When we talk about things like making bread or yogurt, there's a special process. This process is called 发酵 (fā jiào) in Chinese. It means that small living things, like yeast or bacteria, change food over time. They help make things taste different or last longer. So, when dough rises for bread, that's 发酵 happening! It's a natural way food transforms.
When we talk about things like making bread or brewing beer, a really common and useful Chinese verb is 发酵 (fāxiào). This word means 'to ferment'. Think of it as a natural process where microorganisms like yeast or bacteria cause a chemical change in something, often producing alcohol, acid, or gas. It's how grapes become wine, milk becomes yogurt, and flour becomes bread. So, if you're ever discussing food preparation or even some scientific processes in Chinese, 发酵 is the word you'll need.
When we talk about 发酵 (fāxiào) at a C2 level, we're often moving beyond just the literal biological process of fermentation. While it absolutely means 'to ferment' in the context of food or drink, it also carries a powerful metaphorical sense.
Think of it as ideas, emotions, or situations 'fermenting' – slowly developing, brewing, or intensifying over time, often leading to a significant outcome or change. It implies a gradual, internal process before something becomes apparent externally. This nuanced usage is crucial for understanding deeper social or psychological contexts.
发酵 30초 만에
- Process of breaking down substances by microorganisms
- Used for making food like bread, yogurt, and alcohol
- Can also describe events developing or escalating
§ Where you actually hear this word — work, school, news
The Chinese word “发酵” (fājiào), meaning “to ferment,” isn't just for food science. While you’ll definitely encounter it when talking about delicious fermented foods, it’s also very commonly used metaphorically in news, social discussions, and even everyday conversations to describe situations that are developing or brewing, often with a hint of tension or controversy. Let's break down how to use it in these contexts.
When you see “发酵” in news reports, it usually refers to events, rumors, or public opinions that are gradually spreading, developing, or intensifying. Think of it like a situation that's 'brewing' or 'simmering' before it reaches a peak. It implies a process of development that might lead to significant outcomes.
- DEFINITION
- To ferment; to brew (as a situation); to develop (as a rumor or controversy).
Here are some common ways you'll hear “发酵” in the news or when discussing current events:
A rumor or scandal is fermenting: This means a rumor is spreading and gaining traction, or a scandal is developing and attracting more attention.
这则谣言正在网上迅速发酵。
Public opinion is fermenting: This refers to public sentiment or discussion about an issue intensifying and becoming more widespread.
关于新政策的讨论正在社会上发酵。
A crisis or event is fermenting: This indicates that a situation is developing, potentially towards a crisis or a significant turning point.
这场争端可能进一步发酵。
In a work context, particularly in marketing, public relations, or internal communications, you might hear “发酵” used when discussing how a campaign is performing, how news is spreading within the company, or how feedback is being received and discussed. It often carries a sense of anticipation – will this 'fermentation' lead to something positive or negative?
这个营销方案的效果正在市场中发酵。
In school, while less common, you might encounter it in discussions about social studies or current events, similar to its use in the news. For example, discussing how a certain historical event or political movement developed could involve “发酵”.
So, next time you read a Chinese news article or hear people discussing a hot topic, listen out for “发酵”. It's a key word to understand the dynamics of how events and opinions unfold in Chinese society.
§ Don't Confuse with General 'Become' or 'Rot'
Many learners, when first encountering 发酵 (fājiào), might try to use it for any process where something changes or goes bad. However, 发酵 specifically refers to the biological process of fermentation. It's not a general word for something 'becoming' something else, or for something simply 'rotting' or 'decaying'. While rotting can involve some form of microbial activity, 发酵 implies a more controlled and often beneficial transformation, especially in food production.
面包师让面团发酵。
- Translation Hint
- The baker let the dough ferment.
You wouldn't say 苹果发酵了 (Píngguǒ fājiàole) if an apple has just gone bad and is mushy. You'd use words like 坏了 (huàile - gone bad) or 腐烂了 (fǔlànle - rotten) instead. 發酵 has a more specific, often positive or intentional, connotation in this context.
§ Don't Overuse in Figurative Sense
While 发酵 can be used figuratively to mean 'to spread' or 'to escalate' (like an idea or a situation), beginners often overuse it or use it inappropriately. It's usually reserved for situations where an idea or emotion is slowly building up and spreading, often implying a somewhat organic or uncontrolled process, similar to how fermentation works. It's not a substitute for simpler verbs like 传播 (chuánbō - to spread) or 发展 (fāzhǎn - to develop).
