稼働 30초 만에
- Refers to the operation of machines and systems.
- Used in industrial, technical, and business contexts.
- Often paired with 'rate' (稼働率) or 'time' (稼働時間).
- Distinct from human labor (働く) or specific mechanisms (作動).
The Japanese term 稼働 (かどう - Kadō) is a specialized noun that primarily describes the operational state of machinery, industrial plants, or computer systems. While the English word 'work' can apply to both humans and machines, Japanese distinguishes between them strictly. For humans, we use 働く (hataraku), but for the mechanical and digital world, 稼働 is the standard choice. It signifies that a system is not just 'on,' but is actively performing its intended function or processing tasks.
- Mechanical Context
- Refers to a factory line moving, a turbine spinning, or an engine running.
- Digital Context
- Refers to a server being online, a software process running in the background, or a database handling queries.
- Economic Context
- Refers to the utilization rate of production facilities, often seen as '稼働率' (operating rate).
"新しいサーバーは昨日から正常に稼働しています。" (The new server has been operating normally since yesterday.)
Understanding 稼働 requires recognizing the nuance of 'active productivity.' It is rarely used for simple household appliances like a toaster (where 使う or 動く is preferred) and is instead reserved for professional, industrial, or complex technological environments. It implies a sustained period of operation rather than a momentary action.
"工場の全ラインがフル稼働している。" (All factory lines are in full operation.)
The kanji themselves tell a story: 稼 (kase-gu) means to earn or produce income, and 働 (hatara-ku) means to work. Together, they suggest a 'work' that produces value or output, which is why it is so heavily linked to production and service availability. In a business report, seeing a high 稼働率 is a sign of efficiency and high demand.
"システムを稼働させる前に、最終チェックが必要です。" (A final check is necessary before putting the system into operation.)
In summary, 稼働 is the pulse of the industrial and digital world. It is the word you use when the gears are turning, the code is executing, and the value is being created by the tools we build.
Using 稼働 correctly involves understanding its role as a suru-verb (稼働する) and its common pairings with specific nouns. It is most frequently found in formal reports, technical manuals, and business meetings. You won't typically hear it in casual conversation about a microwave, but you will hear it regarding a company's cloud infrastructure.
- Verb Form: 稼働する
- Used to describe the act of starting or being in operation. Example: 'The machine is running' (機械が稼働している).
- Noun Form: 稼働
- Used to describe the state or rate. Example: 'Operating hours' (稼働時間).
"この発電所は50年以上も稼働し続けている。" (This power plant has continued to operate for over 50 years.)
One of the most critical phrases to learn is フル稼働 (furu-kadō), meaning 'operating at full capacity.' This is used when a factory is working overtime or a computer's CPU is being pushed to its limits. Conversely, when a system is scheduled to be offline, you might hear about 非稼働日 (hi-kadōbi) or non-operating days.
In the context of IT and software development, 稼働 is used during the 'Go-Live' phase. The transition from a testing environment to a production environment is often called 本番稼働 (honban-kadō). This is a high-stakes moment for any developer or project manager.
"新システムは来月から本番稼働の予定です。" (The new system is scheduled to go into production next month.)
Finally, pay attention to the particles. Usually, the subject (the machine or system) is followed by が or は. If you are the one starting the machine, you use を稼働させる (to make it operate/to start it up).
You will encounter 稼働 in several distinct environments, each with its own flavor of usage. It is a staple of the Japanese professional landscape, appearing in news broadcasts, corporate boardrooms, and engineering floors.
- In the News
- Reports on nuclear power plants (原発の再稼働 - restarting nuclear plants) or economic indicators regarding factory output.
- In the Office
- Discussions about server maintenance, software deployment, or the utilization of shared equipment.
- In Manufacturing
- Daily reports on whether assembly lines are running smoothly or if there is '稼働停止' (stoppage of operation).
"ニュース：本日、新型ロケットのエンジンが正常に稼働したことが確認されました。" (News: It was confirmed today that the new rocket's engine operated normally.)
The term 再稼働 (saikadō) is particularly common in Japanese political discourse, specifically referring to the restarting of nuclear reactors that were shut down after the 2011 earthquake. This makes the word part of a significant national conversation about energy and safety.
In the tech world, 'Uptime' is often translated as 稼働時間. If you are looking at a dashboard for a website's health, you will see percentages like '99.9% 稼働' indicating high reliability. In this sense, the word is synonymous with 'reliability' and 'availability' in a professional context.
