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B1 adjective 9분 분량

afhankelijk

예시 노트와 팁 afhankelijk 30초 만에
설명 afhankelijk in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express needs. You might use 'afhankelijk' in very simple sentences to say that you need something. For example, 'Ik ben afhankelijk van mijn moeder' (I am dependent on my mother). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex word order. Just remember that 'afhankelijk' means you need someone or something. You might hear it when people talk about the weather: 'Het is afhankelijk van de zon' (It depends on the sun). Focus on the basic meaning: reliance. You are learning that in Dutch, we don't just say 'I need', but sometimes we describe the relationship as being 'dependent'. It is a big word for a beginner, but very useful! You will mostly see it in simple descriptions of family or daily life. Try to remember the pair 'afhankelijk van' as one single block of meaning. This will help you avoid using the wrong preposition later on.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'afhankelijk' to describe more varied situations in your daily life. You can talk about your job, your hobbies, or your travel plans. For example, 'Mijn vakantie is afhankelijk van mijn werk' (My vacation depends on my work). You are starting to understand that 'afhankelijk' is an adjective and usually comes after the verb 'is' or 'zijn'. You can also begin to use the opposite word, 'onafhankelijk' (independent), to describe yourself or your country. At A2, you should practice using 'afhankelijk van' with different types of objects: people, things, and conditions. You might also notice that people say 'Dat hangt er van af' instead of 'Dat is afhankelijk'. Both are good to know! You are building the ability to express conditions—that one thing only happens if another thing happens first. This is a key step in moving from simple sentences to more connected speech.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'afhankelijk' with more precision and in more complex sentence structures. You should be able to discuss topics like financial independence, social systems, and professional dependencies. For example, you might discuss how 'Veel jongeren zijn financieel afhankelijk van hun ouders' (Many young people are financially dependent on their parents). You are now learning how to handle 'afhankelijk' in subordinate clauses, where the word order changes: 'Ik denk dat het succes van het project afhankelijk is van de planning.' You also start to use the noun form, 'afhankelijkheid'. You can participate in discussions about the environment or politics where this word frequently appears. You understand the nuance between being 'afhankelijk' (dependent) and 'verslaafd' (addicted). Your vocabulary is growing to include related terms like 'wederzijds afhankelijk' (interdependent). At B1, 'afhankelijk' becomes a tool for expressing nuance and complexity in your opinions.
At the B2 level, 'afhankelijk' is a standard part of your vocabulary for academic and professional contexts. You can use it to describe abstract concepts and systemic relationships. For instance, you might analyze how 'De stabiliteit van de regio is afhankelijk van internationale verdragen' (The stability of the region is dependent on international treaties). You are comfortable with the word order in all types of sentences and can use the word attributively ('de afhankelijke variabele' in a scientific context). You also recognize and use more formal synonyms like 'onderworpen aan' or 'aangewezen op' when appropriate. You can discuss the pros and cons of 'afhankelijkheid' in society, such as the dependency on technology or foreign energy. Your ability to use this word allows you to construct logical arguments and explain cause-and-effect relationships in detail. You are no longer just describing personal needs, but analyzing the world through the lens of interconnected dependencies.
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At the C1 level, you use 'afhankelijk' with the finesse of a near-native speaker. You understand the subtle emotional and rhetorical weight the word can carry. You might use it in a sophisticated essay to discuss 'de existentiële afhankelijkheid van de mens' (the existential dependency of humans). You are aware of the historical and cultural connotations of the word in Dutch society, particularly in relation to the 'verzorgingsstaat' (welfare state). You can use the word in complex idiomatic expressions and understand its role in legal and philosophical texts. Your usage is flawless, even in the most convoluted subordinate clauses. You can debate the nuances between 'functionele afhankelijkheid' and 'emotionele afhankelijkheid' without hesitation. For a C1 learner, 'afhankelijk' is not just a word, but a concept that you can manipulate to express precise, high-level thoughts. You also use it to create cohesion in long texts, linking ideas through their conditional relationships.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'afhankelijk' is complete. You use it instinctively and can appreciate its use in literature and high-level journalism. You can identify and use the word in all its morphological and syntactic variations. You might use it to describe intricate scientific phenomena or to critique complex political theories. You are sensitive to the rhythm of the sentence and might choose 'afhankelijk van' or 'afhangen van' based on the desired tone and flow of your speech. You can explore the etymological roots of the word and how they influence its current meaning. For you, 'afhankelijk' is a versatile instrument in your linguistic orchestra, used to convey the deepest levels of interdependence in the human experience, nature, and society. You can even use it ironically or metaphorically in ways that surprise and impress native speakers. Your understanding of 'afhankelijk' reflects a deep immersion in the Dutch language and culture.
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예시 노트와 팁

