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سوگوار بودن

B1 verb #7,000 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

سوگوار بودن

상위 7,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 سوگوار بودن 30초 만에

설명 سوگوار بودن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'سوگوار بودن' (sugvār budan) often, but it is good to recognize it. It means 'to be very sad because someone died'. You might use simpler words like 'ghamgin' (sad) first. Just remember: 'sugvār' = very sad + death. Example: 'U sugvār ast' (He is mourning). You will see this word if you look at Iranian news or posters on the street that have photos of people who passed away.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'سوگوار بودن' to talk about families or people after a loss. It is a compound verb. You use 'sugvār' with the verb 'budan' (to be). You should know that it is more serious than just being 'nārāhat' (upset). It is usually used for people. Example: 'Khānevāde-ye man sugvār hastand' (My family is in mourning). You might hear this in simple stories or when someone explains why they are wearing black clothes.

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As a B1 learner, you should use 'سوگوار بودن' to show empathy and use the correct register. It is the appropriate word to use when discussing deaths in a formal or respectful way. You should be able to conjugate it in past and present tenses. You also learn that it is often used with 'barāye' (for). Example: 'Mardom barāye marg-e shāer sugvār budand' (The people were mourning for the poet's death). This level requires understanding that this word carries a cultural weight regarding the 40-day mourning period in Iran.

At the B2 level, you should understand the nuances between 'sugvār بودن' and 'azādār بودن'. While 'azādār' often refers to the outward rituals, 'sugvār' emphasizes the internal state of grief. You can use it in more complex sentences with conjunctions. You also recognize its use in news reports and more formal literature. You might use it metaphorically, such as 'The city was mourning its destroyed history'. You should be comfortable using it in the subjunctive or perfect tenses.

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At the C1 level, you explore the literary and historical depth of 'سوگوار بودن'. You understand its connection to 'Sug-e-Siavashan' (the ancient mourning for the hero Siavash) and how this concept is central to Persian identity. You can use the word in academic or literary discussions. You are aware of its synonyms like 'mātam-zade' or 'musiibat-dide' and choose the one that fits the exact emotional tone of your writing or speech. You can discuss the sociology of mourning in Iran using this terminology.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'سوگوار بودن'. You can use it to analyze classical poetry (like Rumi or Hafez) or modern socio-political commentary. You understand how the word functions in different registers, from the highly formal language of the state to the deeply personal language of modern prose. You can discuss the philosophical implications of 'sug' (grief) in Persian thought and how 'sugvār budan' is portrayed as a transformative human experience in high-level literature.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

سوگوار بودن 30초 만에

A formal Persian verb meaning to be in mourning.
Used specifically for death and significant losses.
Consists of 'sugvār' (mourner) and 'budan' (to be).
Essential for discussing funerals and national tragedies.

The Persian verb سوگوار بودن (sugvār budan) is a profound expression that transcends simple sadness. It specifically denotes the state of being in mourning or experiencing deep grief following the death of a loved one. This term is deeply rooted in the Persian linguistic and cultural fabric, carrying a weight that suggests a formal or semi-formal state of bereavement. When you say someone is sugvār, you are not just saying they are unhappy; you are acknowledging a significant loss that has altered their current state of existence.

Etymological Root: The word 'Sug' (سوگ) dates back to Middle Persian (Pahlavi) as 'sōg', meaning grief or sorrow. The suffix '-vār' implies a state of being or possession of a quality. Therefore, being 'sugvār' is to be 'possessed by grief'.

In Iranian society, mourning is often a communal and highly ritualized process. سوگوار بودن describes the period during which individuals wear black, receive visitors for condolences (Tasliat), and participate in various ceremonies on the third, seventh, and fortieth days after a passing. It is a word that commands respect and empathy from the listener. You will hear it in news broadcasts regarding national tragedies, in literature describing the plight of tragic heroes, and in daily life when inquiring about the well-being of someone who has recently lost a family member.

تمام شهر برای از دست دادن آن قهرمان سوگوار بود.

Translation: The entire city was in mourning for the loss of that hero.

Synonym Comparison: While 'azādār' (عزادار) is a common synonym, 'sugvār' is often perceived as more poetic and deeply emotional, frequently appearing in classical and modern Persian literature to describe a soul-crushing loss.

