C1 Noun Gender 16 min read Medium

German Genitive Compounds & the S-Connector (Fugen-s)

Master the -s- connector to condense complex genitive phrases into professional, high-level compound nouns.
Mark as Learned
Practice it

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The 'Fugen-s' is an extra 's' added between two nouns in a compound to make them sound better.

  • Use -s after feminine nouns ending in -heit, -keit, -schaft, -ung: {die|f} Freiheit + {der|m} Kampf = Freiheitskampf.
  • Use -s after nouns ending in -ling, -ion, -tät: {die|f} Universität + {das|n} Leben = Universitätsleben.
  • Use -s for many masculine/neuter nouns ending in -e, -en, -er: {der|m} Geburtstag + {die|f} Torte = Geburtstagstorte.
Noun A + (s) + Noun B = Compound Noun

Overview

German, renowned for its precision and capacity to form complex ideas, frequently employs compound nouns to express these concepts concisely. While you may already be familiar with simpler compounds like das Haus (house) and die Tür (door) forming die Haustür die (house door), advancing to the C1 level introduces you to the nuances of genitive compounds. These sophisticated constructions involve two or more nouns combined, where the first element modifies the second by establishing a relationship of possession, origin, or purpose, often akin to an 'of the' phrase in English.

A defining characteristic of many such compounds is the Fugen-s (linking s), a subtle but crucial connector that integrates the constituent parts into a single, coherent lexical unit.

Historically, this s functioned as a genuine genitive case ending, particularly for masculine and neuter nouns. Over centuries, its role evolved, transitioning from a purely grammatical marker to a conventional linking element. Today, it appears even in contexts where the modern genitive case might not otherwise demand it.

Mastering the Fugen-s is instrumental for C1 learners, enabling greater precision and efficiency in expression. It allows you to construct idiomatic phrases like die Unternehmensentwicklung die (company development), distinguishing them from less natural von constructions (e.g., die Entwicklung von dem Unternehmen), thereby significantly enhancing your command of both formal and everyday German.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, a German compound noun derives its grammatical gender and plurality exclusively from its final element, known as the head noun. For instance, der Wirtschaftsbericht der (economic report) is masculine solely because Bericht der is masculine, regardless of the preceding elements. The Fugen-s plays a dual role: it signals a historical genitive relationship and, crucially, facilitates pronunciation.
The historical genesis of the Fugen-s lies in the genitive singular forms of many masculine and neuter nouns, which traditionally end in -s or -es. Consider der König der (the king); its genitive is des Königs. When König combines with die Krone die (crown) to form die Königskrone die (king's crown), the -s explicitly communicates 'crown of the king'.
However, its modern application extends beyond nouns that currently form their genitive with -s. The Fugen-s has largely become a non-grammatical, lexicalized linking sound, indicating that the preceding noun functions as a modifier.
Beyond its historical roots, the Fugen-s often serves a practical phonetic purpose. It creates a smoother, more natural transition between the components of a compound, preventing awkward consonant clusters that would otherwise be difficult or cumbersome to pronounce. Compare the flow of das Wirtschaftsministerium das (Ministry of Economy) with the clunky, hypothetical Wirtschaftministerium.
This phonetic benefit has cemented the Fugen-s as a conventional linker, so much so that it appears even with feminine nouns like die Liebe die (love) in der Liebesbrief der (love letter), despite feminine nouns not historically taking an -s in their genitive form. This demonstrates its evolution into a widespread linking morph, essential for German compounding.

