B1 Conjunctions & Connectors 6 min read Easy

Concession: Using 'In Spite Of' (bi-al-raghm min)

Use بالرغم من أنّ to connect a complete sentence of concession, acting as a sophisticated alternative to 'but'.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'bi-al-raghm min' (بالرغم من) to express contrast between two ideas, similar to 'despite' or 'in spite of' in English.

  • Follow with a noun: بالرغم من المطر (In spite of the rain)
  • Follow with a pronoun: بالرغم منه (In spite of it)
  • Follow with 'anna' + noun/pronoun: بالرغم من أنني متعب (In spite of the fact that I am tired)
Obstacle (بالرغم من) + Result

Overview

Expressing contrast is fundamental to sophisticated communication in any language. In Arabic, the phrase بالرغم من (bi-al-raghm min), meaning “in spite of” or “despite,” serves this crucial function, allowing you to present a scenario where a certain condition or obstacle exists, yet a contrary or unexpected action or outcome still occurs. It’s a powerful tool for linking two contrasting ideas, with the first idea (introduced by بالرغم من) representing a challenge or circumstance that ultimately does not prevent the second idea (the main clause) from happening.

This construction signals a nuanced relationship between clauses, moving beyond simple opposition to imply resilience, surprise, or an overcoming of difficulties. For B1 learners, mastering بالرغم من significantly enhances your ability to articulate complex thoughts and arguments, preparing you for more advanced discussions and written communication.

This phrase elevates your discourse by providing a more formal and structured way to convey concession compared to simpler conjunctions like لكن (lākin, “but”). It often introduces the challenging factor at the beginning of the sentence, setting a context of an anticipated difficulty before revealing that this difficulty was overcome or irrelevant to the final outcome. Its presence is ubiquitous in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), found in academic texts, news reports, formal speeches, and educated conversations.

Understanding its structure and nuances is key to sounding more articulate and comprehending advanced Arabic texts. The core idea is to highlight a circumstance that intuitively should have altered the subsequent event, but paradoxically, it did not. This creates a sense of emphasis on the second part of the sentence, underscoring its persistence despite the initial condition.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, بالرغم من (bi-al-raghm min) is a compound prepositional phrase. Let's break down its components: the preposition بِـ (bi-, “with” or “by”), the noun الرغم (ar-raghm, “reluctance,” “aversion,” “despite”), and the preposition مِنْ (min, “from” or “of”). Literally, it translates to “by the despite of” or “with the reluctance of,” conveying the idea that an action proceeds in the face of some contrary element.
The noun الرغم is derived from the triliteral root ر-غ-م (R-Gh-M), which inherently carries connotations of unwillingness, compulsion, or acting despite opposition.
Grammatically, بالرغم من functions as a concessive conjunction. It introduces a subordinate clause or phrase that expresses a concession—an acknowledgment of a fact that might be expected to hinder the action of the main clause, but does not. Unlike لكن (lākin), which merely connects two contrasting independent clauses (e.g., “I am tired, but I will go”), بالرغم من typically introduces the obstacle or surprising condition first, foregrounding it.
This structural choice emphasizes the resilience or unexpected nature of the main action. The phrase always requires a noun or a nominalized sentence (a sentence transformed to function as a noun) to follow من, as من is a preposition and prepositions in Arabic must be followed by a noun or a construct that acts as a noun. This is a fundamental principle of Arabic syntax: a preposition governs the genitive case (مجرور) for the noun that immediately follows it.
When بالرغم من is followed by a full sentence, that sentence must be nominalized. This is most commonly achieved through أنَّ (anna, “that”), one of the أخوات إنَّ (akhawāt inna, “sisters of inna”). When أنَّ precedes a sentence, it turns that entire sentence into a مصدر مؤول (masdar mu'awwal, “interpreted infinitive” or “nominalized clause”), allowing it to function as a noun in the genitive case, governed by من.
For example, in بالرغم من أنّ الجو بارد، خرجنا (bi-al-raghm min anna al-jawwu bārid, kharajnā – “Despite the fact that the weather is cold, we went out”), the entire clause أنّ الجو بارد (anna al-jawwu bārid) acts as the object of the preposition من, making the structure grammatically sound. This mechanism is crucial for understanding how بالرغم من integrates complex ideas into a single, cohesive sentence.

