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A2 verb 14분 분량

azulejar

예시
설명 azulejar in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, learners are introduced to basic vocabulary related to the house, rooms, and daily life. The word azulejar might seem a bit specific for absolute beginners, but it is easily understood when connected to the noun 'azulejo', which means tile. Beginners learn this word when studying how to describe their homes, specifically the bathroom (banheiro/casa de banho) and the kitchen (cozinha). At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word and understanding its literal meaning: putting tiles on a wall. Teachers often use pictures of colorful Portuguese tiles to explain the concept visually, making it a memorable cultural lesson as well. Students at the A1 level will mostly encounter azulejar in the present tense or as an infinitive. For example, a simple sentence would be 'Eu quero azulejar a cozinha' (I want to tile the kitchen). They learn to associate the verb with basic colors and rooms, such as 'azulejar com azul' (to tile with blue). By learning azulejar early on, beginners gain a small window into the importance of ceramics in Portuguese-speaking cultures, setting the stage for more complex descriptions of architecture and home life in later levels. The conjugation is regular, which is a relief for beginners, as they can easily apply the standard -ar verb endings they have already memorized: eu azulejo, você azuleja, nós azulejamos.
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At the A2 elementary level, learners begin to talk about their past experiences and future plans, making azulejar a highly practical verb for discussing home renovations or describing places they have visited. At this stage, students can use the past tense (perfeito) to say 'Eu azulejei o banheiro' (I tiled the bathroom) or the future with 'ir' to say 'Vou azulejar a parede' (I am going to tile the wall). The vocabulary expands to include basic construction terms like parede (wall), chão (floor), and pedreiro (bricklayer/contractor). Learners also start to understand the cultural significance of the word, especially if they are studying European Portuguese, where the azulejo is a national symbol. They might read simple texts about tourism in Lisbon or Porto, where the verb is used to describe how historic buildings were decorated. A2 learners are taught to use prepositions with the verb, such as 'azulejar com' (to tile with), allowing them to specify materials. They also practice the passive voice in a simplified manner, recognizing phrases like 'a casa é azulejada' (the house is tiled). This helps them describe pictures or real-life locations more accurately, moving beyond basic nouns to describe the state and decoration of a building.
At the B1 intermediate level, the usage of azulejar becomes more sophisticated and nuanced. Learners are now expected to express opinions, describe processes, and handle practical situations, such as talking to a contractor or shopping for materials. They can use the verb in conditional tenses to express hypothetical situations: 'Eu azulejaria a cozinha se tivesse dinheiro' (I would tile the kitchen if I had money). At this level, students learn the difference between azulejar and similar verbs like revestir (to cover/coat) or pavimentar (to pave), understanding that azulejar is specifically for ceramic tiles on walls or floors. The cultural context deepens significantly. B1 students might read articles or watch videos about the history of Moorish influence on Iberian architecture, where the origins of the word (from the Arabic 'al-zulayj') are discussed. They practice using the passive voice more actively: 'O palácio foi azulejado no século XVIII' (The palace was tiled in the 18th century). Furthermore, learners begin to encounter the word in broader contexts, such as urban planning or art history. They can write short essays or participate in discussions about whether traditional methods of tiling should be preserved in modern architecture, using azulejar confidently alongside a wider vocabulary of design and construction.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, learners have a strong command of the language and can use azulejar with high precision in complex sentences. They are comfortable discussing detailed DIY projects, architectural styles, and historical restorations. At this stage, students can easily navigate conversations with native-speaking professionals (like architects or builders), understanding technical jargon related to the process of tiling, such as argamassa (mortar), rejunte (grout), and nivelamento (leveling). They use advanced grammar structures, including the subjunctive mood, to express necessity or emotion: 'É importante que eles azulejem a área molhada corretamente' (It is important that they tile the wet area correctly). B2 learners also explore the metaphorical or literary uses of the word, although rare, understanding how an author might use the imagery of tiling to describe piecing together a story or covering up a flaw. They can read and comprehend authentic materials, such as historical plaques on monuments in Portugal or Brazil, which describe when and how a structure was azulejada. The focus is on fluency, correct prepositional usage, and the ability to debate the aesthetic and practical merits of azulejar a space versus using alternative modern materials like microcement or wallpaper.
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At the C1 advanced level, learners possess a near-native understanding of azulejar, utilizing it effortlessly across a wide range of formal and informal contexts. They can engage in deep, analytical discussions about the socio-economic impact of the ceramics industry in Portugal or the historical evolution of tile design from the Mudéjar style to contemporary art. C1 students can read complex academic texts, architectural critiques, and literature where the verb might be used to describe intricate restoration processes of heritage sites. They are fully aware of the subtle regional differences in how the word is used between Portugal, Brazil, and other Lusophone countries. Grammatically, they manipulate the verb flawlessly in all tenses, including compound tenses and the personal infinitive: 'O fato de eles terem azulejado a fachada mudou a térmica do edifício' (The fact that they tiled the facade changed the thermal dynamics of the building). At this level, learners also recognize and can produce idiomatic expressions or creative phrasings involving the root word 'azulejo'. Their vocabulary encompasses highly specific technical terms related to the craft, allowing them to translate or interpret specialized documents, such as construction manuals or historical archive records detailing the commissioning of tile work by historical figures.
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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's grasp of azulejar goes beyond mere definition and grammar; it encompasses a profound cultural, historical, and linguistic mastery. A C2 speaker understands the etymological journey of the word from Arabic to Portuguese and can discuss how this linguistic evolution mirrors the architectural history of the Iberian Peninsula. They can read centuries-old texts, poetry, and advanced academic treatises where the verb is used, appreciating the stylistic choices of the author. At this pinnacle of language learning, the speaker can effortlessly switch between the highly technical jargon of a master artisan (mestre azulejador) explaining the chemical properties of the glaze, to a poetic description of sunlight reflecting off a newly tiled Lisbon street. They can write compelling essays or deliver professional presentations on the preservation of azulejaria, arguing for or against modern techniques of restoration. The grammar is impeccable, with instinctive use of the passive voice, subjunctive nuances, and complex sentence structures that native scholars would use. For a C2 learner, azulejar is not just a verb meaning 'to tile'; it is a linguistic artifact that encapsulates the history, art, and daily life of the Portuguese-speaking world, and they wield it with absolute authority and elegance.
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예시
The Portuguese verb azulejar is a highly specific and culturally rich term that translates directly to the English action of tiling a surface, specifically using ceramic tiles known as azulejos. To truly understand what it means and when people use it, one must look beyond the simple act of construction and delve into the architectural soul of Portuguese-speaking countries. When someone decides to azulejar a wall, a bathroom, a kitchen, or even the entire facade of a building, they are engaging in a practice that has defined Iberian architecture for centuries. The word is most commonly used in the context of home renovation, construction, and interior design. For instance, if you are remodeling your house, you might hire a professional to azulejar the shower area to prevent water damage.

