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B2 noun #7,500 most common 9 min read

تَحَيُّز

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

taḥayyuz
At the A1 level, you can think of 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) as 'liking one thing more than another in an unfair way.' Even though this is a difficult word for beginners, you might hear it when people talk about games or simple choices. Imagine you have two friends, and you always give a bigger piece of cake to one friend just because you like them more. That is a simple form of 'tahayyuz.' In Arabic, we use this word to say that someone is not being 'fair.' A fair person is 'aadil,' and a person with 'tahayyuz' is not being 'aadil.' At this stage, just remember that 'tahayyuz' means 'bias' or 'not being fair' when choosing between two things. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet, but recognizing it will help you understand when people are unhappy about a choice. For example, if a teacher always picks the same student to answer, other students might say there is 'tahayyuz.' It is a word about feelings of fairness.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) in more specific contexts like school or sports. It is a noun that means 'bias.' You can use it to describe why a referee's decision was wrong or why a person prefers one brand over another without a good reason. You might learn the phrase 'tahayyuz didda' (bias against) or 'tahayyuz li-' (bias for). For example, 'The referee has a bias against our team' would be 'Al-hakam ladayhi tahayyuz didda fariqina.' This level is about moving from simple 'fairness' to understanding that bias is a concept used in professional and social situations. You should also recognize the word 'mutahayyiz,' which is the adjective meaning 'biased.' If someone is being unfair, you can say 'Anta mutahayyiz!' (You are biased!). This helps you express your opinion about social interactions and simple disputes more clearly in Arabic.
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At the B1 level, 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) becomes a tool for discussing social issues and media. You should be able to understand news reports that mention 'media bias' (al-tahayyuz al-i'lami). At this stage, you are expected to know that 'tahayyuz' often implies a systematic lack of objectivity. You might use it in essays to discuss how people's backgrounds affect their opinions. For instance, 'People have a bias toward their own culture' (Al-nas ladayhim tahayyuz li-thaqafatihim). You also begin to distinguish between 'tahayyuz' and 'ta'assub' (fanaticism). While 'tahayyuz' is a leaning, 'ta'assub' is an aggressive or blind devotion. Learning how to use 'tahayyuz' in Idafa constructions, like 'tahayyuz al-araa' (bias of opinions), is also important. This level requires you to use the word to analyze situations rather than just describing them, allowing for more complex conversations about society and personal beliefs.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should have a firm grasp of 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) in academic, professional, and social contexts. You should understand specific types of bias, such as 'confirmation bias' (tahayyuz al-ta'kid) or 'cognitive bias' (tahayyuz ma'rifi). You can use the word to critique a piece of writing or a scientific study, noting where the author's 'tahayyuz' might have influenced the results. You are also expected to use the word correctly with various prepositions and in complex sentence structures. For example, 'It is necessary to acknowledge our implicit biases to achieve true equality' (Min al-daruri al-i'tiraf bi-tahayyuzatina al-dimniyya li-tahqiq al-musawah al-haqiqiyya). At this level, you understand the nuance that 'tahayyuz' is often unconscious and that everyone has some form of it. You can discuss the ethical implications of bias in AI, law, and medicine, using the word as a cornerstone of your vocabulary for critical thinking and analysis.
At the C1 level, your use of 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) should be nuanced and precise. You can discuss the philosophical and epistemological roots of bias. You might explore how language itself can contain 'tahayyuz' against certain groups. You should be comfortable using the word in high-level debates about structural prejudice and systemic issues. For instance, you could analyze how 'institutional bias' (al-tahayyuz al-mu'assasi) affects the progress of a society. Your vocabulary will also include many synonyms and related terms, allowing you to avoid repetition and choose the exact shade of meaning required. You might use 'tahayyuz' to describe the 'framing' of an issue in political science. At this stage, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual tool for deconstructing complex arguments and identifying the underlying assumptions in any discourse, whether written or spoken.
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At the C2 level, you master 'تَحَيُّز' (Tahayyuz) with the fluency of a highly educated native speaker. You can use it in literary criticism, legal drafting, or advanced scientific publishing. You understand its historical evolution in Arabic literature and how its meaning has shifted in the modern era to align with global concepts of human rights and social psychology. You can detect even the most subtle 'tahayyuz' in a complex speech or a dense academic text. Your ability to use the word includes an awareness of its rhetorical power; you know how to use it to challenge an opponent's objectivity or to defend your own methodology. You can discuss the 'bias of the historian' or the 'bias of the algorithm' with equal ease. At this ultimate level, 'tahayyuz' is part of a sophisticated linguistic repertoire that allows you to engage with the most challenging intellectual topics in the Arabic-speaking world with precision, elegance, and deep cultural insight.
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Examples