"サーバーの稼働状況をリアルタイムで監視しています。" (We are monitoring the server's operational status in real-time.)
The most frequent error learners make with 稼働 is applying it to the wrong subject. Because English uses 'work' or 'run' for almost everything, it is easy to over-extend this Japanese term.
- Mistake 1: Using it for People
- Incorrect: 私は今日8時間稼働しました (I worked 8 hours today). Correct: 私は今日8時間働きました.
- Mistake 2: Using it for Simple Tools
- Incorrect: ペンが稼働しない (The pen isn't working). Correct: ペンが書けない or 壊れている.
- Mistake 3: Confusing with 作動 (Sadō)
- 作動 is for a specific mechanism or sensor 'triggering' or 'functioning' (like an alarm), while 稼働 is for continuous operation.
"❌ 彼は今、工場で稼働しています。" (He is operating at the factory - sounds like he is a machine.)
Another nuance is the difference between 稼働 (Kadō) and 運用 (Un'yō). While 稼働 is the state of the machine running, 運用 refers to the 'management' or 'operation' of a system by humans. For example, you 運用 (manage/operate) a fund or a network, but the hardware 稼働 (runs).
Finally, avoid using 稼働 for biological functions. You wouldn't say your heart is 稼働ing; you would use 動いている (moving/beating). Keep 稼働 strictly in the realm of industry, technology, and formal systems to sound natural.
Japanese has several words that translate to 'operation' or 'movement.' Choosing the right one is key to sounding like a native speaker. Let's compare 稼働 with its closest relatives.
- 作動 (Sadō)
- Focuses on the 'functioning' of a specific part or mechanism. Often used for sensors, brakes, or safety devices. 'The alarm functioned' = 警報が作動した.
- 動作 (Dōsa)
- Refers to the 'movement' or 'behavior' of a machine or a person. 'This software's behavior is slow' = このソフトの動作が重い.
- 運転 (Unten)
- Usually refers to 'driving' a vehicle or 'operating' a large piece of machinery that requires a human pilot. 'Operating a train' = 電車の運転.
- 運用 (Un'yō)
- Refers to the 'management' or 'administration' of a system or resource. 'Operating a website' = サイトの運用.
"ブレーキが正常に作動した。" (The brakes functioned normally - focus on the mechanism.)
The distinction between 稼働 and 作動 is the most common point of confusion. Think of 稼働 as the 'macro' state (the whole factory is running) and 作動 as the 'micro' action (the emergency switch worked). If you are talking about a business being 'open' or 'running,' you might also consider 営業 (Eigyō), which specifically refers to business operations and sales.
By mastering these subtle differences, you can describe technical situations with much higher precision. In a professional Japanese setting, using 稼働 when you mean 作動 might lead to slight confusion about whether you are talking about the whole system or just one part.
How Formal Is It?
난이도
알아야 할 문법
Suru-verbs
Compound nouns
Causative (させる)
Continuous state (〜ている)
Noun + 中 (during/in the middle of)
수준별 예문
この機械は稼働しています。
This machine is operating.
Simple present tense with 'shite imasu'.
工場は今、稼働していません。
The factory is not operating now.
Negative continuous form.
いつ稼働しますか？
When will it start operating?
Question form.
稼働時間は10時からです。
The operating hours are from 10 o'clock.
Noun compound: 稼働時間.
新しいロボットが稼働した。
The new robot started working.
Past tense.
稼働中のサインを見てください。
Please look at the 'In Operation' sign.
稼働中 means 'currently in operation'.
コンピューターが稼働する。
The computer operates.
Subject + ga + verb.
ここは稼働していますか？
Is this (place/machine) operating?
Polite question.
このサーバーは24時間稼働しています。
This server operates 24 hours a day.
Expressing continuous operation.
工場の稼働状況を確認します。
I will check the factory's operational status.
稼働状況 is a common business term.
古い機械を稼働させるのは難しい。
It is difficult to make the old machines operate.
Causative form: 稼働させる.
システムが正常に稼働し始めました。
The system has started operating normally.
Verb stem + hajimeru (to start).
明日は稼働日ではありません。
Tomorrow is not an operating day.
稼働日 refers to working/operating days.
稼働率を上げたいです。
I want to increase the operating rate.
稼働率 is a key KPI.
プリンターが稼働中なので待ってください。
The printer is in operation, so please wait.
Reasoning with ~node.
新しいラインが来週から稼働します。
The new line will operate from next week.
Future intent.