The usage of this verb also extends to metaphorical contexts. One might describe a nation as sugvār for its lost glory or a forest as sugvār after a devastating fire. However, its primary and most frequent use remains within the context of human mortality. Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the Persian 'culture of lamentation' (farhang-e sug), which sees the expression of grief as a necessary and honorable aspect of the human experience.

او هنوز برای مرگ برادرش سوگوار است و در هیچ مهمانی شرکت نمی‌کند.

When using this verb, it is important to conjugate the auxiliary verb 'budan' (to be) correctly according to the subject and tense. Because it is a compound verb consisting of an adjective and a linking verb, it follows the standard rules for such constructions in Persian grammar. Whether in the past, present, or future, the focus remains on the state of the individual or group experiencing the loss.

Using سوگوار بودن correctly involves understanding its role as a stative verb. It describes a condition rather than a momentary action. In Persian, compound verbs with 'budan' are very common, and 'sugvār budan' is a prime example of how an adjective (sugvār) combines with the verb 'to be' to create a specific meaning. To use it in a sentence, you generally identify the person who is grieving and, if necessary, the reason for their grief using the preposition 'barāye' (for) or 'dar' (in/at).

Sentence Structure: [Subject] + [Reason/Object of grief (optional)] + [sugvār] + [conjugated form of budan]. For example: 'Mā sugvār hastim' (We are in mourning).

خانواده‌ی سلطنتی برای درگذشت ملکه سوگوار بودند.

Translation: The royal family was in mourning for the Queen's passing.

In formal writing, such as journalism or literature, you might encounter variations like 'sugvār māndan' (to remain in mourning) or 'sugvār shodan' (to become mourning/to start the period of mourning). However, 'budan' is the most versatile. It is often used in the present continuous sense even without the 'dārad' auxiliary, as mourning is viewed as an ongoing state. For instance, 'U sugvār ast' implies he is currently in that state of grief.

Let's look at how the tense affects the meaning. 'Sugvār khāhim bud' (We will be in mourning) might be used when anticipating a loss or a national day of remembrance. 'Sugvār būde-and' (They have been in mourning) uses the present perfect to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing the duration of their pain.

پس از آن حادثه تلخ، تمام مردم ایران سوگوار شدند.

When speaking to someone who is sugvār, it is common to use this word to validate their feelings. Instead of a simple 'You are sad', saying 'Man midānam ke shomā sugvār hastid' (I know that you are in mourning) shows a deeper level of respect for their mourning process. It acknowledges the social and ritualistic reality they are living through.

The word سوگوار بودن is not just a vocabulary item; it is a soundtrack to certain aspects of Iranian life. You will hear it most frequently in the context of news and media. When a prominent figure—be it a poet, a scientist, or a political leader—passes away, the news anchor will inevitably state that the nation is sugvār. This sets a tone of national unity in grief.

In Literature and Poetry: Persian literature is filled with 'Sug-nāme' (books of mourning). From the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi to modern novels, 'sugvār budan' is used to describe the tragic state of characters who have lost their sons, kings, or lovers.

In religious contexts, particularly during the months of Muharram and Safar, the term is used extensively. Millions of people are described as being sugvār for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain. In this context, the word takes on a spiritual dimension, where mourning is seen as an act of devotion and a way to connect with historical and religious truths.

صدا و سیما برنامه‌های شاد خود را قطع کرد زیرا کشور سوگوار بود.

Translation: The TV and radio cut their happy programs because the country was in mourning.

You might also hear it in cinematic masterpieces. Iranian cinema, known for its emotional depth and realism, often explores the theme of loss. A character might be depicted as sugvār in a way that is quiet and internal, or loud and communal. In these settings, the word helps the audience understand the gravity of the emotional landscape being portrayed.

او سال‌هاست که برای از دست دادن همسرش سوگوار است.

Finally, in formal announcements of death (āghahi-ye terhim), the family describes themselves as sugvār. This is a formal way of inviting others to share in their grief and attend the memorial services. It is a word that bridges the gap between private pain and public ritual.

While سوگوار بودن is a straightforward verb, learners often make subtle mistakes in its application and intensity. The most common error is using it for trivial disappointments. You cannot be 'sugvār' because you lost your wallet or failed a test. That would be 'nārāhat' (unhappy) or 'ghamgin' (sad). 'Sugvār' is reserved for death or catastrophic loss.

Mistake: Over-generalization: Using 'sugvār' for a breakup. While a breakup is sad, Iranians usually use 'shekast-e eshghi' (heartbreak) or 'ghamgin'. 'Sugvār' specifically implies the 'death' of a person.