谣言在人群中迅速发酵。
- Translation Hint
- The rumor quickly fermented (spread/escalated) among the crowd.
If you're talking about news spreading, 传播 (chuánbō) is usually more direct and common. Use 发酵 figuratively when you want to emphasize the gradual, often subtle, and intensifying nature of the spread.
§ Pay Attention to Contextual Nuances
The meaning of 发酵 can slightly shift depending on the context, even within its literal meaning. For example:
- When talking about making bread, it refers to the yeast acting on the dough.
- When talking about making wine, it refers to the sugar turning into alcohol.
- When talking about making kimchi, it refers to the vegetables changing due to lactic acid bacteria.
While the core meaning of 'ferment' remains, the specific chemical or biological process implied can vary. Don't assume it always means the same exact process. Always consider what is being fermented.
§ Common Collocations
Learning common collocations can help you avoid mistakes and use 发酵 more naturally. Here are a few:
- 面团发酵 (miàntuán fājiào) - dough ferments
- 葡萄酒发酵 (pútaojiǔ fājiào) - wine ferments
- 情绪发酵 (qíngxù fājiào) - emotions ferment/escalate
- 事件发酵 (shìjiàn fājiào) - event escalates/develops
수준별 예문
面团发酵了。
Dough fermented.
牛奶会发酵成酸奶。
Milk will ferment into yogurt.
这个水果开始发酵了。
This fruit started to ferment.
葡萄酒需要时间发酵。
Wine needs time to ferment.
面包师让面团发酵。
The baker lets the dough ferment.
果汁在瓶子里发酵了。
The juice fermented in the bottle.
你看，面团发酵得很好。
Look, the dough fermented very well.
发酵过程需要温暖的环境。
The fermentation process needs a warm environment.
这个酸奶是用牛奶发酵制成的。
This yogurt is made from milk fermented.
面团需要时间发酵才能变得松软。
Dough needs time to ferment to become soft.
葡萄酒是通过葡萄汁发酵而来的。
Wine comes from grape juice fermented.
这件事在网上持续发酵，引起了广泛关注。
This matter continues to ferment online, drawing widespread attention.
舆论发酵后，政府不得不对此事做出回应。
After public opinion fermented, the government had to respond to this matter.
她的负面新闻在社交媒体上迅速发酵。
Her negative news quickly fermented on social media.
这种食物在制作过程中会自然发酵。
This kind of food will naturally ferment during the production process.
经过长时间的发酵，酱油的味道会更加醇厚。
After a long period of fermentation, the taste of soy sauce will be richer.
这个过程需要几天的时间让面团发酵。
This process needs a few days for the dough to ferment.
牛奶在温暖的环境中会很快发酵。
Milk will ferment quickly in a warm environment.
经过长时间的发酵，葡萄酒的味道更醇厚。
After a long fermentation, the wine's flavor is richer.
这个新闻在网络上迅速发酵，引发了广泛讨论。
This news quickly fermented (spread) online, triggering widespread discussion.
他的不满情绪已经开始在团队中发酵了。
His dissatisfaction has started to ferment (spread) within the team.
这场小小的争吵逐渐发酵成一场严重的冲突。
This small argument gradually fermented (escalated) into a serious conflict.
制作酸奶的关键步骤就是让牛奶发酵。
The key step in making yogurt is letting the milk ferment.
舆论发酵的速度之快令人惊讶。
The speed at which public opinion fermented (developed) was surprising.
通过微生物的作用，糖类物质会发酵产生酒精和二氧化碳。
Through the action of microorganisms, sugary substances will ferment to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
通过…的作用 (tōngguò…de zuòyòng): through the action of…
面团需要一定时间的发酵才能变得松软可口。
Dough needs a certain amount of time for fermentation to become soft and delicious.
变得 (biànde): to become
这个消息迅速在社交媒体上传播，引起了广泛的社会发酵。
This news quickly spread on social media, causing widespread social fermentation (unrest/discussion).
引起 (yǐnqǐ): to cause; to arouse
葡萄酒的制作过程离不开葡萄汁的发酵。
The winemaking process is inseparable from the fermentation of grape juice.
离不开 (líbùkāi): cannot do without; inseparable from
一些负面情绪在群体中发酵，最终导致了冲突。
Some negative emotions fermented in the group, eventually leading to conflict.
