نشيط in 30 Seconds
- Nashit means active or energetic.
- It is used for people, animals, and markets.
- The feminine form is Nashita.
- The plural form is Nashitoon.
The Arabic word نشيط (Nashit) is a foundational adjective that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it describes a state of being characterized by high energy, industriousness, and a proactive attitude. Unlike words that simply mean 'busy' or 'fast,' nashit implies a positive, purposeful movement. It is the opposite of being lazy or lethargic. When you call someone nashit, you are complimenting their vitality and their willingness to engage with tasks wholeheartedly. This word is deeply rooted in the concept of 'Nashat' (activity/energy), which is seen as a highly desirable trait in both personal and professional spheres of Arab culture.
- Physical Energy
- Used to describe a person who exercises regularly or moves with agility. A child running in the park is nashit.
- Professional Diligence
- In an office setting, it refers to the 'go-getter'—the employee who completes tasks ahead of time and shows initiative.
- Mental Alertness
- It can also describe a mind that is sharp and ready to learn, often used by teachers to praise students who participate actively in class.
الولد نشيط جداً في الصباح. (The boy is very active in the morning.)
Understanding the cultural weight of nashit is essential. In many Arab societies, being early to rise and starting the day with 'Nashat' is a point of pride. There is a common cultural proverb that suggests 'blessing is in the early start,' and nashit is the adjective used for those who embody this spirit. It isn't just about physical movement; it's about the spirit of productivity. You might hear it used to describe a market that is 'active' (souq nashit) or even an immune system that is 'active' in a medical context.
الموظف نشيط ويحب عمله. (The employee is energetic and loves his work.)
- Morning Usage
- Commonly used after drinking coffee to describe the sudden burst of energy.
- Academic Praise
- Teachers use it as a standard positive feedback on report cards for students who participate.
أنا أشعر أنني نشيط اليوم. (I feel that I am energetic today.)
Using نشيط correctly requires an understanding of basic Arabic grammar, specifically adjective-noun agreement. In Arabic, adjectives must match the noun they describe in four areas: gender, number, definiteness, and case. Because nashit is a standard adjective, it follows these rules predictably. For a masculine singular noun, you use nashit (نشيط). For a feminine singular noun, you add the 'Taa Marbuta' to get nashita (نشيطة). For plurals, it typically takes the sound masculine plural nashitoon (نشيطون) or the sound feminine plural nashitat (نشيطات).
- Subject-Predicate Sentences
- When saying 'The student is active,' you say 'Al-talibu nashit.' Here, nashit is the news (khabar) about the student.
- Attributive Adjectives
- When saying 'The active student went to school,' you say 'Al-talibu al-nashitu...' Notice how both the noun and adjective take the 'Al-' (the).
البنت نشيطة في دروسها. (The girl is active/diligent in her lessons.)
One of the most common ways to use nashit is in conjunction with verbs of feeling or becoming. For instance, using the verb 'asbaha' (to become), you can say 'Asbahtu nashitan' (I became energetic). Note the change in ending to 'an' due to the grammatical case rules for 'asbaha.' Similarly, after a long sleep, you might say 'Istaiqadhtu nashitan' (I woke up energetic), where nashitan acts as an adverbial adjective describing your state upon waking.
هؤلاء لاعبون نشيطون جداً. (These are very active players.)
- Adverbial Use
- Adding 'bi' to the noun form 'nashat' creates 'binashat' (with energy/actively), as in 'He works actively.'
- Comparative Form
- To say 'more active,' we use 'anshat' (أنشط). Example: 'Ahmed is more active than Ali.'
أريد أن أكون نشيطاً مثلك. (I want to be active like you.)
In the real world, نشيط is everywhere. If you turn on an Arabic news channel like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you might hear it in economic reports. A 'nashit' market (سوق نشيط) refers to a bullish or highly active trading environment where stocks are moving and volume is high. In political news, a 'member' of a group might be described as an 'udw nashit' (active member), implying they are heavily involved in the organization's daily operations rather than just being a figurehead.
- The Gym and Sports
- Coaches frequently use this word to motivate players. 'Kun nashitan!' (Be active!) is a common command during drills.
