A2 Expressions & Patterns 1 min read 쉬움

Weather Expressions (Времето)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Bulgarian weather uses impersonal verbs like 'вали' (it rains) or 'Времето е...' (The weather is...) without a dummy 'it' subject.

  • Use 'Вали' for rain/snow without adding 'То' (It) at the start: 'Вали дъжд' (It is raining).
  • Describe states with 'Времето е' + adjective: 'Времето е слънчево' (The weather is sunny).
  • Express personal feelings with Dative + 'е': 'Студено ми е' (I am cold/It is cold to me).
☁️/☀️ + (е) + Adjective OR 🌧️/❄️ (Verb)

Common Weather Verbs (3rd Person Singular)

Verb (Infinitive-like) Present Past (Aorist) Future
Валя (to rain/snow)
Вали
Валя
Ще вали
Духам (to blow)
Духа
Духа
Ще духа
Гърмя (to thunder)
Гърми
Гърмя
Ще гърми
Светкам (to flash)
Светка
Светка
Ще светка
Припичам (to scorch/shine)
Припича
Припече
Ще припича

Personal Sensations (Dative + е)

Person Bulgarian Phrase English Meaning
I
Студено ми е
I am cold
You (sing.)
Топло ти е
You are warm
He/It
Добре му е
He is well/comfortable
She
Студено и е
She is cold
We
Топло ни е
We are warm
You (pl.)
Добре ви е
You are well
They
Студено им е
They are cold

Meanings

The system of expressions used to describe atmospheric conditions, temperature, and natural phenomena using impersonal constructions.

1

Impersonal Verbs

Verbs that describe weather actions where the subject is the phenomenon itself, conjugated in the 3rd person singular.

“Вали дъжд.”

“Духа вятър.”

2

Adjectival States

Using the verb 'съм' (to be) with an adjective to describe the general quality of the day.

“Времето е облачно.”

“Днес е горещо.”

3

Personal Experience

Using dative pronouns to express how a person feels the weather.

“Студено ми е.”

“Топло ли ти е?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Weather Expressions (Времето)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative (Verb)
Verb (3rd sing.)
Вали.
Negative (Verb)
Не + Verb
Не вали.
Question (Verb)
Verb + ли?
Вали ли?
Affirmative (Adj)
Adj (neuter) + е
Слънчево е.
Negative (Adj)
Не е + Adj (neuter)
Не е слънчево.
Question (Adj)
Слънчево ли е?
Is it sunny?
Personal
Adj + Dative Clitic + е
Топло ми е.
Noun-based
Има + Noun
Има вятър.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Температурите са необичайно високи.

Температурите са необичайно високи. (Describing heat)

중립
Много е горещо днес.

Много е горещо днес. (Describing heat)

비격식체
Голяма жега е!

Голяма жега е! (Describing heat)

속어
Навън е направо мор!

Навън е направо мор! (Describing heat)

Weather Sentence Types

Времето (Weather)

Actions (Verbs)

  • Вали It rains/snows
  • Духа It blows (wind)

States (Adjectives)

  • Слънчево Sunny
  • Облачно Cloudy

Feelings (Dative)

  • Студено ми е I am cold
  • Топло ми е I am warm

Weather vs. Personal Feeling

General Weather
Студено е. It is cold (outside).
Personal Feeling
Студено ми е. I feel cold.

Choosing the Right Weather Form

1

Is it an action (rain/snow)?

YES
Use 'Вали'
NO
Next question
2

Is it a general state (sunny)?

YES
Use 'Adjective + е'
NO
Next question
3

Is it how YOU feel?

YES
Use 'Adjective + ми е'
NO
Use 'Има + Noun'

Weather Vocabulary by Type

🌧️

Precipitation

  • дъжд
  • сняг
  • градушка
☁️

Sky

  • облаци
  • слънце
  • дъга
🌡️

Temperature

  • жега
  • студ
  • хладина

수준별 예문

1

Времето е хубаво.

The weather is good.

2

Днес е слънчево.

Today is sunny.

3

Вали дъжд.

It is raining.

4

Студено е.

It is cold.

1

Студено ми е тук.

I am cold here.

2

Вчера беше много ветровито.

Yesterday it was very windy.

3

Има гъста мъгла.

There is thick fog.

4

Ще вали ли утре?

Will it rain tomorrow?

1

Времето започна да се разваля.

The weather started to get worse.

2

Надявам се да не завали сняг.

I hope it doesn't start snowing.

3

Духа силен северен вятър.

A strong north wind is blowing.

4

Прогнозата казва, че ще е слънчево.

The forecast says it will be sunny.

1

Влажността на въздуха е доста висока.

The air humidity is quite high.

2

Очаква се рязко понижение на температурите.

A sharp drop in temperatures is expected.

3

Въпреки жегата, решихме да излезем.

Despite the heat, we decided to go out.

4

Небето се изясни след бурята.

The sky cleared up after the storm.

1

Вали като из ведро, не можем да тръгнем.

It's pouring like a bucket, we can't leave.