Another mistake involves the preposition. Learners sometimes use 'az' (from) instead of 'barāye' (for). While 'az marg-e kasi ghamgin budan' (to be sad from someone's death) is okay, with 'sugvār', the standard is 'barāye' or simply stating the state without a preposition if the context is clear.

Incorrect: من برای نمره کم سوگوار هستم.
Correct: من برای فوت پدربزرگم سوگوار هستم.

Confusing 'sugvār' with 'nārāhat' is a common B1-level slip. 'Nārāhat' can mean anything from 'annoyed' to 'uncomfortable' to 'sad'. If you want to show you understand the gravity of a death, 'sugvār' is the much better, more empathetic choice. Using 'nārāhat' for a death can sometimes sound too casual or insufficient in a formal Persian context.

اشتباه: او برای سگش سوگوار بود. (In traditional Persian, this is rare, though changing in modern urban contexts).

Lastly, pay attention to the register. 'Sugvār budan' is quite formal. In very casual conversation among friends, people might just say 'Dāre barāye bābāsh azādāri mikone' (He is doing mourning for his father). Using 'sugvār' in a very slangy sentence might feel slightly mismatched in terms of register.

To truly master the concept of mourning in Persian, it helps to compare سوگوار بودن with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning and is used in different contexts.

عزادار بودن (Azādār budan): This is the most common synonym. 'Azā' refers to the ritual of mourning. 'Azādār budan' focuses more on the participation in the rituals (wearing black, attending ceremonies), whereas 'sugvār budan' focuses more on the internal state of grief.
ماتم‌زده بودن (Mātam-zade budan): This is a very strong, poetic term. 'Mātam' means intense grief, and '-zade' means 'stricken'. This describes someone who is completely overwhelmed or devastated by grief.
مصیبت‌دیده (Mosibat-dide): Technically a noun/adjective meaning 'one who has seen calamity'. It is often used to refer to the survivors of a tragedy. 'Khānevāde-ye mosibat-dide' (the bereaved family).

او نه تنها سوگوار بود، بلکه تمام زندگی‌اش را نیز از دست داده بود.

If you want to describe a milder form of sadness, use ghamgin (sad) or del-tang (homesick/missing someone). If the grief is specifically about a romantic loss, mahzun (melancholy) is a beautiful literary alternative. However, none of these carry the specific 'death-related' weight of sugvār.

In modern contexts, you might also see dāghdar (having a brand/wound). 'Dāghdar budan' is a very visceral way to say someone is mourning, as it compares the loss of a loved one to a permanent burn or scar on the heart. It is very common in emotional newspaper headlines.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The most famous 'sug' in Persian history is 'Sug-e-Siavashan', an ancient mourning ritual for the legendary prince Siavash, which has influenced Persian mourning traditions for millennia.

발음 가이드

UK /suːɡvɒːr buːdæn/

US /suɡvɔːr budæn/

The stress in 'sugvār' is on the second syllable 'vār'. In 'budan', it is on the first syllable 'bu'.

라임이 맞는 단어

بیزار (bizār) بیدار (bidār) دیوار (divār) گرفتار (gereftār) ماندگار (māndegār) روزگار (ruzegār) غمخوار (ghamkhvār) هوشیار (hushyār)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'sug' like 'sug' (rhyming with rug) - it should be a long 'u' like 'soup'.
Missing the 'v' sound in 'vār'.
Putting stress on 'sug' instead of 'vār'.
Pronouncing 'budan' with a short 'u'.
Treating it as one word instead of two.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root 'sug' is known.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct conjugation of 'budan' and appropriate context.

말하기 4/5

Requires a somber tone and correct pronunciation of 'vār'.

듣기 3/5

Common in news and formal speeches.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

بودن غمگین مرگ خانواده ناراحت

다음에 배울 것

عزاداری تسلیت مراسم تراژدی ماتم

고급

سوگنامه مرثیه نوحه فقدان خسران

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verbs with 'Budan'

خوشحال بودن، نگران بودن، سوگوار بودن

Preposition 'Barāye'

او برای مادرش سوگوار است.

Subjunctive with 'Bāshad'

شاید او سوگوار باشد.

Past Continuous with 'Bud'

او داشت سوگواری می‌کرد (Related).

Adjective Suffix '-vār'

امیدوار، سوگوار، بزرگوار

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수준별 예문

او سوگوار است.

