disfuncional 30초 만에
- Disfuncional: not functioning properly.
- Applies to systems, families, relationships, behavior.
- Implies problems, inefficiencies, or unhealthy dynamics.
- Similar to 'malfunctioning' or 'defective'.
The Portuguese word disfuncional, an adjective, describes something that is not functioning correctly or as it should. It's often used in contexts where a system, an organization, or even a group of people are not operating in a normal, healthy, or effective way. Think of it as something being 'out of order' or 'malfunctioning,' but often with a more nuanced implication of not meeting expected standards or norms of operation. For example, a machine that is broken is malfunctioning, but a family that has persistent communication problems or unhealthy dynamics might be described as disfuncional.
- Common Usage
- It can apply to various systems: a disfuncional family (família disfuncional), a disfuncional government (governo disfuncional), a disfuncional relationship (relacionamento disfuncional), or even a disfuncional economic system (sistema econômico disfuncional).
- Beyond Literal Malfunction
- While it can refer to a literal breakdown, it often implies a deeper, more systemic issue where the parts of a whole are not working together harmoniously, leading to negative outcomes or a failure to achieve its intended purpose. It suggests a deviation from an ideal or healthy state of operation.
A família tentou buscar ajuda profissional para lidar com a dinâmica disfuncional.
- Etymological Clue
- The prefix 'dis-' often indicates negation or difficulty, while 'funcional' relates to function. So, literally, it means 'not functioning well.'
O sistema de saúde pública daquela região é considerado disfuncional.
O governo enfrenta críticas por ser disfuncional e lento na tomada de decisões.
Using disfuncional correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective. It modifies nouns, describing their state of not functioning properly. It can be used in various grammatical constructions, such as directly preceding the noun, following a linking verb like 'ser' (to be) or 'estar' (to be), or in more complex sentence structures. The gender and number of the adjective must agree with the noun it modifies. Since 'disfuncional' ends in '-al', its plural form is 'disfuncionais' for both masculine and feminine nouns. For example, 'um sistema disfuncional' (a dysfunctional system) becomes 'sistemas disfuncionais' (dysfunctional systems).
- Following Linking Verbs
- This is a very common way to use the adjective. You'll often see it after 'ser' or 'estar' to describe the state of something.
A comunicação entre os departamentos estava disfuncional.
- Directly Modifying a Noun
- Here, the adjective comes before or after the noun it describes. It's more common after the noun in Portuguese.
Eles vivem em um ambiente familiar disfuncional.
- Describing Plural Nouns
- Remember to use the plural form 'disfuncionais'.
Muitos dos mecanismos que deveriam funcionar estavam disfuncionais.
- In Negative Contexts
- It's often used to highlight problems, so you'll find it in sentences discussing challenges, issues, or criticisms.
A falta de investimento tornou o sistema de transporte público disfuncional.
You'll encounter disfuncional in a variety of everyday and more formal conversations, depending on the topic. It's a word that pops up in discussions about social issues, psychology, politics, and even in casual conversations when people are venting about frustrating situations. In families, it's often used by therapists or people reflecting on their upbringing. In broader societal contexts, it can describe governmental bodies, public services, or economic systems that are perceived as failing. News reports, documentaries, and academic articles frequently use this term to analyze problems. Even in less formal settings, people might use it to describe a friend's chaotic love life or a poorly managed project at work.
- Family and Relationships
- This is perhaps one of the most common contexts. When people discuss unhealthy family dynamics, patterns of abuse, neglect, or severe conflict, they often use 'família disfuncional'. Similarly, in discussions about romantic relationships that are marked by constant fighting, lack of support, or unhealthy codependency, the term 'relacionamento disfuncional' is used.
Muitos adultos buscam terapia para curar traumas de infância em um lar disfuncional.
- Societal and Political Contexts
- When discussing the performance of government agencies, public services, or even the overall political system, 'disfuncional' is used to point out inefficiencies, corruption, or a failure to serve the public effectively. For instance, a 'sistema político disfuncional' might be one characterized by gridlock or a lack of accountability.
A burocracia excessiva torna o sistema judicial disfuncional.
- Workplace and Organizational Settings
- In a professional context, a 'empresa disfuncional' might be one with poor management, toxic work culture, or inefficient processes. A 'equipe disfuncional' would be a team that cannot collaborate effectively.
O projeto falhou devido a uma liderança disfuncional.
