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B2 noun 9 min read

فن آوری

fan-avari
Examples فن آوری in 30 Seconds
Explanation فن آوری in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'فن آوری' (fan-āvarī) in complex debates, but you should recognize it as the word for 'technology'. Think of it as the umbrella term for things like your phone (گوشی), computer (کامپیوتر), and the internet (اینترنت). At this stage, you might hear it in very simple sentences like 'Technology is good' or 'I like technology'. It's important to start associating this word with modern life. You can remember it by breaking it down: 'Fan' sounds a bit like the 'fan' in a computer, which is a piece of technology! While you might use the word 'تکنولوژی' more often because it sounds like English, knowing 'فن آوری' will help you understand signs and news headlines. Focus on the fact that it's a noun and usually comes at the beginning or end of simple sentences. For example: 'فناوری مهم است' (Technology is important). Don't worry about the complex spelling with the non-joiner yet; just try to recognize the visual shape of the word in print.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'فن آوری' in basic descriptions of your daily routine and preferences. You should be able to say things like 'I use technology for my homework' or 'New technology is very fast'. You are beginning to see how this word combines with other words using the 'Ezāfe' (the short 'e' sound that links words). For example, 'فن آوری جدید' (new technology) or 'فن آوری موبایل' (mobile technology). You might also start to notice it in simple news clips or advertisements. At this level, it’s helpful to understand that 'فن' means 'skill' and 'آوری' means 'bringing'. This helps you realize that technology is about 'bringing skills' to solve problems. You should practice using it with simple verbs like 'داشتن' (to have) or 'استفاده کردن' (to use). For example: 'ما در خانه فناوری‌های زیادی داریم' (We have many technologies at home). This level is about building comfort with the word's formal sound compared to the more casual 'تکنولوژی'.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'فن آوری' in discussions about more abstract topics like education, health, and the environment. You can now use it to express opinions and provide reasons. For example, 'I think technology has changed the way we learn' or 'Technology can help protect the environment'. You should be aware of common collocations like 'فن آوری اطلاعات' (Information Technology - IT) and 'توسعه فن آوری' (technology development). At this stage, you should also be able to distinguish between 'فن آوری' and 'صنعت' (industry). You might start using the plural form 'فن آوری‌ها' to talk about different types of tech. Your sentences should become more complex, perhaps using conjunctions: 'Although technology is useful, it can also be addictive' (اگرچه فناوری مفید است، اما می‌تواند اعتیادآور هم باشد). This is the level where you move from just knowing the word to actually integrating it into your active vocabulary for speaking and writing about general interest topics.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'فن آوری'. You can use it in formal essays and debates to discuss the pros and cons of technological advancement. You should be familiar with more specialized terms like 'فن آوری بومی' (indigenous technology), 'انتقال فن آوری' (technology transfer), and 'پیشرفت‌های فن آوری' (technological advancements). You can discuss the impact of technology on the labor market or its role in global politics. At this level, you understand the stylistic difference between using 'فن آوری' and 'تکنولوژی' and choose the former for professional or academic contexts. You are also able to use it in complex grammatical structures, such as passive voice or conditional sentences: 'If technology had not advanced so quickly, our lives would be very different' (اگر فناوری با این سرعت پیشرفت نکرده بود، زندگی ما بسیار متفاوت می‌بود). You should also be able to read and summarize articles from Persian newspapers that use this term extensively.
At the C1 level, your use of 'فن آوری' should be precise and sophisticated. You can use it to discuss complex philosophical or ethical issues, such as 'اخلاق در فن آوری' (ethics in technology) or the 'فلسفه فن آوری' (philosophy of technology). You should be able to understand and use it within the context of Iranian intellectual history, perhaps discussing how technology intersects with traditional Persian culture. You are comfortable with academic jargon and can read peer-reviewed journals in Persian that discuss technological research. You can also recognize and use related high-level terms like 'دانش فنی' (technical know-how) or 'زیرساخت‌های فن آوری' (technological infrastructures). Your ability to use the word should extend to professional presentations where you might argue for specific technological policies. You can also appreciate the nuances of how the word is used in different Persian-speaking regions (Iran vs. Afghanistan) and in different historical periods of the last century.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 'فن آوری' and its place in the Persian lexicon. You can engage in high-level debates about the ontological nature of technology or its impact on the 'Persian identity'. You are able to write comprehensive reports, academic papers, or even literary critiques that involve the concept of technology. You understand the most subtle connotations and can use the word with rhetorical flair. You might even play with the word's components in a poetic or creative way, reflecting on the 'art' (fan) and the 'bringing' (avari) in a metaphorical sense. You are also fully aware of the linguistic politics surrounding the word, including the efforts of the Farhangestān to promote it over foreign loanwords. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for deep intellectual expression, allowing you to navigate the most complex technical and social discourses in the Persian language with the same ease as a highly educated native speaker.
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Examples

