B2 Infinitive Constructions 8 min read Easy

Saving the Spot: Anticipatory 'es' with Infinitive Clauses

Use es to introduce long infinitive actions, keeping your sentences balanced and grammatically complete.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'es' as a placeholder in the first position when an infinitive clause follows the main verb.

  • Use 'es' to fill the first position (Vorfeld) when the subject is an infinitive clause: 'Es ist schön, dich zu sehen.'
  • The 'es' disappears if you move the infinitive clause to the front: 'Dich zu sehen, ist schön.'
  • Never use 'es' if the subject is a noun or pronoun: 'Das Wetter ist schön' (not 'Es ist das Wetter schön').
Es + Verb + [Adjective/Noun] + , + zu + Infinitive

Overview

German sentence structure often requires specific elements to occupy particular positions. When a long phrase, specifically an infinitive clause (zu + verb), functions as the grammatical subject or object, it can disrupt this inherent structure, particularly the core Verb-Second (V2) word order in main clauses. To maintain balance and clarity, German employs a grammatical placeholder: the anticipatory es (also known as a correlative es or dummy es).

This es temporarily occupies the required grammatical slot (usually Position 1 as a subject, or after the finite verb as an object), signaling that the actual semantic content will follow in a subordinate infinitive clause. Think of es as a linguistic signpost: it tells you that the essential information, the zu-infinitive clause, is coming, preventing the main clause from feeling incomplete or grammatically 'empty.' It’s a mechanism for syntactic stability, allowing complex ideas to be expressed without sacrificing the fundamental word order principles of the language.