تَحَيُّز in 30 Seconds

  • Tahayyuz means bias or prejudice in Arabic.
  • It comes from the root H-Y-Z, meaning space or side.
  • It is used to describe unfairness in media, law, and daily life.
  • The opposite of Tahayyuz is Mawdu'iyya (objectivity).

The Arabic word تَحَيُّز (Tahayyuz) is a profound and multi-layered term that translates primarily to 'bias' or 'prejudice' in English. At its core, it describes the act of leaning toward a specific side, person, or idea at the expense of objectivity. In the modern world, this word is ubiquitous in discussions regarding social justice, media ethics, scientific research, and daily interpersonal relationships. To understand its essence, one must look at the root of the word, which signifies taking a 'space' or a 'side.' When someone exhibits tahayyuz, they are essentially placing themselves in a specific corner of an argument rather than remaining in the neutral center. This term is not just about a simple preference; it often implies an unfair or unreasoned inclination that affects judgment. For example, in a court of law, a judge must be free from any form of تَحَيُّز to ensure a fair trial. Similarly, in the realm of psychology, we often talk about 'cognitive bias,' which is rendered in Arabic as al-tahayyuz al-ma'rifi. This refers to the systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. The word is used both in formal academic settings and in everyday conversations when someone feels they are being treated unfairly because of a preconceived notion held by others.

Etymological Root
The word comes from the root ح-ي-ز (H-Y-Z), which relates to space, boundaries, or a specific area. In Form V (Tafa'ul), it implies the process of occupying that space or siding with it.
Social Context
In social settings, it often refers to favoritism or tribalism, where individuals support their own group regardless of the facts or morality involved.
Legal and Media Usage
Journalists are often accused of 'media bias' (al-tahayyuz al-i'lami) when they report news in a way that favors one political party over another.

يجب علينا محاربة الـ تَحَيُّز في مكان العمل لضمان المساواة للجميع.

أظهرت الدراسة وجود تَحَيُّز واضح في اختيار المرشحين للوظيفة.

الـ تَحَيُّز الأكاديمي قد يفسد نتائج البحث العلمي.

لا يمكن للقاضي أن يظهر أي تَحَيُّز تجاه أي من الطرفين.

يعاني المجتمع من الـ تَحَيُّز العرقي منذ عقود طويلة.

In conclusion, tahayyuz is a critical term for anyone looking to discuss complex societal issues in Arabic. It bridges the gap between personal feelings and systematic injustices, making it an essential part of the vocabulary for advanced learners. Whether you are reading a political analysis or discussing a movie review, you will find this word used to describe the lack of neutrality. Understanding its nuances helps in identifying not just when someone is being unfair, but why they might be leaning toward one perspective over another based on their personal 'space' or background.

Using the word تَحَيُّز (Tahayyuz) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical function as a noun and the prepositions that typically accompany it. In Arabic, this word functions as a Masdar, meaning it can be the subject, object, or part of an Idafa construction (possessive phrase). The most common way to use it is to describe a state of being biased toward something or against something. For instance, the phrase 'tahayyuz li-salih' means 'bias in favor of,' while 'tahayyuz didda' means 'bias against.' These structures are vital for expressing nuanced opinions. Furthermore, you will often see it paired with adjectives to specify the type of bias, such as tahayyuz jinsi (gender bias) or tahayyuz dini (religious bias). This flexibility allows speakers to pinpoint the exact nature of the prejudice being discussed.