2

Мразовитият въздух ни щипеше по бузите.

The frosty air nipped at our cheeks.

3

Атмосферното налягане се стабилизира.

The atmospheric pressure has stabilized.

4

Времето е променливо през този сезон.

The weather is fickle/changeable during this season.

1

Навън е истинска виелица, нищо не се вижда.

It's a real blizzard outside, nothing can be seen.

2

Земята е жадна за дъжд след тази суша.

The earth is thirsty for rain after this drought.

3

Облачността ще бъде променлива до значителна.

Cloudiness will be variable to significant.

4

Слънцето едва пробиваше през оловните облаци.

The sun was barely breaking through the leaden clouds.

혼동하기 쉬운

Weather Expressions (Времето) Време (Weather) vs. Време (Time)

The word 'време' is used for both concepts, which can confuse beginners in sentences like 'Нямам време'.

Weather Expressions (Времето) Вали vs. Пада

Learners think 'rain falls' (пада), but Bulgarian uses 'вали' for the act of raining/snowing.

Weather Expressions (Времето) Студен (Adj) vs. Студено (Adv/Neuter)

Using the masculine 'студен' to describe the weather state.

자주 하는 실수

То е слънчево.

Слънчево е.

Bulgarian doesn't use 'it' (то) as a dummy subject for weather.

Аз съм студено.

Студено ми е.

Using 'съм' with an adjective for yourself describes your personality or physical touch, not your feeling of temperature.

Дъждът вали.

Вали дъжд.

While not strictly 'wrong', 'Вали дъжд' is the standard impersonal way to say it's raining.

Има слънчево.

Слънчево е. / Има слънце.

'Има' must be followed by a noun, not an adjective.

Времето е вятър.

Ветровито е. / Има вятър.

You can't say 'The weather is wind'; it must be 'The weather is windy'.

Беше слънце.

Беше слънчево.

In the past tense, you still need the adjective form for states.

Студено ми е времето.

Студено ми е. / Времето е студено.

Mixing the personal sensation and the general weather state into one sentence.

Вали снягът.

Вали сняг.

When describing the weather generally, we don't use the definite article for 'snow' or 'rain'.

Времето прави се хубаво.

Времето се оправя.

Literal translation of 'The weather is making itself good' instead of the reflexive 'оправя се'.

Вали като котки и кучета.

Вали като из ведро.

Using an English idiom in Bulgarian.

문장 패턴

Днес е много ___.

Вчера ___ дъжд.

Навън има ___.

На ___ му/и е много ___.

Real World Usage

Texting a friend very common

Тук вали, при вас как е?

Watching the news common

Утре се очакват превалявания.

At a cafe (Small talk) constant

Много е задушно днес, нали?

Hiking in the mountains occasional

Времето се разваля, да се връщаме.

Job Interview (Icebreaker) occasional

Времето днес е чудесно за разходка.

Booking a flight/hotel common

Какво е времето през септември?

🎯

The 'Ми е' Shortcut

Whenever you want to say 'I am [temperature]', always use the '-о' form of the adjective + 'ми е'. It works for everything: 'Топло ми е', 'Студено ми е', 'Добре ми е'.
⚠️

No 'То' Allowed!

Never start a weather sentence with 'То'. It's the #1 sign of a beginner. Just start with the adjective or the verb.
💬

Complaining is Bonding

In Bulgaria, complaining about the weather (too hot, too cold, too rainy) is a legitimate way to bond with people. Don't be afraid to sound a bit negative!
💡

Rain vs. Snow

The verb 'Вали' covers both. If you don't specify, people usually assume rain. To be clear, add 'дъжд' (rain) or 'сняг' (snow).

Smart Tips

Delete the 'It' and just use the Bulgarian adjective ending in -о.

То е облачно. Облачно е.

Use 'ми е' with the adjective. Think of it as 'To me, it is...'.

Аз съм студен. Студено ми е.

Always follow 'Има' with a noun (sun, wind, fog), never an adjective.

Има слънчево. Има слънце.

Use the prefix 'за-' with 'вали' to mean 'it started raining'.

Дъждът започна. Заваля дъжд.

발음

/vaˈli/

Stress on 'Вали'

The stress is on the second syllable: va-LI.

/ˈslɤnt͡ʃɛvo/

Reduction of 'о' in 'Слънчево'

The final 'о' is often pronounced slightly like 'у' in fast speech: SLUN-che-vu.

Exclamatory Weather

Какво време! ↗

Expressing surprise or annoyance at the weather.

암기하기

기억법

Remember: 'Вали' is for the Valley (where rain falls), and never use 'То' for the weather flow!

시각적 연상

Imagine a giant 'Е' standing in the middle of a sunny field. It doesn't need a person to hold it up; it just exists. That's 'Слънчево е'.

Rhyme

Вали, вали, дъжд ни мокри до зори!

Story

A traveler arrives in Sofia and says 'Аз съм топло'. The locals laugh because they think he's a warm-hearted person. He learns to say 'Топло ми е' and finally gets a cold drink.