Mastering the anticipatory es is crucial for B2 learners. It enables you to construct more sophisticated sentences, moving beyond simple statement-verb-object structures to integrate complex actions or states as grammatical subjects or objects. This pattern is pervasive in both written and spoken German, making your language sound more natural and fluent, reflecting a deeper understanding of German syntax.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, German strives for a predictable sentence structure, particularly the V2 rule in main clauses, where the finite verb always occupies the second grammatical position. However, when the logical subject or object is an entire infinitive phrase, it can be unwieldy or grammatically challenging to place it directly in Position 1. This is where the anticipatory es steps in.
Consider the sentence "To learn German efficiently is important." In German, if you were to put the entire infinitive clause Deutsch effizient zu lernen directly at the beginning, it would push the finite verb ist to Position 2, maintaining V2. While grammatically possible (Deutsch effizient zu lernen ist wichtig), this construction can sound formal or emphasizes the infinitive clause excessively. More commonly, es takes the initial subject position, keeping the sentence flow more natural: Es ist wichtig, Deutsch effizient zu lernen. Here, es acts as a placeholder subject, fulfilling the grammatical requirement, while the true subject—the action of learning German efficiently—is deferred to the zu-infinitive clause.
Similarly, es can function as an anticipatory object. Many verbs in German require a direct object. If the object is an entire action or state expressed by an infinitive clause, es can fill the object slot, typically appearing after the finite verb.
For instance, with a verb like finden (to find), you might say Ich finde es wichtig, Deutsch effizient zu lernen. Here, es is the grammatical direct object of finden, anticipating the full infinitive clause Deutsch effizient zu lernen. The anticipatory es thus ensures that the main clause's argument structure is always complete, even when its semantic content is elaborated elsewhere in the sentence.
This grammatical strategy is not arbitrary; it reflects a principle of end-weight in German. Longer, more complex clauses often appear towards the end of a sentence, making the sentence easier to process. The anticipatory es facilitates this by front-loading a light, easily digestible placeholder, allowing the heavier infinitive clause to be placed in a less prominent, yet grammatically correct, position later in the sentence.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming sentences with anticipatory es involves combining a main clause containing es with a subordinate infinitive clause. The key is understanding how es integrates into the main clause and the consistent structure of the infinitive clause.
2
There are two primary patterns, depending on whether es acts as an anticipatory subject or an anticipatory object.
3
1. es as Anticipatory Subject
4
This is the most common usage. es occupies Position 1 in the main clause, functioning as a placeholder for the zu-infinitive clause that follows. The main clause often contains an adjective, a noun, or a passive construction.
5
| Main Clause Structure | Infinitive Clause (Always subordinate) | Example |
6
| :-------------------------------- | :------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------ |
7
| Es + finite verb + Adjective | , ... zu + infinitive | Es ist wichtig, Deutsch zu lernen. (It is important to learn German.) |
8
| Es + finite verb + Noun | , ... zu + infinitive | Es ist meine Aufgabe, die E-Mails zu beantworten. (It is my task to answer the emails.) |
9
| Es + passive verb | , ... zu + infinitive | Es wurde beschlossen, die Konferenz zu verschieben. (It was decided to postpone the conference.) |
10
Word Order in the Infinitive Clause: The zu always immediately precedes the infinitive verb at the very end of the clause.
11
Example: Es ist schön, einen freien Tag zu haben. (It is nice to have a free day.)
12
2. es as Anticipatory Object
13
Here, es acts as a placeholder for a direct object that is an infinitive clause. This typically occurs after verbs that can take an object, such as finden (to find), halten (to consider), lieben (to love), hassen (to hate), genießen (to enjoy), or in set phrases.
14
| Main Clause Structure | Infinitive Clause (Always subordinate) | Example |
15
| :------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------ |\
16
| Subject + finite verb + es + Adjective | , ... zu + infinitive | Ich finde es wichtig, pünktlich zu sein. (I find it important to be punctual.) |\
17
| Subject + finite verb + es + Noun | , ... zu + infinitive | Wir haben es zur Gewohnheit gemacht, Sport zu treiben. (We made it a habit to do sports.) |\
18
| Subject + verb + es | , ... zu + infinitive | Ich liebe es, neue Kulturen kennenzulernen. (I love to get to know new cultures.) |\
19
Mandatory Comma: A comma must always separate the main clause from the infinitive clause. This is a strict rule in German punctuation and signals the subordinate nature of the zu-infinitive construction. Failing to include the comma is a common, but easily avoidable, error.
20
Correct: Es ist schwierig, Deutsch zu lernen.
21
Incorrect: Es ist schwierig Deutsch zu lernen.
22
Infinitive Clause First: If you choose to place the zu-infinitive clause at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis, the anticipatory es in the main clause must be omitted. The infinitive clause itself then occupies Position 1.
23
Deutsch zu lernen ist schwierig. (Learning German is difficult.)
24
Pünktlich zu sein finde ich wichtig. (To be punctual, I find important.)
25
Note that while grammatically correct, these constructions are often perceived as more formal or literary than those using the anticipatory es.

When To Use It

The anticipatory es significantly enhances your ability to express complex ideas fluidly and idiomatically in German. You'll primarily use this construction in three main contexts:
1. With Impersonal Expressions and Adjectives
This is perhaps the most frequent application. When you want to describe an action or state as having a particular quality (e.g., wichtig, schön, schwierig, möglich, notwendig), the anticipatory es provides the necessary grammatical subject. These constructions are often impersonal, meaning the es doesn't refer to a specific tangible noun but rather to the entire concept expressed by the infinitive clause.
  • Es ist wichtig, die Aufgaben pünktlich abzugeben. (It is important to submit the assignments on time.) – Here, es stands for the action of submitting assignments on time.
  • Es ist schön, Zeit mit Freunden zu verbringen. (It is nice to spend time with friends.)
  • Es ist unmöglich, in so kurzer Zeit alles zu lernen. (It is impossible to learn everything in such a short time.)
2. With Verbs Expressing Feelings, Opinions, or Habits
Many verbs that express emotion, judgment, or the establishment of a habit can take an anticipatory es as their object, anticipating an infinitive clause. These verbs include lieben (to love), hassen (to hate), genießen (to enjoy), bevorzugen (to prefer), finden (to find/consider), halten (to consider), wagen (to dare), verstehen (to understand), sich freuen (to be glad/look forward to), sich gewöhnen (to get used to), and many others.
  • Ich liebe es, am Wochenende auszuschlafen. (I love to sleep in on weekends.) – es is the object of lieben, referring to the action of sleeping in.
  • Wir finden es entscheidend, offen zu kommunizieren. (We find it crucial to communicate openly.)
  • Hast du dich schon daran gewöhnt, so früh aufzustehen? (Have you already gotten used to getting up so early?) – Note daran as a pronominal adverb referencing the infinitive clause, often used in conjunction with es or as a substitute.
3. In Set Phrases and Fixed Expressions
Some idiomatic German expressions or fixed phrases inherently include an anticipatory es. These should be learned as integral units, as their meaning might not be fully transparent if each word is analyzed separately.
  • Es lohnt sich, Deutsch zu lernen. (It is worth it to learn German.)
  • Es schafft man, eine neue Sprache zu meistern. (One manages to master a new language.)
  • Er hat es eilig, den Bus zu erreichen. (He is in a hurry to catch the bus.)
  • Ich mache es mir zur Gewohnheit, jeden Tag Sport zu treiben. (I make it a habit to exercise every day.)
This pattern allows for elegant sentence construction, especially when discussing general truths, personal preferences, or the implications of actions without explicitly stating a human subject for the action within the zu-clause. It naturally streamlines your sentences, preventing them from becoming front-heavy and difficult to parse, a hallmark of advanced German expression.