فن آوری in 30 Seconds

  • A formal Persian noun meaning 'technology' or 'applied science'.
  • Derived from 'fan' (skill/art) and 'āvarī' (bringing/producing).
  • Used extensively in academic, governmental, and media contexts.
  • Often preferred over the loanword 'تکنولوژی' in professional writing.

The Persian term فن آوری (pronounced as 'fan-āvarī') is a sophisticated compound noun that serves as the linguistic cornerstone for discussing modern progress, scientific application, and technical ingenuity in the Persian-speaking world. To truly understand this word, one must dissect its morphological roots. The first component, فن (fan), is an ancient word inherited from Arabic but deeply integrated into Persian, signifying an art, a craft, a technique, or a specialized skill. The second component, آوری (āvarī), is a nominal suffix derived from the present stem of the Persian verb آوردن (āvardan), which means 'to bring' or 'to produce.' Therefore, etymologically, فن آوری translates literally to 'the bringing forth of skill' or 'the production of technique.' This reflects a philosophical view of technology not just as hardware, but as the systematic application of human knowledge to solve practical problems. In contemporary Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, this word is the formal standard used in academic, governmental, and journalistic contexts. While the loanword تکنولوژی (teknolozhi) is frequent in casual conversation, the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Farhangestān) strongly promotes فن آوری to preserve the lexical purity of the language. You will encounter this word when reading about the latest smartphone releases, discussing environmental solutions, or analyzing the history of human civilization. It encompasses everything from the primitive tools of the Stone Age to the complex algorithms of artificial intelligence.

Academic Context
In universities, students study various branches of 'fan-āvarī', such as biotechnology or information technology, focusing on the theoretical underpinnings of applied science.
Industrial Context
In manufacturing, this term refers to the machinery and processes that increase efficiency and output quality.
Social Context
Society views 'fan-āvarī' as a double-edged sword, capable of both connecting people and creating digital divides.

پیشرفت‌های سریع در فن آوری دیجیتال، سبک زندگی ما را به کلی تغییر داده است.

Translation: Rapid advancements in digital technology have completely changed our lifestyle.

دولت باید بر روی فن آوری‌های نوظهور سرمایه‌گذاری کند.

Translation: The government must invest in emerging technologies.

آیا فن آوری می‌تواند به حل بحران آب کمک کند؟

Translation: Can technology help solve the water crisis?

ما در عصر فن آوری اطلاعات زندگی می‌کنیم.

Translation: We live in the age of information technology.

بدون فن آوری، سفرهای فضایی غیرممکن بود.

Translation: Without technology, space travel would have been impossible.