He is in mourning.

Simple present tense of 'budan'.

آن‌ها سوگوار هستند.

They are in mourning.

Plural subject with plural verb.

من سوگوار نیستم.

I am not in mourning.

Negative form of 'budan'.

آیا او سوگوار است؟

Is she in mourning?

Interrogative sentence.

مادر سوگوار بود.

The mother was in mourning.

Simple past tense.

ما سوگوار بودیم.

We were in mourning.

First person plural past.

چرا سوگوار هستی؟

Why are you in mourning?

Question word 'cherā'.

او برای دوستش سوگوار است.

He is mourning for his friend.

Using 'barāye' for the reason.

خانواده‌ی او برای پدربزرگ سوگوار هستند.

His family is in mourning for the grandfather.

Compound subject 'khānevāde-ye u'.

او هفته‌ی پیش سوگوار بود.

He was in mourning last week.

Time adverb 'hafte-ye pish'.

آن‌ها به خاطر مرگ گربه سوگوار بودند.

They were mourning because of the cat's death.

Using 'be khāter-e' (because of).

همه در مراسم سوگوار بودند.

Everyone was in mourning at the ceremony.

Indefinite pronoun 'hame'.

من می‌دانم که تو سوگوار هستی.

I know that you are in mourning.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

دوستم برای برادرش سوگوار بود.

My friend was mourning for his brother.

Possessive 'ash' suffix.

چند روز سوگوار بودید؟

How many days were you in mourning?

Question about duration.

او دیگر سوگوار نیست.

He is no longer in mourning.

Use of 'digar' (no longer).

تمام اهل محل برای درگذشت پیرمرد سوگوار بودند.

All the neighbors were mourning the old man's passing.

Formal subject 'ahl-e mahal'.

او هنوز برای از دست دادن همسرش سوگوار است.

She is still in mourning for the loss of her husband.

Adverb 'hanuz' (still).

اگر او سوگوار باشد، به مهمانی نمی‌آید.

If he is in mourning, he won't come to the party.

Conditional sentence with subjunctive 'bāshad'.

ما باید به خانه‌ی آن‌ها برویم چون سوگوار هستند.

We must go to their house because they are in mourning.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد در خانه بماند چون سوگوار است.

He prefers to stay at home because he is in mourning.

Reasoning with 'chon'.

آیا تمام کشور برای آن حادثه سوگوار بود؟

Was the whole country in mourning for that accident?

National scale context.

او برای مدتی طولانی سوگوار خواهد بود.

He will be in mourning for a long time.

Future tense 'khāhad bud'.

وقتی او را دیدم، هنوز سوگوار بود.

When I saw him, he was still in mourning.

Time clause with 'vaqti'.

ملت ایران برای از دست دادن این هنرمند بزرگ سوگوار است.

The Iranian nation is in mourning for the loss of this great artist.

Formal national context.

او با وجود اینکه سوگوار بود، به کارش ادامه داد.

Despite being in mourning, he continued his work.

Concession clause 'bā vojud-e inke'.

به نظر می‌رسد که او برای همیشه سوگوار خواهد ماند.

It seems that he will remain in mourning forever.

Verb 'māndan' used as a variant of 'budan'.

او نمی‌خواست کسی بداند که او سوگوار است.

He didn't want anyone to know that he was in mourning.

Complex sentence with nested clauses.

مراسمی برای کسانی که سوگوار هستند برگزار شد.

A ceremony was held for those who are in mourning.

Relative clause 'kasāni ke'.

او با لحنی سوگوارانه صحبت می‌کرد چون واقعاً سوگوار بود.

He was speaking in a mourning tone because he was truly in mourning.

Adverbial form 'sugvārāne'.

جامعه برای قربانیان جنگ سوگوار بوده است.

The society has been in mourning for the victims of the war.

Present perfect 'būde ast'.

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند درک کند که او چقدر سوگوار است.

No one can understand how much he is in mourning.

Intensifier 'cheqadr'.

ادبیات فارسی مملو از داستان‌هایی است که در آن قهرمانان برای عدالت سوگوار هستند.

Persian literature is full of stories in which heroes are mourning for justice.

Academic/Literary register.

او در خلوت خویش برای آرزوهای از دست رفته‌اش سوگوار بود.

In his solitude, he was mourning for his lost dreams.

Metaphorical usage.

