Spanish Grammar Hub

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Browse the grammar system by level and category, then open clear explanations with practical examples.

369 Total Rules
69 Chapters
6 CEFR level
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Active filters: CEFR level: A2
A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense: Regular ER/IR Verbs (comí, viví)

Regular ER/IR verbs use identical endings (-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron) for completed past actions.

  • • ER and IR verbs share identical endings in the Pre...
  • • Use it for completed, 'one-and-done' actions with...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense Twins: I went & I was (Ser/Ir)

The verbs 'ser' and 'ir' share identical preterite forms; context and the word 'a' reveal the meaning.

  • • Ser and Ir share identical forms in the preterite...
  • • Use context clues like the preposition 'a' to dist...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense of 'Hacer': I Did/Made (Pretérito)

Master the irregular stem `hic-` and the spelling change in `hizo` to talk about completed past actions.

  • • Irregular stem 'hic-' used for all forms in preter...
  • • Third person singular changes 'c' to 'z' (hizo) fo...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Present Tense Verified

Verbs That Work Like Gustar (Me gusta...)

Spanish flips the logic: things please you, rather than you liking them.

  • • The thing being liked is the subject, not the pers...
  • • Use indirect pronouns like `me`, `te`, `le`, `nos`...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Past Tense of 'Tener': I had, I got (tuve, tuviste, tuvo)

Use the 'tuv-' stem without accents to describe specific, completed instances of having or getting something in the past.

  • • Irregular 'U-stem' verb: changes from 'ten-' to 't...
  • • Used for completed actions, specific events, or re...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense: Estar (estuve, estuviste)

Use the 'estuv-' stem for finished past states or locations within a defined, specific timeframe.

  • • Used for temporary states and locations with a cle...
  • • Irregular stem 'estuv-' is used for all persons in...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Preterite of 'Poder': I managed to (pude, pudiste...)

Use `pude` to show you successfully completed a specific action or 'managed to' do it in the past.

  • • Preterite of `poder` means 'managed to' or 'succee...
  • • Uses the irregular stem `pud-` followed by special...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Time Anchors (Ayer, Pasado, Hace)

Time markers like `ayer` and `hace` anchor actions to specific, finished moments using the Preterite tense.

  • • Use `ayer`, `anoche`, and `anteayer` for specific...
  • • Combine `{el|m}/{la|f}` + time unit + `pasado/a` f...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Simple (Pretérito Indefinido)

Use `pretérito indefinido` for finished past actions that move your story forward like snapshots in time.

  • • Used for completed actions at specific times in th...
  • • Regular `-ar` and `-er/-ir` verbs have distinct en...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Ser and Ir in the Past: Identical Twins (fui, fue)

Ser and Ir share the same past forms; distinguish them by checking for a destination (Ir) or description (Ser).

  • • Ser and Ir have identical forms in the Preterite t...
  • • Use 'a' after the verb to indicate 'Ir' (movement)...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Estar in the Past: I was there (estuve, estuviste)

Use `estuv-` for completed past states or locations, and never add an accent mark to the endings.

  • • Uses the irregular stem `estuv-` instead of the re...
  • • Describes specific locations, health states, or mo...
11 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

The Irregular Preterite (tuv-, hic-, dij-)

Master the stems (UV, U, I, J) and drop the accents to conquer Spanish irregular past tense verbs.

  • • Irregular preterite verbs use unique stems and spe...
  • • Groups include UV-stems (tuv-), U-stems (pud-), I-...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Present Tense Verified

Spanish Venir Conjugation: The Stem-Changing 'Go' Verb

Remember that 'Venir' works exactly like 'Tener': 'vengo' in the first person, and 'e-to-ie' changes for everyone except 'nosotros' and 'vosotros'.

  • • Yo form ends in -go (vengo)
  • • Stem changes e > ie inside the boot
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Managing to Do It: The Irregular 'Poder' (Pude)

Use the `pud-` stem without accents to describe specific instances where you managed to do something in the past.

  • • Irregular stem change from `pod-` to `pud-` in the...
  • • Special irregular endings: `-e, -iste, -o, -imos,...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Preterite of Saber: 'I Found Out' (supe)

In the preterite, `saber` shifts from 'knowing' to 'discovering' the moment information is revealed.

  • • Preterite 'saber' means 'to find out' or 'to reali...
  • • Uses irregular stem 'sup-' with no accents on endi...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense: Actions Completed (Pretérito)

The Pretérito is your 'one-and-done' tense for reporting completed past events, results, and story actions.

  • • Used for completed actions in the past with a clea...
  • • Regular -ar verbs end in -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -as...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Irregular Past Stems (U, I, J Verbs)

Irregular preterite verbs swap their stems for U, I, or J forms and drop all written accents.

  • • Irregular stems replace the root verb in the prete...
  • • Common stems include U-stems (tuv-), I-stems (hic-...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Past Tense Spelling Changes (-car, -gar, -zar)

Change the spelling in the 'yo' form or 3rd person to keep pronunciation consistent in the past tense.

  • • Spelling changes in preterite maintain original co...
  • • -car, -gar, -zar verbs change only in the 'yo' for...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

-gar Verbs: I arrived (llegué)

Insert a silent 'u' after 'g' in the preterite 'yo' form of -gar verbs to keep the sound hard.

  • • -gar verbs change g to gu only in the preterite yo...
  • • This change preserves the hard 'g' sound from the...
12 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Past Tense Verified

Spanish Spelling: Past Tense -ZAR Verbs (z to c)

In the Preterite `yo` form, `-zar` becomes `-cé` to follow Spanish spelling rules while keeping the sound consistent.

  • • Verbs ending in `-zar` change `z` to `c` only in t...
  • • This change happens because Spanish spelling avoid...
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Present Tense Verified

Identity & Essentials: The Verb 'Ser' (to be)

Use `ser` to define the essential 'DNA' and identity of people, things, and time.

  • • Use Ser for permanent identity, characteristics, o...
  • • Ser is irregular: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.
10 examples 8 exercises 8 FAQ
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A2 Present Tense Verified

Going Places: The Verb 'Ir' (Present Tense)

Master the 'V' forms and always include 'a' to express movement or future plans correctly.

  • • Ir means 'to go' and is completely irregular in th...
  • • All present tense forms start with 'V' (voy, vas,...
10 examples 3 exercises 20 FAQ
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Frequently Asked Questions About Spanish Grammar

SubLearn covers 369 Spanish grammar rules organized across 6 CEFR proficiency levels (from A1 to C2), spanning 69 structured chapters. Each rule includes clear explanations, real-world examples, and interactive practice exercises.

Our Spanish grammar curriculum covers CEFR levels from A1 to C2. Each level is designed to match your current proficiency — beginners start with basic sentence patterns at A1, while advanced learners tackle nuanced structures at C1-C2.

Yes! All Spanish grammar rules, explanations, and examples are completely free to access. You can browse the full curriculum, read detailed explanations, and practice with exercises at no cost.

Grammar is organized into 69 thematic chapters following the CEFR framework. Each chapter groups related rules together — for example, verb tenses, sentence structure, or particles — so you can learn related concepts in a logical sequence.

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