Formation Pattern

1
The formation of genitive compounds using the Fugen-s isn't arbitrary; it follows discernible patterns influenced primarily by the ending and nature of the first noun in the compound. While Sprachgefühl (an intuitive feel for the language) is invaluable for borderline cases, many instances are highly predictable, particularly for the formal and academic vocabulary common at the C1 level.
2
Here are the predominant patterns dictating the inclusion or omission of the Fugen-s:
3
Nouns ending in specific suffixes: This is one of the most reliable indicators. If the first noun ends in -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft, -tät, -ion, or -ment, a Fugen-s is almost invariably inserted. This rule holds even if the base noun is feminine and would not take an -s in its standalone genitive form.
4
die Hoffnung die + der Schimmer der = der Hoffnungsschimmer der (glimmer of hope)
5
die Universität die + das Gelände das = das Universitätsgelände das (university campus)
6
die Freiheit die + der Kampf der = der Freiheitskampf der (freedom struggle)
7
Most masculine and neuter nouns: If the first noun is masculine or neuter and typically forms its genitive singular with an -s or -es, it generally retains this linking s in compounds. This reflects the historical origin of the Fugen-s.
8
der Staat der + das Eigentum das = das Staatseigentum das (state property)
9
das Leben das + der Sinn der = der Lebenssinn der (meaning of life)
10
Monosyllabic nouns (often masculine/neuter): Many short, common masculine or neuter nouns frequently take a Fugen-s, even if their genitive form might be less regular or if the s serves primarily as a phonetic linker.
11
das Bild das + die Sprache die = die Bildsprache die (visual language)
12
der Tag der + das Licht das = das Tageslicht das (daylight)
13
Nouns ending in -e: This category is more complex. While many feminine nouns ending in -e (like die Straße) take a Fugen-n (e.g., der Straßenverkehr), some can take a Fugen-s if they fall into one of the other strong Fugen-s categories, or if the s aids pronunciation from the root word. For example, die Liebe die combines with das Lied das to form das Liebeslied das. The key is often the underlying noun category rather than just the final -e.
14
Nouns ending in -el, -er, -en: These noun types often do not take a Fugen-s. The existing suffix frequently provides sufficient phonetic connection, or the sound flow is already smooth without an additional linker.
15
der Handel der + die Kammer die = die Handelskammer die (chamber of commerce) – Note the exception here where Fugen-s IS used for Handel, reflecting a common pattern in business-related compounds. This demonstrates that Fugen-s rules are tendencies, not absolutes. However, more typically:
16
das Wasser das + der Hahn der = der Wasserhahn der (water tap)
17
der Ofen der + die Tür die = die Ofentür die (oven door)
18
Verbal nouns (nominalized infinitives): These typically do not take a Fugen-s. As they are derived from verbs, they do not possess a genitive form in their original verbal state, rendering the Fugen-s unnecessary.
19
das Wohnen + das Zimmer das = das Wohnzimmer das (living room)
20
das Rauchen + das Verbot das = das Rauchverbot das (smoking ban)
21
This table summarizes the tendencies, but remember that Sprachgefühl and exposure are paramount for the exceptions and less common formations:
22
| First Noun Ending/Type | Fugen-s Behavior | Examples |
23
| :----------------------------------------------------- | :------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- |
24
| -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft, -tät, -ion, -ment | Almost always s | Zeitungsleser der, Freiheitskampf der |
25
| Most masculine/neuter nouns (genitive in -s/-es) | Generally s | Landschaft die, Lebenssinn der |
26
| Monosyllabic (often M/N) | Frequently s | Wortschatz der, Tagslicht das |
27
| Feminine nouns ending in -e | Context-dep. s| Liebeslied das (but often -n) |
28
| Nouns ending in -el, -er, -en | Often no s | Wasserhahn der, Ofentür die |
29
| Nominalized infinitives | Never s | Wohnzimmer das, Rauchverbot das |

Gender & Agreement

One of the most fundamental and unwavering rules in German compounding is that the gender of the entire compound noun is determined solely by its last component: the head noun. This rule operates without exception and is absolutely critical for the correct assignment of articles, the proper declension of accompanying adjectives, and accurate pronoun agreement within any sentence. Regardless of the gender or number of the preceding modifying nouns, the compound noun inherently adopts the grammatical properties of its final part.
Consider die Wirtschaft die (the economy) and der Bericht der (the report). When these combine, they form der Wirtschaftsbericht der (the economic report). Despite Wirtschaft being a feminine noun, the entire compound noun unequivocally takes the masculine definite article der because Bericht is masculine.
Similarly, die Liebe die (love) and das Lied das (song) merge to create das Liebeslied das (love song), adopting the neuter gender of Lied das.
This principle carries significant weight when you integrate these compounds into larger sentences. Any adjectives that precede and modify the compound noun must agree in gender, number, and case with the head noun, not the modifying noun. For instance, der jährliche Wirtschaftsbericht der (the annual economic report) correctly uses the masculine nominative adjective ending -e to match Bericht.
An error such as die jährliche Wirtschaftsbericht would instantly signal a non-native speaker. Mastering this rule demonstrates a sophisticated grasp of German syntax, preventing common errors where learners mistakenly assign gender based on the initial noun or a perceived semantic connection rather than strict grammatical structure.