Eles decidiram azulejar a cozinha inteira com padrões geométricos tradicionais.

In everyday conversation, homeowners, contractors, and decorators use this verb to describe the application of tiles to protect surfaces from moisture and wear, while simultaneously adding aesthetic value. The process to azulejar requires specific tools, including mortar, a trowel, spacers, and grout, making it a specialized skill often left to professionals known as azulejadores.
Literal Meaning
To cover or decorate a surface, usually a wall or floor, with ceramic tiles.
You will frequently hear this word during discussions about property maintenance, especially in older homes where the original tiles might need to be replaced or restored. Beyond the practical application, to azulejar is to embrace a form of artistic expression.

Foi necessário azulejar o pátio para evitar infiltrações de água durante o inverno.

In historical contexts, the verb describes the monumental efforts of artisans who covered palaces, churches, and train stations with intricate, hand-painted tiles that tell stories of maritime discoveries, religious events, and daily life. The verb is regular, ending in -ar, making it relatively easy for learners to conjugate. However, its usage is heavily tied to specific nouns like parede (wall), chão (floor), casa de banho (bathroom), and piscina (pool).
Cultural Context
In Portugal, azulejar is not just construction; it is the continuation of a national heritage that dates back to Moorish influences.
When people use this word, they are communicating a permanent, durable, and often decorative change to a physical space. It is a word that bridges the gap between manual labor and artistic endeavor.

O mestre de obras vai azulejar a fachada do prédio amanhã de manhã.

Furthermore, the economic impact of the ceramics industry in Portuguese-speaking regions means that the act to azulejar supports a vast network of manufacturers, designers, and tradespeople. Whether you are watching a modern home makeover show or reading a historical text about the construction of a 18th-century manor, the verb remains a constant presence. Understanding when to use this word helps learners communicate effectively about their living environments, express preferences in interior design, and appreciate the architectural beauty that characterizes so much of the Lusophone world.
Practical Usage
Use it when hiring contractors, buying materials at a hardware store, or describing the features of a home you want to rent or buy.