afhankelijk 30초 만에

  • Afhankelijk means 'dependent' and describes needing someone or something for support or to function.
  • It is almost always used with the preposition 'van' (dependent on).
  • It can describe financial, emotional, or logical dependencies in various contexts.
  • Commonly used to express conditions, like 'it depends on the weather'.

The Dutch word afhankelijk is a versatile adjective that translates most directly to 'dependent' in English. At its core, it describes a state where the existence, success, or function of one thing relies entirely on another. In the Dutch mindset, this word is deeply rooted in the physical concept of 'hanging' (hangen). When you are afhankelijk, you are metaphorically 'hanging off' something else. This word is ubiquitous in Dutch life, appearing in contexts ranging from weather forecasts to complex geopolitical discussions. It is almost always paired with the preposition van, creating the construction afhankelijk van (dependent on). Understanding this word is crucial because the Dutch value independence (onafhankelijkheid) highly, making the discussion of dependency a common social and political theme.

Functional Dependency
Used when a process cannot proceed without a specific condition. For example, 'The harvest is dependent on the rain.'
Financial Dependency
Used to describe relying on someone else for money, such as children relying on parents or a citizen relying on social benefits.
Emotional Dependency
Describes a relationship where one person relies on another for their psychological well-being or validation.

Succes is vaak afhankelijk van hard werken en een beetje geluk.

Success is often dependent on hard work and a little bit of luck.

In everyday Dutch conversation, you will hear this word used to qualify statements. If you ask a Dutch person if they are going to the beach tomorrow, they might reply, 'Dat is afhankelijk van het weer' (That depends on the weather). It serves as a linguistic tool for nuance, allowing the speaker to avoid making absolute commitments. Furthermore, in professional settings, it is used to describe project dependencies or supply chain reliance. For instance, a company might be 'afhankelijk van buitenlandse leveranciers' (dependent on foreign suppliers). This word bridges the gap between simple daily observations and complex academic or economic theories.

Wij zijn niet meer afhankelijk van fossiele brandstoffen.

Culturally, the concept of being 'afhankelijk' can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation in the Netherlands, as the Dutch culture prizes 'zelfstandigheid' (self-reliance). However, in a modern, interconnected world, the word is increasingly used to describe 'wederzijdse afhankelijkheid' (interdependence). This acknowledges that no person or nation is an island. Whether you are talking about a child's growth, a chemical reaction, or international trade, 'afhankelijk' is your go-to word for expressing that one thing hangs upon another. It is a foundational word for moving beyond simple sentences into more complex, conditional Dutch communication.

Using afhankelijk correctly requires a firm grasp of Dutch sentence structure, particularly when it involves the preposition van. As an adjective, it typically follows the verb zijn (to be) or functions as a predicate adjective. It does not change form (inflect) when it is used as a predicate adjective after a linking verb, which is its most common usage. For example, 'Zij is afhankelijk' remains the same whether the subject is masculine, feminine, or plural (Zij zijn afhankelijk). However, if you were to use it attributively before a noun, you would add an -e: 'een afhankelijke persoon'.

The 'Afhankelijk van' Construction
This is the most common way to use the word. The pattern is: [Subject] + [Verb] + afhankelijk + van + [Object]. Example: 'De prijs is afhankelijk van de vraag' (The price is dependent on the demand).
Subordinate Clauses
When 'afhankelijk' introduces a dependency on an action, we use 'afhankelijk van of' (dependent on whether). Example: 'Het is afhankelijk van of hij komt' (It depends on whether he is coming).

De uitslag is afhankelijk van jouw inzet.

The result is dependent on your effort.

One of the trickiest aspects for English speakers is the word order when additional information is added. In a main clause, 'afhankelijk' usually comes towards the end, but the 'van' phrase follows it immediately. If you are using it in a subordinate clause, the verb will move to the very end: 'Ik denk dat het van de situatie afhankelijk is.' Notice how 'afhankelijk' can sometimes split from 'van' in more complex structures, though keeping them together is generally safer for learners. This flexibility is a hallmark of Dutch syntax.

