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A1 noun 12분 분량

tröja

예시 tröja 30초 만에
설명 tröja in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'tröja' is one of the first clothing items you learn. You use it to describe what you or others are wearing in simple terms. At this stage, you focus on basic colors and sizes. You learn that 'tröja' is an 'en-word', so you say 'en tröja'. You might say 'Jag har en röd tröja' (I have a red sweater) or 'Min tröja är blå' (My sweater is blue). The focus is on identifying the object and linking it with basic adjectives. You also learn the definite form 'tröjan' to talk about a specific sweater, like 'Tröjan är varm' (The sweater is warm).
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'tröja' in more practical situations, such as shopping or describing people in more detail. You learn the plural form 'tröjor' and the definite plural 'tröjorna'. You can now say things like 'Jag letar efter två nya tröjor' (I am looking for two new sweaters) or 'Vems är de här tröjorna?' (Whose are these sweaters?). You also start using more descriptive adjectives like 'mjuk' (soft), 'lång' (long), or 'skön' (comfortable). You might also encounter compound words like 'ulltröja' (wool sweater) or 'bomullströja' (cotton sweater).
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At the B1 level, your use of 'tröja' becomes more nuanced. You can describe textures, patterns, and styles. You might talk about a 'randig tröja' (striped sweater) or a 'mönstrad tröja' (patterned sweater). You also start using the word in different contexts, such as sports ('matchtröja') or casual wear ('luvtröja'). You can handle more complex sentence structures, like 'Om det blir kallt ikväll, bör du ta med dig en extra tröja' (If it gets cold tonight, you should bring an extra sweater). You also understand the difference between 'tröja' and 'kofta' (cardigan) clearly.
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At the B2 level, you use 'tröja' fluently in various registers. You might discuss fashion trends, sustainability in clothing production, or the cultural significance of certain types of sweaters in Sweden (like the 'Lovikkavante' or 'Bohusstickning' styles). You can use the word in idiomatic or metaphorical ways if they arise, and you are comfortable with technical terms related to textiles and garment care. For example, 'Tröjan krympte i tvätten för att jag använde för hög temperatur' (The sweater shrank in the wash because I used too high a temperature).
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At the C1 level, your vocabulary surrounding 'tröja' is extensive. You can discuss the history of Swedish textiles, the evolution of the 'tröja' from a functional work garment to a fashion statement, and the linguistic nuances of clothing terminology across different Swedish dialects. You use the word with precision in academic or professional discussions about the textile industry. You might analyze how the 'tröja' is marketed in different demographics or its role in Swedish national identity (e.g., the 'Sverigetröjan').
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of the word and its many associations. You can appreciate and use 'tröja' in literary contexts, wordplay, and complex metaphors. You understand the subtle connotations of different types of sweaters in literature or film to denote character traits (e.g., a 'polotröja' suggesting an intellectual or an 'ulltröja' suggesting a rural or traditional character). Your use of the word is effortless, and you can navigate any conversation about clothing, fashion, or history with total ease.
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예시

tröja 30초 만에

  • A 'tröja' is a Swedish noun for a sweater, sweatshirt, or jersey, used for almost any long-sleeved upper-body garment that doesn't button down.
  • It is an 'en-word' (common gender), meaning you say 'en tröja' (a sweater) and 'tröjan' (the sweater). The plural form is 'tröjor'.
  • The word is highly versatile, covering everything from thin cotton tops to thick wool pullovers, and is a staple of Swedish daily life.
  • Common compounds include 'ulltröja' (wool sweater), 'luvtröja' (hoodie), and 'matchtröja' (sports jersey), reflecting its broad application in fashion and sports.

The Swedish word tröja is a fundamental noun that every learner encounters early in their journey. At its core, it refers to a garment worn on the upper body, most commonly translated into English as a sweater, jumper, or sweatshirt. However, the Swedish concept of a 'tröja' is slightly broader than the English 'sweater'. It serves as a generic term for almost any long-sleeved, non-button-down top that isn't a formal shirt (skjorta) or a jacket (jacka). In the context of Sweden's often chilly climate, the tröja is not just a piece of clothing; it is a survival essential and a cornerstone of the 'mysig' (cozy) lifestyle.