Mastering the use of فن آوری requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its typical associations with specific verbs and adjectives. As a noun, it can function as the subject of a sentence, the direct object, or the object of a preposition. One of the most common ways to use it is in combination with the verb استفاده کردن (to use) or بهره گرفتن (to utilize). For example, you might say, 'We use technology to improve our lives' (ما از فن آوری برای بهبود زندگی‌مان استفاده می‌کنیم). Another frequent pairing is with verbs indicating growth or progress, such as توسعه یافتن (to be developed) or پیشرفت کردن (to advance). Because it is a formal word, it often appears in 'Ezāfe' constructions, where it is linked to a following adjective or noun to specify the type of technology. Common examples include فن آوری نوین (modern technology), فن آوری بومی (indigenous/local technology), and فن آوری هسته‌ای (nuclear technology). When describing the impact of technology, Persian speakers often use words like تاثیر (impact) or نقش (role). For instance, 'The role of technology in education is undeniable' (نقش فن آوری در آموزش غیرقابل انکار است). Furthermore, when discussing the transfer of technology between countries, the phrase انتقال فن آوری is the standard technical term. It is also important to note that when pluralized, it becomes فن آوری‌ها, used when referring to various different types of technological systems or tools. In professional writing, you will see it used to describe systemic changes: 'The transition to clean technology requires global cooperation' (گذار به فن آوری پاک نیازمند همکاری جهانی است). By learning these patterns, you can move beyond simple definitions and start constructing complex, natural-sounding Persian sentences that reflect a high level of linguistic proficiency.

Verb Pairing: To Develop
توسعه دادن فن آوری (To develop technology) - Example: دانشمندان در حال توسعه فن آوری‌های جدید هستند.
Verb Pairing: To Access
دسترسی به فن آوری (Access to technology) - Example: همه باید به فن آوری آموزشی دسترسی داشته باشند.
Adjective Pairing: Advanced
فن آوری پیشرفته (Advanced technology) - Example: این کارخانه از فن آوری پیشرفته استفاده می‌کند.

بسیاری از مشاغل به دلیل پیشرفت فن آوری از بین رفته‌اند.

Translation: Many jobs have disappeared due to the advancement of technology.

ما باید یاد بگیریم چگونه از فن آوری به طور مسئولانه استفاده کنیم.

Translation: We must learn how to use technology responsibly.

In the real world, the word فن آوری is ubiquitous, though its frequency varies by medium. If you turn on the evening news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) or BBC Persian, you will hear it almost daily in segments related to scientific achievements, military developments, or economic reports. News anchors often use phrases like 'آخرین دستاوردهای فن آوری' (the latest technological achievements). In the educational sphere, from primary schools to doctoral programs, 'فن آوری آموزشی' (educational technology) is a major topic of discussion, especially since the shift towards online learning. If you walk into a tech startup hub in Tehran, such as the Pardis Technology Park, the word is plastered on banners and used in every pitch deck. However, it's interesting to note the linguistic divide: while the CEO might use 'فن آوری' in an official interview, the developers in the same room might use 'تک' (tech) or 'تکنولوژی' when talking amongst themselves. In the literary and intellectual circles of Iran, the word is often discussed in the context of 'Westoxification' (Gharbzadegi) or the balance between tradition and modernity. You will also find it in legal documents and international treaties, specifically regarding 'حقوق فن آوری' (technology rights) and patents. On social media platforms like Instagram or Twitter (X), Persian-speaking tech influencers use the hashtag #فناوری to categorize content about gadget reviews, software updates, and digital trends. Even in religious or philosophical discourses, scholars might discuss the 'اخلاق فن آوری' (ethics of technology). Therefore, whether you are listening to a formal lecture, reading a high-brow newspaper like 'Etela'at', or watching a documentary on the history of the Silk Road's technical innovations, 'فن آوری' is the indispensable term you need to navigate these diverse linguistic landscapes.

Media Usage
Used in headlines to denote national progress or global scientific breakthroughs.
Business Usage
Found in company missions, describing the 'technical edge' a firm possesses over competitors.

وزیر علوم از پارک فن آوری بازدید کرد.