Common Mistakes

Even at the B2 level, certain pitfalls frequently occur when using the anticipatory es. Understanding these common errors and the reasons behind them will significantly improve your accuracy.
1. Forgetting the Mandatory Comma
This is arguably the most common and persistent error. In German, a comma must always separate a main clause from a subordinate infinitive clause. Unlike English, where a comma before

Anticipatory 'Es' Structure

Position 1 Verb Complement Infinitive Clause
Es
ist
wichtig
, {das|n} zu tun.
Es
macht
Spaß
, zu reisen.
Es
fällt
mir schwer
, zu warten.
Es
scheint
gut
, zu bleiben.
Es
gilt
als wichtig
, zu helfen.
Es
wird
versucht
, zu gewinnen.
Es
ist
erlaubt
, zu gehen.
Es
bleibt
schwierig
, zu entscheiden.

Meanings

The anticipatory 'es' acts as a syntactic placeholder in the first position of a German sentence, allowing the actual subject (an infinitive clause) to appear later.

1

Subject Placeholder

Used when the subject of the sentence is an infinitive clause.

“Es ist wichtig, pünktlich zu sein.”

“Es macht Spaß, Deutsch zu lernen.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Saving the Spot: Anticipatory 'es' with Infinitive Clauses
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Es + Verb + Adj + , + zu-Inf
Es ist schön, zu tanzen.
Negative
Es + Verb + nicht + Adj + , + zu-Inf
Es ist nicht schwer, zu lernen.
Question
Verb + es + Adj + , + zu-Inf?
Ist es wichtig, zu kommen?
Fronted
Zu-Inf + Verb + (no es)
Zu tanzen ist schön.
Modal
Es + Modal + Verb + , + zu-Inf
Es muss sein, zu arbeiten.
Past
Es + war + Adj + , + zu-Inf
Es war toll, zu feiern.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Es ist von großer Bedeutung, zu arbeiten.

Es ist von großer Bedeutung, zu arbeiten. (Professional vs. Casual)

Neutral
Es ist wichtig, zu arbeiten.

Es ist wichtig, zu arbeiten. (Professional vs. Casual)

Informal
Es ist wichtig, zu arbeiten.

Es ist wichtig, zu arbeiten. (Professional vs. Casual)

Slang
Arbeiten ist wichtig, echt jetzt.

Arbeiten ist wichtig, echt jetzt. (Professional vs. Casual)

The 'Es' Placeholder Concept

Anticipatory Es

Function

  • Platzhalter Placeholder

Constraint

  • Vorfeld First position

Requirement

  • Infinitive Infinitive clause

Placeholder vs. Fronted Subject

Placeholder
Es ist gut, zu lesen. It is good to read.
Fronted
Zu lesen ist gut. To read is good.

Decision Flow

1

Is the subject an infinitive clause?