最终导致 (zuìzhōng dǎozhì): ultimately lead to
醋是通过谷物发酵制成的。
Vinegar is made through the fermentation of grains.
制成 (zhìchéng): to be made into; to be made from
牛奶经过发酵可以制成酸奶和奶酪。
Milk can be fermented to make yogurt and cheese.
经过 (jīngguò): to go through; to undergo
这个谣言在网络上不断发酵，对他的声誉造成了很大影响。
This rumor kept fermenting (spreading and growing) online, greatly affecting his reputation.
造成…影响 (zàochéng…yǐngxiǎng): to cause an impact/effect
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
让面团发酵一会儿。
Let the dough ferment for a while.
这种酒是通过水果发酵制成的。
This wine is made by fruit fermentation.
牛奶发酵后会变成酸奶。
Milk will become yogurt after fermentation.
发酵是一个很重要的过程。
Fermentation is a very important process.
我们需要控制好发酵的温度。
We need to control the fermentation temperature well.
这种面包需要长时间发酵。
This bread needs long-time fermentation.
他在研究发酵食品。
He is researching fermented foods.
这个过程会产生很多气泡，说明面团在发酵。
This process will produce many bubbles, indicating that the dough is fermenting.
这种技术可以促进发酵。
This technology can promote fermentation.
发酵不足会影响食物的口感。
Insufficient fermentation will affect the taste of food.
자주 혼동되는 단어
Yeast, the agent of fermentation, not the process itself.
Rotting or spoilage, generally undesirable, unlike fermentation.
Food going bad, distinct from intentional fermentation.
혼동하기 쉬운
Sounds similar to '发酵' and is related to the process, but refers to the ingredient.
'发酵' is the *process* of fermentation, while '酵母' is *yeast*, the microorganism that causes fermentation.
面包里需要放酵母才能发酵。 (You need to put yeast in bread for it to ferment.)
Both involve decomposition, but with different outcomes and purposes.
'发酵' is a controlled, beneficial process often used in food production (e.g., making yogurt, wine). '腐烂' is spoilage or rotting, usually undesirable and making food inedible.
水果放久了会腐烂。 (Fruit will rot if left for too long.)
Similar to '腐烂' in meaning 'to go bad', but distinct from fermentation.
'发酵' is a deliberate transformation, often improving flavor or preservation. '变质' means food has spoiled or gone bad, becoming unsuitable for consumption, which is usually not fermentation.
牛奶变质了，不能喝了。 (The milk has gone bad, you can't drink it.)
Often used in contexts where fermentation occurs, but it's a broader term for 'brewing' or 'winemaking'.
'发酵' is the specific biological process. '酿造' is the *act* of making alcoholic beverages (like beer or wine) or sauces, which *involves* fermentation but also other steps.
这家工厂酿造啤酒。 (This factory brews beer.)
Can mean 'ripe' or 'cooked', sometimes confused with the 'maturing' aspect of fermentation.
'发酵' is a specific microbial process. '熟' refers to food being cooked, or fruit being ripe. While fermentation can 'mature' food, '熟' doesn't specifically refer to fermentation.
香蕉熟了就可以吃了。 (You can eat the banana when it's ripe.)
사용법
发酵 (fājiào) is a verb that means 'to ferment'. It's commonly used when talking about food and drink.
You'll often see it in contexts like:
- 面包发酵 (miànbāo fājiào) - bread fermenting
- 牛奶发酵 (niúnǎi fājiào) - milk fermenting (e.g., to make yogurt)
- 酒发酵 (jiǔ fājiào) - wine fermenting
It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to brew' or 'to develop', especially for feelings or situations, though this is less common for A2 learners.
Examples:
她把面团放在温暖的地方，让它发酵。 (Tā bǎ miàntuán fàng zài wēnnuǎn de dìfang, ràng tā fājiào.) - She put the dough in a warm place to let it ferment.
这些葡萄会发酵成美味的葡萄酒。 (Zhèxiē pútáo huì fājiào chéng měiwèi de pútaojiǔ.) - These grapes will ferment into delicious wine.
A common mistake is confusing 发酵 (fājiào) with other verbs related to cooking or growing.
Remember, 发酵 specifically refers to the chemical process of fermentation. It's not a general term for 'rising' or 'getting bigger'.