- The Classroom
- Teachers use it to describe students who participate. 'Anta talib nashit' is one of the first compliments an Arabic student might receive.
الحركة السياحية نشيطة هذا الصيف. (Tourism activity is active/vibrant this summer.)
In social media and daily conversation, nashit often appears in the context of health and lifestyle. Influencers talking about 'active lifestyles' use the term 'hayah nashita' (نشيطة حياة). You will also see it on apps; for example, 'Active now' on messaging platforms is often translated as 'Nashit al-an' (نشيط الآن). This digital usage has made the word even more common among the younger generation, who associate it with being online and available.
هو عضو نشيط في الجمعية. (He is an active member in the association.)
- Weather and Nature
- You might hear 'riyah nashita' (active/brisk winds) in a weather forecast, indicating winds that are strong but not quite a storm.
- Health Reports
- Doctors describe an 'active virus' or an 'active metabolism' using this adjective.
بدأ يومه بطريقة نشيطة. (He started his day in an active way.)
One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using نشيط is confusing it with the word for 'busy' (مشغول - mashghool). While an active person is often busy, the two words describe different things. Nashit describes the internal energy and quality of the person, while mashghool describes their schedule or current status of having tasks to do. You can be busy but lazy (doing things slowly and poorly), but you cannot be nashit and lazy at the same time.
- Gender Mismatch
- Failing to add the 'Taa Marbuta' (ة) when describing a woman. 'Muna nashit' is grammatically incorrect; it must be 'Muna nashita.'
- Confusion with 'Saree' (Fast)
- Learners often use 'saree' when they mean 'nashit.' 'Saree' refers to speed (velocity), while 'nashit' refers to energy levels.
Incorrect: البنت نشيط. Correct: البنت نشيطة.
Another mistake involves the plural forms. While 'nashitoon' is the standard plural for a group of men or a mixed group, learners sometimes struggle with the broken plural vs. sound plural. Fortunately, nashit follows the sound plural rule (adding -oon or -at), making it easier than many other Arabic adjectives. However, some dialects might use 'nashiteen' in all plural cases, so be aware of regional variations while sticking to the standard 'nashitoon' for formal writing.
ليست كل نشيطة مشغولة. (Not every active woman is busy.)
- Case Errors
- In formal Arabic, forgetting the 'tanween' (nashitan) when the word is an object or after 'kana' is a common error in writing.
- Overusing 'Jiddan'
- While 'nashit jiddan' (very active) is correct, advanced learners should try using 'nashit lil-ghaya' for variety.
كن نشيطاً ولا تكن كسلاناً. (Be active and do not be lazy.)
While نشيط is the most common word for 'active,' Arabic is a rich language with many synonyms that offer slightly different shades of meaning. Choosing the right one can make your speech sound more natural and sophisticated. For instance, if you want to emphasize hard work and study, mujtahid is often a better choice. If you want to emphasize life and vibrancy, hayawi is the way to go.
- Mujtahid (مجتهد)
- Focuses on the effort and diligence. A student who studies for 10 hours is mujtahid, while a student who participates a lot in class is nashit.
- Hayawi (حيوي)
- Derived from 'hayah' (life). It means 'vibrant' or 'full of life.' It’s often used for personalities or city districts.
- Fa'aal (فعال)
- Means 'effective' or 'active' in a functional sense. Used for medications or roles in a committee.
هو طالب مجتهد و نشيط. (He is a diligent and active student.)
In some contexts, you might also use 'mutaqadh' (متوقد), which literally means 'burning' or 'glowing,' often used to describe an 'active' or 'brilliant' mind (dhihn mutaqadh). For physical agility, 'rasheeq' (رشيق) is used, meaning 'graceful' or 'nimble.' Knowing these differences allows you to describe people with much more precision. For example, a dancer might be 'rasheeq' and 'nashit,' while a scientist might be 'mujtahid' and 'nashit.'
المدينة حيوية جداً في الليل. (The city is very vibrant at night.)
- Tahallan bil-nashat (تحلى بالنشاط)
- A more poetic way to say 'be active,' literally 'be adorned with activity.'