نویسنده در این کتاب، جامعه‌ای را توصیف می‌کند که برای هویت خود سوگوار است.

The author in this book describes a society that is mourning for its identity.

Social commentary context.

گویی طبیعت نیز برای این فاجعه‌ی زیست‌محیطی سوگوار بود.

It was as if nature itself was in mourning for this environmental disaster.

Personification of nature.

او با قلبی سوگوار به تماشای ویرانه‌های شهر نشست.

With a mourning heart, he sat watching the ruins of the city.

Descriptive phrase 'bā qalbi sugvār'.

تاریخ‌نگاران بر این باورند که مردم برای سال‌ها سوگوارِ آن پادشاه بودند.

Historians believe that the people were in mourning for that king for years.

Historical analysis.

اشعار او بازتاب‌دهنده روحی است که همواره سوگوارِ حقیقت است.

His poems are reflective of a soul that is always mourning for the truth.

Philosophical register.

آن‌ها به جای اعتراض، ترجیح دادند در سکوت سوگوار باشند.

Instead of protesting, they preferred to be in mourning in silence.

Contrastive structure.

پدیدارشناسی سوگ نشان می‌دهد که چگونه سوگوار بودن می‌تواند ساختار زمان را برای فرد دگرگون کند.

The phenomenology of grief shows how being in mourning can transform the structure of time for an individual.

Academic/Philosophical discourse.

در تراژدی‌های کلاسیک، قهرمان اغلب برای تقدیری که گریزی از آن نیست سوگوار است.

In classical tragedies, the hero is often mourning for a fate that is inescapable.

Literary criticism.

او در میانه‌ی جمع می‌خندید، اما در اعماق وجودش برای اصالتِ از دست رفته سوگوار بود.

He laughed in the midst of the crowd, but in the depths of his being, he was mourning for lost authenticity.

Existential nuance.

این سمفونی به گونه‌ای تصنیف شده که گویی هر ساز برای نغمه‌ای گمشده سوگوار است.

This symphony was composed as if every instrument is mourning for a lost melody.

Musicology context.

سوگوار بودن در این فرهنگ، نه یک ضعف، بلکه پیوندی ناگسستنی با ریشه‌های تاریخی است.

Being in mourning in this culture is not a weakness, but an unbreakable link to historical roots.

Cultural theory.

او چنان سوگوار بود که گویی تمام کلمات جهان معنای خود را برایش از دست داده بودند.

He was so much in mourning as if all the words in the world had lost their meaning for him.

Hyperbolic literary expression.

روایت‌های مدرن اغلب بر این نکته تاکید دارند که سوگوار بودن فرآیندی بی‌پایان است.

Modern narratives often emphasize that being in mourning is an endless process.

Critical analysis.

تجلیِ سوگوار بودن در هنر ایرانی، ریشه در اسطوره‌هایی چون سوگ سیاوش دارد.

The manifestation of being in mourning in Iranian art is rooted in myths such as the mourning of Siavash.

Art history and mythology.

자주 쓰는 조합

عمیقاً سوگوار بودن

برای همیشه سوگوار بودن

ملتی سوگوار

قلباً سوگوار بودن

هنوز سوگوار بودن

سوگوارِ عزیز بودن

در سکوت سوگوار بودن

به شدت سوگوار بودن

خانواده‌ی سوگوار

چشمانی سوگوار

자주 쓰는 구문

سوگوارِ از دست دادن کسی بودن

— To be mourning the loss of someone.

او سوگوارِ از دست دادن برادرش بود.

جامعه سوگوار شد

— The society went into mourning.

با شنیدن خبر، جامعه سوگوار شد.

لباس سوگوار

— Mourning attire (usually black).

او لباس سوگوار بر تن داشت.

دلِ سوگوار

— A mourning heart.

دلِ سوگوار او آرام نمی‌گرفت.

روزهای سوگوار

— Days of mourning.

آن‌ها روزهای سوگواری را سپری کردند.

به جمع سوگواران پیوستن

— To join the mourners.

او نیز به جمع سوگواران پیوست.

اشک سوگوار

— Mourner's tears.

اشک سوگوار بر گونه‌هایش جاری بود.

خانه سوگوار بود

— The house was in mourning.

فضای خانه کاملاً سوگوار بود.

چهره‌ای سوگوار

— A mourning face.

او چهره‌ای سوگوار داشت.

برای ابد سوگوار بودن

— To be mourning forever.