For example, you wouldn't say '花发酵了' (huā fājiào le) if a flower has bloomed. Instead, you'd use something like '花开了' (huā kāi le).
Another potential mistake is trying to use it for things that simply 'go bad' or 'spoil' without fermentation. If milk just goes sour without an intentional fermentation process, you might say '牛奶坏了' (niúnǎi huài le - the milk went bad) rather than '牛奶发酵了' (unless you were making yogurt).
Focus on its core meaning: a biological process, often used in food production.
팁
Basic Meaning of 发酵
发酵 (fājiào) literally means to ferment. Think of it like making bread rise or turning grapes into wine.
Everyday Use: Food
You'll most often hear 发酵 when talking about food production. For example, 啤酒发酵 (píjiǔ fājiào) is beer fermentation, and 酸奶发酵 (suānnǎi fājiào) is yogurt fermentation.
Common Collocations
Look for words like 面包 (miànbāo - bread), 酒精 (jiǔjīng - alcohol), or 细菌 (xìjùn - bacteria) when you see 发酵. These words often appear together.
Pronunciation Practice
Practice the tones: fā (first tone) and jiào (fourth tone). Mispronouncing tones can change the meaning of a word, so pay attention to them. Say it aloud: fājiào, fājiào, fājiào.
Don't Confuse with 'Grow'
发酵 is not the same as 'to grow' (生长 - shēngzhǎng) or 'to rise' (上升 - shàngshēng) in a general sense. It's specifically about a chemical/biological process.
Example Sentence 1
这个面团需要发酵两个小时。 (Zhège miàntuán xūyào fājiào liǎng gè xiǎoshí.) This dough needs to ferment for two hours.
Example Sentence 2
葡萄酒是葡萄发酵而成的。 (Pútaojiǔ shì pútao fājiào ér chéng de.) Wine is made by fermenting grapes.
Fermented Foods in China
Many traditional Chinese foods like tofu (豆腐 - dòufu), soy sauce (酱油 - jiàngyóu), and some types of pickles (泡菜 - pàocài) involve fermentation. Understanding 发酵 helps you understand these processes.
Figurative Use (A bit advanced)
Sometimes, 发酵 can be used metaphorically for rumors or emotions that are spreading or building up, like a scandal 'fermenting'. However, for A2, focus on the literal meaning related to food.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a big 'FA' (发) tree. One day, a huge 'JIAO' (酵) monster comes and starts shaking the tree violently, making all the fruits 'ferment' and bubble! Visualize the monster shaking the tree, making the fruits ferment.
시각적 연상
Picture a jar of kimchi or sauerkraut bubbling. The '发' (fā) looks a bit like steam rising, and '酵' (jiào) has the fermentation radical (酉, meaning alcohol/fermentation). Think of the 'steam' (发) coming off the fermenting food (酵).
Word Web
챌린지
You want to say 'The yogurt is fermenting.' in Chinese. Try to use '发酵' in your sentence. Answer: 酸奶正在发酵。 (Suānnǎi zhèngzài fājiào.) - The yogurt is fermenting.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Food and drink preparation
- 面包发酵了 (The bread has fermented.)
- 让面团发酵 (Let the dough ferment.)
- 葡萄酒发酵 (Wine fermentation)
Dairy products
- 酸奶是发酵奶制品 (Yogurt is a fermented dairy product.)
- 牛奶发酵 (Milk fermentation)
Brewing
- 啤酒发酵过程 (Beer fermentation process)
- 发酵罐 (Fermentation tank)
Metaphorical use (ideas/emotions spreading)
- 谣言在发酵 (Rumors are fermenting/spreading.)
- 情绪在发酵 (Emotions are fermenting/building up.)
Traditional Chinese medicine
- 中药发酵 (Fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine)
- 发酵的草药 (Fermented herbs)
대화 시작하기
"你喜欢吃发酵食品吗？(Do you like to eat fermented foods?)"
"你有没有尝试过自己制作发酵食品？(Have you ever tried to make fermented food yourself?)"
"你觉得发酵食品对健康有什么好处？(What benefits do you think fermented foods have for health?)"
"除了食物，你觉得还有什么东西会“发酵”？(Besides food, what else do you think can "ferment"?)"
"在你的文化中，有什么特别的发酵食物吗？(In your culture, are there any special fermented foods?)"
일기 주제
描述一次你制作发酵食品的经历，或者一次你尝试新发酵食品的经历。(Describe an experience you had making fermented food, or trying a new fermented food.)