When To Use It

The Fugen-s in German genitive compounds is not merely a grammatical curiosity; it is a powerful tool for conciseness, specificity, and formality that is integral to advanced German communication. You employ these compounds to express complex relationships efficiently and idiomatically.
  • For Conciseness and Efficiency: Fugen-s compounds allow you to package ideas that might require a prepositional phrase (von + Dative) in English or simpler German, into a single, compact noun. Instead of die Entwicklung von dem Unternehmen (the development of the company), the elegant and standard form is die Unternehmensentwicklung die. This directness is a hallmark of native German expression.
  • In Formal and Academic Contexts: In professional reports, academic papers, and official communications, Fugen-s compounds are ubiquitous. They lend precision and gravitas to language. Think of terms like das Forschungsfeld das (research field), die Regierungserklärung die (government statement), or das Wirtschaftswachstum das (economic growth). These are the expected and preferred forms.
  • To Create Specific, Lexicalized Concepts: Many Fugen-s compounds have become single, indivisible lexical units, forming a specific concept that a von-phrase cannot fully replicate. Der Geburtstag der (birthday) is not just 'the day of the birth'; it's a distinct cultural event. Der Lebensunterhalt der (livelihood) is a singular idea, more than simply 'the maintenance of life'. These compounds have evolved beyond simple combinations into established terms.
  • To Clarify Relationships: While von can express possession or origin, the Fugen-s compound often implies a tighter, more integral connection. For example, der Haustürschlüssel der (house door key) implies a key belonging to or for the house door, creating a single, precise entity. This is a subtle yet significant difference that adds nuance.
Consider the contrast: der Pullover von meiner Mutter (my mother's sweater – a possessive relationship) versus der Mutterschaftsurlaub der (maternity leave – an abstract, official concept). The Fugen-s often indicates a more abstract, generic, or institutional connection rather than direct personal possession.

Common Mistakes

Navigating Fugen-s compounds can be challenging, even for advanced learners. Awareness of common pitfalls can significantly refine your German. Many errors stem from overgeneralization or confusion with other grammatical phenomena.
  • Incorrect Fugen-s Insertion (Over-application): A frequent mistake is adding a Fugen-s where it's not required or isn't idiomatic. For example, while die Wohnungstür die (apartment door) is correct, you would not say die Kinderszimmer for das Kinderzimmer das (children's room). The Fugen-s is largely absent with nouns ending in -er, -el, -en unless overridden by strong lexical patterns. Consult comprehensive dictionaries for confirmation when uncertain.
Incorrect
✗Confusion with Plural -s: Do not conflate the Fugen-s with the plural -s ending. These are distinct. Das Auto das (car) becomes die Autos (cars) in the plural. However, die Autotür die (car door) does not have a Fugen-s; the first element Auto acts directly as a modifier. The -s in Autos denotes plurality, while the Fugen-s serves as a linking element in compounds. der Chef der (boss)
✓die Chefs (bosses) vs. das Chefsessel der (boss's chair), where the -s is a Fugen-s.
  • Gender Assignment Errors: This is perhaps the most fundamental mistake. Learners sometimes mistakenly assign the gender of the first noun to the entire compound. Always, without exception, remember that the head noun (the last component) dictates the gender. Forgetting this leads to incorrect article usage and adjective declension, e.g., saying das Wirtschaftsbericht instead of der Wirtschaftsbericht der (economic report).
  • Misinterpreting the Relationship: While Fugen-s often implies possession, it can also signal purpose or origin. Avoid assuming a one-to-one 'of the' translation. Das Krankenhaus das (hospital) is a 'house for the sick,' not 'house of the sick.' Das Geschäftshaus das (commercial building) is a 'house for business,' not 'house of business.' The specific relationship is often semantic, derived from the established meaning of the compound.
  • Over-reliance on von-phrases: While grammatically correct, consistently using von where a Fugen-s compound is standard can make your German sound less native and more cumbersome. Der Leiter von der Abteilung (the head of the department) is understandable, but der Abteilungsleiter der is significantly more concise and idiomatic in professional contexts.