Kinderen zijn tot een bepaalde leeftijd volledig afhankelijk van hun ouders.

In formal writing, 'afhankelijk' is often used to establish conditions in legal or technical documents. 'De geldigheid van dit contract is afhankelijk van de ondertekening door beide partijen' (The validity of this contract is dependent on the signing by both parties). In informal speech, it is often shortened in thought: 'Afhankelijk van de prijs, koop ik het misschien' (Depending on the price, I might buy it). Even in these shortened forms, the logic of dependency remains clear. Mastery of this word allows you to express conditionality with precision, a key skill for reaching the B1 level and beyond.

You will encounter afhankelijk in almost every facet of Dutch life. On the evening news (het Journaal), journalists use it to describe political situations: 'De formatie is afhankelijk van de steun van de oppositie' (The coalition formation is dependent on the support of the opposition). In the world of finance, analysts talk about how the Dutch economy is 'afhankelijk van de export' (dependent on exports). It is a word of analysis and observation, used by experts to explain the 'why' and 'how' of world events.

'Het is afhankelijk van de omstandigheden,' zei de woordvoerder.

'It is dependent on the circumstances,' said the spokesperson.

In a more personal setting, you might hear a doctor or therapist use it. They might discuss 'medicijn-afhankelijkheid' (drug dependency) or how a patient's recovery is 'afhankelijk van rust' (dependent on rest). In schools, teachers tell students that their final grade is 'afhankelijk van het examen' (dependent on the exam). It is also a key term in social services, where discussions about 'afhankelijke ouderen' (dependent elderly) or 'financiële afhankelijkheid' (financial dependency) are common. This highlights the word's role in describing human vulnerability and the social safety net.

Finally, you will hear it in the workplace. Project managers frequently discuss 'afhankelijkheden' (dependencies) between different tasks in a project plan. If Task A cannot start until Task B is finished, Task A is 'afhankelijk van' Task B. This technical usage is identical to the English 'dependencies' in project management. Whether you are listening to a podcast about psychology, reading a business report, or just chatting with a neighbor about their garden's growth, 'afhankelijk' provides the necessary framework for talking about the interconnected nature of reality.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using afhankelijk is trying to use it as a verb. In English, we often say 'It depends.' A direct translation might lead a student to say *Het afhankelijk*, which is incorrect. In Dutch, 'afhankelijk' is an adjective, so it needs a linking verb like 'zijn'. The correct way to say 'It depends' using this word is 'Het is afhankelijk van...' or, more commonly in spoken Dutch, using the verb hangen in the phrase 'Dat hangt er van af'.

Preposition Errors
English speakers often want to use 'op' (on) because we say 'dependent on'. However, Dutch uses 'van'. Saying *afhankelijk op* is a classic 'Dunglish' mistake.
Confusion with 'Onafhankelijk'
Sometimes learners forget the 'on-' prefix when they mean 'independent', which completely flips the meaning of the sentence.

Fout: Ik ben afhankelijk op mijn ouders.
Goed: Ik ben afhankelijk van mijn ouders.

Another common error involves word order in subordinate clauses. Because 'afhankelijk' is an adjective, it behaves like other adjectives in the 'verb-final' environment of a Dutch sub-clause. A learner might say *Ik weet dat het is afhankelijk van de prijs*, but the correct order is 'Ik weet dat het van de prijs afhankelijk is'. Keeping the adjective and the prepositional phrase in their correct places is a sign of an advanced learner. Lastly, be careful not to confuse 'afhankelijk' with 'verslaafd' (addicted). While an addict is 'afhankelijk van' a substance, 'verslaafd' is the more common and specific word for addiction.

While afhankelijk is the most common word for dependency, Dutch offers several alternatives depending on the context and the 'register' (formality) of the conversation. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to choose the exact shade of meaning you intend.