- Dhu himma (ذو همة)
- Someone with high resolve or ambition. This is a very high compliment in Arabic.
نحن نحتاج إلى عمال نشيطين. (We need active workers.)
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The same root is used for 'Anshita' (activities), which is the word used for extracurriculars in schools.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 't' like a soft English 't' instead of the emphatic Arabic 'Ta'.
- Shortening the 'ee' sound.
- Forgetting the feminine 'ah' sound in 'Nashita'.
- Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's'.
- Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
Difficulty Rating
Easy to read once the 'sh' and 'ee' sounds are mastered.
Simple spelling with common letters.
Requires practice with the emphatic 'T' sound.
Distinctive sound, easy to identify in speech.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Adjective Agreement
البنت النشيطة (The active girl) - both are feminine and definite.
Comparative Adjectives
أنا أنشط منك (I am more active than you) - using the Af'al pattern.
Adverbial Accusative
جاء الولد نشيطاً (The boy came [while being] active).
Sound Masculine Plural
المعلمون نشيطون (The teachers are active) - adding 'oon'.
Sound Feminine Plural
المعلمات نشيطات (The female teachers are active) - adding 'at'.
Examples by Level
أنا نشيط.
I am active.
Subject 'Ana' (I) + Adjective 'Nashit'.
هو ولد نشيط.
He is an active boy.
Masculine singular agreement.
هي بنت نشيطة.
She is an active girl.
Feminine singular agreement with 'ah' ending.
أبي نشيط جداً.
My father is very active.
Using 'jiddan' for emphasis.
القط نشيط.
The cat is active.
Describing an animal.
أمي نشيطة في المطبخ.
My mother is active in the kitchen.
Feminine agreement.
أنت نشيط اليوم.
You (m) are active today.
Addressing a male second person.
هل أنت نشيطة؟
Are you (f) active?
Question form for female.
الطالب النشيط يدرس كثيراً.
The active student studies a lot.
Attributive adjective matching 'Al-'.
نحن طلاب نشيطون.
We are active students.
Masculine plural 'oon' ending.
البنات نشيطات في المدرسة.
The girls are active in school.
Feminine plural 'at' ending.
أستيقظ نشيطاً كل صباح.
I wake up energetic every morning.
Adverbial usage (accusative case).
أخي ليس كسلاناً، هو نشيط.
My brother is not lazy, he is active.
Contrast with antonym 'Kaslan'.
هذا المعلم نشيط جداً.
This teacher is very energetic.
Demonstrative pronoun 'Hadha'.
اللاعب النشيط فاز بالسباق.
The active player won the race.
Definite noun and adjective.
هل تحب أن تكون نشيطاً؟
Do you like to be active?
Using 'nashitan' after 'an takuna'.
الرياضة تجعل الجسم نشيطاً.
Sports make the body active.
Object complement in accusative.
أحمد أنشط من علي.
Ahmed is more active than Ali.
Comparative form 'Anshat'.
نحتاج إلى عقل نشيط لحل المشكلة.
We need an active mind to solve the problem.
Describing an abstract noun (mind).
يعمل الموظفون بنشاط في المكتب.
The employees work actively in the office.
Adverbial phrase 'bi-nashat'.
كنت نشيطاً في الماضي أكثر من الآن.
I was more active in the past than now.
Past tense with 'Kana'.
القهوة تساعدني لأكون نشيطاً.
Coffee helps me to be energetic.
Infinitive purpose.
هذه الجمعية نشيطة في مساعدة الفقراء.
This association is active in helping the poor.
Describing an organization.
هل تشعر بالنشاط بعد المشي؟
Do you feel energetic after walking?
Noun form 'al-nashat' after preposition.
السوق العقاري نشيط جداً هذه الأيام.
The real estate market is very active these days.
Economic context.
هو عضو نشيط في الحزب السياسي.
He is an active member in the political party.
Political context.
تتميز المدينة بحياة ليلية نشيطة.
The city is characterized by an active nightlife.
Describing an abstract concept (nightlife).
أصبحت التجارة الإلكترونية نشيطة عالمياً.
E-commerce has become active globally.
Global business context.
الرياح النشيطة قد تسبب بعض الأضرار.