The Everyday Essential
In daily conversation, 'tröja' is the default word for what you put on when you feel a draft. Whether it is a thin cotton long-sleeve or a thick, hand-knitted wool garment, 'tröja' covers it all. Swedes will often specify the type of tröja if the distinction is important, but for general purposes, the word suffices for a wide range of upper-body wear.
Seasonal Significance
During the long Swedish winter, the 'tröja' becomes a symbol of warmth. You will hear people discussing 'ulltröjor' (wool sweaters) as the ultimate protection against the sub-zero temperatures. In the spring and autumn, a 'collegetröja' (sweatshirt) is the standard uniform for students and casual workers alike.

"Jag måste ta på mig en varm tröja eftersom det snöar ute."

(I must put on a warm sweater because it is snowing outside.)

When you enter a Swedish home, especially during 'fika' time, you'll notice the prevalence of the 'kofta' (cardigan) or the 'stickad tröja' (knitted sweater). The word is also used in sports; a football or ice hockey jersey is called a 'matchtröja'. This versatility makes 'tröja' one of the most high-frequency nouns in the Swedish language. It spans from the highest fashion levels in Stockholm's boutiques to the most practical workwear in the northern forests. Understanding the nuances of this word involves recognizing that while English differentiates strictly between a 'hoodie', a 'sweater', and a 'jersey', Swedish often groups them under this single, reliable umbrella term before adding descriptive prefixes.

"Hennes nya tröja är gjord av mjuk kashmir."

(Her new sweater is made of soft cashmere.)
Material Matters
The word is frequently paired with materials: bomullströja (cotton sweater), ylletröja (wool sweater), or syntettröja (synthetic sweater). Knowing these compounds helps you navigate Swedish clothing stores (klädbutiker) with ease.

"Glöm inte din tröja! Det blir kallt ikväll."

(Don't forget your sweater! It will be cold tonight.)

"Den här blå tröjan passar dig perfekt."

(This blue sweater suits you perfectly.)

"Barnen har likadana tröjor på sig."

(The children are wearing identical sweaters.)

Using the word tröja correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of Swedish adjective agreement and definite forms. Because 'tröja' is an 'en-word', any adjective describing it must also be in the 'en' form (the common gender). For example, 'en röd tröja' (a red sweater). If you are speaking about a specific sweater, you use the definite form: 'den röda tröjan' (the red sweater). Notice how the adjective takes an '-a' ending in the definite construction, a common pattern in Swedish grammar that learners must master.

Subject and Object Placement
In a standard SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) sentence, 'tröja' often occupies the object position. 'Han köpte en tröja' (He bought a sweater). However, it can just as easily be the subject: 'Tröjan ligger på sängen' (The sweater is lying on the bed). Swedish word order is relatively strict, so keeping 'tröja' in its proper place relative to the verb is key.
Using Verbs of Action
Common verbs used with 'tröja' include 'ha på sig' (to wear/to have on oneself), 'klä på sig' (to dress/put on), 'ta av sig' (to take off), and 'tvätta' (to wash). For instance, 'Jag har på mig en tröja' is the most common way to say 'I am wearing a sweater'.

"Var snäll och lägg din tröja i tvättkorgen."

(Please put your sweater in the laundry basket.)

When describing the attributes of a 'tröja', Swedes use a variety of adjectives. You might describe a sweater as 'stickig' (itchy), 'gosig' (cuddly/cozy), 'stor' (big), or 'tight' (tight). In the plural, the word becomes 'tröjor', and the adjectives must match: 'många färgglada tröjor' (many colorful sweaters). The definite plural 'tröjorna' is used when referring to a specific group: 'Vems är de här tröjorna?' (Whose are these sweaters?).

"Jag letar efter en tröja som matchar mina byxor."

(I am looking for a sweater that matches my pants.)
Compound Sentences
In more complex sentences, 'tröja' can be part of a subordinate clause. 'Eftersom det var kallt, tog han på sig sin tjockaste tröja' (Since it was cold, he put on his thickest sweater). This demonstrates the word's flexibility in expressing cause and effect or sequence of events.

"Kan du låna mig en tröja? Jag fryser."

(Can you lend me a sweater? I'm freezing.)

"Min farmor stickar en tröja till mig varje jul."