Aangewezen op
This phrase is used when someone has no other choice but to rely on something. It implies a sense of necessity or being 'forced' into dependency. 'Wij zijn aangewezen op het openbaar vervoer' (We are reliant/dependent on public transport).
Gebonden aan
Literally 'bound to'. This is used when dependency is created by rules, contracts, or physical limitations. 'Ik ben gebonden aan mijn contract' (I am tied to my contract).
Onderworpen aan
A more formal term meaning 'subject to'. This is often used in legal or scientific contexts. 'Dit proces is onderworpen aan strikte regels' (This process is subject to strict rules).

Vergelijking:
1. Ik ben afhankelijk van hulp. (General dependency)
2. Ik ben aangewezen op hulp. (I have no other choice but to get help.)

In casual speech, the verb phrase afhangen van is often more natural than the adjective afhankelijk zijn van. For instance, 'Het hangt van de situatie af' sounds more conversational than 'Het is afhankelijk van de situatie'. Additionally, when discussing technology, you might encounter 'dependenties' (a direct loan from English), though 'afhankelijkheden' is the proper Dutch term. Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to emphasize the fact of the reliance (afhankelijk), the lack of choice (aangewezen op), or the formal obligation (gebonden aan).

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The physical image of 'hanging from something' is still very present in the Dutch logic of the word, which is why the preposition 'van' (from/of) is used.

발음 가이드

UK /ɑfˈɦɑŋkələk/
US /ɑfˈɦɑŋkələk/
The primary stress is on the second syllable: af-HAN-ke-lijk.
라임이 맞는 단어
toegankelijk ontvankelijk aanvankelijk vergankelijk onvergankelijk onafhankelijk verandelijk gemakkelijk
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing '-lijk' like 'like' instead of 'luk'.
  • Missing the 'h' sound in the middle.
  • Stressing the first syllable 'af' instead of the second 'han'.

난이도

독해 3/5

The word is long but follows standard Dutch spelling rules. Context usually makes it clear.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct preposition 'van' and understanding of word order in sub-clauses.

말하기 4/5

The pronunciation of '-lijk' as 'luk' is a common hurdle for beginners.

듣기 3/5

Easily recognized in slow speech, but can blend in fast conversation.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

hangen van
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수준별 예문

1

Ik ben afhankelijk van mijn fiets.

I am dependent on my bicycle.

Simple adjective use after 'ben'.

2

Ben jij afhankelijk van de bus?

Are you dependent on the bus?

Question form with 'afhankelijk'.

3

Het is afhankelijk van de dag.

It is dependent on the day.

'Het is' + adjective.

4

Wij zijn afhankelijk van water.

We are dependent on water.

Plural subject 'wij zijn'.

5

Zij is niet afhankelijk.

She is not dependent.

Negation with 'niet'.

6

Mijn hond is afhankelijk van mij.

My dog is dependent on me.

Possessive 'mijn' + subject.

7

Het eten is afhankelijk van de kok.

The food is dependent on the cook.

Noun + linking verb + adjective.

8

Is dat afhankelijk van de prijs?

Is that dependent on the price?

Interrogative sentence.

1

Mijn werk is afhankelijk van mijn computer.

My work is dependent on my computer.

A2 level vocabulary for work.

2

Het feest is afhankelijk van het weer.

The party is dependent on the weather.

Common conditional phrase.

3

Wij zijn afhankelijk van goede informatie.

We are dependent on good information.

Adjective + noun in the 'van' phrase.

4

Is het afhankelijk van hoe laat je komt?

Is it dependent on what time you come?

Dependency on a clause.

5

Zij zijn financieel afhankelijk van de bank.

They are financially dependent on the bank.

Use of an adverb (financieel) with the adjective.

6

De reis is afhankelijk van de trein.

The trip is dependent on the train.

Transportation context.

7

Het succes is afhankelijk van teamwork.

Success is dependent on teamwork.

Abstract noun as object.

8

Ik wil niet afhankelijk zijn van anderen.

I don't want to be dependent on others.

Modal verb 'willen' + infinitive 'zijn'.

1

De uitslag van het examen is afhankelijk van je score.

The result of the exam is dependent on your score.

B1 level academic context.

2

Veel landen zijn afhankelijk van toerisme.

Many countries are dependent on tourism.

Economic context.

3

Zijn besluit is afhankelijk van wat zij zegt.

His decision is dependent on what she says.

Dependency on a sub-clause.

4

We zijn steeds meer afhankelijk van technologie.

We are increasingly dependent on technology.

Use of 'steeds meer' (increasingly).