写下你对发酵食品的看法，你喜欢它们的原因或不喜欢它们的原因。(Write down your thoughts on fermented foods, why you like them or why you don't.)
想想“发酵”这个词的引申义，在你的生活中有什么事情正在“发酵”？(Think about the extended meaning of the word "ferment". What is "fermenting" in your life?)
如果你要向朋友介绍一种发酵食品，你会介绍哪一种？为什么？(If you were to introduce a fermented food to a friend, which one would you introduce? Why?)
研究一下你国家的一种传统发酵食品，并写下它的制作过程和文化意义。(Research a traditional fermented food from your country and write about its production process and cultural significance.)
셀프 테스트 72 질문
Which food item commonly undergoes 发酵 (fā jiào) to be made?
Yeast makes bread dough ferment and rise. This is a very common use of the word.
If milk goes through 发酵 (fā jiào), what might it become?
Yogurt is a fermented milk product. This is a good example of 发酵.
Which of these processes involves 发酵 (fā jiào)?
Some types of tea, like black tea, undergo a fermentation process during production. This shows 发酵 in a less obvious context.
制作葡萄酒需要葡萄发酵。
Yes, wine is made from fermented grapes. 葡萄酒 (pú táo jiǔ) means 'wine'.
发酵后的食物总是变得有毒。
No, many fermented foods are safe and delicious, like yogurt and bread. 总是 (zǒng shì) means 'always', 有毒 (yǒu dú) means 'poisonous'.
所有蔬菜在制作泡菜时都需要发酵。
Yes, pickling vegetables to make kimchi involves a fermentation process. 泡菜 (pào cài) means 'kimchi/pickles'.
This yogurt is fermented. (Focus on '发酵')
The dough needs time to ferment. (Focus on '发酵')
They use traditional methods to ferment wine. (Focus on '发酵')
Read this aloud:
这个面包是天然发酵的。
Focus: fā jiào
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
酸菜是发酵的蔬菜。
Focus: fā jiào de shū cài
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
让面糊发酵一小时。
Focus: fā jiào yī xiǎo shí
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are baking bread. Describe what happens when the dough starts to rise. Use '发酵' (fājiào) in your answer.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
面团发酵了，所以变大了。 (The dough fermented, so it got bigger.)
You are making yogurt at home. Explain in one sentence what process turns milk into yogurt. Use '发酵' (fājiào).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
牛奶发酵后就变成了酸奶。 (Milk becomes yogurt after fermenting.)
Think about traditional Chinese food. Name a food that involves fermentation in its preparation. Write a short sentence about it, including '发酵' (fājiào).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
豆腐乳是豆子发酵做成的。 (Fermented tofu is made from fermented beans.)
根据短文，如果面团没有发酵，面包会怎么样？ (According to the passage, if the dough doesn't ferment, what will happen to the bread?)
Read this passage:
做面包的时候，我们需要让面团发酵。发酵后的面团会变得又软又大。如果没有发酵，面包就会很硬，不好吃。
根据短文，如果面团没有发酵，面包会怎么样？ (According to the passage, if the dough doesn't ferment, what will happen to the bread?)
短文说'如果没有发酵，面包就会很硬'。 (The passage says 'If it doesn't ferment, the bread will be very hard'.)
短文说'如果没有发酵，面包就会很硬'。 (The passage says 'If it doesn't ferment, the bread will be very hard'.)
这段话提到了哪两种发酵的饮料？ (What two fermented drinks are mentioned in this passage?)
Read this passage:
很多饮料都经过发酵。比如说，啤酒和葡萄酒都是通过发酵制作的。发酵让它们有了特别的味道。
这段话提到了哪两种发酵的饮料？ (What two fermented drinks are mentioned in this passage?)
短文明确提到'啤酒和葡萄酒都是通过发酵制作的'。 (The passage explicitly states 'Beer and wine are both made through fermentation'.)
短文明确提到'啤酒和葡萄酒都是通过发酵制作的'。 (The passage explicitly states 'Beer and wine are both made through fermentation'.)
除了改变味道，发酵对食物还有什么好处？ (Besides changing the taste, what other benefit does fermentation have for food?)
Read this passage:
在制作一些酸的食物时，发酵过程非常重要。例如，制作泡菜就需要蔬菜发酵。发酵不仅改变了味道，也让食物更容易保存。
除了改变味道，发酵对食物还有什么好处？ (Besides changing the taste, what other benefit does fermentation have for food?)