Formation Pattern

1
Mastering the formation patterns of بالرغم من is essential for its correct application. The structure largely depends on whether you are conceding a noun, a nominal sentence, or a verbal sentence. Arabic's requirement for prepositions to be followed by nouns dictates the use of أنَّ or a direct noun/masdar. Observe the following patterns:
2
بالرغم من + Definite Noun (مجرور - Genitive Case)
3
This is the simplest and most direct pattern. The noun immediately following من must be in the genitive case (مجرور), indicated by a kasra (ــِ) for singular nouns or their appropriate genitive marker. It must also be definite, often with the definite article الـ (al-).
4
Formula: بالرغم من + الـاسم (مجرور)
5
Example 1: بالرغم من المطرِ، ذهبوا إلى الحديقة. (bi-al-raghm min al-matari, dhahabū ilā al-ḥadīqah.)
6
Translation: Despite the rain, they went to the park.
7
Example 2: بالرغم من التحدياتِ، حقق الفريق فوزاً عظيماً. (bi-al-raghm min at-taḥaddiyāti, ḥaqqaqa al-farīqu fawzan ʿaẓīman.)
8
Translation: Despite the challenges, the team achieved a great victory.
9
Example 3: بالرغم من الصعوباتِ، أكمل المشروع بنجاح. (bi-al-raghm min aṣ-ṣuʿūbāti, akmala al-mashrūʿu bi-najāḥ.)
10
Translation: Despite the difficulties, the project was completed successfully.
11
بالرغم من أنّ + Nominal Sentence
12
When the concession is a full statement (a subject and its predicate), you must use أنّ (anna) to nominalize the sentence. Remember that أنّ is one of the أخوات إنّ (akhawāt inna), which means it takes a subject in the accusative case (منصوب) and a predicate in the nominative case (مرفوع). The subject can be an attached pronoun or a separate noun.
13
Formula: بالرغم من + أنّ + اسم أنَّ (منصوب) + خبر أنَّ (مرفوع)
14
Example 1 (Pronoun Subject): بالرغم من أنّهُ مريضٌ، حضر الاجتماع. (bi-al-raghm min annahu marīḍun, ḥaḍara al-ijtimāʿa.)
15
Translation: Despite that he is sick, he attended the meeting. (Despite being sick, he attended the meeting.)
16
Example 2 (Noun Subject): بالرغم من أنّ الدراسةَ صعبةٌ، أحبها جداً. (bi-al-raghm min anna ad-dirāsata ṣaʿbatun, aḥabbuhā jiddan.)
17
Translation: Despite that the study is difficult, I love it very much. (Despite the difficulty of study, I love it very much.)
18
Example 3 (Attached pronoun): بالرغم من أنّها مشغولةٌ، تجد وقتاً لأصدقائها. (bi-al-raghm min annahā mashghūlatun, tajidu waqtan li-aṣdiqā'ihā.)
19
Translation: Despite that she is busy, she finds time for her friends.
20
بالرغم من أنّ + Verbal Sentence (Implied Masdar Mu'awwal)
21
This pattern is essentially an extension of the previous one, where أنّ precedes a sentence that starts with a verb. Even though it appears to be a verbal sentence, أنّ still performs its nominalizing function, turning the entire verbal clause into an implied مصدر مؤول that is in the genitive case after من.
22
Formula: بالرغم من + أنّ + [فاعل] + [فعل] + [مفعول به/تكملة الجملة]
23
Example 1: بالرغم من أنّهُ سافرَ مبكراً، فاتته الطائرة. (bi-al-raghm min annahu sāfara mubakkiran, fātathu aṭ-ṭā'irah.)
24
Translation: Despite that he traveled early, he missed the plane. (Despite traveling early, he missed the plane.)
25
Example 2: بالرغم من أنّهم اجتهدوا كثيراً، لم يحصلوا على النتائج المرجوة. (bi-al-raghm min annahum ijtahadū kathīran, lam yaḥṣulū ʿalā an-natā'ij al-marjūwah.)
26
Translation: Despite that they worked hard a lot, they did not achieve the desired results. (Despite their great effort, they did not achieve the desired results.)
27
Example 3: بالرغم من أنّني أحاولُ جاهداً، لا أستطيع أن أفهم هذا. (bi-al-raghm min annanī uḥāwilu jāhidan, lā astaṭīʿu an afhama hādhā.)
28
Translation: Despite that I am trying hard, I cannot understand this.
29
بالرغم من عدم + Masdar (for Negation)
30
To express

Formation Patterns

Type Structure Example
Noun
بالرغم من + Noun
بالرغم من المطر
Pronoun
بالرغم من + Pronoun
بالرغم منه
Clausal
بالرغم من أن + Sentence
بالرغم من أنني متعب

Meanings

This phrase introduces a concessive clause, indicating that the main action occurs despite a conflicting circumstance.

1

Direct Concession

Used to connect a noun phrase to a main clause.