(My grandmother knits a sweater for me every Christmas.)

"Han spillde kaffe på sin vita tröja."

(He spilled coffee on his white sweater.)

The word tröja is ubiquitous in Swedish life, appearing in diverse settings from domestic chores to high-stakes sports commentary. If you are in a clothing store like H&M or KappAhl, you will hear sales assistants asking, 'Vill du prova den här tröjan?' (Do you want to try this sweater?). In the fitting rooms, customers often debate the size: 'Är tröjan för stor?' (Is the sweater too big?). This makes 'tröja' a vital word for anyone shopping in Sweden.

In the Sports Arena
Sweden is a nation of sports enthusiasts, particularly ice hockey and football. In these contexts, 'tröja' refers to the team jersey. You might hear a commentator say, 'Han drar i motståndarens tröja' (He is pulling the opponent's jersey). Fans will proudly wear their 'matchtröja' to the stadium, and the 'pensionering av tröjnummer' (retiring of a jersey number) is a significant ceremony for legendary players.
At Home and School
In family life, 'tröja' is a word parents use constantly with their children. 'Ta på dig tröjan, vi ska gå ut nu' (Put on your sweater, we're going out now). In schools, teachers might remind students to look for their lost items in the 'kvarglömt-låda' (lost and found box), which is usually full of 'tröjor'.

"Zlatan bar den gula tröjan med stolthet."

(Zlatan wore the yellow jersey with pride.)

You will also encounter the word in weather-related contexts. Because Swedish weather is notoriously unpredictable, the 'lager-på-lager' (layer-on-layer) principle is often discussed in morning news segments or weather apps. Experts might suggest, 'En tunn tröja under jackan räcker idag' (A thin sweater under the jacket is enough today). In the workplace, 'tröja' is the standard for 'business casual' in Sweden, where formal suits are less common than in many other countries. A high-quality 'polotröja' (turtleneck) or 'v-ringad tröja' (V-neck sweater) is perfectly acceptable for most office environments.

"Vi säljer många tröjor under vinterrean."

(We sell many sweaters during the winter sale.)

"Häng upp din tröja på kroken istället för att kasta den på golvet."

(Hang your sweater on the hook instead of throwing it on the floor.)

"Jag hittade en gammal tröja på vinden."

(I found an old sweater in the attic.)

For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using tröja is confusing it with other upper-body garments. The most common mix-up is with 'skjorta'. In English, 'shirt' is a very broad term, but in Swedish, 'skjorta' specifically refers to a button-down shirt with a collar. If you call your sweatshirt a 'skjorta', a Swede will be momentarily confused. Similarly, 'linne' refers to a tank top or camisole, and 'jacka' is strictly for outerwear. Using 'tröja' for a heavy winter coat is a mistake; that is always a 'jacka' or 'kappa'.

Gender and Article Errors
Another common pitfall is the gender of the word. Since Swedish has two genders (en and ett), learners often guess 'ett tröja'. However, 'tröja' is definitely an 'en-word'. This mistake ripples through the sentence, leading to incorrect adjective forms like 'ett rött tröja' instead of 'en röd tröja'. Always remember: 'en tröja, tröjan, flera tröjor, de där tröjorna'.
Pluralization Patterns
Learners often try to pluralize 'tröja' by adding '-ar' or '-er' (e.g., 'tröjar' or 'tröjer'). Because 'tröja' ends in '-a', it almost always follows the first declension pattern, where the '-a' is replaced by '-or' in the plural: 'tröjor'. Mastering this 'a to or' transition is a major step in Swedish morphological proficiency.

"Fel: Jag har en vit skjorta på mig (när det är en sweatshirt). Rätt: Jag har en vit tröja på mig."

(Mistake: Confusing shirt with sweater.)

A subtle mistake involves the use of the word 'jumper'. While 'jumper' exists in Swedish as a loanword, it is much less common than 'tröja' and often feels slightly dated or specific to certain women's fashion styles. If you want to be safe and sound natural, stick with 'tröja'. Additionally, avoid using 'tröja' for a t-shirt in modern Swedish; while 't-tröja' is technically a word, almost everyone simply says 't-shirt' (pronounced 'te-shört').