Common Collocations

Familiarity with frequently occurring Fugen-s compounds, or collocations, is crucial for sounding natural and professional in German. These are often established terms you will encounter regularly across various domains.
  • Business & Administration:
  • der Geschäftsführer der (managing director)
  • das Unternehmenswachstum das (corporate growth)
  • die Marktforschung die (market research)
  • der Arbeitsplatz der (workplace)
  • die Regierungspolitik die (government policy)
  • Daily Life & Society:
  • der Lebensmittel die(pl) (groceries)
  • das Lebensgefühl das (attitude towards life, zest for life)
  • der Geburtstagskuchen der (birthday cake)
  • die Freizeitaktivität die (leisure activity)
  • der Gesundheitszustand der (state of health)
  • Academic & Technical:
  • das Forschungsergebnis das (research result)
  • die Entwicklungsgeschichte die (developmental history)
  • das Bildungssystem das (education system)
  • die Erkenntnisstheorie die (epistemology)
  • die Sprachwissenschaft die (linguistics)
  • Abstract Concepts:
  • der Glücksmoment der (moment of happiness)
  • der Hoffnungsschimmer der (glimmer of hope)
  • die Liebeserklärung die (declaration of love)
  • der Leidensdruck der (suffering pressure/burden)
Many of these terms are so deeply ingrained in the German lexicon that attempting to rephrase them without the Fugen-s would sound awkward or incorrect. Learning these as single vocabulary items, complete with their Fugen-s, is often more effective than trying to apply a rule each time.

Real Conversations

The Fugen-s compounds are not confined to textbooks or formal documents; they are an integral part of how native speakers communicate across various registers, from casual chat to high-level discourse. Understanding their prevalence in real-world contexts solidifies your command.

- Work Emails & Business Communication: In a professional setting, Fugen-s compounds are indispensable for clarity and conciseness. A manager might write, Bitte senden Sie mir den Projektstatusbericht bis Freitag (Please send me the project status report by Friday). Here, Projektstatusbericht der is far more efficient than Bericht über den Status des Projekts.

- News Articles & Media: German news heavily relies on these compounds to deliver information efficiently. You’ll frequently encounter phrases like die Energiekrise die (energy crisis), der Umweltschutz der (environmental protection), or die Regierungsverhandlungen die(pl) (government negotiations). These are the standard, expected terms.

- Casual Conversation: While perhaps less frequent for highly complex academic terms, everyday Fugen-s compounds are common. Imagine discussing weekend plans: Wir machen einen Wochenendsausflug zum See (We're going on a weekend trip to the lake). Or talking about a party: Die Geburtstagsparty war super! (The birthday party was great!). The phonetic ease they offer makes them natural in spoken German.

- Social Media & Texting: Even in informal digital communication, where brevity is often prized, Fugen-s compounds appear naturally. A quick message might read: Wohnungssuche ist echt stressig (Apartment hunting is really stressful), using Wohnungssuche die for 'search for an apartment.' This demonstrates their pervasive nature across all communication styles.

The Fugen-s is a testament to the German language's efficiency, allowing speakers to encapsulate nuanced relationships in single, often lengthy, words. This linguistic trait allows for precise communication, reflecting a cultural inclination towards thoroughness and conceptual clarity. Observing these compounds in authentic German will continuously refine your Sprachgefühl.

Quick FAQ

  • Q1: Is there a definitive, foolproof rule for when to use the Fugen-s?
  • A1: Unfortunately, no single, absolute rule covers every instance. While strong patterns and tendencies exist (especially with certain suffixes like -ung, -heit, -keit), there are exceptions and less predictable cases. Developing Sprachgefühl through extensive reading and listening is ultimately the most reliable guide for truly idiomatic usage. Dictionaries are also your best friend here.
  • Q2: Can I always use a von-phrase instead of a Fugen-s compound?
  • A2: While grammatically possible in many instances, using von can often make your German sound less natural, less concise, and overly formal for simple concepts, or overly simplistic for complex ones. Fugen-s compounds are generally preferred for efficiency and idiomatic expression, especially in formal or academic contexts where they create lexicalized terms.
  • Q3: Does the Fugen-s change the meaning of the compound?
  • A3: The Fugen-s itself does not inherently alter the core meaning. Its primary function is to link the two components and, historically, to indicate a genitive relationship. It helps to clarify that the first noun modifies the second, creating a single, integrated concept rather than two separate nouns. The specific relationship (possession, purpose, origin) is derived from the compound's established meaning.
  • Q4: How can I distinguish between a Fugen-s and a genuine genitive -s ending?
  • A4: A true genitive -s (or -es) is part of the declension of a noun in the genitive case, typically found after a definite article or demonstrative pronoun (e.g., des Mannes Mantel, dieses Buches Titel). A Fugen-s, however, occurs within a compound noun, directly connecting the modifying noun to the head noun (e.g., der Mannschaftsgeist der – team spirit). It does not belong to an inflected noun phrase.
  • Q5: What about other linking elements in German compounds, like Fugen-n or Fugen-e?
  • A5: You are right to notice these! German has other linking elements. Fugen-n is very common, particularly with masculine weak nouns (e.g., der Student → das Studentenleben das) and many feminine nouns ending in -e (e.g., die Straße → der Straßenverkehr der). Fugen-e is much rarer and often archaic (e.g., der Schweinebraten der from das Schwein). Each has its own patterns, and learning to distinguish them is part of mastering German compounding.

