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Vocabulary
منسوخ کردن

C1 verb 7 min read

منسوخ کردن

mansukh kardan

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips منسوخ کردن in 30 Seconds

Explanation منسوخ کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'منسوخ کردن'. It's a very advanced word. However, you can think of it as a very strong way to say 'no more' for old things. Imagine you have a very old toy that nobody uses anymore. In a very fancy way, you could say that toy is 'mansūkh'. But for now, just focus on simple words like 'ghadīmī' (old) or 'tamām shodan' (to finish). You might see this word in a museum if they talk about old rules from a long time ago. Think of it like a 'game over' for a rule. It is a compound verb, meaning it has two parts. The first part 'mansūkh' is the idea, and 'kardan' is the action of making it happen. Just remember: it's for big things, not little things.

At the A2 level, you start to learn about rules and habits. 'منسوخ کردن' is a formal word used when a big rule or a common habit is stopped forever. For example, if a school decides that students don't have to wear uniforms anymore, they have 'mansūkh kard' that rule. It is much more formal than saying 'the rule changed'. You will see this word in simple news stories or in history books for students. It comes from an Arabic word that means to replace something. When you use it, you are showing that you know a more adult way to talk about changes in society. Remember to use 'rā' (را) after the thing you are abolishing, like: 'They abolished the rule' -> 'Ānhā qānūn rā mansūkh kardand'.

At the B1 level, you are moving into more abstract topics like technology and social issues. 'منسوخ کردن' becomes very useful here. You can use it to talk about how new inventions make old ones disappear. For example, 'Digital cameras made film cameras mansūkh.' It's a great word for essays about progress. You should also start noticing the difference between 'mansūkh kardan' (active: someone abolishes something) and 'mansūkh shodan' (passive: something becomes obsolete). This distinction is important for your grammar. If you are writing about history, this word helps you describe how old traditions were stopped by modern laws. It's a 'power word' that makes your Persian sound more professional and precise.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'منسوخ کردن' in formal debates and written assignments. It is the standard term for the 'repeal' of laws or 'abrogation' of treaties. You will encounter it frequently in Persian media when they discuss political reforms. For example, 'The parliament is looking to abolish the outdated tax law.' Here, the word 'mansūkh' suggests that the law is not just being changed, but is being completely removed because it no longer fits the modern world. You should also be aware of its collocations, like 'ghavānīn-e mansūkh' (obsolete laws) or 'sonnat-hā-ye mansūkh' (abolished traditions). Using this word correctly shows that you understand the nuances of Persian administrative and legal language.

At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'منسوخ کردن' with precision in academic and professional contexts. You should understand its historical and religious roots, particularly in the context of 'Naskh' (abrogation) in Islamic law, where later revelations supersede earlier ones. You will use this verb to discuss complex sociological shifts, the evolution of linguistic norms, or the dismantling of systemic structures. You should be able to distinguish it from similar verbs like 'laghv kardan' (to annul/cancel) or 'faskh kardan' (to terminate a contract). In C1 level Persian, 'mansūkh kardan' is not just about stopping something; it's about the authoritative declaration that something is no longer valid within a specific system of thought or law.

At the C2 level, you possess a near-native grasp of the philosophical implications of 'منسوخ کردن'. You can use it to analyze the 'abrogation' of grand narratives in literature or the 'obsolescence' of entire philosophical paradigms. You understand how the word functions in the 'Nāsikh and Mansūkh' scholarly tradition and can apply that logic to modern legal theory. Your usage will be flawless in terms of register, choosing this word over 'ابطال' (ibtāl) or 'فسخ' (faskh) to denote a specific type of systemic nullification. You might use it in a sentence like 'The ontological shifts of the 21st century have effectively abrogated the social contracts of the previous era.' At this level, the word is a tool for high-level synthesis and critique.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

منسوخ کردن in 30 Seconds

A formal verb used to abolish laws or traditions.
Commonly applied to technology that has become obsolete.
Derived from the Arabic root for 'abrogation' or 'copying'.
Essential for formal Persian in legal and academic contexts.