او مدعی بود که برای ابد سوگوار خواهد بود.

자주 혼동되는 단어

سوگوار بودن vs غمگین بودن

General sadness vs. specific mourning for death.

سوگوار بودن vs ناراحت بودن

Upset/uncomfortable vs. deep grief.

سوگوار بودن vs عصبانی بودن

Angry vs. mourning (sometimes confused by beginners due to emotional intensity).

관용어 및 표현

"در سوگ نشستن"

— To start the period of mourning formally.

او در سوگ پدرش نشسته است.

Formal

"رختِ سوگ به تن کردن"

— To put on mourning clothes.

او رختِ سوگ به تن کرد.

Literary

"سیاه پوشیدن"

— To wear black (as a sign of mourning).

او برای مرگ عمویش سیاه پوشیده است.

Neutral

"صاحب‌عزا بودن"

— To be the host of the mourning ceremony (the primary bereaved).

او امروز صاحب‌عزا است.

Neutral

"داغ بر دل داشتن"

— To have a deep sorrow/wound in the heart.

او داغِ برادر بر دل دارد.

Poetic

"عزا گرفتن"

— Can mean to mourn, but colloquially means to worry intensely about a problem.

حالا برای این امتحان عزا گرفته‌ام!

Colloquial

"خاک بر سر ریختن"

— An old idiom for extreme mourning/despair.

از غصه خاک بر سر می‌ریخت.

Archaic/Dramatic

"اشک تمساح ریختن"

— To cry crocodile tears (fake mourning).

او فقط اشک تمساح می‌ریزد.

Slang

"کمر کسی شکستن"

— To be broken by a loss (the loss 'broke his back').

مرگ پسرش کمرش را شکست.

Emotional

"به عزا نشستن"

— Similar to 'dar sug neshastan'.

شهر به عزا نشست.

Formal

혼동하기 쉬운

سوگوار بودن vs سوگواری

Noun vs. Verb/Adjective

Sugvārī is the act or ceremony; Sugvār budan is the state.

مراسم سوگواری (Mourning ceremony) vs. او سوگوار است (He is mourning).

سوگوار بودن vs سوار

Visual similarity

Savār means 'riding' (e.g., a horse); Sugvār means 'mourning'.

او سوار اسب شد vs. او سوگوار بود.

سوگوار بودن vs سودآور

Phonetic similarity

Sud-āvar means 'profitable'.

این معامله سودآور است.

سوگوار بودن vs سزاوار

Suffix similarity

Sezāvār means 'deserving'.

او سزاوار پاداش است.

سوگوار بودن vs بزرگوار

Suffix similarity

Bozorgvār means 'magnanimous/noble'.

آن مرد بزرگوار به ما کمک کرد.

문장 패턴

[Subject] [sugvār] [budan].

من سوگوار هستم.

[Subject] barāye [Person] [sugvār] [budan].

او برای پدرش سوگوار است.

[Subject] hanuz [sugvār] [budan].

آن‌ها هنوز سوگوار هستند.

[Subject] bā vojud-e inke [sugvār] bud, [Action].

او با وجود اینکه سوگوار بود، خندید.

[Subject] guyi barāye [Concept] [sugvār] ast.

او گویی برای جوانی‌اش سوگوار است.

Tajalli-ye [sugvār budan] dar [Context]...

تجلی سوگوار بودن در این شعر مشهود است.

Cherā [Subject] [sugvār] hastid?

چرا شما سوگوار هستید؟

Hame-ye mardom [sugvār] shodand.

همه مردم سوگوار شدند.

어휘 가족

명사

سوگواری (sugvārī - mourning/ceremony)

سوگ (sug - grief)

سوگنامه (sugnāme - elegy/lamentation)

동사

سوگواری کردن (sugvārī kardan - to perform mourning rituals)

형용사

سوگوار (sugvār - mourning/bereaved)

سوگوارانه (sugvārāne - mournful)

사용법

frequency

Common in formal speech, literature, and news; less common in very casual slang.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'sugvār' for small problems. → Using 'nārāhat'.
'Sugvār' is only for death or major loss.
Saying 'Man sugvārī hastam'. → Man sugvār hastam.
'Sugvārī' is the noun (mourning), 'sugvār' is the adjective.
Using the preposition 'az' with 'sugvār'. → Using 'barāye'.
'Sugvār barāye kasi' is the standard pattern.
Pronouncing it as 'sogvār'. → Sugvār (long u).
The 'u' sound is long and deep.
Confusing 'sugvār' with 'savār'. → Sugvār.
'Savār' means riding; 'Sugvār' means mourning.