Subject Position
'Al-tahayyuz amrun khatir' (Bias is a serious matter). Here, the word acts as the starting point of the nominal sentence.
Object Position
'Narfudu al-tahayyuz fī qarraratina' (We reject bias in our decisions). In this case, it receives the action of the verb.
Idafa Construction
'Tahayyuz al-hakam kana wadihan' (The referee's bias was obvious). This shows possession or attribution.

من الصعب تجنب الـ تَحَيُّز الشخصي عند تقييم الأصدقاء.

اتهمت المعارضة الحكومة بالـ تَحَيُّز لوسائل الإعلام الرسمية.

الـ تَحَيُّز اللاواعي يؤثر على قرارات التوظيف بشكل كبير.

علينا أن نميز بين الرأي الشخصي والـ تَحَيُّز الأعمى.

لا يوجد بحث علمي يخلو تماماً من الـ تَحَيُّز.

When constructing sentences, remember that tahayyuz is often the result of an action. Therefore, verbs like 'at-tahama' (to accuse), 'kashafa' (to reveal), or 'tajannaba' (to avoid) are frequently used in conjunction with it. For advanced students, mastering the use of this word in different cases (nominative, accusative, genitive) will significantly improve their ability to engage in academic or professional Arabic discourse. It is a word that demands precision, as accusing someone of tahayyuz is a serious claim in many Arab cultures, implying a lack of integrity or professionalism.

In the modern Arab world, you will encounter the word تَحَيُّز (Tahayyuz) in several key domains. The most prominent is the news media. Whether it is Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya, or local newspapers, journalists and analysts constantly debate 'media bias' (al-tahayyuz al-i'lami). You will hear commentators arguing that certain international outlets show tahayyuz against specific political movements or countries. Another major area is the academic and scientific community. When Arab researchers discuss methodology, they emphasize the importance of avoiding tahayyuz in data collection and analysis to maintain 'objectivity' (al-mawdu'iyya). Furthermore, in the legal system, lawyers and judges use this term to discuss the impartiality of the court. If a judge has a personal connection to a case, they might be accused of tahayyuz, which could lead to a mistrial.

News Broadcasts
'Al-qanah muttahama bi-tahayyuz wadih' (The channel is accused of clear bias). This is a common headline in political disputes.
Sports Commentary
'Tahayyuz al-hakam li-fariq al-khasm' (The referee's bias for the opposing team). Fans often use this when they feel a decision was unfair.
Workplace Seminars
'Al-tahayyuz al-dimni fī al-tawzif' (Implicit bias in hiring). Modern HR departments in the Arab world are increasingly addressing this topic.

انتقد المحللون الـ تَحَيُّز الغربي في تغطية أحداث الشرق الأوسط.

تحدث المحاضر عن أهمية الوعي بالـ تَحَيُّز الثقافي.

هل تعتقد أن هناك تَحَيُّز ضد المرأة في هذا القطاع؟

الـ تَحَيُّز السياسي قد يؤدي إلى انقسام المجتمع.

يسعى العلم دائماً إلى تقليل الـ تَحَيُّز البشري.

Beyond these formal settings, tahayyuz is also heard in daily life when people feel slighted. For example, a student might complain that a teacher shows tahayyuz toward another student. In these cases, the word carries a sting of perceived injustice. It is also a key term in social media debates, where users often accuse each other of being 'mutahayyiz' (biased) based on their profiles or previous posts. Understanding this word allows you to navigate the emotional and intellectual landscape of modern Arabic communication, where the struggle for fairness and objectivity is a constant theme.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with the word تَحَيُّز (Tahayyuz) is confusing it with similar-sounding or related concepts like 'tamyiz' (discrimination) or 'ta'assub' (fanaticism/bigotry). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. Tahayyuz is the internal inclination or cognitive state of bias, whereas 'tamyiz' is usually the external action or policy of discrimination based on that bias. For example, you have a tahayyuz (bias) against a group, which leads you to commit tamyiz (discrimination) against them. Another mistake is using the wrong preposition. As mentioned before, bias 'toward' is 'li-' or 'li-salih,' and bias 'against' is 'didda.' Using 'ala' or 'fī' in these contexts can sound unnatural to native speakers.