5

De plant is afhankelijk van voldoende zonlicht.

The plant is dependent on sufficient sunlight.

Biological context.

6

Onze toekomst is afhankelijk van innovatie.

Our future is dependent on innovation.

Abstract conceptual usage.

7

Zij is emotioneel erg afhankelijk van haar partner.

She is emotionally very dependent on her partner.

Psychological context.

8

De prijs is afhankelijk van de kwaliteit van het product.

The price is dependent on the quality of the product.

Compound 'van' phrase.

1

De economische groei is afhankelijk van de wereldmarkt.

Economic growth is dependent on the global market.

B2 level financial terminology.

2

Het beleid is afhankelijk van politieke steun.

The policy is dependent on political support.

Political context.

3

Het project is afhankelijk van externe financiering.

The project is dependent on external financing.

Professional project management.

4

De geldigheid is afhankelijk van de juiste documentatie.

The validity is dependent on the correct documentation.

Legal/formal context.

5

Zijn humeur is vaak afhankelijk van zijn omgeving.

His mood is often dependent on his environment.

Psychological observation.

6

De oogst is sterk afhankelijk van de neerslag.

The harvest is strongly dependent on the rainfall.

Intensifier 'sterk'.

7

Het succes van de missie is afhankelijk van de communicatie.

The success of the mission is dependent on the communication.

Complex noun phrase.

8

Wij zijn minder afhankelijk geworden van olie.

We have become less dependent on oil.

Present perfect with 'geworden'.

1

De interpretatie is afhankelijk van het culturele kader.

The interpretation is dependent on the cultural framework.

C1 level abstract analysis.

2

Het resultaat is afhankelijk van talloze variabelen.

The result is dependent on numerous variables.

Scientific/Statistical context.

3

Zijn overleven was afhankelijk van een snelle reactie.

His survival was dependent on a quick reaction.

Critical situation description.

4

De legitimiteit van de overheid is afhankelijk van het volk.

The legitimacy of the government is dependent on the people.

Political philosophy.

5

De betekenis is afhankelijk van de context waarin het wordt gebruikt.

The meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used.

Linguistic analysis.

6

Onze waarneming is afhankelijk van onze zintuigen.

Our perception is dependent on our senses.

Philosophical context.

7

De stabiliteit van het ecosysteem is afhankelijk van biodiversiteit.

The stability of the ecosystem is dependent on biodiversity.

Environmental science.

8

Het is afhankelijk van of de wet wordt aangenomen.

It is dependent on whether the law is passed.

Conditional clause with 'of'.

1

De ontplooiing van het individu is afhankelijk van maatschappelijke structuren.

The development of the individual is dependent on societal structures.

C2 level sociological discourse.

2

De artistieke expressie is afhankelijk van de tijdgeest.

Artistic expression is dependent on the spirit of the times.

Art history/Philosophy.

3

Het behoud van vrede is afhankelijk van fragiele diplomatieke balansen.

The maintenance of peace is dependent on fragile diplomatic balances.

Geopolitical nuance.

4

De effectiviteit van het medicijn is afhankelijk van de genetische dispositie.

The effectiveness of the medicine is dependent on the genetic disposition.

Medical science at a high level.

5

De soevereiniteit is afhankelijk van internationale erkenning.

Sovereignty is dependent on international recognition.

International law.

6

Onze morele keuzes zijn vaak afhankelijk van onbewuste processen.

Our moral choices are often dependent on unconscious processes.

Cognitive science/Ethics.

7

De relevantie van dit onderzoek is afhankelijk van de methodologische zuiverheid.

The relevance of this research is dependent on the methodological purity.

Academic rigor.

8

De cohesie van de groep is afhankelijk van onderling vertrouwen.

The cohesion of the group is dependent on mutual trust.

Social psychology.

자주 쓰는 조합

financieel afhankelijk
wederzijds afhankelijk
sterk afhankelijk
emotioneel afhankelijk
volledig afhankelijk
direct afhankelijk
wederkerig afhankelijk
afhankelijk van het weer
afhankelijk van de situatie
afhankelijk van de context

자주 쓰는 구문

Dat is afhankelijk van...

— Used to say that something depends on a specific factor.

Dat is afhankelijk van je budget.

Afhankelijk van of...

— Used when the dependency is on a 'yes/no' condition.