Active/brisk winds might cause some damage.
Weather forecast context.
يجب أن نحافظ على مجتمع نشيط وصحي.
We must maintain an active and healthy society.
Social policy context.
البحث العلمي نشيط في هذه الجامعة.
Scientific research is active in this university.
Academic context.
لقد كان نقاشاً نشيطاً ومفيداً.
It was an active and useful discussion.
Describing an event.
الخيال النشيط هو مفتاح الإبداع.
An active imagination is the key to creativity.
Metaphorical usage.
تعتبر هذه المنطقة بؤرة نشيطة للزلازل.
This area is considered an active seismic zone.
Scientific/Geological context.
رغم كبر سنه، لا يزال ذهنه نشيطاً.
Despite his old age, his mind is still active.
Describing mental acuity.
الحركة الأدبية كانت نشيطة في العصر العباسي.
The literary movement was active in the Abbasid era.
Historical context.
الدبلوماسية النشيطة منعت وقوع الحرب.
Active diplomacy prevented the occurrence of war.
Formal political context.
يتمتع الكاتب بأسلوب نشيط وجذاب.
The writer possesses an active and attractive style.
Literary criticism.
الخلايا السرطانية كانت نشيطة بشكل مقلق.
The cancer cells were alarmingly active.
Medical context.
إنها شخصية نشيطة ترفض الاستسلام.
She is an active personality who refuses to give up.
Psychological description.
تتجلى حيوية النص في لغته النشيطة.
The vitality of the text is manifested in its active language.
Stylistic analysis.
البركان لا يزال في حالة نشيطة تقنياً.
The volcano is still in a technically active state.
Technical/Scientific precision.
يسعى الفيلسوف إلى فهم الوجود كصيرورة نشيطة.
The philosopher seeks to understand existence as an active becoming.
Philosophical context.
إن التفاعل النشيط بين الثقافات يغني البشرية.
The active interaction between cultures enriches humanity.
Sociological discourse.
تتطلب هذه المهمة يقظة نشيطة وحذراً شديداً.
This mission requires active vigilance and extreme caution.
Formal/Strategic context.
كانت المعارضة نشيطة في تقويض سياسات الحكومة.
The opposition was active in undermining government policies.
Complex political narrative.
الاستجابة المناعية النشيطة ضرورية للتعافي.
An active immune response is essential for recovery.
Advanced biology.
يبرز الشاعر كقوة نشيطة في تشكيل الوجدان القومي.
The poet emerges as an active force in shaping the national consciousness.
Cultural/Nationalist discourse.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
Means busy. You can be busy but not energetic.
Means fast. Refers to speed, not energy level.
Means strong. Refers to physical strength, not necessarily activity.
Idioms & Expressions
— Active like a bee. Used to describe someone very hardworking.
هي نشيطة كالنحلة في البيت.
Informal— A flame of activity. Used for someone who is a powerhouse of energy.
المدير الجديد شعلة نشاط.
Neutral— Activity crept into him. Meaning he suddenly became energetic.
دب فيه النشاط بعد سماع الخبر.
Literary— On foot and leg. Idiom for 'in full swing' or very active.
الاستعدادات على قدم وساق.
FormalEasily Confused
Both relate to doing things.
Mashghool is about having tasks; Nashit is about having energy.
أنا مشغول ولكنني لست نشيطاً (I am busy but I am not energetic).
Active people often move fast.
Saree is about velocity; Nashit is about the state of being active.
السيارة سريعة (The car is fast) - You wouldn't say the car is 'nashit'.
Both are positive traits for students.
Mujtahid is about effort/study; Nashit is about energy/participation.
الطالب المجتهد يدرس، والطالب النشيط يشارك (The diligent student studies, and the active student participates).
Both mean full of life.
Hayawi is more about vibrancy/personality; Nashit is more about industriousness.
هو شخص حيوي (He is a vibrant person).
Both can mean active.
Fa'aal is about results and effectiveness; Nashit is about the energy itself.
هذا دواء فعال (This is an effective medicine).
Sentence Patterns
[Subject] [Adjective]
أنا نشيط.
[Noun] [Adjective]
ولد نشيط.