Translation: The Minister of Science visited the technology park.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistake when using فن آوری is confusing it with related but distinct terms like علم (science), صنعت (industry), or تکنیک (technique). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. علم refers to the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment, whereas فن آوری is the application of that scientific knowledge. Another frequent error is using 'فن آوری' to describe a single physical tool like a hammer or a screwdriver. In Persian, these are called ابزار (tools). 'فن آوری' describes the systemic knowledge that allows those tools to be created and used. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the spelling and pronunciation of the 'āvarī' suffix. It is not 'āvar' (which means 'bringer'); the 'ī' at the end is essential as it turns the verb stem into an abstract noun. Another subtle mistake involves the register. Using 'تکنولوژی' in a formal academic paper might be seen as a sign of a limited vocabulary or over-reliance on loanwords, even though it's perfectly fine in a cafe conversation. Conversely, using 'فن آوری' in a very casual text message to a friend about a new video game might sound a bit too stiff or 'bookish'. Finally, watch out for the pluralization. Some learners try to use the Arabic-style plural 'فنون' (funūn), but this specifically means 'arts' or 'techniques' in a traditional sense and is rarely used to mean 'technologies' in the modern scientific sense. Stick to the Persian plural فن آوری‌ها for modern contexts. Avoiding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure your message is clear and professional.

Mistake: Technology vs. Technique
Don't say 'فن آوری فوتبال' when you mean 'football technique'. Use 'تکنیک' or 'شگرد' for sports or artistic methods.
Mistake: Overusing Loanwords
In formal writing, avoid 'تکنولوژی' and always opt for 'فن آوری'.

When discussing technology in Persian, you have several linguistic options depending on the nuance you wish to convey. The most direct alternative is تکنولوژی (teknolozhi). This loanword is universally understood and is the dominant term in spoken Persian across all demographics. If you are in a casual setting, such as talking to a friend about their new laptop, 'تکنولوژی' is your best bet. However, if you want to emphasize the 'craft' or 'skill' aspect of a process, you might use شگرد (shegerd) or فوت و فن (fūt-o-fan). These terms are closer to 'the tricks of the trade' or 'know-how'. For example, an old carpenter has the 'فوت و فن' of woodworking, but he might not use 'فن آوری' in the modern sense. Another related word is صنعت (san'at), which means 'industry'. While technology and industry are linked, 'صنعت' refers to the sector of the economy that produces goods, while 'فن آوری' refers to the methods used. For instance, 'صنعت خودروسازی' (the automotive industry) uses 'فن آوری رباتیک' (robotic technology). In more philosophical or high-level academic discussions, you might encounter دانش فنی (dānesh-e fannī), which translates to 'technical knowledge' or 'know-how'. This is often used in business contracts regarding the transfer of intellectual property. Lastly, نوآوری (now-āvarī) means 'innovation'. While technology is the tool, innovation is the act of creating something new or improving existing systems. Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the precise word for your context, making your Persian more expressive and accurate.

تکنولوژی (Teknolozhi)
Informal/Common. Used in daily speech and advertising. 'این تکنولوژی خیلی جدیده' (This technology is very new).
صنعت (San'at)
Industry. Focuses on the production and economic side. 'صنعت نفت' (The oil industry).
شگرد (Shegerd)
Knack/Trick. Refers to a specific clever way of doing something. 'شگرد خاصی دارد' (He has a specific trick).
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Examples by Level

1

فن آوری خوب است.

Technology is good.

Subject + Adjective + Verb (ast).

2

من فن آوری را دوست دارم.

I like technology.

Use of 'rā' as a direct object marker.

3

این یک فن آوری جدید است.

This is a new technology.

Ezāfe (ī) linking 'fan-āvarī' and 'jadīd'.

4

کامپیوتر فن آوری است.

A computer is technology.

Simple identification sentence.

5

فن آوری در همه جا هست.

Technology is everywhere.

Prepositional phrase 'dar hame jā'.