The Persian compound verb منسوخ کردن (mansūkh kardan) is a sophisticated, high-register term primarily used to describe the formal act of rendering something invalid, obsolete, or no longer in practice. Rooted in the Arabic 'nasakha' (to abrogate or copy over), it conveys a sense of finality and authority. In modern Persian, it is most frequently encountered in legal, academic, and technical contexts. When a government decides that a specific law is no longer applicable, they don't just 'stop' it; they mansūkh mikonand it. This implies a systemic removal rather than a simple cessation of activity. The word carries a heavy weight, suggesting that what was once a standard or a mandate has been officially superseded by a new order or has simply withered away due to the passage of time and the advent of superior alternatives.

Legal Context: In the realm of jurisprudence, this verb is the standard term for 'repealing' a statute. It describes the legislative process where a newer law explicitly or implicitly nullifies an older one. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity of a legal system.

مجلس تصمیم گرفت قوانین قدیمی مربوط به تجارت را منسوخ کند تا راه برای سرمایه‌گذاری باز شود.

Technological Context: When technology evolves, older systems become 'mansūkh'. For instance, the use of floppy disks was rendered obsolete by flash drives. Here, the verb describes a natural process of obsolescence driven by innovation.

Beyond laws and gadgets, the term extends to social customs and traditions. A practice like 'blood money' in some ancient cultures might be described as a custom that modern society has sought to mansūkh kardan. It is a word of progress, indicating that the old is being cleared away for the new. It is rarely used in casual conversation about small things; you wouldn't use it for throwing away a piece of trash. It is reserved for systems, rules, and long-standing traditions. Understanding this word is essential for anyone reading Persian newspapers, academic journals, or listening to political debates, as it frames the conversation around change and systemic reform.

پیشرفت تکنولوژی بسیاری از مشاغل سنتی را منسوخ کرده است.

Using منسوخ کردن correctly requires an understanding of its transitivity and formal tone. As a compound verb, it consists of the adjective mansūkh (abrogated/obsolete) and the auxiliary verb kardan (to do/make). In a sentence, the object being abolished usually precedes the verb and is often marked with the postposition 'rā' (را) if it is a specific entity.

Grammatical Structure: [Subject] + [Object] + را + [منسوخ کردن conjugation]. Example: دولت این قانون را منسوخ کرد (The government abolished this law).

ما باید عادت‌های غلط را در جامعه منسوخ کنیم.

In formal writing, you will often see this verb in the passive voice or as a noun phrase. For example, 'mansūkh-sāzi' (the act of making obsolete) or 'mansūkh-shodeh' (obsolete/abolished). When discussing historical changes, the past tense is most common. However, in policy proposals, the future or subjunctive forms are utilized to express a desire for change. It is important to note that the verb implies a deliberate action. If a law simply expires, we might use 'monghazī shodan' (to expire), but if it is actively struck down, 'mansūkh kardan' is the precise term.

دانشمندان تلاش می‌کنند فرضیه‌های نادرست قدیمی را منسوخ کنند.

Furthermore, the verb is often paired with adverbs of intensity or formality. For instance, 'به‌طور کامل منسوخ کردن' (to abolish completely) or 'رسماً منسوخ کردن' (to officially repeal). These additions reinforce the formal nature of the action. In academic writing, you might say 'This study seeks to mansūkh kardan the previous misconceptions regarding...' which elevates the tone of the argument significantly compared to using simpler verbs like 'rad kardan' (to reject).

You are unlikely to hear منسوخ کردن at a grocery store or in a casual chat about the weather. Instead, its natural habitat is the newsroom, the courtroom, and the university lecture hall. If you tune into a Persian-language news broadcast like BBC Persian, Iran International, or the IRIB news, you will hear this word during reports on parliamentary sessions or international treaty negotiations. It is the language of bureaucracy and high-level social commentary.