Learners of Portuguese might make a few common mistakes when using disfuncional. One is not correctly applying the plural form 'disfuncionais' when referring to multiple items. Another is misinterpreting the gender agreement; while 'disfuncional' is invariable in gender, learners might try to change it based on the noun's gender, which is incorrect. A more conceptual mistake is using it too lightly, as it implies a significant problem rather than a minor inconvenience. For example, calling a slightly inefficient process 'disfuncional' might be an overstatement. Lastly, confusion can arise if learners try to use it interchangeably with words that simply mean 'broken' or 'out of order' without the implication of a systemic or behavioral issue. It's more about the *way* something operates, not just its physical state.
- Incorrect Pluralization
- Forgetting to change 'disfuncional' to 'disfuncionais' when the noun is plural. For example, saying 'Os sistemas são disfuncional' instead of 'Os sistemas são disfuncionais'.
Mistake: Os governos disfuncional causam problemas.
- Overuse or Misapplication
- Using 'disfuncional' for things that are merely inconvenient or slightly problematic, when it's meant for more serious, systemic issues. For example, calling a slow computer 'disfuncional' might be an exaggeration; 'lento' (slow) or 'com defeito' (defective) might be more appropriate.
Overuse: A reunião foi um pouco confusa, mas não era disfuncional.
- Confusing with 'broken'
- Equating 'disfuncional' solely with 'quebrado' (broken) or 'fora de serviço' (out of service). While a broken item might be considered dysfunctional, 'disfuncional' often implies a more complex, ongoing issue with how something operates, especially in social or systemic contexts.
Mistake: O meu carro está disfuncional porque não liga.
While disfuncional is a precise term for something not operating correctly, especially in systemic or behavioral ways, several other Portuguese words can convey similar meanings, each with its own nuance. For describing mechanical or technical issues, defeituoso (defective) or quebrado (broken) are more direct. If something is not working as intended due to a lack of proper setup or configuration, mal ajustado (poorly adjusted) or mal regulado (poorly regulated) might be used. For issues related to inefficiency or poor performance, ineficiente (inefficient) or problemático (problematic) are good alternatives. In social contexts, when referring to unhealthy dynamics, words like doente (sick, in a metaphorical sense) or tóxico (toxic) can be used, though they are often stronger and more emotionally charged than 'disfuncional'.
- Disfuncional vs. Defeituoso
- Disfuncional: Refers to something not operating as it should, often implying a systemic or behavioral issue. It can apply to machines, systems, families, or relationships. 'A família é disfuncional.' (The family is dysfunctional.)
Defeituoso: Means defective, usually referring to a flaw in manufacturing or design that prevents something from working correctly. It's more common for physical objects. 'O produto está defeituoso.' (The product is defective.)
- Disfuncional vs. Quebrado
- Disfuncional: Broader; describes something not functioning properly, which could be due to a defect, bad design, or poor usage. 'O sistema de transporte público está disfuncional.' (The public transport system is dysfunctional.)
Quebrado: Simply means broken. It implies a physical state of being damaged and non-operational. 'O vaso está quebrado.' (The vase is broken.)
- Disfuncional vs. Ineficiente
- Disfuncional: Implies a failure to operate correctly, often leading to negative outcomes. 'Uma economia disfuncional.' (A dysfunctional economy.)
Ineficiente: Describes something that does not produce the desired results with the least amount of waste of time and effort. It might still function, but poorly. 'O processo de aprovação é ineficiente.' (The approval process is inefficient.)
- Disfuncional vs. Problemático
- Disfuncional: Suggests a fundamental issue with how something operates. 'Um relacionamento disfuncional.' (A dysfunctional relationship.)
Problemático: Indicates that something causes problems or is difficult. It's a more general term for something that isn't going smoothly. 'O trânsito está problemático hoje.' (The traffic is problematic today.)
- Disfuncional vs. Tóxico
- Disfuncional: Focuses on the lack of proper functioning. 'Família disfuncional.' (Dysfunctional family.)
Tóxico: Implies something harmful, damaging, or poisonous, often used for environments or relationships that cause emotional or psychological harm. 'Ambiente de trabalho tóxico.' (Toxic work environment.)
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The concept of 'dysfunction' gained significant traction in psychology and sociology in the mid-20th century, particularly in family systems theory, leading to the widespread adoption and use of the term 'disfuncional' in Portuguese.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'nh' sound incorrectly, for example, as a simple 'n'.
- Misplacing the stress, perhaps on the first or second syllable.
- Making the 'u' sound too long or too short.
난이도
The word itself is a cognate, making it easy to recognize. However, understanding the nuanced contexts (social, psychological, systemic) where it's used requires a B1-B2 level of comprehension.