Nós vamos azulejar o banheiro com peças azuis e brancas.

Para proteger contra a umidade, é melhor azulejar toda a área do chuveiro.

In summary, azulejar is an essential vocabulary word for anyone looking to navigate the practicalities of housing and the rich cultural tapestry of Portuguese-speaking societies.
Using the verb azulejar correctly in sentences requires an understanding of its grammatical structure, common prepositions, and typical contexts. As a regular verb ending in -ar, it follows the standard conjugation patterns for Portuguese verbs, making it accessible even for beginners once they learn the basic rules. In the present tense, you would say 'eu azulejo' (I tile), 'tu azulejas' (you tile), 'ele/ela azuleja' (he/she tiles), 'nós azulejamos' (we tile), and 'eles/elas azulejam' (they tile).

Eu azulejo a parede com muito cuidado para não quebrar as peças.

When constructing sentences, azulejar is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. You cannot simply say 'eu azulejo' without context; you must specify what is being tiled, such as 'azulejar a cozinha' (to tile the kitchen) or 'azulejar o chão' (to tile the floor).
Direct Objects
Always pair the verb with the surface or room being tiled, such as a parede, o banheiro, or a piscina.
Additionally, you will often use prepositions to provide more detail about the materials being used. The most common preposition used with this verb is 'com' (with), followed by the specific type of tile. For example, 'azulejar com cerâmica' (to tile with ceramic) or 'azulejar com pastilhas' (to tile with mosaic tiles).

Eles vão azulejar o banheiro com cerâmica importada da Itália.

Another important grammatical structure is the passive voice, which is extremely common when describing buildings or rooms that have already been tiled. In this case, you use the auxiliary verb 'ser' (to be) or 'estar' (to be) followed by the past participle 'azulejado' (for masculine singular objects) or 'azulejada' (for feminine singular objects).

A igreja foi azulejada no século dezoito com cenas bíblicas.

You can also use the verb in the future tense to discuss upcoming renovation plans. 'Nós vamos azulejar' (We are going to tile) is a common construction using the auxiliary verb 'ir' plus the infinitive. This is often heard in conversations between homeowners and contractors discussing the timeline of a project.
Future Plans
Use the structure 'ir + azulejar' to talk about future renovations easily without needing complex future conjugations.
When giving instructions or commands, the imperative form is used. For example, a supervisor on a construction site might tell a worker, 'Azuleje esta parede primeiro' (Tile this wall first).

Por favor, azuleje a área ao redor da pia antes de instalar os armários.

It is also useful to know how to form negative sentences. Simply place the word 'não' before the verb: 'Não vamos azulejar o teto' (We are not going to tile the ceiling).
Continuous Action
In Portugal, the continuous action is often expressed as 'estar a azulejar', while in Brazil it is 'estar azulejando'.

Os pedreiros estão a azulejar a nova estação de metrô.

Mastering these sentence structures will allow you to fluently discuss construction, art, and home improvement in Portuguese, ensuring your intended meaning is always perfectly clear to native speakers.
The verb azulejar is not a word confined to dusty dictionaries; it is a vibrant, active part of the daily vocabulary in Portuguese-speaking countries, echoing through various layers of society. You will actually hear this word in a multitude of real-world contexts, ranging from the gritty reality of construction sites to the refined halls of architectural academia. First and foremost, the most common place to hear azulejar is during home renovations. If you walk into a Leroy Merlin or any local materials de construção (hardware store) in Brazil or Portugal, you will hear customers and staff discussing the best materials to azulejar a space.

Fui à loja comprar argamassa para azulejar a lavanderia.

Homeowners debate whether to azulejar the entire bathroom or just the shower enclosure, weighing costs and aesthetics. Contractors, known as empreiteiros or pedreiros, use the word constantly when providing quotes, scheduling work, and directing their teams.
Construction Sites
This is the primary domain of the word. Workers discuss techniques, timelines, and materials needed for tiling.
Another prevalent arena for this word is in the booming market of real estate and property television shows. Programs focusing on buying, selling, and remodeling homes frequently feature hosts and designers talking about their plans to modernize a property. They might suggest that choosing to azulejar a kitchen backsplash with a trendy pattern will increase the home's market value.

No programa de TV, o designer decidiu azulejar a parede com cores vibrantes.