メンテナンスのため、一部の設備が稼働を停止しています。
Due to maintenance, some equipment has stopped operating.
稼働を停止する (to stop operation).
このシステムは、バックグラウンドで常に稼働している。
This system is always running in the background.
Adverb '常に' (always).
フル稼働で注文に対応しています。
We are handling orders by operating at full capacity.
フル稼働 (full operation).
稼働時間が長すぎると、故障の原因になります。
If the operating time is too long, it causes breakdowns.
Conditional ~to.
予定通りにシステムが本番稼働しました。
The system went into production as scheduled.
本番稼働 (going live/production).
非稼働日のスケジュールを教えてください。
Please tell me the schedule for non-operating days.
非稼働日 (non-operating day).
機械が稼働する音で、声が聞こえにくい。
It's hard to hear because of the sound of the machines operating.
Noun modification: 稼働する音.
サーバーの稼働時間を99%以上に保つ必要がある。
It is necessary to keep the server uptime above 99%.
保つ (to maintain/keep).
工場の稼働率が低下しており、対策が急務だ。
The factory's operating rate is declining, and countermeasures are urgent.
急務 (urgent task).
原発の再稼働を巡って、激しい議論が続いている。
Intense debate continues over the restarting of nuclear power plants.
再稼働 (restarting operation).
クラウド移行により、システムの安定稼働が実現した。
Cloud migration has achieved stable system operation.
安定稼働 (stable operation).
ピーク時の稼働状況をシミュレーションする。
We will simulate the operational status during peak times.
ピーク時 (peak time).
この設備は、20年前から休まず稼働し続けている。
This equipment has continued to operate without rest for 20 years.
休まず (without resting).
稼働監視ツールを導入して、トラブルを未然に防ぐ。
We will introduce an operation monitoring tool to prevent trouble.
未然に防ぐ (to prevent beforehand).
夜間稼働により、納期を短縮することが可能になった。
Nighttime operation made it possible to shorten delivery times.
夜間稼働 (night operation).
システムの稼働限界を見極める必要がある。
It is necessary to determine the operational limits of the system.
見極める (to see through/determine).
新工場の全面稼働により、生産能力は倍増する見込みだ。
With the full-scale operation of the new factory, production capacity is expected to double.
全面稼働 (full-scale operation).
不測の事態に備え、予備のサーバーを稼働状態で待機させる。
In preparation for unforeseen circumstances, standby servers are kept in an operational state.
不測の事態 (unforeseen circumstances).
エネルギー効率を最大化するため、稼働パターンを最適化する。
Optimize operation patterns to maximize energy efficiency.
最適化 (optimization).
稼働停止に伴う損失は、数億円に上ると推定される。
Losses associated with the stoppage of operation are estimated to reach several hundred million yen.
～に上る (to reach/amount to).
既存システムと新システムの並行稼働期間を設ける。
Establish a period of parallel operation for the existing and new systems.
並行稼働 (parallel operation).
設備の老朽化が、稼働率の低下を招いている。
The aging of equipment is leading to a decrease in the operating rate.
老朽化 (aging/deterioration).
自動化の進展により、無人での24時間稼働が実現した。
Advances in automation have made unmanned 24-hour operation a reality.
無人 (unmanned).
稼働実績に基づいて、次年度の予算を策定する。
Formulate next year's budget based on operational performance.
稼働実績 (operational track record).
インフラの安定稼働は、現代社会の存立基盤である。
The stable operation of infrastructure is the foundation of modern society's existence.
存立基盤 (foundation of existence).
稼働率の極限までの追求が、現場の疲弊を招く恐れがある。
The pursuit of operating rates to the limit may lead to exhaustion on the front lines.
～を招く恐れがある (fear of leading to...).
自律的に稼働するAIシステムが、倫理的な問いを投げかけている。
Autonomous AI systems are posing ethical questions.
自律的に (autonomously).
震災後の原発再稼働是非を巡る議論は、極めて政治的な色彩を帯びている。
The debate over the pros and cons of restarting nuclear plants after the earthquake is highly political.
色彩を帯びる (to take on a hue/character).
システムの冗長化を図り、いかなる状況下でも稼働を継続させる。
Aim for system redundancy to ensure continued operation under any circumstances.
冗長化 (redundancy).
グローバルサプライチェーンの稼働状況を俯瞰的に把握する。
Grasp the operational status of the global supply chain from a bird's-eye view.
俯瞰的に (from a bird's-eye view).