팁

Conjugation

Always focus on conjugating the 'budan' part. Sugvār stays the same.

Black Clothing

If someone says they are 'sugvār', expect them to be wearing black.

Poetic Use

Use it in your writing to add emotional depth.

Condolences

When someone is 'sugvār', the most common response is 'Tasliat migoyam'.

News Keywords

Listen for 'sugvār' when the TV background is black or has a candle.

Formal Tone

Use this word in formal essays about history or society.

The 'Sug' Root

Knowing 'Sug' helps you learn 'Sugvārī' and 'Sugnāme'.

Literature

Look for this word in the Shahnameh to see its ancient roots.

Tone Matters

Always speak this word slowly and with a serious expression.

Metaphor

Try using it for a 'lost opportunity' in a poetic way.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Sug' as 'Soul-Grief'. When you are 'Sug-vār', your soul is wearing ('vār') grief.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person in a black robe standing in a garden of black tulips. The person is 'sugvār'.

Word Web

Death Black clothes Grief Funeral Tears Forty days Family Loss

챌린지

Try to write three sentences about a historical event where a whole nation was 'sugvār budan'.

어원

Derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'sōg' or 'sōk', which means burning, grief, or sorrow. The concept relates grief to a 'burning' of the heart.

원래 의미: To be in a state of burning sorrow.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

문화적 맥락

Always use this word with a somber and respectful tone. Avoid using it jokingly as it can be offensive.

In English, 'to be in mourning' is the closest equivalent, though 'sugvār' feels more frequent in literary contexts than 'mourning' might in casual English.

The Tragedy of Siavash in Shahnameh Modern poems by Ahmad Shamlou The movie 'The Cow' (Gāv) by Dariush Mehrjui

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Funerals

تسلیت می‌گویم
غم آخرتان باشد
خدا بیامرزد
ما هم سوگواریم

National Tragedies

ایران سوگوار شد
عزای عمومی
پرچم‌های نیمه‌افراشته
فاجعه ملی

Literature

شخصیت سوگوار
در سوگ سیاوش
مرثیه‌سرایی
اشعار غم‌انگیز

Religious Events

سوگواری محرم
هیئت‌های عزاداری
شام غریبان
عاشورا

Personal Loss

هنوز تو سوگم
سیاه پوشیدن
چهلم
سالگرد

대화 시작하기

"آیا می‌دانستی که در ایران مردم تا چهل روز سوگوار هستند؟"

"وقتی کسی سوگوار است، بهترین جمله برای تسلیت چیست؟"

"چرا در ادبیات فارسی مفهوم سوگوار بودن اینقدر مهم است؟"

"آیا تا به حال برای از دست دادن یک حیوان خانگی سوگوار بوده‌ای؟"

"تفاوت بین سوگوار بودن و فقط غمگین بودن در چیست؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویسید که برای چیزی یا کسی سوگوار بودید و چگونه با آن کنار آمدید.

فکر می‌کنید چرا مراسم سوگواری برای انسان‌ها اهمیت دارد؟

توصیف کنید که یک شهر سوگوار چگونه به نظر می‌رسد.

اگر بخواهید به یک دوست سوگوار نامه بنویسید، چه می‌گویید؟

نقش رنگ سیاه در سوگوار بودن را در فرهنگ خودتان و ایران مقایسه کنید.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Primarily yes, but in literature and poetry, it can be used metaphorically for animals, nature, or even abstract concepts like 'freedom' or 'youth'.

It's usually too strong. Use 'ghamgin' or 'nārāhat' unless you want to be extremely dramatic or poetic.

Culturally, the intense period is 40 days, but legally or socially, it varies. The term can be used as long as the person feels the grief.

'Azādār' is more about the external rituals (wearing black, ceremonies), while 'sugvār' is more about the internal feeling of grief.

Yes, especially in formal contexts, news, and literature. Every Persian speaker knows it.

You say 'Man sugvār hastam' or 'Man azādār hastam'.

No, Persian adjectives and nouns do not have gender.

Extensively. It's the standard word for mourning the Imams in Shia Islam.

In modern, urban Iran, yes, but traditional speakers might find it a bit unusual.

There is no single direct opposite, but 'shād budan' (being happy) is the general opposite state.

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