Learners at A2-B1 can use it in simple sentences. Achieving mastery in formal writing requires understanding its specific connotations and appropriate contexts, typically at a B2-C1 level.
Pronunciation is manageable, and basic usage is accessible at A2. Using it naturally and accurately in diverse conversations requires practice and exposure, around B1-B2.
Recognition is high due to its cognate nature. Comprehending its meaning in context, especially in more abstract discussions, improves with B1-B2 level listening practice.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Adjective Agreement
Disfuncional is invariable in gender but has a plural form: 'disfuncional' (singular), 'disfuncionais' (plural). Ex: 'O sistema é disfuncional.' vs. 'Os sistemas são disfuncionais.'
Placement of Adjectives
In Portuguese, adjectives often follow the noun. Ex: 'uma família disfuncional' is more common than 'uma disfuncional família'.
Verbs of Being: Ser vs. Estar
Use 'estar' for a temporary state of dysfunction: 'O aparelho está disfuncional.' Use 'ser' for a more inherent characteristic: 'Essa abordagem é disfuncional.'
Conjunctions for Cause/Effect
Use conjunctions like 'porque' (because) or 'devido a' (due to) to explain why something is disfuncional. Ex: 'O projeto falhou devido a uma liderança disfuncional.'
Comparative and Superlative Forms
While 'disfuncional' itself isn't commonly used in comparative/superlative forms like 'more dysfunctional', you can use adverbs like 'muito disfuncional' (very dysfunctional) or 'mais disfuncional' (more dysfunctional).
수준별 예문
A máquina está disfuncional.
The machine is not working properly.
Simple sentence structure using 'estar' + adjective.
O rádio está disfuncional.
The radio is not working.
'Disfuncional' describes the state of the radio.
O sistema de água está disfuncional.
The water system is not functioning.
Describes a system that is not working.
Meu computador está disfuncional.
My computer is not working properly.
'Disfuncional' is used for a device that isn't functioning.
A luz está disfuncional.
The light is not working.
Simple adjective use.
O elevador está disfuncional.
The elevator is out of order.
Common use for public facilities.
A porta está disfuncional.
The door is not opening correctly.
Describing a physical object's function.
O controle remoto está disfuncional.
The remote control is not working.
Applies to small electronic devices.
A família dele é um pouco disfuncional.
His family is a bit dysfunctional.
Introduction to the social context of 'disfuncional'.
O sistema de transporte público na cidade é disfuncional.
The public transport system in the city is dysfunctional.
Describes a complex system.
Tivemos um relacionamento disfuncional.
We had a dysfunctional relationship.
Applies to interpersonal relationships.
O governo parece disfuncional em sua gestão.
The government seems dysfunctional in its management.
Describing an organization's performance.
A comunicação na empresa era disfuncional.
Communication in the company was dysfunctional.
Focuses on a specific aspect of an organization.
Seu comportamento na festa foi disfuncional.
His behavior at the party was dysfunctional.
Describes behavior that is not appropriate or healthy.
O hospital estava com setores disfuncionais.
The hospital had dysfunctional sectors.
Can describe parts of a larger system.
A escola tem um sistema de avaliação disfuncional.
The school has a dysfunctional evaluation system.
Describes a specific process within an institution.
A dinâmica familiar disfuncional muitas vezes leva a problemas psicológicos na vida adulta.
Dysfunctional family dynamics often lead to psychological problems in adult life.
Connects 'disfuncional' to consequences.
Os métodos de ensino daquela instituição eram considerados disfuncionais e ultrapassados.
The teaching methods of that institution were considered dysfunctional and outdated.
Used to critique established practices.
A falta de clareza nas regras tornou o processo decisório disfuncional.
The lack of clarity in the rules made the decision-making process dysfunctional.
Explains the cause of dysfunction.
Muitos casais buscam terapia para desfazer padrões disfuncionais de comunicação.
Many couples seek therapy to undo dysfunctional communication patterns.
Focuses on patterns of interaction.
O sistema econômico global apresenta falhas disfuncionais que afetam os países mais pobres.
The global economic system presents dysfunctional flaws that affect poorer countries.
Applies to large-scale systems.
A liderança disfuncional em uma empresa pode levar à desmotivação geral.
Dysfunctional leadership in a company can lead to general demotivation.
Links leadership style to employee morale.
O projeto foi paralisado por conta de um planejamento disfuncional.
The project was paralyzed due to dysfunctional planning.
Highlights the impact of poor planning.
A burocracia excessiva contribuiu para um sistema administrativo disfuncional.