YES
Use 'Es' in position 1
NO
Use normal subject

Examples by Level

1

Es ist gut, zu essen.

It is good to eat.

2

Es ist schön, zu spielen.

It is nice to play.

3

Es ist wichtig, zu lernen.

It is important to learn.

4

Es ist toll, zu reisen.

It is great to travel.

1

Es macht Spaß, {das|n} Fahrrad zu reparieren.

It is fun to fix the bike.

2

Es ist schwer, {die|f} Sprache zu lernen.

It is hard to learn the language.

3

Es ist erlaubt, hier zu parken.

It is allowed to park here.

4

Es ist verboten, hier zu rauchen.

It is forbidden to smoke here.

1

Es fällt mir leicht, {die|f} Aufgabe zu erledigen.

It is easy for me to finish the task.

2

Es gelingt mir, {das|n} Ziel zu erreichen.

I succeed in reaching the goal.

3

Es ist notwendig, {die|f} E-Mail zu schreiben.

It is necessary to write the email.

4

Es ist geplant, {das|n} Haus zu renovieren.

It is planned to renovate the house.

1

Es ist erstaunlich, wie schnell {die|f} Zeit zu vergehen scheint.

It is amazing how fast time seems to pass.

2

Es ist unumgänglich, {die|f} Strategie zu ändern.

It is unavoidable to change the strategy.

3

Es bereitet mir Freude, {die|f} Gäste zu empfangen.

It gives me joy to welcome the guests.

4

Es ist ratsam, {die|f} Bedingungen zu prüfen.

It is advisable to check the conditions.

1

Es erweist sich als schwierig, {die|f} Komplexität zu erfassen.

It proves difficult to grasp the complexity.

2

Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob {das|n} Projekt zu realisieren ist.

It remains to be seen if the project is realizable.

3

Es ist von Bedeutung, {die|f} Nuancen zu verstehen.

It is of importance to understand the nuances.

4

Es ist kaum zu glauben, dass {die|f} Entwicklung so schnell voranschreitet.

It is hard to believe that the development progresses so fast.

1

Es ist unbestritten, dass es gilt, {die|f} Herausforderungen zu meistern.

It is undisputed that it is necessary to master the challenges.

2

Es ist in Anbetracht der Umstände geboten, {die|f} Maßnahmen zu überdenken.

It is required in view of the circumstances to rethink the measures.

3

Es ist ein Leichtes, {die|f} Fehler zu kritisieren, doch schwer, {die|f} Lösungen zu finden.

It is easy to criticize the mistakes, but hard to find the solutions.

4

Es ist demnach erforderlich, {die|f} Prioritäten neu zu setzen.

It is therefore necessary to reset the priorities.

Easily Confused

Saving the Spot: Anticipatory 'es' with Infinitive Clauses vs Impersonal 'Es'

Learners think 'Es' always refers to a subject.

Saving the Spot: Anticipatory 'es' with Infinitive Clauses vs Dass-clauses

Learners use 'dass' when an infinitive is better.

Saving the Spot: Anticipatory 'es' with Infinitive Clauses vs Fronted Infinitive

Keeping 'es' when the infinitive is at the start.

Common Mistakes

Es ist das Buch lesen gut.

Es ist gut, das Buch zu lesen.

Infinitive clause must be at the end.

Lesen ist es gut.

Lesen ist gut.

Don't use 'es' if the infinitive is fronted.

Ist es wichtig zu lernen?

Ist es wichtig, zu lernen?

Missing comma before infinitive.

Es ist wichtig lernen.

Es ist wichtig, zu lernen.

Missing 'zu'.

Es macht Spaß das Spiel zu spielen.

Es macht Spaß, das Spiel zu spielen.

Missing comma.

Es ist schwer für mich zu gehen.

Es ist schwer für mich, zu gehen.

Comma placement.

Es ist verboten rauchen.

Es ist verboten, zu rauchen.

Missing 'zu'.

Es fällt mir schwer, dass ich zu gehen.

Es fällt mir schwer, zu gehen.

Mixing 'dass' and infinitive.