"Fel: De här tröjorna är blått. Rätt: De här tröjorna är blå."

(Mistake: Adjective agreement in plural.)

"Fel: Ett mjukt tröja. Rätt: En mjuk tröja."

(Mistake: Wrong gender and adjective form.)

While tröja is the most versatile term, Swedish has several specific words for different types of tops. Understanding these will make your vocabulary more precise and help you describe clothing more accurately. The most common alternative is 'kofta', which refers to a cardigan or a sweater that opens at the front with buttons or a zipper. If you can't open it at the front, it's a 'tröja'; if you can, it's a 'kofta'.

Tröja vs. Kofta
A 'tröja' is typically pulled over the head (pullover style). A 'kofta' is usually knitted and has a front opening. Example: 'Jag tar på mig en kofta över min t-shirt' (I'm putting a cardigan over my t-shirt).
Tröja vs. Sweatshirt/Hoodie
For casual, sporty tops, Swedes often use 'collegetröja' (sweatshirt) or 'luvtröja' (hoodie, from 'luva' meaning hood). These are all sub-types of 'tröja'. If it has a zipper but is still a sweatshirt style, it might be called a 'munkjacka' (literally 'monk jacket', referring to the hood).

"Är det en kofta eller en tröja?"

(Is it a cardigan or a sweater?)

Other related terms include 'polotröja' (turtleneck/roll-neck), 'linne' (tank top), and 'blus' (blouse). In a formal setting, 'skjorta' (shirt) is the counterpart to 'tröja'. For very thin tops, 'topp' is a common word used in women's fashion. If you are talking about thermal underwear or a base layer, you might hear the word 'underställströja'. Knowing these distinctions prevents the common error of over-using 'tröja' when a more specific term would be more appropriate.

"Jag föredrar en luvtröja när jag tränar."

(I prefer a hoodie when I exercise.)
Register Differences
In very formal fashion contexts, you might see 'pullover' or 'jumper', but these are rarely used in spoken Swedish today. 'Tröja' remains the king of the wardrobe in terms of frequency and utility.

"Den här polotröjan är väldigt elegant."

(This turtleneck is very elegant.)

"Hon har en stickad kofta på sig."

(She is wearing a knitted cardigan.)
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수준별 예문

1

Jag har en röd tröja.

I have a red sweater.

Indefinite singular: en + adjective + noun.

2

Tröjan är blå.

The sweater is blue.

Definite singular: noun ends in -an.

3

Är det din tröja?

Is that your sweater?

Possessive pronoun + noun.

4

En varm tröja.

A warm sweater.

Adjective 'varm' matches 'en' gender.

5

Jag köper en tröja.

I am buying a sweater.

Present tense verb + object.

6

Var är min tröja?

Where is my sweater?

Interrogative 'var' + verb + noun.

7

Hon bär en tröja.

She is wearing a sweater.

Subject + verb + object.

8

Tröjan är ny.

The sweater is new.

Definite noun + verb + adjective.

1

Jag behöver två nya tröjor.

I need two new sweaters.

Plural indefinite: tröjor.

2

De här tröjorna är billiga.

These sweaters are cheap.

Plural definite: tröjorna.

3

Kan jag få prova den här tröjan?

Can I try this sweater on?

Modal verb + infinitive.

4

Tröjan är gjord av bomull.

The sweater is made of cotton.

Passive construction with 'gjord av'.

5

Jag gillar färgen på din tröja.

I like the color of your sweater.

Preposition 'på' for 'of/on'.

6

Min tröja är för liten.

My sweater is too small.

Adverb 'för' + adjective.

7

Han har en grön tröja idag.

He has a green sweater today.

Time adverb 'idag' at the end.

8

Vi säljer fina tröjor här.

We sell nice sweaters here.

Adjective 'fina' in plural.

1

Den här stickade tröjan är väldigt varm.

This knitted sweater is very warm.

Past participle 'stickad' used as adjective.

2

Jag spillde soppa på min favorittröja.

I spilled soup on my favorite sweater.

Compound word: favorit + tröja.

3

Hon letar efter en tröja med huva.

She is looking for a sweater with a hood.

Prepositional phrase 'med huva'.

4

Tröjan krympte när jag tvättade den.

The sweater shrank when I washed it.