Beyond the practical and commercial, you will hear azulejar in cultural and historical contexts, particularly in Portugal. Tour guides walking groups through the historic streets of Lisbon, Porto, or Sintra use the word when explaining the history of the magnificent buildings adorned with blue and white tiles. They will narrate how a specific king ordered workers to azulejar a palace courtyard to reflect his wealth and power.
Tourism and History
Used extensively by guides and historians to describe the traditional Portuguese art of tile-making and building decoration.

O rei mandou azulejar o claustro do mosteiro com cenas de batalhas.

In the digital age, the word has found a new home on platforms like YouTube and Instagram, where DIY (Do It Yourself) culture thrives. Content creators post tutorials on how to azulejar a small space on a budget, sharing tips on mixing grout and cutting tiles. These videos are incredibly popular and serve as a modern, accessible way for people to engage with the vocabulary of construction.
DIY and Social Media
A frequent search term and topic for home improvement influencers and bloggers sharing step-by-step guides.

Assisti a um tutorial online sobre como azulejar a churrasqueira.

Finally, you might encounter the word in literature and academic writing concerning architecture and urban planning. Scholars analyze the decision to azulejar public spaces as a reflection of urban identity and climate adaptation, given that tiles help keep buildings cool in hot climates. In all these spaces, from the hardware store aisle to the historical tour, azulejar is a word that builds the physical and cultural environment of the Portuguese language.

O arquiteto propôs azulejar a fachada para melhorar o isolamento térmico.

When learning the verb azulejar, English speakers and other learners of Portuguese often stumble upon a few predictable pitfalls. Understanding these common mistakes can significantly accelerate your fluency and prevent confusing situations, especially when dealing with contractors or discussing home improvements. The most frequent error is confusing azulejar with other verbs related to covering surfaces, primarily because English often uses the blanket term 'to tile' for various materials.
Material Confusion
Azulejar strictly applies to ceramic or porcelain tiles used on walls or floors. It does not apply to roofing tiles.

É um erro dizer que vai azulejar o telhado; o correto é telhar.

For example, if you want to put tiles on a roof, the correct verb is 'telhar' (from telha, meaning roof tile). Using azulejar for a roof would sound comical to a native speaker, implying you are gluing bathroom ceramics to the top of your house. Similarly, if you are laying down wooden floors or carpets, you would not use azulejar; instead, you might use 'revestir' (to cover/coat) or 'acarpetar' (to carpet). Another common grammatical mistake involves the past participle used in the passive voice. Because azulejar is a regular verb, its past participle is azulejado. However, learners often forget that when used as an adjective or in the passive voice with the verbs ser or estar, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

As paredes foram azulejadas com perfeição.

Saying 'a parede foi azulejado' is incorrect because 'parede' is feminine; it must be 'a parede foi azulejada'.
Gender Agreement
Always check if the noun being tiled is masculine (o chão) or feminine (a parede) and adjust the ending of azulejado/a accordingly.
Pronunciation also poses a slight challenge. The letter 'z' in Portuguese is pronounced similarly to English, but the 'j' in azulejar makes a soft 'zh' sound, much like the 's' in the English word 'measure' or the 'j' in the French word 'jour'. English speakers sometimes mistakenly pronounce the 'j' with a hard 'dzh' sound as in 'judge', which sounds unnatural.

O pedreiro sabe como azulejar sem deixar bolhas de ar.

Pronunciation Error
Avoid the hard English 'j' sound. Practice the soft 'zh' sound to sound more like a native speaker.
Furthermore, learners sometimes overuse the verb when a more general term would be better. While azulejar is perfect for specifying the installation of ceramic tiles, if you are talking about general renovations, using verbs like 'reformar' (to renovate) or 'remodelar' (to remodel) might be more appropriate for the broader context.

Antes de azulejar, é preciso nivelar bem o contrapiso.

Lastly, a minor but notable mistake is using the wrong preposition. When saying what material you are using, you should say 'azulejar com' (to tile with), not 'azulejar por' or 'azulejar de'. By paying attention to these common pitfalls regarding material specificity, gender agreement, pronunciation, and prepositions, you will use azulejar with the confidence and accuracy of a seasoned native speaker.

Eles preferem azulejar com materiais sustentáveis.