Al-[Noun] al-[Adjective]
الولد النشيط.
[Subject] ليس [Antonym], هو [Adjective]
هو ليس كسلاناً، هو نشيط.
[Verb] [Subject] [Adverbial Adjective]
استيقظ الرجل نشيطاً.
[Subject] [Comparative] من [Object]
أحمد أنشط من سامي.
[Noun] [Adjective] في [Context]
هو عضو نشيط في اللجنة.
إن [Noun] [Adjective] [Predicate]
إن الخيال النشيط مفيد.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very High in daily life, education, and business.
-
Using 'Nashit' for a woman.
→
Nashita (نشيطة)
Adjectives must match the gender of the noun.
-
Confusing 'Nashit' with 'Saree'.
→
Nashit for energy, Saree for speed.
A car is 'saree', but a person is 'nashit'.
-
Saying 'Ana mashghool' when you mean you have energy.
→
Ana nashit.
'Mashghool' means you have many tasks, not necessarily energy.
-
Using the wrong plural.
→
Nashitoon (m) / Nashitat (f).
'Nashit' follows the sound plural rules, not broken plural rules.
-
Forgetting the 'tanween' in 'Nashitan'.
→
Asbahtu nashitan.
In formal Arabic, the accusative case requires the 'an' ending.
Tips
Check the Gender
Always add the 'ة' if you're talking about a woman. It's the most common mistake for beginners.
Pair with Mujtahid
Using 'Nashit' and 'Mujtahid' together is a great way to describe a perfect student.
Morning Praise
Use this word to compliment someone who wakes up early and starts their day with energy.
Emphatic T
Practice the 'Ta' sound by pressing your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
Adverbial Form
Use 'binashat' (بنشاط) to describe actions, like 'He works actively'.
News Context
Listen for 'nashit' in economic news to improve your understanding of professional Arabic.
Antonym Recall
Remember 'Nashit' by contrasting it with 'Kasul' (lazy). They are a common pair.
Root Study
Learn the root N-SH-T to unlock other words like 'Anshita' (activities).
App Usage
Check your phone settings in Arabic; you'll see 'Nashit' used for active status.
Positive Vibe
Don't be afraid to use this word; it's always seen as a positive compliment.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Nash' like 'National' and 'it' like 'it'. A 'National Athlete' is always 'Nashit' (Active).
Visual Association
Imagine a bright yellow sun with a smiley face running a marathon. That energy is 'Nashat', and the sun is 'Nashit'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 'Nashit' or 'Nashita' three times today: once for yourself, once for a friend, and once for an animal.
Word Origin
Derived from the Arabic tri-consonantal root ن-ش-ط (N-SH-T).
Original meaning: The root originally relates to the idea of being brisk, lively, or untying a knot (implying release of energy).
Semitic (Afroasiatic).Cultural Context
No specific sensitivities; it is a universally positive word.
In English, 'active' can sometimes just mean 'not passive,' but in Arabic, 'nashit' almost always has a positive, high-energy connotation.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
At School
- طالب نشيط
- مشاركة نشيطة
- عقل نشيط
- دراسة بنشاط
At Work
- موظف نشيط
- سوق نشيط
- عضو نشيط
- عمل نشيط
At Home
- طفل نشيط
- أم نشيطة
- بداية نشيطة
- تنظيف بنشاط
In Sports
- لاعب نشيط
- حركة نشيطة
- فريق نشيط
- تدريب نشيط
Digital World
- نشيط الآن
- مستخدم نشيط
- حساب نشيط
- رابط نشيط
Conversation Starters
"كيف تكون نشيطاً في الصباح؟ (How are you active in the morning?)"
"هل أنت شخص نشيط أم كسلان؟ (Are you an active or lazy person?)"
"ماذا تشرب لتكون نشيطاً؟ (What do you drink to be active?)"
"من هو أنشط شخص في عائلتك؟ (Who is the most active person in your family?)"
"هل تحب العمل مع ناس نشيطين؟ (Do you like working with active people?)"
Journal Prompts
اكتب عن يوم كنت فيه نشيطاً جداً. (Write about a day when you were very active.)
كيف يؤثر النشاط على صحتك؟ (How does activity affect your health?)