Es ist zu gehen wichtig.

Es ist wichtig, zu gehen.

Incorrect word order.

Es gelingt mir, dass ich es mache.

Es gelingt mir, es zu machen.

Infinitive is preferred here.

Es ist unumgänglich, dass wir die Strategie zu ändern.

Es ist unumgänglich, die Strategie zu ändern.

Mixing clause types.

Zu ändern ist es die Strategie.

Die Strategie zu ändern, ist unumgänglich.

Incorrect fronting.

Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass es gelingt.

Es bleibt zu hoffen, dass es gelingt.

This is actually correct, but often confused with infinitive.

Es ist zu erwarten, dass es regnet.

Es ist zu erwarten, dass es regnet.

Correct, but learners often try to force an infinitive.

Sentence Patterns

Es ist ___ , zu ___ .

Es macht ___ , zu ___ .

Es fällt mir ___ , zu ___ .

Es ist ___ , die ___ zu ___ .

Real World Usage

Texting very common

Es ist echt schwer, heute aufzustehen.

Job Interview common

Es freut mich, hier zu sein.

Social Media common

Es ist toll, neue Leute zu treffen!

Food Delivery App occasional

Es ist möglich, die Bestellung zu ändern.

Travel Blog common

Es ist absolut empfehlenswert, die Altstadt zu besuchen.

Formal Email very common

Es ist erforderlich, die Unterlagen zu prüfen.

💡

Comma Rule

Always place a comma before the infinitive clause. It helps the reader breathe.
⚠️

Don't Overuse

If the infinitive clause is short, you can sometimes move it to the front to sound more direct.
🎯

Subject Check

If you are unsure if you need 'es', try to move the infinitive to the front. If it works, 'es' was just a placeholder.
💬

Sounding Natural

Using this structure makes you sound much more like a native speaker than always using 'dass' clauses.

Smart Tips

Use 'es' to start the sentence to avoid a heavy beginning.

Das Buch zu lesen ist wichtig. Es ist wichtig, das Buch zu lesen.

Move the infinitive clause to the front and remove 'es'.

Es ist schön, zu tanzen. Zu tanzen ist schön.

Use this structure to express necessity politely.

Wir müssen das prüfen. Es ist erforderlich, das zu prüfen.

If you have a 'zu' infinitive clause, always put a comma before it.

Es ist wichtig zu lernen. Es ist wichtig, zu lernen.

Pronunciation

's ist wichtig'

Stress

The 'es' is unstressed and often reduced to 's' in rapid speech.

Es-ist

Linking

The 'es' links smoothly to the verb.

Statement

Es ist wichtig, zu lernen. ↘

Falling intonation for a declarative statement.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Es is the 'Seat-Filler' for the sentence party.

Visual Association

Imagine a theater where the main character (the infinitive clause) is late. 'Es' is the understudy sitting in the front row seat until the real star arrives.

Rhyme

When the infinitive is long and wide, put 'Es' in the front to be your guide.

Story

The sentence was empty. 'Es' walked in and sat down. Then, the long infinitive clause arrived and said, 'Thanks for holding my seat!' The sentence was finally complete.

Word Web

VorfeldPlatzhalterInfinitiveStrukturSatzbauKomma

Challenge

Write 5 sentences using 'Es ist...' followed by an infinitive clause about your daily routine.

Cultural Notes

Germans value precision; using the placeholder 'es' correctly shows you understand sentence structure.

Austrian German often uses similar structures but may prefer slightly more formal phrasing.

Swiss German speakers often use this structure in formal writing, though spoken dialect differs.

The anticipatory 'es' evolved from the need to satisfy the V2 word order constraint in Germanic languages.

Conversation Starters

Was macht dir Spaß?

Ist es schwer, Deutsch zu lernen?

Was ist wichtig für eine gute Arbeit?

Wie findest du es, im Ausland zu leben?

Journal Prompts

Schreibe über deinen Tag.
Was sind deine Ziele für dieses Jahr?
Diskutiere die Vor- und Nachteile von Home-Office.
Reflektiere über eine schwierige Entscheidung in deinem Leben.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with 'es' or leave it empty.