“بالرغم من الزحام، وصلت في الوقت. (Despite the traffic, I arrived on time.)”

“بالرغم من التكلفة، اشتريته. (Despite the cost, I bought it.)”

2

Clausal Concession

Used with 'anna' to connect a full sentence.

“بالرغم من أنني مريض، سأدرس. (Even though I am sick, I will study.)”

“بالرغم من أن الوقت متأخر، اتصل بي. (Even though it is late, he called me.)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Concession: Using 'In Spite Of' (bi-al-raghm min)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
بالرغم من + Noun
بالرغم من التعب، عملت
Pronoun
بالرغم من + Pronoun
بالرغم منه، ذهبت
Clausal
بالرغم من أن + Sentence
بالرغم من أنني مريض، درست
Negative
بالرغم من عدم + Masdar
بالرغم من عدم حضوره، نجح
Past
بالرغم من أنني + Past Verb
بالرغم من أنني أكلت، جعت
Future
بالرغم من أنني + Future Verb
بالرغم من أنني سأخسر، سأحاول

Formality Spectrum

Formal
بالرغم من هطول الأمطار، قمنا بالرحلة.

بالرغم من هطول الأمطار، قمنا بالرحلة. (Travel plans)

Neutral
بالرغم من المطر، ذهبنا.

بالرغم من المطر، ذهبنا. (Travel plans)

Informal
مع أن الدنيا مطر، رحنا.

مع أن الدنيا مطر، رحنا. (Travel plans)

Slang
رغم المطر، رحنا.

رغم المطر، رحنا. (Travel plans)

Concession Map

بالرغم من

Followed by

  • اسم Noun
  • ضمير Pronoun
  • أن + جملة anna + sentence

Concession vs Contrast

Concession
بالرغم من Despite
Contrast
لكن But

Decision Flow

1

Is it a noun?

YES
Use: بالرغم من + Noun
NO
Use: بالرغم من أن + Sentence

Examples by Level

1

بالرغم من المطر، لعبنا.

Despite the rain, we played.

2

بالرغم من التعب، درست.

Despite the tiredness, I studied.

3

بالرغم من الحر، خرجت.

Despite the heat, I went out.

4

بالرغم من الزحام، وصلت.

Despite the traffic, I arrived.

1

بالرغم من أنني متعب، سأعمل.

Even though I am tired, I will work.

2

بالرغم من أن الفيلم طويل، أحببته.

Even though the movie is long, I liked it.

3

بالرغم من أن الطعام حار، أكلته.

Even though the food is spicy, I ate it.

4

بالرغم من أن الجو بارد، لعبنا.

Even though the weather is cold, we played.

1

بالرغم من كل الصعوبات، نجحنا.

Despite all the difficulties, we succeeded.

2

بالرغم من أنني لم أنم، ذهبت.

Even though I didn't sleep, I went.

3

بالرغم من رأيه، قررت الذهاب.

Despite his opinion, I decided to go.

4

بالرغم من أن الوقت تأخر، اتصل.

Even though it was late, he called.

1

بالرغم من التحديات الاقتصادية، استمر المشروع.

Despite the economic challenges, the project continued.

2

بالرغم من أن النتائج غير واضحة، سنكمل.

Even though the results are unclear, we will continue.

3

بالرغم من التحذيرات، سافروا.

Despite the warnings, they traveled.

4

بالرغم من أن القانون صارم، خالفوه.

Even though the law is strict, they violated it.

1

بالرغم من تعقيدات الموقف، وجدنا حلاً.

Despite the complexities of the situation, we found a solution.

2

بالرغم من أن النظرية تبدو بسيطة، فهي عميقة.

Even though the theory seems simple, it is profound.

3

بالرغم من المعارضة الشديدة، تم التصويت.

Despite the intense opposition, the vote took place.

4

بالرغم من أن الأدلة قليلة، استنتجنا.

Even though the evidence is scarce, we concluded.

1

بالرغم من التناقضات الظاهرة، يظل النص متماسكاً.

Despite the apparent contradictions, the text remains coherent.

2

بالرغم من أن السياق التاريخي غامض، فهمنا.

Even though the historical context is obscure, we understood.

3

بالرغم من التغيرات الجذرية، حافظوا على الهوية.

Despite the radical changes, they preserved the identity.

4

بالرغم من أن الفرضية جريئة، فهي مقبولة.

Even though the hypothesis is bold, it is acceptable.

Easily Confused

Concession: Using 'In Spite Of' (bi-al-raghm min) vs Lakin (But)

Learners use 'lakin' when they should use 'bi-al-raghm min'.