短文说'发酵……也让食物更容易保存'。 (The passage says 'fermentation... also makes food easier to preserve'.)
短文说'发酵……也让食物更容易保存'。 (The passage says 'fermentation... also makes food easier to preserve'.)
Choose the correct sentence: The dough needs to ferment for an hour.
The word '需要' (xūyào) means 'to need' and is appropriate here. '了' (le) makes it past tense or completed action, '必须' (bìxū) means 'must' which is too strong, and just '面团发酵一个小时' is grammatically incomplete.
Which food product is made through fermentation?
Bread dough ferments (发酵) to rise. Milk, eggs, and fruit do not typically involve fermentation in their basic form.
If something '发酵' (fājiào), what is happening to it?
Fermentation involves microorganisms breaking down substances, often producing gas and changing the substance's properties.
Yogurt is a fermented dairy product.
Yogurt is made by the bacterial fermentation of milk, which is a common use of '发酵'.
Fermentation always makes food go bad.
While some fermentation can lead to spoilage, many beneficial foods like bread, yogurt, and cheese are made through controlled fermentation.
Making wine involves the process of fermentation.
Wine is produced when yeast ferments the sugars in grapes, turning them into alcohol. This is a classic example of '发酵'.
Describe a food or drink that undergoes fermentation. Mention what ferments and how it changes the final product.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
酸奶是一种通过牛奶发酵制成的食物。发酵过程让牛奶变得更浓稠，味道也更酸。
Imagine you are explaining the concept of fermentation to a child. Write two sentences using simple language.
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Sample answer
发酵就像是小小的微生物在食物里工作，把食物变得不一样。比如，面包发酵后会变大，也更好吃。
Write a short paragraph about how fermentation is used in traditional Chinese cuisine. Give at least one example.
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Sample answer
在中国传统烹饪中，发酵是很常见的技术。例如，豆瓣酱就是一种经过长时间发酵的豆制品，它的味道非常浓郁，是很多川菜的灵魂。
根据这段文字，面团发酵需要什么条件？
Read this passage:
面团需要时间发酵才能变得松软。发酵过程通常需要温暖的环境。如果环境太冷，面团就不会很好地发酵。发酵好的面团烤出来会更香。
根据这段文字，面团发酵需要什么条件？
文章中明确提到“发酵过程通常需要温暖的环境”。
文章中明确提到“发酵过程通常需要温暖的环境”。
这段文字中提到了发酵食品的哪些益处？
Read this passage:
有些食物，比如酸奶和泡菜，都是通过发酵制作的。发酵不仅可以改变食物的味道，还可以帮助食物保存更长时间。科学家发现，发酵食品对肠道健康也有益处。
这段文字中提到了发酵食品的哪些益处？
文章中提到“发酵不仅可以改变食物的味道，还可以帮助食物保存更长时间。科学家发现，发酵食品对肠道健康也有益处。”
文章中提到“发酵不仅可以改变食物的味道，还可以帮助食物保存更长时间。科学家发现，发酵食品对肠道健康也有益处。”
在葡萄酒的发酵过程中，酵母的主要作用是什么？
Read this passage:
葡萄酒的制作离不开葡萄汁的发酵。在发酵过程中，酵母会将葡萄汁中的糖分转化为酒精。这个过程是制作葡萄酒最关键的一步。
在葡萄酒的发酵过程中，酵母的主要作用是什么？
文章中明确说明“在发酵过程中，酵母会将葡萄汁中的糖分转化为酒精”。
文章中明确说明“在发酵过程中，酵母会将葡萄汁中的糖分转化为酒精”。
这种面包之所以松软，是因为面团经过了充分的___。
面包的松软通常是面团发酵的结果。
葡萄酒的制作过程需要葡萄汁在特定条件下___。
葡萄酒是通过葡萄汁发酵而成的。
如果面团没有完全___，做出来的馒头会很硬。
面团发酵是馒头松软的关键步骤。
酸奶是通过牛奶___而制成的，对身体有益。
酸奶是乳制品发酵的产物。
这个新闻事件在社交媒体上迅速___，引起了广泛讨论。
在这里，'发酵'引申为事件或情绪的逐渐扩大和引起热烈讨论。
厨师提醒，制作泡菜的关键在于控制好___的时间和温度。
泡菜是通过蔬菜发酵制成的。
在制作酸奶的过程中，牛奶会因为细菌的作用而___，产生独特的风味。
Making yogurt involves fermentation, where bacteria transform milk.