___ ist wichtig, pünktlich zu sein.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es
The anticipatory 'es' is needed here.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist gut, zu lernen.
Correct structure and comma usage.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Zu reisen ist es toll.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zu reisen ist toll.
If the infinitive is fronted, 'es' must be removed.
Transform the sentence to use the anticipatory 'es'. Sentence Transformation

Deutsch zu lernen ist schwer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist schwer, Deutsch zu lernen.
The 'es' placeholder moves the infinitive to the end.
Order the words to make a correct sentence. Sentence Building

ist / es / zu / wichtig / helfen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist wichtig, zu helfen.
Standard structure.
Match the start of the sentence to the end. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist... / ...zu gehen.
Correct pairing.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

The anticipatory 'es' can be used with any verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is mostly used with verbs expressing states or opinions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Wie findest du das?' B: '___ , das zu machen.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist gut
Correct placeholder usage.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with 'es' or leave it empty.

___ ist wichtig, pünktlich zu sein.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es
The anticipatory 'es' is needed here.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist gut, zu lernen.
Correct structure and comma usage.
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Zu reisen ist es toll.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Zu reisen ist toll.
If the infinitive is fronted, 'es' must be removed.
Transform the sentence to use the anticipatory 'es'. Sentence Transformation

Deutsch zu lernen ist schwer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist schwer, Deutsch zu lernen.
The 'es' placeholder moves the infinitive to the end.
Order the words to make a correct sentence. Sentence Building

ist / es / zu / wichtig / helfen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist wichtig, zu helfen.
Standard structure.
Match the start of the sentence to the end. Match Pairs

Es ist... / ...zu gehen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist... / ...zu gehen.
Correct pairing.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

The anticipatory 'es' can be used with any verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is mostly used with verbs expressing states or opinions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Wie findest du das?' B: '___ , das zu machen.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist gut
Correct placeholder usage.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

schön / es / ist / dich / zu / treffen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist schön, dich zu treffen.
Translate into German. Translation

I hate to wait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich hasse es, zu warten.
Match the main clause with the appropriate infinitive clause. Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist verboten... hier zu parken. | Ich versuche es... pünktlich zu sein. | Es macht Spaß... Fußball zu spielen.
Is 'es' optional or obligatory here? Multiple Choice

Für mich ist ___ wichtig, gesund zu essen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: es (optional)
Add the missing word. Fill in the Blank

Er hat ___ abgelehnt, mir zu helfen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: es
Correct the comma placement. Error Correction

Es ist toll heute die Sonne zu sehen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist toll, heute die Sonne zu sehen.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

vergessen / ich / habe / es / den / Schlüssel / mitzunehmen

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ich habe es vergessen, den Schlüssel mitzunehmen.
Translate: 'It is my task to help you.' Translation

Translate the sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist meine Aufgabe, dir zu helfen.
Which one uses the correct 'zu' position? Multiple Choice

Pick the right sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es ist schwer, das zu verstehen.
Complete the fixed phrase. Fill in the Blank

Sie hat es sich ___ Ziel gesetzt, Spanisch zu lernen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: zum

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

It acts as a placeholder to keep the sentence structure balanced.

No, only when the subject is an infinitive clause.

Yes, it separates the main clause from the infinitive clause.

Then you must remove the 'es'.

It is used in all registers.

Because it anticipates the subject that comes later.

No, 'es gibt' is a fixed expression.

Yes, e.g., 'Es muss sein, zu arbeiten.'

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

It is [adj] to [verb]

German requires the comma before the infinitive clause.

French high

Il est [adj] de [verb]

German uses 'es' while French uses 'il'.

Spanish moderate

Es [adj] [verb-infinitive]

German requires the 'es' placeholder.

Japanese low

Verb-koto wa [adj] desu

Japanese structure is completely different.

Arabic low

Min al-muhim an...

Arabic does not use a dummy subject placeholder.

Chinese low

[Verb] hen [adj]

Chinese lacks dummy subjects.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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