Concession: Using 'In Spite Of' (bi-al-raghm min) vs Ma'a anna (Although)

They mean almost the same thing.

Concession: Using 'In Spite Of' (bi-al-raghm min) vs Raghma (Despite)

Learners forget 'min' after 'raghma'.

Common Mistakes

بالرغم المطر

بالرغم من المطر

Missing the preposition 'min'.

بالرغم من ذهبت

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Cannot follow 'min' with a verb.

بالرغم من أنني ذهاب

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Wrong verb form after 'anna'.

بالرغم من هو متعب

بالرغم من أنه متعب

Missing the suffix on 'anna'.

بالرغم من أنني أكل

بالرغم من أنني أكلت

Tense mismatch.

بالرغم من أنني سأذهب

بالرغم من أنني سأذهب

Actually correct, but often confused with past.

بالرغم من أنني أكون متعب

بالرغم من أنني متعب

Unnecessary 'to be' verb.

بالرغم من أنني قد ذهبت

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Redundant 'qad'.

بالرغم من أنني أكون قد ذهبت

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Over-complicating the verb.

بالرغم من أنني لم أكن أذهب

بالرغم من أنني لم أذهب

Unnecessary past continuous.

بالرغم من كونه أنني ذهبت

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Double connector error.

بالرغم من أنني أكون ذاهب

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Incorrect participle usage.

بالرغم من أنني كنت سأذهب

بالرغم من أنني سأذهب

Tense confusion.

بالرغم من أنني قد كنت ذهبت

بالرغم من أنني ذهبت

Too many auxiliaries.

Sentence Patterns

بالرغم من ___، فعلت ذلك.

بالرغم من أنني ___، فعلت ذلك.

بالرغم من أن ___، سأستمر.

بالرغم من ___، كان النجاح حليفنا.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

بالرغم من التعب، استمتعت باليوم!

Job Interview common

بالرغم من قلة خبرتي، أنا سريع التعلم.

Texting very common

رغم الزحمة، أنا جاي.

News Report constant

بالرغم من التحذيرات، استمرت المظاهرات.

Food Delivery App occasional

بالرغم من التأخير، الطعام كان لذيذاً.

Travel Blog common

بالرغم من غلاء الأسعار، المدينة جميلة.

💡

Use 'anna'

If you want to use a verb, always add 'anna' after 'min'. It turns your verb into a noun clause.
⚠️

Don't skip 'min'

The phrase is 'bi-al-raghm min'. Skipping 'min' is a common error that makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.
🎯

Vary your vocabulary

Use 'ma'a anna' for a softer tone and 'bi-al-raghm min' for a stronger, more formal tone.
💬

Dialectal usage

In casual speech, you might hear 'raghm' without 'min'. This is fine in texting but avoid it in formal writing.

Smart Tips

Use 'bi-al-raghm min' instead of 'lakin'.

كان الجو بارد، لكن خرجت. بالرغم من برودة الجو، خرجت.

Always add 'anna' to turn the verb into a noun clause.

بالرغم من درست، نجحت. بالرغم من أنني درست، نجحت.

Use it to introduce a counter-argument.

البعض يقول هذا، لكن الحقيقة هي... بالرغم من أن البعض يقول هذا، إلا أن الحقيقة هي...

Use 'raghma' instead of 'bi-al-raghm min' for brevity.

بالرغم من المطر، ذهبت. رغم المطر، ذهبت.

Pronunciation

bi-al-RAGHM min

Emphasis

Emphasize 'raghm' to show contrast.

min-al-...

Linking

Link 'min' to the following word.

Contrastive

بالرغم من [pause] المطر، ذهبنا.

Pause after the connector to highlight the obstacle.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'Raghm' sounds like 'Rugged'. Despite the rugged road, I kept going.

Visual Association

Imagine a person walking through a heavy rainstorm with an umbrella. The rain is the 'obstacle' (noun), and the person walking is the 'result'.

Rhyme

بالرغم من المطر، خرجت في السفر

Story

Ahmed wanted to study. Despite the noise (بالرغم من الضجيج), he focused. Even though he was tired (بالرغم من أنه متعب), he finished his book. He felt proud.

Word Web

بالرغممنأنرغمصعوبةتحدي

Challenge

Write 3 sentences about your day using 'bi-al-raghm min' in 5 minutes.

Cultural Notes

Often shortened to 'raghm' or 'ma'a enno' in daily speech.

Uses 'raghm' frequently in casual conversation.

Tends to use the full 'bi-al-raghm min' in formal contexts.

Derived from the root 'r-gh-m', meaning 'to force' or 'to compel'.