Excessive bureaucracy contributed to a dysfunctional administrative system.
Identifies a contributing factor to dysfunction.
A persistência de padrões disfuncionais em famílias pode ter raízes em traumas intergeracionais.
The persistence of dysfunctional patterns in families can have roots in intergenerational trauma.
Connects dysfunction to deeper historical causes.
O modelo de governança corporativa adotado revelou-se disfuncional diante das crises recentes.
The corporate governance model adopted proved to be dysfunctional in the face of recent crises.
Evaluates a specific management approach.
A falta de diálogo aberto criou um ambiente de trabalho disfuncional, minando a colaboração.
The lack of open dialogue created a dysfunctional work environment, undermining collaboration.
Explains how specific behaviors create dysfunction.
A complexa teia de regulamentações tornou o mercado financeiro regional disfuncional.
The complex web of regulations made the regional financial market dysfunctional.
Describes how intricate rules can hinder function.
O sistema judiciário, muitas vezes sobrecarregado, opera de maneira disfuncional em alguns aspectos.
The judicial system, often overloaded, operates in a dysfunctional manner in some aspects.
Acknowledges partial dysfunction within a system.
A polarização política extrema contribuiu para um cenário legislativo disfuncional.
Extreme political polarization contributed to a dysfunctional legislative scenario.
Links political division to governmental failure.
O modelo de distribuição de recursos mostrou-se disfuncional, gerando desigualdades gritantes.
The resource distribution model proved to be dysfunctional, generating stark inequalities.
Connects dysfunction to social outcomes.
A constante mudança de prioridades tornou a gestão do projeto disfuncional.
The constant change of priorities made project management dysfunctional.
Highlights the impact of instability on processes.
A análise psicanalítica sugere que a origem de muitos comportamentos disfuncionais reside nas primeiras experiências de apego.
Psychoanalytic analysis suggests that the origin of many dysfunctional behaviors lies in early attachment experiences.
Uses academic terminology and abstract concepts.
A arquitetura informacional de plataformas online pode inadvertidamente criar loops disfuncionais de feedback.
The informational architecture of online platforms can inadvertently create dysfunctional feedback loops.
Applies to technical and design aspects.
O paradigma de desenvolvimento econômico vigente demonstra ser disfuncional ao perpetuar a exploração de recursos naturais.
The prevailing economic development paradigm proves to be dysfunctional by perpetuating the exploitation of natural resources.
Critiques established development models.
A desintegração das redes de apoio social tem contribuído para um aumento de indivíduos em situações de vulnerabilidade disfuncional.
The disintegration of social support networks has contributed to an increase in individuals in situations of dysfunctional vulnerability.
Discusses societal breakdown and its consequences.
A ineficácia dos mecanismos de controle fiscal resultou em um sistema tributário disfuncional e regressivo.
The ineffectiveness of fiscal control mechanisms resulted in a dysfunctional and regressive tax system.
Analyzes policy failures and their systemic impact.
A cultura organizacional, quando pautada pela competição predatória, tende a gerar dinâmicas disfuncionais entre os colaboradores.
Organizational culture, when based on predatory competition, tends to generate dysfunctional dynamics among employees.
Examines the impact of organizational culture.
A ausência de uma visão estratégica clara comprometeu a capacidade da organização de responder a um ambiente de mercado disfuncional.
The absence of a clear strategic vision compromised the organization's ability to respond to a dysfunctional market environment.
Links strategic planning to market adaptability.
Os modelos pedagógicos que negligenciam o desenvolvimento socioemocional podem criar aprendizes com repertórios disfuncionais.
Pedagogical models that neglect socio-emotional development can create learners with dysfunctional repertoires.
Focuses on educational psychology and learning.
A análise crítica da estrutura social revela como os mecanismos de poder hegemônicos perpetuam sistemas disfuncionais, mascarados por narrativas de progresso.
A critical analysis of social structure reveals how hegemonic power mechanisms perpetuate dysfunctional systems, masked by narratives of progress.
Employs advanced critical theory vocabulary.
A fenomenologia da experiência humana busca desvelar as raízes existenciais de padrões disfuncionais que afligem o indivíduo contemporâneo.
The phenomenology of human experience seeks to unveil the existential roots of dysfunctional patterns afflicting the contemporary individual.
Uses philosophical and psychological terminology.
A obsolescência programada, enquanto estratégia de mercado, induz a um ciclo de consumo disfuncional, esgotando recursos e gerando resíduos massivos.
Planned obsolescence, as a market strategy, induces a dysfunctional consumption cycle, depleting resources and generating massive waste.