稼働データのビッグデータ解析により、故障の予兆を検知する。
Detect signs of failure through big data analysis of operational data.
予兆 (omen/sign).
持続可能な社会の実現には、資源の効率的な稼働が不可欠だ。
Efficient utilization of resources is essential for achieving a sustainable society.
不可欠 (indispensable).
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
자주 혼동되는 단어
Sadō is for specific triggers/mechanisms.
Dōsa is for behavior/movement.
Un'yō is for human management.
관용어 및 표현
혼동하기 쉬운
문장 패턴
사용법
Kadō implies a productive state.
Very high in business/tech.
- Using 稼働 for human work.
- Confusing 稼働 with 作動 (mechanism function).
- Using 稼働 for simple household items like a pen.
- Forgetting the long 'o' in pronunciation.
- Confusing 稼働 (state) with 運用 (management).
팁
Context is King
Always check if the subject is a machine or a person before using this word.
Use in Reports
Use 稼働率 to impress your boss with your knowledge of production metrics.
Suru-Verb
Remember it functions as both a noun and a verb with 'suru'.
Kanji Meaning
Think of 'Earning' + 'Working' to remember the industrial focus.
News Keywords
When you hear 'saikadō' on the news, it's almost always about nuclear power.
Professionalism
Using 稼働 instead of 動く makes you sound more technically proficient.
Uptime
Translate 'Uptime' as 稼働時間 in your technical documentation.
Not for People
Avoid using it for human labor to avoid sounding like you're talking about robots.
Compound Nouns
Look for 稼働 at the start of long compound words in manuals.
Social Issues
Understand that this word carries political weight in Japan regarding energy.
암기하기
어원
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
문화적 맥락
The word 'saikadō' is inseparable from the post-Fukushima energy debate.
Japan's history as a manufacturing powerhouse makes 'Kadō' a word associated with reliability and national strength.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"新しいシステムはもう稼働していますか？"
"工場の稼働率はどのくらいですか？"
"この機械、24時間稼働なんですか？"
"再稼働のニュース、どう思いますか？"
"サーバーの稼働状況を確認してもらえますか？"
일기 주제
If you were a machine, what would your 'furu-kadō' state look like?
Describe a time when a system you rely on stopped 'kadō'-ing.
Write about the importance of 'saikadō' in energy policy.
How do you maintain your own 'stable operation' (安定稼働) in life?
Imagine a factory of the future. How does it 'kadō'?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문Usually, you use 運転 (unten) for driving or 動く (ugoku) for the engine running. 稼働 is too formal for a personal car.
It means 'operating rate' or 'utilization rate,' showing how much a machine is used compared to its full capacity.
Yes, it is the standard term for a website being 'up' or 'live'.
停止 (teishi - stop) or 休止 (kyūshi - pause/suspension).
No, use 働いています (hataraite imasu) for humans.
It means operating at 100% capacity or full power.
Yes, very common in news, business, and technology.
It means 'restarting' operation, often used for power plants.
The kanji 'ka' (稼) means earning, so it often implies productive, value-generating work.
It is Heiban (flat), meaning the pitch stays level after the first syllable.
셀프 테스트 180 질문
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
稼働 is the professional term for 'uptime' and 'operation' in the mechanical and digital worlds. It signifies that a system is actively performing its role, whether it's a factory line or a web server.
- Refers to the operation of machines and systems.
- Used in industrial, technical, and business contexts.
- Often paired with 'rate' (稼働率) or 'time' (稼働時間).
- Distinct from human labor (働く) or specific mechanisms (作動).
Context is King
Always check if the subject is a machine or a person before using this word.
Use in Reports
Use 稼働率 to impress your boss with your knowledge of production metrics.
Suru-Verb
Remember it functions as both a noun and a verb with 'suru'.
Kanji Meaning
Think of 'Earning' + 'Working' to remember the industrial focus.
예시
工場が稼働しています。
관련 콘텐츠
Work 관련 단어
欠勤
A1결근. 정해진 근무일에 직장에 나가지 않음.
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交代
A1교대. 역할을 바꾸거나 순서대로 하는 것. 스포츠의 선수 교체나 직장의 교대 근무 등에 사용된다.
申請
A1관청이나 기관에 허가나 서비스 등을 공식적으로 요청하는 행위. 보통 서류 제출을 동반합니다.
協会
A1그는 한국어 교육 협회의 회원입니다.
理容師
A1이용사법에 따라 면허를 받고 이발과 면도 등의 서비스를 제공하는 전문가.
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大工
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