Afhankelijk van of het regent, gaan we wandelen.

Niet meer afhankelijk zijn

— To have achieved independence.

Ik ben eindelijk niet meer afhankelijk van mijn ouders.

Geheel afhankelijk

— Totally dependent.

Hij is geheel afhankelijk van zijn rolstoel.

Wederzijdse afhankelijkheid

— Interdependence between two parties.

Er is een wederzijdse afhankelijkheid tussen mens en natuur.

Een afhankelijke positie

— A position where one relies on others.

Zij bevindt zich in een afhankelijke positie.

Afhankelijk van de uitslag

— Depending on the result.

Afhankelijk van de uitslag vieren we feest.

Minder afhankelijk worden

— Becoming less reliant on something.

We moeten minder afhankelijk worden van gas.

Afhankelijk van de omstandigheden

— Depending on the circumstances.

De prijs varieert, afhankelijk van de omstandigheden.

Zich afhankelijk opstellen

— To take a dependent stance or attitude.

Hij stelt zich erg afhankelijk op in de relatie.

관용어 및 표현

"Aan iemands leiband lopen"

— To be completely controlled by or dependent on someone else.

Hij loopt aan de leiband van zijn baas.

informal
"Niet op eigen benen kunnen staan"

— To be unable to be independent or self-sufficient.

Zij kan nog niet op eigen benen staan.

neutral
"Iemands hand moeten ophouden"

— To be financially dependent on someone's charity or support.

Ik wil niet mijn hand moeten ophouden bij de staat.

informal
"Aan het infuus liggen"

— To be kept alive or functioning only by constant external support (metaphorical).

Dat bedrijf ligt al jaren aan het infuus van de overheid.

informal
"Onder iemands duim zitten"

— To be completely dependent on and controlled by someone.

Hij zit helemaal onder de duim van zijn vrouw.

informal
"De vlag dekt de lading niet"

— Used when the title or appearance (dependency) doesn't match the reality.

Hij zegt onafhankelijk te zijn, maar de vlag dekt de lading niet.

neutral
"Iemand de hand boven het hoofd houden"

— To protect someone who is dependent on you.

De leraar hield hem de hand boven het hoofd.

neutral
"Kind aan huis zijn"

— To be so dependent or frequent in a place that you are like family.

Hij is kind aan huis bij de buren.

informal
"Op iemands zak teren"

— To live at someone else's expense.

Hij teert al jaren op de zak van zijn ouders.

informal
"In iemands schaduw staan"

— To be dependent on someone else's fame or success.

De assistent staat altijd in de schaduw van de professor.

neutral

어휘 가족

명사

afhankelijkheid (dependency)
onafhankelijkheid (independence)
afhankelijke (dependent person)

동사

afhangen (to depend)
ophangen (to hang up)
samenhangen (to be coherent)

형용사

afhankelijk (dependent)
onafhankelijk (independent)
aanvankelijk (initial)

관련

hangen (to hang)
verband (connection)
verslaafd (addicted)
zelfstandig (independent)
hulpbehoevend (needing help)
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암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'hanger' hanging 'off' a rack. The hanger is 'af-hang-lijk' on the rack. It cannot stay up without it.

시각적 연상

Imagine a child holding their parent's hand while walking. The child is 'hanging' onto the parent for support.

Word Web

af- (prefix) hangen (verb) -lijk (suffix) van (preposition) on- (prefix for opposite) zelfstandig (synonym) verslaafd (extreme) verbonden (related)

챌린지

Try to write three sentences about your life using 'afhankelijk van'. One about money, one about weather, and one about your job.

어원

From the Dutch prefix 'af-' (off/down) and the verb 'hangen' (to hang), plus the suffix '-lijk' (like/-ly).

원래 의미: Literally 'hanging off' or 'hanging from'.

Germanic, related to German 'abhängig'.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when calling an adult 'afhankelijk' as it can imply they are not mature or capable of taking care of themselves.

English speakers often say 'It depends' as a full sentence. In Dutch, you must say 'Dat hangt er van af' or 'Dat is afhankelijk van...'.

The Dutch Declaration of Independence (Plakkaat van Verlatinghe) is about becoming 'onafhankelijk'. Dutch songs often use 'afhankelijk' to describe romantic longing. Legal documents in the EU often use 'afhankelijk' to describe trade relations.
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