Analyzes economic strategies and their environmental impact.
A desconstrução de discursos midiáticos revela a construção de subjetividades disfuncionais em resposta a imperativos culturais hegemônicos.
The deconstruction of media discourses reveals the construction of dysfunctional subjectivities in response to hegemonic cultural imperatives.
Applies literary and media studies concepts.
A interseccionalidade das opressões sociais revela como sistemas disfuncionais se retroalimentam, marginalizando ainda mais os grupos minoritários.
The intersectionality of social oppressions reveals how dysfunctional systems feed back into each other, further marginalizing minority groups.
Uses advanced sociological and critical race theory terms.
A análise sistêmica da política externa demonstra como a rigidez ideológica pode levar a abordagens disfuncionais em um cenário geopolítico mutável.
Systemic analysis of foreign policy demonstrates how ideological rigidity can lead to dysfunctional approaches in a changing geopolitical landscape.
Applies to international relations and strategic studies.
A neurociência cognitiva investiga os correlatos neurais de processos de tomada de decisão disfuncionais em transtornos psiquiátricos.
Cognitive neuroscience investigates the neural correlates of dysfunctional decision-making processes in psychiatric disorders.
Uses highly specialized scientific language.
A crítica pós-estruturalista aponta para a natureza intrinsecamente disfuncional das tentativas de totalização do conhecimento.
Post-structuralist critique points to the intrinsically dysfunctional nature of attempts at the totalization of knowledge.
Engages with complex philosophical critiques.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— To have a family with unhealthy dynamics, communication problems, or unresolved conflicts.
Muitas pessoas cresceram tendo uma família disfuncional e lutam com isso na vida adulta.
— A system (like government, healthcare, or education) that is not working effectively or as intended.
O sistema de saúde daquele país é frequentemente criticado por ser um sistema disfuncional.
— A relationship characterized by unhealthy patterns, such as constant conflict, lack of respect, or emotional abuse.
É importante reconhecer um relacionamento disfuncional e buscar ajuda ou sair dele.
— Actions or reactions that are not adaptive, healthy, or socially appropriate, often stemming from underlying issues.
O terapeuta trabalhou com o paciente para modificar seu comportamento disfuncional.
— Leadership that is ineffective, harmful, or detrimental to the group or organization.
A liderança disfuncional criou um clima de medo e desconfiança.
— To cause something to stop functioning properly or to create problems within a system.
A falta de manutenção causou disfuncionalidade na máquina.
— To try to prevent a system, relationship, or behavior from becoming unhealthy or ineffective.
Eles se esforçam para evitar ser disfuncionais em seu casamento.
— A setting where interactions are unhealthy, unproductive, or damaging.
Ela não aguentava mais trabalhar em um ambiente disfuncional.
— Recurring ways of behaving or interacting that are unhealthy or problematic.
É difícil quebrar padrões disfuncionais que foram aprendidos na infância.
— A machine that is not working correctly and needs repair.
Tive que usar a máquina disfuncional por mais um dia antes que o técnico viesse.
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Disfuncional' implies a broader issue with how something operates, potentially systemic or behavioral, whereas 'defeituoso' usually points to a specific flaw or defect in an object.
'Quebrado' means physically broken. 'Disfuncional' can describe something that is not broken but still doesn't work properly due to design, usage, or other factors.
'Problemático' is a more general term for something that causes problems. 'Disfuncional' is more specific, indicating a failure in proper functioning.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both describe something not working correctly.
'Disfuncional' often refers to a system, family, or behavior that operates incorrectly, implying a systemic issue or unhealthy dynamic. 'Defeituoso' typically refers to a flaw in an object or product that prevents it from functioning as intended. For example, a 'telefone defeituoso' has a specific fault, while a 'sistema de comunicação disfuncional' might involve poor protocols and interactions.
O controle remoto está defeituoso porque um botão não funciona. A comunicação na equipe é disfuncional porque ninguém escuta o outro.
Both indicate a lack of proper operation.
'Quebrado' means physically broken, damaged, or inoperable. 'Disfuncional' can include things that are not physically broken but still fail to work as intended, often due to design, usage, or complex interactions. A 'vaso quebrado' is simply in pieces, while a 'serviço de entrega disfuncional' might be slow and unreliable, even if the vehicles are not broken.
A janela está quebrada. O serviço de entrega da loja é disfuncional; as encomendas chegam sempre atrasadas.
Both suggest issues or difficulties.