这种酒的独特口感来源于其特殊的___工艺，需要长时间的耐心等待。
The unique taste of this wine comes from its special fermentation process, which requires long and patient waiting.
面团需要足够的时间___，才能变得蓬松柔软，烤出美味的面包。
Dough needs enough time to ferment to become fluffy and soft for delicious bread.
当情绪长时间得不到宣泄时，负面情绪就会在心中___，最终可能导致心理问题。
When emotions are not released for a long time, negative emotions will ferment in the heart, eventually leading to psychological problems.
这个谣言经过网络迅速___，造成了很大的社会影响。
This rumor rapidly fermented and spread online, causing a significant social impact.
他提出的新方案，在会议上引起了激烈的讨论，各种观点持续___。
The new proposal he put forward sparked heated discussions in the meeting, and various views continued to ferment.
在制作面包的过程中，面团需要充分___才能变得松软。
制作面包时，面团发酵是关键步骤，使其产生气泡，变得松软。
有些事情如果处理不当，会引起不必要的___。
这里“发酵”是比喻义，指事态扩大、情绪蔓延。
传统酿酒工艺中，谷物需要经过长时间的___才能转化成酒。
酿酒的核心过程就是谷物通过发酵作用产生酒精。
如果面团没有充分发酵，烤出来的面包会很硬。
面团发酵是为了产生二氧化碳，使面团膨胀，从而烤出松软的面包。未充分发酵的面包会很密实，口感硬。
社会上的一些谣言，如果得不到及时澄清，很容易发酵成更大的社会问题。
“发酵”在这里是比喻，指谣言像发酵一样，不断扩大、蔓延，最终可能引发严重的社会影响。
制作酸奶时，牛奶在高温下快速发酵，就能缩短制作时间。
酸奶的发酵需要特定的温度和时间，并非越高越好，过高的温度会杀死乳酸菌，反而影响发酵效果。
Imagine you are a food scientist explaining the process of making sourdough bread. Describe how the dough ferments, using the word 发酵. What changes happen during this process? (Minimum 50 characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
制作酸面包时，面团会发酵。酵母和细菌将面粉中的糖转化为酒精和二氧化碳，使面团膨胀并产生独特的酸味。这是一个复杂的化学反应过程，对面包的口感和风味至关重要。
You are writing a blog post about traditional Chinese fermented foods. Pick one food (e.g., tofu, soy sauce, rice wine) and explain the role of 发酵 in its creation and its cultural significance. (Minimum 50 characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
豆腐乳是中国传统发酵食品的代表。制作过程中，豆腐块通过微生物发酵，蛋白质分解，产生独特的鲜味和软糯的质地。它不仅是一种美味的调味品，也是中国饮食文化中不可或缺的一部分。
You are a winemaker. Describe the fermentation process for grapes. How does 发酵 turn grape juice into wine? What factors influence the outcome? (Minimum 50 characters)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
在葡萄酒酿造中，葡萄汁通过发酵转化为葡萄酒。酵母将葡萄中的糖分转化为酒精和二氧化碳。这个过程的温度控制非常关键，不同的酵母菌株和发酵时间也会影响最终葡萄酒的风味和香气。
根据这段文字，泡菜发酵过程中会发生什么？
Read this passage:
在制作泡菜的过程中，蔬菜会经历一个重要的发酵阶段。乳酸菌将蔬菜中的糖分转化为乳酸，从而产生泡菜特有的酸味和保存效果。这个发酵过程不仅能延长食物的保质期，还能增加其营养价值。
根据这段文字，泡菜发酵过程中会发生什么？
文章明确指出“乳酸菌将蔬菜中的糖分转化为乳酸”。
文章明确指出“乳酸菌将蔬菜中的糖分转化为乳酸”。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
啤酒的酿造离不开酵母的发酵作用。在发酵罐中，酵母将麦芽汁中的可发酵糖转化为酒精和二氧化碳。这个过程不仅赋予啤酒独特的风味和气泡，也是决定啤酒酒精度的关键步骤。不同的发酵条件会产生不同风格的啤酒。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
文章详细描述了酵母如何通过发酵将麦芽汁转化为啤酒，强调了其在酿造过程中的核心作用。
文章详细描述了酵母如何通过发酵将麦芽汁转化为啤酒，强调了其在酿造过程中的核心作用。
关于酸奶的发酵，下列哪项是正确的？
Read this passage:
酸奶是一种受欢迎的乳制品，它的制作过程也涉及发酵。牛奶中的乳糖在乳酸菌的作用下发酵，产生乳酸，使牛奶凝固并带有酸味。这种发酵不仅改善了酸奶的口感，还使其更容易消化，并增加了益生菌的含量。
关于酸奶的发酵，下列哪项是正确的？
文章清楚地指出“牛奶中的乳糖在乳酸菌的作用下发酵，产生乳酸”。
文章清楚地指出“牛奶中的乳糖在乳酸菌的作用下发酵，产生乳酸”。
This sentence describes the state of the dough after fermentation. The correct order places the subject '面团' first, followed by the adverb '已经', the verb '发酵', the complement '好', and the particle '了' to indicate completion.