ما هي الأنشطة التي تجعلك نشيطاً؟ (What activities make you active?)
صف شخصاً نشيطاً تعرفه. (Describe an active person you know.)
لماذا من المهم أن نكون نشيطين في المجتمع؟ (Why is it important to be active in society?)
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNo, 'Nashit' means active or energetic, while 'Mashghool' means busy. You can be active without being busy, and busy without being active.
You say 'Nashit jiddan' (نشيط جداً).
The feminine form is 'Nashita' (نشيطة).
For a group of men or a mixed group, use 'Nashitoon' (نشيطون). For a group of women, use 'Nashitat' (نشيطات).
Generally, no. It is used for living beings or systems like markets and volcanoes. For a car, use 'Saree' (fast).
It is used in both formal and informal Arabic. It is very common in all registers.
The most common opposite is 'Kasul' (كسول), which means lazy.
Use the comparative form 'Anshat' (أنشط).
Yes, it can be a male name, though it is not very common today.
It means 'Active now,' indicating the person is online.
Test Yourself 200 questions
Translate to Arabic: 'I am active.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'The girl is active.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'We are active students.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'The active boy won.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'He works actively.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'I want to be active.'
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Translate to Arabic: 'Ahmed is more active than me.'
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Write a sentence using 'سوق نشيط'.
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Write a sentence using 'نشيطة' for a cat.
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Translate: 'An active mind is healthy.'
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Translate: 'The winds are active today.'
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Translate: 'Be active!' (to a male)
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Translate: 'Be active!' (to a female)
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Describe your morning using the word 'Nashit'.
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Translate: 'He is an active member in the club.'
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Translate: 'Active now.'
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Translate: 'I woke up energetic.'
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Translate: 'The teacher is very energetic.'
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Translate: 'Active imagination.'
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Translate: 'Active volcano.'
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Pronounce: نشيط
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Pronounce: نشيطة
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Pronounce: نشيطون
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Pronounce: بنشاط
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Pronounce: أنشط
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Say: 'I am active' in Arabic.
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Say: 'She is active' in Arabic.
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Say: 'We are active' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Active now' in Arabic.
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Say: 'I wake up energetic' in Arabic.
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Say: 'He is more active than Ali.'
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Say: 'Active market' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Be active!' to a friend.
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Say: 'The active student' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Active mind' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Active winds' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Active member' in Arabic.
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Say: 'Active girl' in Arabic.
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Say: 'With activity' in Arabic.
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Say: 'I am not lazy' in Arabic.
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Listen and write the word for active: (Audio: Nashit)
Listen and write the feminine: (Audio: Nashita)
Listen and write the plural: (Audio: Nashitoon)
Listen and identify: 'أنا نشيط اليوم.' What is the speaker feeling?
Listen and identify: 'البنت نشيطة في المدرسة.' Where is she active?
Listen and write: (Audio: binashat)
Listen and write: (Audio: anshat)
Listen: 'السوق نشيط.' What is active?
Listen: 'كن نشيطاً.' What is the command?
Listen: 'الرياح نشيطة.' What is the weather like?
Listen and write: (Audio: Nashitat)
Listen: 'هو عضو نشيط.' What is his role?
Listen: 'الخيال النشيط.' What is being described?
Listen: 'استيقظت نشيطاً.' When did he feel active?
Listen: 'نحن نشيطون.' Who is active?
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Nashit (نشيط) is a versatile adjective meaning 'active' or 'energetic.' Use it to compliment someone's hard work or vitality. Example: 'Al-walad nashit' (The boy is active).
- Nashit means active or energetic.
- It is used for people, animals, and markets.
- The feminine form is Nashita.
- The plural form is Nashitoon.
Check the Gender
Always add the 'ة' if you're talking about a woman. It's the most common mistake for beginners.
Pair with Mujtahid
Using 'Nashit' and 'Mujtahid' together is a great way to describe a perfect student.
Morning Praise
Use this word to compliment someone who wakes up early and starts their day with energy.
Emphatic T
Practice the 'Ta' sound by pressing your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
Example
أخي طالب نشيط جداً في مدرسته.