News Media: Hear it in headlines: 'The International Court abolished the previous sanctions.' (دادگاه بین‌المللی تحریم‌های قبلی را منسوخ کرد).

گزارشگر گفت که این سنت قدیمی بالاخره توسط دولت منسوخ شده است.

In universities, professors of history, law, or sociology use this term to describe the evolution of ideas. A history professor might discuss how the industrial revolution mansūkh kard the feudal system. A law professor will discuss the 'Nāsikh' (the abrogator) and the 'Mansūkh' (the abrogated) when analyzing the history of the Iranian Civil Code. It provides a technical vocabulary for discussing the 'killing off' of old structures.

استاد توضیح داد که چرا این نظریه علمی اکنون منسوخ شده است.

Finally, in the literary world, critics use the term to describe styles or genres that are no longer in vogue. A critic might write that a certain flowery style of prose has been mansūkh kard by the modern, minimalist movement. In all these contexts, the word signals a transition from an era of validity to an era of historical curiosity. It is the marker of a paradigm shift.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with منسوخ کردن is using it in a register that is too low. Using it to describe canceling a dinner date or deleting a photo on a phone would sound jarringly over-formal and incorrect. For those situations, 'lave kardan' (to cancel) or 'pāk kardan' (to delete) are appropriate. 'Mansūkh kardan' is for institutions and systems, not personal errands.

Confusion with 'Nasakh': Learners often confuse 'mansūkh' (abolished) with 'noskheh' (copy/prescription). While they share a root, they are used differently. Don't say you want to 'mansūkh' a doctor's note!

اشتباه: من قرار ملاقات را منسوخ کردم. (Wrong: I abolished the meeting.)

Another error is confusing the active and passive forms. Mansūkh kardan is 'to abolish' (active), while mansūkh shodan is 'to be abolished' or 'to become obsolete' (passive/inchoative). If you say 'the law abolished' (qānūn mansūkh kard), it implies the law abolished something else. If you mean the law itself is gone, you must use 'qānūn mansūkh shod'. This distinction is vital for accurate communication.

Lastly, learners sometimes use 'mansūkh kardan' when they mean 'to ban' (mamnū' kardan). While an abolished law might result in a ban, the two are not synonyms. Abolishing a law removes the rule; banning an activity makes it illegal. For instance, if you abolish a tax law, you are mansūkh kardan the tax, not 'banning' it. Precision in these legalistic terms is what separates a C1 speaker from a B1 speaker.

While منسوخ کردن is highly specific, there are several other verbs that occupy the same semantic space. Choosing the right one depends on the context and the level of formality required. Below are the most common alternatives and how they differ from our target word.

لغو کردن (Laghv Kardan): This is the most common word for 'to cancel' or 'to annul'. It is less formal than 'mansūkh kardan' and can be used for flights, meetings, or contracts as well as laws. It doesn't necessarily imply that the thing is 'outdated', just that it's being stopped.

پرواز به دلیل شرایط بد جوی لغو شد.

باطل کردن (Bātel Kardan): This means 'to void' or 'to invalidate'. It is often used for documents like passports, tickets, or votes. It implies that the item is no longer valid for use, often due to an error or expiration.

فسخ کردن (Faskh Kardan): A legal term specifically for 'terminating' or 'rescinding' a contract or an agreement. It is more narrow in scope than 'mansūkh kardan'.

In summary, while 'mansūkh kardan' implies a historical or systemic 'writing off' of a rule or practice, its counterparts focus more on the immediate cessation of validity. If you want to sound like a legal expert or a historian, 'mansūkh kardan' is your best friend. If you're just trying to say 'the deal is off', stick with 'laghv' or 'faskh'.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root 'n-s-kh' is the same one used for 'naskh' calligraphy. The idea is that the pen 'removes' the blankness of the paper by 'copying' letters onto it.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mænˈsuːx kəɹˈdæn/

US /mænˈsux kərˈdæn/

Primary stress is on the last syllable of 'kardan' (dán). Secondary stress on 'sūkh'.