This sentence explains the effect of the fermentation process on food. The subject '这个发酵过程' is followed by the verb '会' (will), the causative verb '让' (make), the object '食物', the adverb '更' (more), and the adjective '独特' (unique).
This sentence emphasizes the importance of temperature control for fermentation. '良好地控制温度' (to control temperature well) is the condition, followed by '才能' (only then can), and '发酵过程' (the fermentation process).
这种酒需要长时间的___才能酿出独特的风味。
只有“发酵”才能指通过微生物作用使物质分解，产生酒的独特风味。
社会舆论的___，使得这项政策不得不重新审视。
在这里，“发酵”引申指事态或情绪在酝酿中逐渐扩大影响，与舆论的逐渐升级相符。
面包制作过程中，酵母菌的___是关键步骤。
酵母菌通过发酵产生二氧化碳，使面团膨胀，是面包制作的重要环节。
这起丑闻的___，对公司的声誉造成了巨大打击。
丑闻的发酵意味着其影响力持续扩大，对公司声誉造成长期负面影响。
葡萄酒在橡木桶中___的时间越长，其口感越醇厚。
葡萄酒在橡木桶中会进行二次发酵，以提升风味和口感。
一些负面情绪如果不及时排解，就会在内心___，最终可能导致心理问题。
情绪的“发酵”形象地比喻负面情绪在内心逐渐积累和恶化。
This sentence describes how an event 'fermented' or developed in society, leading to widespread discussion. The structure follows a typical Chinese sentence pattern of subject-time/place-verb-object.
This sentence explains the fermentation process in winemaking, where yeast converts grape juice into alcohol. The phrase '使...发酵成...' is a key structure here.
This sentence illustrates how rumors 'ferment' or spread rapidly and become difficult to control once they start. The structure '一旦...就...' (once...then...) is common.
/ 72 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
发酵 (fā jiào) is commonly used to describe the process of fermentation in food and drink, but it can also refer to situations escalating or brewing.
- Process of breaking down substances by microorganisms
- Used for making food like bread, yogurt, and alcohol
- Can also describe events developing or escalating
Basic Meaning of 发酵
发酵 (fājiào) literally means to ferment. Think of it like making bread rise or turning grapes into wine.
Everyday Use: Food
You'll most often hear 发酵 when talking about food production. For example, 啤酒发酵 (píjiǔ fājiào) is beer fermentation, and 酸奶发酵 (suānnǎi fājiào) is yogurt fermentation.
Context is Key
While its primary meaning is fermentation, sometimes it's used more broadly for things that are developing or brewing, though still often with a biological or chemical undertone. Don't overthink it at A2, stick to food.
Common Collocations
Look for words like 面包 (miànbāo - bread), 酒精 (jiǔjīng - alcohol), or 细菌 (xìjùn - bacteria) when you see 发酵. These words often appear together.
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food 관련 단어
一两
B1Fifty grams; a Chinese unit of weight (approx. 50g).
一斤
B1Half a kilogram; a Chinese unit of weight (approx. 500g).
一袋
B1A bag of.
少一点儿
A2A bit less.
多一点儿
A2A bit more.
一口
B1A mouthful; a bite; a small amount (of food or drink).
一瓶
B1A bottle of.
一碗
B1Measure word for a bowl of food.
一盒
B1A box of.
一杯
B1Measure word for a cup of liquid.
