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The quality of being natural, impulsive, and unplanned rather than forced or premeditated. Relevant for TOEFL speaking tasks about personal experiences or character descriptions.

The quality of being spontaneous, natural, or unplanned. It is often used to describe personalities or public reactions in CAE speaking tasks.

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than emotion. It describes a person who thinks clearly and makes sensible decisions.

The set of attitudes or beliefs held by someone; a person's way of thinking or their mental capacity.

A person's way of thinking and their opinions; the set of attitudes or habits of mind.

The characteristic way of thinking of a person or group; a mindset or attitude.

The feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something.

The state of being alone or separated from others. In TOEFL, it can refer to social isolation or geographical isolation of species.

The act of moving forward with force or speed, or acting suddenly without thinking. In physics, it refers to the momentum or impetus of a moving body.

A sudden strong wish to do something, or the act of moving forward with great force. It can describe a physical rush or an emotional impulse.