'Problemático' is a broader term indicating something that causes problems or is difficult. 'Disfuncional' is more specific, implying a failure in the *function* or operation of something, often leading to problems. A 'vizinho problemático' might be noisy, but a 'sistema de vizinhança disfuncional' might involve a lack of community support or cooperation.
O trânsito hoje está problemático. A estrutura da comunidade tornou-se disfuncional, com pouca ajuda mútua.
Both refer to less-than-ideal performance.
'Ineficiente' means not producing the desired results with the least waste of time and energy; it might still function, but poorly. 'Disfuncional' implies a more fundamental failure to operate correctly or as intended, often leading to significant negative outcomes. A 'máquina ineficiente' might take longer to do its job, but a 'máquina disfuncional' might produce faulty output or stop working altogether.
Aquele método de estudo é ineficiente; leva muito tempo para pouco aprendizado. A organização do evento foi disfuncional, com atrasos constantes e falta de recursos.
Both suggest a deviation from the usual or expected.
'Anormal' simply means not normal; it can refer to something unusual but not necessarily problematic or failing to function. 'Disfuncional' specifically implies a failure in proper operation or a harmful deviation. A 'temperatura anormal' might just be a bit higher than usual, but a 'sistema de regulação de temperatura disfuncional' would fail to maintain the correct temperature.
O comportamento dele foi anormal na festa. A equipe de manutenção lidou com um sistema de climatização disfuncional.
문장 패턴
Noun + está + disfuncional.
A máquina está disfuncional.
Noun + é + disfuncional.
A família dele é disfuncional.
O/A + Noun + é + disfuncional.
O sistema é disfuncional.
O/A + Noun + está + (adverb) + disfuncional.
A comunicação na empresa está muito disfuncional.
Ter + um/uma + Noun + disfuncional.
Tivemos um relacionamento disfuncional.
Causa + (verb) + Noun + disfuncional.
A falta de clareza tornou o processo disfuncional.
O/A + Noun + é + (adjective) + e + disfuncional.
Os métodos eram ultrapassados e disfuncionais.
A + Noun + (verb) + (adverb) + disfuncional + (conjunction/preposition) + consequence.
A liderança disfuncional levou à desmotivação geral.
어휘 가족
명사
형용사
관련
사용법
Moderately frequent, especially in discussions about social issues, psychology, and organizational problems.
-
Using 'disfuncional' for simple breakage.
→
Use 'quebrado' or 'defeituoso' for physical damage.
'Disfuncional' implies a failure in operation that goes beyond simple breakage, often involving systems, dynamics, or behaviors. For example, a 'vaso quebrado' is in pieces, but a 'serviço de entrega disfuncional' is unreliable and slow, even if the vehicles are fine.
-
Incorrect pluralization: 'Os sistemas é disfuncional'.
→
Os sistemas são disfuncionais.
The adjective must agree in number with the noun. 'Disfuncional' becomes 'disfuncionais' in the plural. This is a common error for learners when the singular and plural forms differ.
-
Trying to change gender: 'uma sistema disfuncional'.
→
uma sistema disfuncional.
'Disfuncional' is invariable in gender. It does not change based on whether the noun is masculine or feminine. The form remains the same for both.
-
Using 'disfuncional' for minor inconveniences.
→
Use 'problemático' or 'ineficiente' for less severe issues.
'Disfuncional' suggests a significant failure in operation or health. Describing a slightly slow process as 'disfuncional' is an overstatement. 'Problemático' or 'ineficiente' are more suitable for minor issues.
-
Confusing 'disfuncional' with 'anormal'.
→
Use 'disfuncional' when there's a failure in function; use 'anormal' for deviation from the norm.
'Anormal' means unusual or not typical. 'Disfuncional' means not functioning correctly. A behavior can be 'anormal' without being 'disfuncional', and vice-versa. A system might be 'disfuncional' in its operation but still behave in a statistically 'normal' pattern for such flawed systems.
팁
Easy Connection
Recognize that 'disfuncional' is a direct cognate of the English word 'dysfunctional'. This similarity in form and meaning makes it relatively easy for English speakers to understand and remember. Focus on the shared root of 'function'.
Beyond Literal Meaning
While 'disfuncional' means 'not functioning', its deeper meaning often relates to systemic issues, unhealthy dynamics, or behavioral problems. Pay attention to the context (family, organization, relationship) to grasp the full implication.
Plural and Gender
Remember that 'disfuncional' is invariable in gender (it's the same for masculine and feminine nouns) but has a plural form: 'disfuncionais'. Practice using both singular and plural forms correctly in sentences.