Confusing with 'Tamyiz'
Remember: Tahayyuz is the 'leaning,' Tamyiz is the 'treating differently.'
Confusing with 'Ta'assub'
Ta'assub is much stronger; it implies extreme devotion or fanaticism, often blind and aggressive.
Preposition Errors
Don't say 'tahayyuz fī al-shakhs'; say 'tahayyuz didda al-shakhs' for bias against someone.

خطأ: لديه تَحَيُّز في فريقه المفضل. (Wrong usage for preference)

صح: لديه تَحَيُّز لصالح فريقه المفضل. (Correct: bias in favor of)

الفرق بين الـ تَحَيُّز والتمييز هو أن الأول فكري والثاني سلوكي.

لا تخلط بين الـ تَحَيُّز العلمي والخطأ العفوي.

الـ تَحَيُّز الأعمى هو مرادف للتعصب في بعض السياقات.

Another subtle mistake is using tahayyuz to describe a simple hobby or liking. For instance, saying 'I have a tahayyuz for chocolate' is incorrect because it implies an unfair judgment. Instead, use 'tafdil' (preference) or 'hubb' (love). Tahayyuz should be reserved for contexts where fairness, justice, or objectivity are at stake. By keeping this distinction in mind, your Arabic will sound more sophisticated and precise. Lastly, remember that tahayyuz is a noun; if you want to describe a person as 'biased,' you must use the active participle 'mutahayyiz.' Mixing these up is a common beginner error that can confuse the meaning of your sentence.

While تَحَيُّز (Tahayyuz) is the standard word for 'bias,' Arabic is a rich language with many synonyms that offer different shades of meaning. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation. For example, 'Inhiyaz' is very close to tahayyuz and is often used interchangeably, but it can sometimes carry a slightly more positive or neutral connotation of 'aligning' with a cause. 'Meel' (literally: leaning) is used for a natural inclination or tendency. 'Muhabah' refers to favoritism, especially toward friends or family (nepotism). 'Ta'assub' refers to fanaticism or extreme partisan spirit. By comparing these words, we can see that tahayyuz sits at the intersection of psychology, ethics, and logic.

Tahayyuz vs. Inhiyaz
Tahayyuz often implies a lack of fairness. Inhiyaz can simply mean taking a side, sometimes even the 'right' side in a struggle.
Tahayyuz vs. Meel
Meel is a 'leaning' or 'tendency' (e.g., a meel toward art). It is less formal and less accusatory than Tahayyuz.
Tahayyuz vs. Muhabah
Muhabah is specifically 'favoritism' or 'cronyism,' whereas Tahayyuz is the broader concept of bias.

يمكننا استخدام كلمة 'ميل' لوصف الرغبات الشخصية البسيطة.

الـ تَحَيُّز الإعلامي هو نوع من أنواع الانحياز الفكري.

المحاباة في التوظيف تقتل روح المنافسة الشريفة.

التعصب الرياضي يؤدي أحياناً إلى العنف.

الجور هو الظلم الناتج عن الـ تَحَيُّز.

In academic writing, you might also encounter the word 'Muzaya' (leaning/turning away), but it is much rarer and usually found in classical texts. For modern learners, sticking to tahayyuz and its close relatives like inhiyaz and ta'assub will cover 99% of situations. Each of these words helps to build a more comprehensive picture of human behavior and social dynamics. By mastering these synonyms, you gain the ability to express subtle differences in how people relate to one another and to the truth, which is the hallmark of an advanced Arabic speaker.

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Examples by Level

1

أنا أحب هذا الفريق، لكن ليس عندي تَحَيُّز.

I love this team, but I don't have bias.

Simple nominal sentence with 'ليس عندي' (I don't have).

2

الأم ليس لديها تَحَيُّز بين أطفالها.

The mother has no bias between her children.

Use of 'بين' (between) to show the scope of bias.

3

هل هناك تَحَيُّز في هذه اللعبة؟

Is there bias in this game?

Interrogative sentence using 'هل'.

4

التَحَيُّز شيء سيء.

Bias is a bad thing.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

5

هو يختار أصدقاءه بـ تَحَيُّز.

He chooses his friends with bias.

Prepositional phrase 'بـ' (with/by).

6

نحن نريد العدل، لا التَحَيُّز.