Word Web

времепрогнозатемператураградусичадърслънцезащитен

챌린지

Look out your window right now and say three sentences in Bulgarian: one with a verb, one with an adjective, and one about how you feel.

문화 노트

Bulgarians use weather as a safe, neutral topic to start conversations with strangers or acquaintances. It's common to complain about the heat in summer and the cold in winter.

In mountain regions like Rila or Pirin, weather terms are more specific. People pay close attention to 'мъгла' (fog) as it can be dangerous.

On the coast, 'бриз' (breeze) is a common word, and weather is often discussed in the context of 'вълнение' (sea state/waves).

The word 'време' comes from Old Church Slavonic 'врѣмя', originally meaning 'a turn' or 'a point in a cycle'.

대화 시작하기

Какво е времето днес?

Студено ли ти е?

Каква е прогнозата за уикенда?

Какво правиш, когато вали като из ведро?

일기 주제

Опиши времето днес в твоя град.
Какво беше времето по време на последната ти ваканция?
Напиши кратък имейл до приятел, в който обясняваш защо не можеш да излезеш заради времето.
Как се променя времето в твоята страна през различните сезони?

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

Choose the correct way to say 'It is sunny'. 객관식

___ е.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Слънчево
Weather states use the neuter form of the adjective ending in -о.
Correct the sentence: 'Аз съм студено'. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аз съм студено.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Студено ми е.
Personal feelings use the Dative clitic 'ми' and the verb 'е'.
Fill in the missing verb for 'It is raining'.

Днес ___ дъжд.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: вали
'Вали' is the specific verb used for rain and snow.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

беше / вчера / ветровито / много

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вчера беше много ветровито.
The standard order is Time + Verb + Adverb + Adjective.
Match the noun to its weather adjective. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Слънчево, Ветровито, Облачно, Мъгливо
These are the neuter adjective forms used for weather.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Студено ли ти е? Б: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Да, студено ми е.
The response must match the Dative construction of the question.
Which of these is NOT a weather verb? Grammar Sorting

вали, духа, гърми, ям

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ям
'Ям' means 'to eat' and has nothing to do with weather.
Is the following statement true or false? True False Rule

In Bulgarian, you must use the word 'То' (It) before 'вали'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Bulgarian weather expressions are impersonal and do not use a dummy subject.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Choose the correct way to say 'It is sunny'. 객관식

___ е.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Слънчево
Weather states use the neuter form of the adjective ending in -о.
Correct the sentence: 'Аз съм студено'. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Аз съм студено.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Студено ми е.
Personal feelings use the Dative clitic 'ми' and the verb 'е'.
Fill in the missing verb for 'It is raining'.

Днес ___ дъжд.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: вали
'Вали' is the specific verb used for rain and snow.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

беше / вчера / ветровито / много

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вчера беше много ветровито.
The standard order is Time + Verb + Adverb + Adjective.
Match the noun to its weather adjective. Match Pairs

Слънце, Вятър, Облак, Мъгла

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Слънчево, Ветровито, Облачно, Мъгливо
These are the neuter adjective forms used for weather.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Студено ли ти е? Б: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Да, студено ми е.
The response must match the Dative construction of the question.
Which of these is NOT a weather verb? Grammar Sorting

вали, духа, гърми, ям

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ям
'Ям' means 'to eat' and has nothing to do with weather.
Is the following statement true or false? True False Rule

In Bulgarian, you must use the word 'То' (It) before 'вали'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Bulgarian weather expressions are impersonal and do not use a dummy subject.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Not really. You should say `Вали дъжд` (It's raining) or `Времето е дъждовно` (The weather is rainy).

`Топло` is pleasantly warm, while `горещо` is hot (often uncomfortably so).

You say `20 градуса е` (It is 20 degrees).

Because `Аз съм студен` describes a permanent quality of your character or a physical property of an object, not a temporary feeling of cold.

By itself, it usually implies rain, but it's a general verb for precipitation. You add `сняг` for snow or `градушка` for hail.

The most common way is `Какво е времето?`.

No, it also means 'time'. Context is key: `Хубаво време` (Good weather) vs. `Нямам време` (I don't have time).

You can say `Времето се променя` or `Времето се разваля` (if it's getting worse).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English low

It is raining / It is sunny

Bulgarian lacks the 'dummy it' subject.

Spanish moderate

Hace sol / Está nublado

Bulgarian doesn't use a verb meaning 'to make' for weather.

French low

Il fait beau / Il pleut

Mandatory subject 'il' in French vs. no subject in Bulgarian.

German low

Es regnet / Es ist sonnig

German requires 'es' for general weather but matches Bulgarian for personal feelings.

Japanese partial

Ame ga futte imasu (雨が降っています)

Japanese explicitly states 'rain' as the subject more often.

Arabic moderate

Al-jawwu mushmis (الجوي مشمس)

Arabic doesn't have a verb 'to be' in the present tense, unlike Bulgarian 'е'.

Chinese high

Xià yǔ (下雨)

Chinese lacks conjugation, while Bulgarian verbs change for tense.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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