Fugen-s Suffix Patterns

Suffix Example Noun Compound Translation
-heit
{die|f} Freiheit
{der|m} Freiheitskampf
Freedom fight
-keit
{die|f} Schwierigkeit
{die|f} Schwierigkeitsstufe
Difficulty level
-schaft
{die|f} Gemeinschaft
{die|f} Gemeinschaftsaufgabe
Community task
-ung
{die|f} Erziehung
{die|f} Erziehungsberechtigte
Guardian
-tät
{die|f} Universität
{die|f} Universitätsstadt
University city
-ion
{die|f} Produktion
{die|f} Produktionskosten
Production costs

Meanings

The Fugen-s is a morphological connector used to link two nouns in a compound, often derived from the historical genitive case.

1

Genitive Origin

Reflects the historical genitive case of the first noun.

“{der|m} Geburtstag”

“{die|f} Liebeserklärung”

Reference Table

Reference table for German Genitive Compounds & the S-Connector (Fugen-s)
Type Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun1 + s + Noun2
{der|m} Geburtstagstorte
Negative
Noun1 + s + Noun2
Keine {die|f} Geburtstagstorte
Question
Ist das eine Noun1 + s + Noun2?
Ist das eine Geburtstagstorte?
Plural
Noun1 + s + Noun2s
{die|f} Geburtstagstorten
Genitive
Des Noun1 + s + Noun2
Der Geschmack der Geburtstagstorte
Compound
Noun1 + s + Noun2
{die|f} Arbeitsplatzsuche

Formality Spectrum

Formal
{der|m} Arbeitsplatz

{der|m} Arbeitsplatz (Professional)

Neutral
{der|m} Arbeitsplatz

{der|m} Arbeitsplatz (Professional)

Informal
{der|m} Job

{der|m} Job (Professional)

Slang
Arbeitsplatz

Arbeitsplatz (Professional)

The Fugen-s Bridge

Fugen-s

Suffixes

  • -heit freedom
  • -ung education
Sign up free to read full explanation

Examples by Level

1

{die|f} Geburtstagstorte

Birthday cake

2

{der|m} Arbeitsplatz

Workplace

3

{das|n} Glücksgefühl

Feeling of happiness

4

{die|f} Liebeserklärung

Declaration of love

1

{die|f} Freiheitsstatue

Statue of Liberty

2

{die|f} Informationsquelle

Source of information

3

{der|m} Qualitätscheck

Quality check

4

{die|f} Lebensaufgabe

Life's work

1

{die|f} Schwierigkeitsstufe

Difficulty level

2

{die|f} Wissenschaftsmesse

Science fair

3

{die|f} Gemeinschaftsaufgabe

Community task

4

{die|f} Verfassungsänderung

Constitutional amendment

1

{die|f} Universitätsbibliothek

University library

2

{die|f} Produktionskosten

Production costs

3

{die|f} Aktiengesellschaft

Public limited company

4

{die|f} Persönlichkeitsentwicklung

Personal development

1

{die|f} Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung

Probability calculation

2

{die|f} Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung

Speed limit

3

{die|f} Unabhängigkeitserklärung

Declaration of independence

4

{die|f} Gerechtigkeitslücke

Justice gap

1

{die|f} Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung

Proportionality test

2

{die|f} Identitätsstiftung

Identity formation

3

{die|f} Notwendigkeitserklärung

Declaration of necessity

4

{die|f} Empfindlichkeitsanalyse

Sensitivity analysis

Easily Confused

German Genitive Compounds & the S-Connector (Fugen-s) vs Plural -s

Learners think the 's' makes it plural.

Common Mistakes

✗

Arbeitplatz

✓

Arbeitsplatz

Missing the connector.
✗

Geburtstag-Torte

✓

Geburtstagstorte

Hyphens are not standard.
✗

Freiheitkampf

✓

Freiheitskampf

Missing the -s after -heit.
✗

Universitäts-Leben

✓

Universitätsleben

Avoid unnecessary hyphens.