We want justice, not bias.

Contrast using 'لا' (not).

7

المعلم ليس عنده تَحَيُّز.

The teacher has no bias.

Negation of possession.

8

هذا القرار فيه تَحَيُّز واضح.

This decision has clear bias in it.

Use of 'فيه' (in it) to describe the decision.

1

لماذا تظهر تَحَيُّزًا لهذا المرشح؟

Why do you show bias for this candidate?

Verb 'tuzhir' (you show) with accusative 'tahayyuzan'.

2

التَحَيُّز ضد الأجانب مرفوض تماماً.

Bias against foreigners is completely rejected.

Preposition 'didda' (against).

3

أعتقد أن الحكم لديه تَحَيُّز ضدنا.

I think the referee has a bias against us.

Possessive 'ladayhi' (he has).

4

لا يجب أن يكون هناك تَحَيُّز في اختيار الفائز.

There should not be any bias in choosing the winner.

Negative modal 'la yajib' (must not).

5

هل قرأت عن التَحَيُّز في الأخبار؟

Did you read about bias in the news?

Preposition 'an' (about).

6

هذا الكتاب يتحدث عن التَحَيُّز الثقافي.

This book talks about cultural bias.

Adjective 'thaqafi' (cultural) modifying 'tahayyuz'.

7

التَحَيُّز يجعلنا نرى الحقيقة بشكل خاطئ.

Bias makes us see the truth incorrectly.

Verb 'yaj'aluna' (makes us).

8

نحن نرفض أي تَحَيُّز في العمل.

We reject any bias at work.

Verb 'narfudu' (we reject).

1

يجب على الصحفي تجنب التَحَيُّز السياسي.

The journalist must avoid political bias.

Infinitive phrase 'tajannub al-tahayyuz'.

2

التَحَيُّز اللاواعي يؤثر على قراراتنا اليومية.

Unconscious bias affects our daily decisions.

Adjective 'la-wa'i' (unconscious).

3

أظهرت الدراسة وجود تَحَيُّز في توزيع الموارد.

The study showed the existence of bias in resource distribution.

Idafa construction 'tahzi' al-mawarid'.

4

لا يمكننا إنكار التَحَيُّز الموجود في هذا المجتمع.

We cannot deny the bias present in this society.

Relative clause 'al-mawjud' (the present/existing).

5

التَحَيُّز لصالح الأصدقاء يسمى محاباة.

Bias in favor of friends is called favoritism.

Passive verb 'yusamma' (is called).

6

كيف يمكننا تقليل التَحَيُّز في الذكاء الاصطناعي؟

How can we reduce bias in artificial intelligence?

Verbal noun 'taqlil' (reducing).

7

يعاني الكثير من الناس من التَحَيُّز العرقي.

Many people suffer from racial bias.

Verb 'yu'ani' (suffers) with 'min' (from).

8

كان التَحَيُّز واضحاً في خطاب المدير.

The bias was clear in the manager's speech.

Past tense 'kana' with predicate 'wadihan'.

1

التَحَيُّز التأكيدي يجعلنا نبحث فقط عن المعلومات التي تدعم رأينا.

Confirmation bias makes us search only for information that supports our opinion.

Specific term 'Tahayyuz al-ta'kid'.

2

تعتبر الموضوعية نقيض التَحَيُّز في البحث العلمي.

Objectivity is considered the opposite of bias in scientific research.

Noun 'naqid' (opposite/antithesis).

3

يجب أن تكون لجنة التحكيم خالية من أي تَحَيُّز مسبق.

The judging committee must be free of any preconceived bias.

Adjective 'musbaq' (preconceived/prior).

4

يؤدي التَحَيُّز الإعلامي إلى تضليل الرأي العام.

Media bias leads to misleading public opinion.

Verb 'yu'addi' (leads) with 'ila'.

5

كشفت المراجعة عن تَحَيُّز منهجي في اختيار العينات.

The review revealed a systematic bias in sample selection.

Adjective 'manhaji' (systematic).

6

الاعتراف بالـ تَحَيُّز هو الخطوة الأولى نحو التغيير.

Recognizing bias is the first step toward change.

Verbal noun 'al-i'tiraf' (recognizing/admitting).

