during a virus attack.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use the word 'attack' in three different ways today: one for sports, one for a problem, and one for a physical action.
어원
The word 'attack' comes from the Old French word 'ataquer', which means 'to join' or 'to fasten'. It is related to the Italian word 'attaccare'. The military sense of 'setting upon' developed later.
원래 의미: To fasten or join together.
Indo-European (via Latin and French).문화적 맥락
Be careful using 'attack' when talking about people; it can sound very aggressive or accusatory.
In English-speaking countries, 'attack' is frequently used in news headlines to grab attention.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Military
- launch an attack
- retreat from attack
- surprise attack
- air attack
Sports
- go on the attack
- best in attack
- counter-attack
- attacking player
Medical
- heart attack
- panic attack
- asthma attack
- suffer an attack
Technology
- cyber attack
- virus attack
- DDoS attack
- phishing attack
Social/Politics
- verbal attack
- personal attack
- attack policies
- scathing attack
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever seen a team make a brilliant attack in a soccer match?"
"What do you think is the best way to defend against a cyber attack?"
"How should a person react if they are facing a personal attack online?"
"Do you think 'attack is the best form of defense' in everyday life?"
"What are the most common causes of a heart attack that people should know?"
일기 주제
Describe a time when you had to attack a difficult problem. What was your strategy?
Write about a movie where a surprise attack changed the whole story.
How do you feel when you see politicians attacking each other in the news?
Reflect on a time you felt under attack emotionally. How did you handle it?
If you were a coach, how would you train your team to have a better attack?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문It is both! As a verb, it's an action (to attack). As a noun, it's a thing (an attack).
No. As a verb, just say 'attack someone'. Example: 'The cat attacked the dog.'
Use 'on' when attack is a noun. Example: 'There was an attack on the city.'
It is a medical emergency where blood flow to the heart is blocked.
Yes! It means to try to solve it with a lot of energy and focus.
It is when hackers try to break into or damage a computer system.
Usually, but in sports, it's a positive part of the game where you try to score.
The most common opposite is 'defend'.
It means someone or something is currently being attacked.
They are very similar, but 'assault' is often used in legal or very violent contexts.
셀프 테스트 108 질문
Write a sentence using 'attack' as a verb about a wild animal.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'attack' as a noun about a computer.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'heart attack'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'attack' to mean 'criticize'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'panic attack'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'surprise attack'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'attack' in a sports context.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Pronounce the word 'attack' clearly.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Explain the difference between 'attack' and 'defend'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Listen to the sentence: 'The army attacked at dawn.' What time did they fight?
/ 108 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'attack' is a high-energy term used for physical violence, harsh criticism, medical emergencies, and sports offense. Example: 'The hackers launched a cyber attack, while the CEO suffered a panic attack due to the stress.'
- Attack means to use force to hurt or damage someone or something physically.
- It can also mean to criticize someone or something very strongly and hostily.
- In medicine, it refers to a sudden onset of illness, like a heart attack.
- In sports, it describes the offensive part of the game where a team tries to score.
No 'on' for Verbs
Remember: 'They attacked the enemy' (Correct) vs 'They attacked on the enemy' (Incorrect).
Use Synonyms
Try 'assault' for physical violence and 'criticize' for mild verbal disagreements.
Offensive Play
In sports, 'attack' is the part of the team that scores. Use it to describe exciting plays.
Sudden Onset
Use 'attack' for sudden medical issues like 'asthma attack' or 'panic attack'.
예시
The army prepared to attack the enemy at dawn.
관련 콘텐츠
관련 표현
Military 관련 단어
warheads
B2미사일이나 어뢰의 앞부분에 있는 폭발 장치(탄두).
gun
B1금속 관을 통해 총알을 발사하는 무기.
silos
B1사일로는 곡물을 저장하는 높은 탑이며, 비즈니스에서는 정보를 공유하지 않는 고립된 부서를 의미합니다.
bomber
B2폭격기는 폭탄을 투하하도록 설계된 군용 항공기입니다.
spies
B1스파이는 비밀리에 정보를 수집하는 사람들입니다. '그가 스파이 짓을 한다'는 것은 그가 누군가를 몰래 관찰한다는 뜻입니다.
warriors
B1전사는 특히 과거에 용감하거나 경험이 풍부한 군인 또는 투사입니다. 이 용어는 종종 전투에서의 명예, 기술 및 용기를 암시합니다.
missile
B1미사일은 표적을 향해 발사되도록 설계된 자가 추진 무기 체계입니다.
battle
B1전투는 무장 세력 간의 조직적인 싸움입니다.
armed
C1무장한; 필요한 정보나 도구를 갖춘.
missiles
B1미사일은 목표물을 향해 발사되거나 던져지는 물체 또는 무기입니다.