6

آیا شما فن آوری دارید؟

Do you have technology?

Question form with 'āyā'.

7

کتاب و فن آوری.

Books and technology.

Use of 'va' (and).

8

فن آوری سریع است.

Technology is fast.

Simple descriptive sentence.

1

ما از فن آوری در مدرسه استفاده می‌کنیم.

We use technology in school.

Verb 'estefāde kardan' (to use) with 'az'.

2

فن آوری زندگی را آسان می‌کند.

Technology makes life easy.

Present simple tense of 'kardan'.

3

من می‌خواهم درباره فن آوری یاد بگیرم.

I want to learn about technology.

Compound verb 'yād gereftan' with 'darbāre-ye'.

4

این فن آوری خیلی گران است.

This technology is very expensive.

Adverb 'kheylī' (very).

5

پدرم در شرکت فن آوری کار می‌کند.

My father works in a technology company.

Ezāfe linking 'sherkat' and 'fan-āvarī'.

6

فن آوری‌های جدید جالب هستند.

New technologies are interesting.

Plural form 'fan-āvarī-hā'.

7

او بدون فن آوری نمی‌تواند زندگی کند.

He cannot live without technology.

Modal verb 'tavānestan' (can).

8

فن آوری موبایل تغییر کرده است.

Mobile technology has changed.

Present perfect tense 'taghyīr karde ast'.

1

فن آوری اطلاعات یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های اقتصاد است.

Information technology is one of the most important sectors of the economy.

Superlative 'mohemm-tarīn'.

2

بسیاری از مردم به فن آوری وابسته شده‌اند.

Many people have become dependent on technology.

Adjective 'vābaste' (dependent) with 'be'.

3

توسعه فن آوری به زمان نیاز دارد.

Developing technology takes time.

Noun 'tose'e' (development).

4

آیا فن آوری می‌تواند محیط زیست را نجات دهد؟

Can technology save the environment?

Direct object 'mohīt-e zīst'.

5

ما باید فن آوری‌های قدیمی را جایگزین کنیم.

We must replace old technologies.

Verb 'jāygozīn kardan'.

6

فن آوری دیجیتال یادگیری را جذاب‌تر کرده است.

Digital technology has made learning more attractive.

Comparative 'jazzāb-tar'.

7

او در زمینه فن آوری تخصص دارد.

He specializes in the field of technology.

Phrase 'dar zamīne-ye' (in the field of).

8

تاثیر فن آوری بر روابط انسانی چیست؟

What is the impact of technology on human relationships?

Noun 'ta'sīr' (impact).

1

انتقال فن آوری به کشورهای در حال توسعه ضروری است.

Technology transfer to developing countries is essential.

Compound noun 'enteghāl-e fan-āvarī'.

2

فن آوری‌های نوین باعث ایجاد مشاغل جدید شده‌اند.

Modern technologies have led to the creation of new jobs.

Verb 'bā'es shodan' (to cause).

3

باید بین سنت و فن آوری تعادل برقرار کنیم.

We must establish a balance between tradition and technology.

Noun 'ta'ādol' (balance).

4

سرمایه‌گذاری در فن آوری زیستی اولویت ماست.

Investing in biotechnology is our priority.

Gerund 'sarmāye-gozārī' (investing).

5

فن آوری فضایی به ما کمک می‌کند زمین را بهتر بشناسیم.

Space technology helps us understand the Earth better.

Subjunctive verb 'beshenāsīm'.

6

شکاف دیجیتال به معنای عدم دسترسی برابر به فن آوری است.

The digital divide means lack of equal access to technology.

Noun 'shekāf' (gap/divide).

7

پیشرفت فن آوری نباید به قیمت نابودی طبیعت باشد.

Technological progress should not be at the cost of destroying nature.

Phrase 'be gheymat-e' (at the cost of).

8

او مقاله‌ای درباره اخلاق در فن آوری نوشت.