7

تتطلب العدالة التخلص من كل أشكال التَحَيُّز.

Justice requires getting rid of all forms of bias.

Plural 'ashkal' (forms).

8

لا يمكن فصل التَحَيُّز الشخصي عن التجربة الإنسانية.

Personal bias cannot be separated from the human experience.

Passive construction 'la yumkin fasl'.

1

يحلل الكتاب كيف يتغلغل التَحَيُّز في البنية اللغوية للمجتمع.

The book analyzes how bias permeates the linguistic structure of society.

Verb 'yataghalghal' (permeates/penetrates).

2

إن التَحَيُّز المعرفي ظاهرة معقدة تتطلب دراسة عميقة.

Cognitive bias is a complex phenomenon that requires deep study.

Empathetic particle 'Inna' for emphasis.

3

غالباً ما يكون التَحَيُّز متجذراً في التاريخ الاستعماري.

Bias is often rooted in colonial history.

Passive participle 'mutajadhiran' (rooted).

4

علينا تفكيك التَحَيُّزات الهيكلية التي تعيق التقدم.

We must deconstruct the structural biases that hinder progress.

Plural form 'tahayyuzat' (biases).

5

يظهر التَحَيُّز الجندري في الفجوة الأجرية بين الجنسين.

Gender bias appears in the wage gap between the sexes.

Adjective 'jandari' (gender-related).

6

تفتقر هذه النظرية إلى المصداقية بسبب التَحَيُّز الواضح لمؤلفها.

This theory lacks credibility due to the author's clear bias.

Verb 'taftaqir' (lacks) with 'ila'.

7

التَحَيُّز الضمني قد يكون أكثر خطورة من التَحَيُّز المعلن.

Implicit bias may be more dangerous than overt bias.

Comparison 'akthar khutura' (more dangerous).

8

تكمن المشكلة في التَحَيُّز الذي يمارسه الخوارزمي البرمجي.

The problem lies in the bias practiced by the software algorithm.

Verb 'takmun' (lies/is hidden).

1

إن التَحَيُّز الإبستمولوجي يشكل عائقاً أمام الوصول إلى الحقيقة المطلقة.

Epistemological bias constitutes an obstacle to reaching the absolute truth.

Technical term 'Epistemological' (Ibis-timuluji).

2

يجب نقد النصوص التاريخية لكشف التَحَيُّزات الأيديولوجية الكامنة فيها.

Historical texts must be critiqued to reveal the latent ideological biases within them.

Adjective 'kamina' (latent/hidden).

3

يتجاوز مفهوم التَحَيُّز هنا مجرد الميل الشخصي ليدخل في فضاء السلطة.

The concept of bias here transcends mere personal inclination to enter the space of power.

Verb 'yatajawaz' (transcends/goes beyond).

4

تتسم الخطابات السياسية المعاصرة بـ تَحَيُّز صارخ يفتقر إلى الحد الأدنى من النزاهة.

Contemporary political discourses are characterized by a blatant bias that lacks the minimum level of integrity.

Adjective 'sarikh' (blatant/glaring).

5

إن محاولة التحرر من كل أنواع التَحَيُّز هي مسعى فلسفي نبيل.

The attempt to free oneself from all kinds of bias is a noble philosophical endeavor.

Verbal noun 'al-taharrur' (freeing oneself).

6

تتجلى خطورة التَحَيُّز في قدرته على تشكيل الوعي الجمعي بطرق غير مرئية.

The danger of bias manifests in its ability to shape collective consciousness in invisible ways.

Verb 'tatajalla' (manifests/becomes clear).

7

لا يمكننا الحديث عن حياد تام في ظل وجود تَحَيُّزات هيكلية متوارثة.

We cannot speak of complete neutrality in the presence of inherited structural biases.

Adjective 'mutawaritha' (inherited).

8

يعد التَحَيُّز في النمذجة الرياضية تحدياً كبيراً لعلماء البيانات.

Bias in mathematical modeling is a major challenge for data scientists.

Verbal noun 'namdhaja' (modeling).

Synonyms

تَعَصُّب مَيْل مُحَابَاة جَوْر عدم موضوعية
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