Past tense 'krympte' and 'tvättade'.

5

Vilken tröja passar bäst till dessa byxor?

Which sweater fits best with these pants?

Interrogative 'vilken' + noun.

6

Jag föredrar tröjor utan tryck.

I prefer sweaters without prints.

Preposition 'utan' (without).

7

Min bror lånade min tröja utan att fråga.

My brother borrowed my sweater without asking.

Infinitive phrase 'utan att fråga'.

8

Den här tröjan kliar mot huden.

This sweater itches against the skin.

Verb 'kliar' (itches).

1

Det är viktigt att välja en tröja av hög kvalitet.

It is important to choose a high-quality sweater.

Infinitive subject 'att välja'.

2

Tröjan är tillverkad av återvunnet material.

The sweater is manufactured from recycled material.

Past participle 'tillverkad'.

3

Mönstret på tröjan är typiskt för norra Sverige.

The pattern on the sweater is typical of northern Sweden.

Adjective 'typisk' + preposition 'för'.

4

Han drog upp ärmarna på sin tröja.

He pulled up the sleeves of his sweater.

Plural definite 'ärmarna'.

5

Den här tröjan har en tendens att noppa sig.

This sweater has a tendency to pill.

Reflexive verb 'noppa sig'.

6

Jag har en hel samling av gamla tröjor.

I have a whole collection of old sweaters.

Noun phrase 'en hel samling av'.

7

Tröjan var så dyr att jag tvekade att köpa den.

The sweater was so expensive that I hesitated to buy it.

Result clause 'så... att'.

8

Det finns en stor variation av tröjor i butiken.

There is a wide variety of sweaters in the store.

Existential 'det finns'.

1

Tröjans design återspeglar den minimalistiska stilen.

The sweater's design reflects the minimalist style.

Genitive form 'tröjans'.

2

Ullens egenskaper gör tröjan idealisk för vinterbruk.

The properties of the wool make the sweater ideal for winter use.

Object complement 'idealisk'.

3

Trots att tröjan var sliten, ville han inte kasta den.

Even though the sweater was worn out, he didn't want to throw it away.

Concession clause 'trots att'.

4

Företaget har lanserat en ny kollektion av tröjor.

The company has launched a new collection of sweaters.

Present perfect 'har lanserat'.

5

Valet av tröja kan signalera personlig identitet.

The choice of sweater can signal personal identity.

Abstract noun 'valet'.

6

Tröjan fungerar som ett isolerande lager.

The sweater functions as an insulating layer.

Simile 'fungerar som'.

7

Stickningens täthet påverkar tröjans hållbarhet.

The density of the knitting affects the sweater's durability.

Subject 'täthet' and verb 'påverkar'.

8

Hon bar en tröja som var unik i sitt slag.

She wore a sweater that was unique of its kind.

Relative clause 'som var...'.

1

Tröjan utgjorde en nostalgisk länk till hans barndom.

The sweater constituted a nostalgic link to his childhood.

Formal verb 'utgjorde'.

2

Denna tröja är ett utmärkt exempel på hantverksskicklighet.

This sweater is an excellent example of craftsmanship.

Compound noun 'hantverksskicklighet'.

3

I dikten symboliserar den trasiga tröjan förlust.

In the poem, the torn sweater symbolizes loss.

Verb 'symboliserar'.

4

Tröjans färgnyanser skiftar beroende på ljuset.

The sweater's color nuances shift depending on the light.

Participial phrase 'beroende på'.

5

Genom att bära tröjan trotsade hon rådande modenormer.

By wearing the sweater, she defied prevailing fashion norms.

Gerund-like 'genom att bära'.

6

Tröjan hade blivit en integrerad del av hans signaturstil.

The sweater had become an integrated part of his signature style.

Past perfect 'hade blivit'.

7

Texturen i tröjan ger en taktil upplevelse.

The texture of the sweater provides a tactile experience.

Adjective 'taktil'.

8

Tröjan bär spår av tidens tand.

The sweater bears traces of the ravages of time.

Idiomatic expression 'tidens tand'.

동의어

pullover jumper sweatshirt kofta luvtröja polotröja collegetröja matchtröja

반의어

byxor skjorta
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Adjective Agreement A1
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