He wrote an article about ethics in technology.

Preposition 'darbāre-ye'.

1

پارادایم‌های فن آوری در قرن بیست و یکم به شدت تغییر کرده‌اند.

Technological paradigms have changed drastically in the 21st century.

Academic loanword 'pārādāym'.

2

بومی‌سازی فن آوری یکی از اهداف استراتژیک دولت است.

Localization of technology is one of the government's strategic goals.

Noun 'būmī-sāzī' (localization).

3

فن آوری‌های برهم‌زننده ساختارهای سنتی بازار را به چالش می‌کشند.

Disruptive technologies challenge traditional market structures.

Active participle 'bar-ham-zanande' (disruptive).

4

تلفیق هنر و فن آوری دریچه‌های جدیدی به روی خلاقیت گشوده است.

The fusion of art and technology has opened new windows to creativity.

Noun 'talfīgh' (fusion/integration).

5

پیامدهای جامعه‌شناختی فن آوری باید به دقت بررسی شود.

The sociological consequences of technology must be carefully examined.

Adjective 'jāme'e-shenākhtī'.

6

حقوق مالکیت معنوی در حوزه فن آوری بسیار پیچیده است.

Intellectual property rights in the field of technology are very complex.

Legal phrase 'hoghūgh-e mālekiyat-e ma'navī'.

7

فن آوری به مثابه ابزاری برای قدرت سیاسی در صحنه بین‌الملل عمل می‌کند.

Technology acts as a tool for political power on the international stage.

Prepositional phrase 'be masābe-ye' (as/like).

8

آرمان‌شهرهای فن آوری‌محور اغلب با واقعیت‌های انسانی در تضاد هستند.

Technology-centered utopias are often in conflict with human realities.

Compound adjective 'fan-āvarī-mehvar'.

1

هستی‌شناسی فن آوری در عصر پسا‌مدرن نیازمند بازنگری بنیادین است.

The ontology of technology in the postmodern era requires a fundamental revision.

Philosophical term 'hastī-shenāsī'.

2

استیلای فن آوری بر زیست‌جهان انسان، نگرانی‌های عمیقی برانگیخته است.

The dominance of technology over the human lifeworld has raised deep concerns.

Formal noun 'estīlā' (dominance).

3

فن آوری نه صرفاً یک ابزار، بلکه یک شیوه بودن در جهان است.

Technology is not merely a tool, but a way of being in the world.

Adverbial phrase 'na serfan... balke' (not merely... but).

4

دیالکتیک میان نیازهای بشری و پیشران‌های فن آوری، تاریخ را رقم می‌زند.

The dialectic between human needs and technological drivers shapes history.

Formal noun 'pīshrān' (driver/propellant).

5

تقلیل مفاهیم انسانی به داده‌های فن آوری، بزرگترین چالش اخلاقی عصر ماست.

The reduction of human concepts to technological data is the greatest ethical challenge of our age.

Noun 'taghlīl' (reduction).

6

فن آوری‌های همگرا مرزهای میان فیزیک، زیست‌شناسی و دیجیتال را کمرنگ کرده‌اند.

Convergent technologies have blurred the boundaries between physics, biology, and digital.

Adjective 'hamgarā' (convergent).

7

در این جستار، به نقد رویکردهای تکنوکراتیک به فن آوری می‌پردازیم.

In this essay, we critique technocratic approaches to technology.

Verb 'pardākhtan be' (to address/engage in).

8

فن آوری در ساحت قدسی سنت، چه جایگاهی می‌تواند داشته باشد؟

What position can technology have within the sacred realm of tradition?

Formal noun 'sāhat' (realm/domain).

Common Collocations

فن آوری اطلاعات
توسعه فن آوری
فن آوری نوین
انتقال فن آوری
فن آوری هسته‌ای
فن آوری زیستی
پیشرفت فن آوری
فن آوری آموزشی
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