Degree of Dysfunction
Understand that 'disfuncional' usually implies a significant problem, not just a minor inconvenience. Consider if a word like 'problemático' or 'ineficiente' might be more appropriate for less severe issues.
Sentence Building
Actively try to construct sentences using 'disfuncional' in different contexts. Describe a machine, a family situation, or a work environment, explaining why it might be considered 'disfuncional'.
Native Speaker Exposure
Listen to Portuguese podcasts, movies, or news where this word might appear. Notice how native speakers use it, the tone they employ, and the specific situations they describe as 'disfuncional'.
Choosing the Right Word
Be aware of synonyms like 'defeituoso', 'quebrado', 'problemático', and 'ineficiente'. Knowing their nuances helps you choose the most precise word for the situation.
Function and Dysfunction
Relate 'disfuncional' to its root 'função' (function). If something isn't performing its intended function properly, it's 'disfuncional'. This connection can aid memorization.
Self-Reflection
Think about systems or situations in your own life that could be described as 'disfuncional'. This personal connection can reinforce your understanding and memory of the word.
Mastering the Sound
Practice the pronunciation, paying attention to the stress on the penultimate syllable ('cio-NAL') and the 'nh' sound. Clear pronunciation aids comprehension and confidence.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'dys' (as in dysfunctional) and 'function'. If something is 'dis-functioning', it's not working properly. Imagine a clock with hands that move backward – it's 'dis-functioning'!
시각적 연상
Picture a broken cogwheel inside a machine, with pieces falling out. This visual represents something that is supposed to work (function) but is broken (dys-functional).
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe three things you see or hear about today that could be considered 'disfuncional', explaining why. For example, a 'máquina disfuncional' in your kitchen, or perhaps a 'sistema de trânsito disfuncional' on your commute.
어원
The word 'disfuncional' is derived from the Latin prefix 'dis-' (meaning separation, negation, or reversal) and the Latin word 'functio' (meaning performance, execution, or function), combined with the suffix '-al' (forming adjectives). It entered Portuguese through influence from French ('dysfonctionnel') or directly from Latin roots.
원래 의미: Literally meaning 'not performing its function' or 'functioning poorly'.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese문화적 맥락
While 'disfuncional' is a useful descriptive term, it can be sensitive when applied to people or families, as it implies significant problems. It's often used in more objective analyses or therapeutic contexts rather than casual personal judgments, although informal usage does occur.
The English word 'dysfunctional' is a direct cognate and carries a very similar meaning, often used in similar contexts regarding families, relationships, and systems.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Family dynamics and relationships
- família disfuncional
- relacionamento disfuncional
- dinâmica familiar disfuncional
- padrões disfuncionais
Social and political systems
- sistema disfuncional
- governo disfuncional
- sistema de saúde disfuncional
- processo disfuncional
Workplace and organizations
- ambiente disfuncional
- liderança disfuncional
- comunicação disfuncional
- empresa disfuncional
Mechanical and technical issues
- máquina disfuncional
- aparelho disfuncional
- sistema disfuncional (e.g., internet)
Psychology and behavior
- comportamento disfuncional
- saúde mental disfuncional
- traumas disfuncionais
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever heard the term 'família disfuncional' used? What does it mean to you?"
"Can you think of a time when a system you used was 'disfuncional'?"
"How is 'disfuncional' different from simply 'broken'?"
"In what situations would you describe a relationship as 'disfuncional'?"
"What are some signs of a 'governo disfuncional'?"
일기 주제
Describe a time you encountered something 'disfuncional' in your daily life and how it affected you.
Reflect on the difference between a 'sistema disfuncional' and a 'sistema ineficiente'. Give examples.
How can understanding the concept of 'disfuncional' help in personal growth or problem-solving?
Write a short story where a character has to deal with a 'família disfuncional' or a 'relacionamento disfuncional'.
Imagine you are a journalist reporting on a 'governo disfuncional'. What would be the main points of your report?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문Yes, 'disfuncional' generally carries a negative connotation because it describes something that is not working correctly or as it should. It highlights problems, inefficiencies, or unhealthy dynamics. While it's a descriptive term, its use implies a deviation from an expected or desirable state of operation.
Yes, 'disfuncional' can be used for inanimate objects, especially when referring to machines or systems that are not operating properly. For example, 'uma máquina disfuncional' (a dysfunctional machine) or 'um sistema de computador disfuncional' (a dysfunctional computer system). In these cases, it often overlaps with 'defeituoso' or 'quebrado', but can also imply a more complex issue with its design or interaction with other components.