While azulejar is the most precise and culturally evocative verb for applying ceramic tiles, the Portuguese language offers a rich vocabulary of similar words and alternatives that can be used depending on the specific context, material, or regional preference. Expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives will allow you to describe construction and decoration with greater nuance and accuracy. The most direct synonym, often used interchangeably in Brazil, is 'ladrilhar'.
Ladrilhar
To tile, specifically using 'ladrilhos', which are often hydraulic or cement tiles rather than glazed ceramics.

Em vez de azulejar, eles decidiram ladrilhar o chão da varanda com piso hidráulico.

While azulejar specifically invokes the glazed, often blue-tinted azulejo, ladrilhar is frequently used for floor tiles (ladrilhos) that might be made of cement, terracotta, or other unglazed materials. Another incredibly useful and broader alternative is 'revestir'. Revestir means to cover, coat, or clad a surface. You can 'revestir uma parede com madeira' (cover a wall with wood) or 'revestir com pedra' (cover with stone).
Revestir
A hypernym for azulejar. It encompasses tiling, wood paneling, wallpapering, and stone cladding.

O projeto exige revestir a fachada antes de pensar em azulejar os interiores.

When talking specifically about floors and the outdoors, you might encounter the verb 'pavimentar' (to pave). While you would azulejar a bathroom wall, you would pavimentar a driveway or a street. Pavimentar implies laying down a solid, durable surface meant for heavy foot or vehicle traffic, usually using concrete, asphalt, or heavy stone pavers.

A prefeitura vai pavimentar a rua, e os moradores vão azulejar os muros de suas casas.

Another colloquial alternative used on construction sites is 'assentar'. Assentar literally means to seat or to lay down, and it is widely used with the noun 'piso' (floor) or 'cerâmica' (ceramic). A contractor might say 'Vou assentar a cerâmica hoje' (I am going to lay the ceramic today), which means exactly the same thing as 'Vou azulejar hoje' but focuses on the physical action of setting the tiles into the mortar.
Assentar
Focuses on the technical action of placing a building material firmly into its binding agent, like mortar or cement.

O pedreiro demorou três dias para assentar o piso e azulejar as paredes.

Lastly, if the focus is purely aesthetic, one might use the verb 'decorar' (to decorate). While not a direct synonym for the physical labor of tiling, azulejar is often done with the intent to decorar. By understanding the subtle differences between azulejar, ladrilhar, revestir, pavimentar, and assentar, you elevate your Portuguese from basic comprehension to a fluent, precise command of the language, capable of navigating any conversation about architecture, design, and construction.

Decidimos azulejar a área da piscina para revestir e proteger a estrutura contra a água.

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수준별 예문

1

Eu quero azulejar o banheiro.

I want to tile the bathroom.

Uses the infinitive form after the verb 'querer' (to want).

2

Nós vamos azulejar a cozinha.

We are going to tile the kitchen.

Future tense using 'ir' (vamos) + infinitive (azulejar).

3

Ele azuleja a parede.

He tiles the wall.

Present tense, third person singular of a regular -ar verb.

4

Você sabe azulejar?

Do you know how to tile?

Using 'saber' (to know how) followed by the infinitive.

5

A casa tem uma parede azulejada.

The house has a tiled wall.

Using the past participle 'azulejada' as an adjective agreeing with 'parede' (feminine).

6

Eles azulejam o chão de azul.

They tile the floor in blue.

Present tense, third person plural.

7

Eu não gosto de azulejar.

I do not like to tile.

Negative sentence with the verb 'gostar de' (to like to).

8

Vamos azulejar a piscina amanhã.

Let's tile the pool tomorrow.

Using 'vamos' as a suggestion/imperative for 'let us'.

1

Ontem, o pedreiro azulejou o meu banheiro.

Yesterday, the bricklayer tiled my bathroom.

Pretérito perfeito (simple past) for a completed action.

2

Nós azulejamos a parede com peças brancas.

We tiled the wall with white pieces.

Pretérito perfeito, first person plural.

3

Ela vai azulejar a cozinha na próxima semana.

She is going to tile the kitchen next week.

Future phrase indicating a planned action.

4

A igreja foi azulejada há muitos anos.

The church was tiled many years ago.

Passive voice in the past tense.

5

Você já azulejou alguma casa antes?

Have you ever tiled a house before?

Using 'já' (already/ever) with the simple past to ask about experience.

6

Eles não azulejaram o chão, apenas as paredes.

They didn't tile the floor, only the walls.

Negative sentence in the simple past.

7

Para azulejar bem, você precisa de argamassa.

To tile well, you need mortar.

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