Conversation Starters

هل خرجت بالرغم من المطر؟

بالرغم من أنك متعب، هل ستدرس؟

بالرغم من التحديات، ما هو هدفك؟

بالرغم من أنك لا تحب العمل، لماذا تستمر؟

Journal Prompts

Write about a day when you were busy but still did something fun.
Describe a challenge you faced at work or school and how you overcame it.
Discuss a controversial topic and acknowledge the opposing view.
Reflect on a long-term goal and the obstacles you have faced.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.

___ المطر، خرجت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من
Requires the concessive connector.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

بالرغم المطر، ذهبت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من المطر
Needs 'min'.
Select the correct structure. Multiple Choice

بالرغم من ___ متعب، درست.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أنني
Needs 'anna' + pronoun suffix.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من المطر خرجت
Correct word order.
Translate to Arabic. Translation

Despite the cost, I bought it.

Answer starts with: بال...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من التكلفة، اشتريته
Correct translation.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: هل ذهبت للعمل؟ B: نعم، ___ تعبي.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من
Shows contrast.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

بالرغم من أنني مريض، سأذهب.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كلاهما صحيح
Both word orders are valid.
Sort by type. Grammar Sorting

Which follows 'bi-al-raghm min'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Noun
It's a preposition.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.

___ المطر، خرجت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من
Requires the concessive connector.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

بالرغم المطر، ذهبت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من المطر
Needs 'min'.
Select the correct structure. Multiple Choice

بالرغم من ___ متعب، درست.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أنني
Needs 'anna' + pronoun suffix.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

المطر / بالرغم / من / خرجت

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من المطر خرجت
Correct word order.
Translate to Arabic. Translation

Despite the cost, I bought it.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من التكلفة، اشتريته
Correct translation.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: هل ذهبت للعمل؟ B: نعم، ___ تعبي.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من
Shows contrast.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

بالرغم من أنني مريض، سأذهب.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: كلاهما صحيح
Both word orders are valid.
Sort by type. Grammar Sorting

Which follows 'bi-al-raghm min'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Noun
It's a preposition.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Complete the sentence Fill in the Blank

سأشتري السيارة بالرغم من ___ الغالي.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سعرها
Match the start of the sentence with its logical completion Match Pairs

Match the contrasting ideas

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646","\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641","\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629"]
Arrange the words to form a correct sentence Sentence Reorder

الزحمة / وصلتُ / بالرغم / من / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: وصلتُ بالرغم من الزحمة.
Select the correct negation form Multiple Choice

He came despite not being invited. = جاء بالرغم من ___ دعوته.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عدم
Translate 'Despite the noise' Translation

How do you say 'Despite the noise' in Arabic?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من الضجيج
Fix the grammar Error Correction

سافرنا بالرغم من أن الجو عاصفاً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سافرنا بالرغم من أن الجوَّ عاصفٌ.
Choose the pivot word Fill in the Blank

بالرغم من صعوبة الموقف، ___ أننا تصرفنا بحكمة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: إلا
Identify the synonym Multiple Choice

Which phrase is interchangeable with 'بالرغم من'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: على الرغم من
Order the sentence Sentence Reorder

أنه / بالرغم / صغير / من / قوي / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من أنه صغير، قوي.
Preposition check Fill in the Blank

بالرغم ___ ذلك، أحبك.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من
Translate to English Translation

بالرغم من كل شيء

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Despite everything
Grammar check: Pronouns Multiple Choice

Select the correct attached pronoun for 'Despite that I...'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بالرغم من أنني

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

No, you must use 'bi-al-raghm min anna' + verb clause.

It is neutral to formal. It is perfect for essays and professional emails.

'Raghma' is a shorter, more direct preposition. 'Bi-al-raghm min' is a compound version.

It is usually at the beginning or middle. Placing it at the end is rare and sounds unnatural.

No, it does not affect the verb tense.

Yes, but some dialects prefer 'ma'a enno' or 'raghm'.

Yes, e.g., 'bi-al-raghm minhu' (in spite of it).

The sentence will be grammatically incorrect.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

A pesar de

Spanish uses 'a pesar de que' for clauses.

French high

Malgré

Arabic doesn't change the verb mood after 'anna'.

German moderate

Trotz

Case system in German vs prepositional structure in Arabic.

Japanese partial

Ni mo kakawarazu

Japanese is SOV, Arabic is VSO/SVO.

Chinese high

尽管 (Jǐnguǎn)

Chinese doesn't have the 'min' prepositional requirement.

Arabic high

Raghma

No 'min' needed with 'raghma'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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