'Disfuncional' is an adjective describing something that is not functioning properly (e.g., 'um sistema disfuncional'). 'Mal funcionamento' is a noun phrase meaning 'malfunction' or 'poor functioning' (e.g., 'o mal funcionamento do sistema'). You would say a system is 'disfuncional' *because* it has a 'mal funcionamento'.
The plural form of 'disfuncional' is 'disfuncionais'. This form is used for both masculine and feminine nouns. For example: 'um carro disfuncional' (a dysfunctional car) becomes 'carros disfuncionais' (dysfunctional cars), and 'uma família disfuncional' (a dysfunctional family) becomes 'famílias disfuncionais' (dysfunctional families).
It can be used in both. In everyday conversation, people might use it informally to describe a car that's not working well ('meu carro tá disfuncional hoje') or a relationship that's having problems. In more formal contexts, like psychology, sociology, or business analysis, it's used to describe complex issues within families, organizations, or systems.
Yes, 'disfuncional' can be used for abstract concepts. For instance, one might refer to 'um modelo disfuncional' (a dysfunctional model), 'uma teoria disfuncional' (a dysfunctional theory), or 'uma abordagem disfuncional' (a dysfunctional approach) if these concepts are not working effectively or are leading to negative outcomes.
The most direct opposite is 'funcional' (functional). Other antonyms depending on the context include 'eficiente' (efficient), 'saudável' (healthy), and 'normal' (normal).
It can be perceived as critical, as it implies the behavior is not healthy or adaptive. In therapeutic contexts, it's used descriptively to identify patterns that need addressing. In casual conversation, it might be used more judgmentally, so context is key.
Common mistakes include incorrect pluralization (using 'disfuncional' for plural nouns), trying to change the gender of the adjective (which is invariable), and overusing it for minor issues when a simpler word like 'problemático' or 'defeituoso' would suffice.
They are direct cognates, meaning they share the same origin and have very similar meanings. If you know 'dysfunctional' in English, you'll easily understand 'disfuncional' in Portuguese. The usage contexts are also very similar.
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Summary
The Portuguese word 'disfuncional' means something is not functioning correctly or as expected. It's commonly used to describe families, relationships, systems, or behaviors that exhibit problems, inefficiencies, or unhealthy dynamics, going beyond simple breakage.
- Disfuncional: not functioning properly.
- Applies to systems, families, relationships, behavior.
- Implies problems, inefficiencies, or unhealthy dynamics.
- Similar to 'malfunctioning' or 'defective'.
Easy Connection
Recognize that 'disfuncional' is a direct cognate of the English word 'dysfunctional'. This similarity in form and meaning makes it relatively easy for English speakers to understand and remember. Focus on the shared root of 'function'.
Beyond Literal Meaning
While 'disfuncional' means 'not functioning', its deeper meaning often relates to systemic issues, unhealthy dynamics, or behavioral problems. Pay attention to the context (family, organization, relationship) to grasp the full implication.
Plural and Gender
Remember that 'disfuncional' is invariable in gender (it's the same for masculine and feminine nouns) but has a plural form: 'disfuncionais'. Practice using both singular and plural forms correctly in sentences.
Degree of Dysfunction
Understand that 'disfuncional' usually implies a significant problem, not just a minor inconvenience. Consider if a word like 'problemático' or 'ineficiente' might be more appropriate for less severe issues.
관련 콘텐츠
family 관련 단어
à medida que
A2As; at the same time that.
abençoado
A2그는 축복받은 사람입니다.
abrigo
A2피난처는 산속에 있습니다.
acarinhar
A2애정 어린 손길로 어루만지거나 아끼다.
aceito
A2수락된; 일반적으로 인정되거나 합의된. '그 제안은 aceito 되었다' (그 제안은 수락되었다).
acenar
A2인사나 동의를 위해 손이나 머리로 신호를 보내는 것 (손을 흔들다, 고개를 끄덕이다).
acolher
A2To receive (a guest or new member) with pleasure and hospitality.
acolhimento
A2따뜻한 환영, 수용. '그 호텔의 환대는 정말 훌륭했습니다.'
acolitar
B2돕거나 동행하며 도움, 지원 또는 동료 의식을 제공하는 것. / 특정 노력, 어려움 또는 기간 동안 적극적이고 협력적인 태도로 개인이나 그룹에게 도움, 지원 또는 동료 의식을 제공하는 것.
acomodar
A2'acomodar'는 누군가에게 숙소를 제공하거나 물건을 놓을 공간을 마련하는 것을 의미합니다.