Sentence Patterns

Mein ___ ist sehr wichtig.

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

Mein Arbeitsplatz...

Sign up free to see all examples
💡

Suffix Check

If it ends in -ung, add an 's'.

Smart Tips

Always check compound spelling.

Projekt-Leiter → Projektleiter

Pronunciation

/s/

S-connector

Pronounced as a soft 's' /s/.

Compound stress

AR-beits-platz

Stress is always on the first part of the compound.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of the 's' as a 'glue' that sticks two words together so they don't fall apart.

Visual Association

Imagine a tiny 's' shaped bridge connecting two islands (the nouns).

Rhyme

When words are long and hard to say, add an 's' to show the way.

Story

The Noun 'Freiheit' wanted to marry 'Kampf'. They needed a ring to join them. They chose the golden 's' ring. Now they are 'Freiheitskampf'.

Word Web

FreiheitSchwierigkeitGemeinschaftErziehungUniversitätProduktion

Challenge

Find 5 compound nouns in a newspaper and circle the 's' connectors.

Cultural Notes

Germans value precision in language; correct compounds show high education.

Derived from the Middle High German genitive singular -es.

Conversation Starters

“

Was ist dein Lieblingsarbeitsplatz?

Journal Prompts

Describe your ideal workplace.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill the gap.

Der ___ (Arbeit + Platz) ist groß.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Correct compound.

Score: /1

Practice Exercises

1 exercises
Fill the gap.

Der ___ (Arbeit + Platz) ist groß.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Correct compound.

Score: /1

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct linking element. Fill in the Blank

Das Arbeit___zeugnis war sehr gut.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: s
Translate 'The wedding ring' using a compound noun. Translation

Die (Hochzeit + Ring) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hochzeitsring
Reorder to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

ist / Die / sehr / wichtig / Informationsfreiheit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Die Informationsfreiheit ist sehr wichtig.
Match the noun to its compound partner with the correct 's'. Match Pairs

Match the stems:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bildungsweg, Freiheitskampf, Wohnungsmarkt
Which compound is correct? Multiple Choice

The 'state property':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: das Staatseigentum
Fix the compound. Error Correction

Der Prüfungtermin wurde verschoben.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Der Prüfungstermin wurde verschoben.
Complete the word. Fill in the Blank

Die Geschwindigkeits___ (speed limit).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: beschränkung
Translate 'Research results'. Translation

Die ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Forschungsergebnisse
Select the correct word for 'Company leader'. Multiple Choice

Who leads the company?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Der Unternehmensleiter
Fix the spelling. Error Correction

Die Mannschaft-Stärke ist beeindruckend.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Die Mannschaftsstärke ist beeindruckend.

Score: /10

FAQ (1)

Usually yes, but sometimes it can be -n or -en.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Sign up free to practice

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Prepositional phrases

German uses morphology; Spanish uses syntax.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
German Linking -n- in Compound Nouns (Fugen-n)
Next
Turning Verbs into Nouns (Nominalisierung)

Continue With

C1 Builds On

The Glue of German Words: Linking -s- (Fugen-s)

Overview The `Fugen-s` (linking -s) is a crucial interfix in German, predominantly found in compound nouns. It acts as a...
C1 Builds On

German Linking -n- in Compound Nouns (Fugen-n)

Overview Mastering German compound nouns, particularly the subtle integration of linking elements (Fugenelemente), is a...

Related Grammar Rules

A1

German Nouns Ending in -chen (Always Neuter)

Overview German noun genders often challenge learners, lacking an intuitive system. While `{der|m} Tisch` (table) is mas...
C1

Poetic Article Omission (Nullartikel)

Overview In German, articles such as `{der|m}`, `{die|f}`, and `{das|n}` are integral components of noun phrases, typica...
A2

Instant Nouns: Turning Verbs into Nouns ({das} Essen)

Overview This rule represents a highly productive and linguistically significant aspect of German grammar: the direct no...
A2

German Plurals: Adding -er (die Kinder, die Häuser)

Overview The `-er` plural is a distinctive and grammatically significant pattern in German, primarily associated with **...
A1

German Noun Genders: He, She, or It? (der, die, das)

Overview In German, every noun possesses a **grammatical gender**: masculine, feminine, or neuter. This concept is funda...
Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!