Rhymes With

فسخ کردن (faskh kardan) مسخ کردن (maskh kardan) چرخ کردن (charkh kardan) سرخ کردن (sorkh kardan) مسوخ (mosūkh) رسوخ (rosūkh) شیوخ (shoyūkh) کاردان (kārdān)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
Confusing the vowel 'u' with 'o'. It should be a long 'u' (oo).
Stressing the first syllable instead of the last.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 8/5

High frequency in formal texts and news, but rare in simple stories.

Writing 9/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation and formal register.

Speaking 7/5

Easy to pronounce but hard to use naturally without sounding like a lawyer.

Listening 8/5

Common in news broadcasts; crucial for comprehension.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

قانون قدیمی کردن باطل تغییر

Learn Next

مصوبه آیین‌نامه فسخ ابلاغ اجرا

Advanced

استنساخ تنسخ مسخ نسخه

Grammar to Know

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

منسوخ + کردن = منسوخ کردن

Passive Construction with 'Shodan'

منسوخ + شدن = منسوخ شدن

Direct Object Marker 'Rā'

دولت قانون *را* منسوخ کرد.

Subjunctive Mood

باید این قانون را منسوخ *کنیم*.

Ezafe Construction for Adjectives

قانونِ منسوخ

Examples by Level

این قانون قدیمی است و باید آن را منسوخ کنیم.

This law is old and we must abolish it.

Simple compound verb structure.

آیا این بازی منسوخ شده است؟

Is this game obsolete?

Passive form: mansūkh shodan.

آنها سنت‌های قدیمی را منسوخ کردند.

They abolished the old traditions.

Past tense plural.

تکنولوژی جدید چیزهای قدیمی را منسوخ می‌کند.

New technology makes old things obsolete.

Present continuous sense.

ما نباید این قانون را منسوخ کنیم.

We should not abolish this law.

Negative form.

چرا این کلمه منسوخ شده است؟

Why has this word become obsolete?

Question with passive voice.

دولت می‌خواهد مالیات را منسوخ کند.

The government wants to abolish the tax.

Subjunctive after 'mikhāhad'.

این روش تدریس منسوخ است.

This teaching method is obsolete.

Using 'mansūkh' as an adjective.

قانون‌گذاران تصمیم گرفتند این ماده قانونی را منسوخ کنند.

The lawmakers decided to repeal this legal article.

Formal vocabulary: qānūn-gozārān.

بسیاری از آداب و رسوم قدیمی اکنون منسوخ شده‌اند.

Many old customs and traditions have now become obsolete.

Plural subject with plural verb.

استفاده از این دستگاه در کارخانه‌ها منسوخ شده است.

The use of this device in factories has become obsolete.

Present perfect passive.

او سعی کرد این ایده غلط را منسوخ کند.

He tried to make this wrong idea obsolete.

Past tense with 'sa'y kard'.

آیا دولت این جریمه را منسوخ کرده است؟

Has the government abolished this fine?

Present perfect question.

ما باید قوانین منسوخ را تغییر دهیم.

We must change the obsolete laws.

Adjectival use: qavānīn-e mansūkh.

این سبک معماری دیگر منسوخ شده است.

This architectural style is now obsolete.

Focus on 'digar' (anymore/now).

مدیر شرکت سیستم قدیمی را منسوخ کرد.

The company manager abolished the old system.

Simple past compound verb.

ظهور اینترنت بسیاری از روش‌های سنتی ارتباط را منسوخ کرده است.

The emergence of the internet has made many traditional communication methods obsolete.

Causal structure with 'zohūr' (emergence).

کشورها تلاش می‌کنند مجازات اعدام را منسوخ کنند.

Countries are trying to abolish the death penalty.

Formal subject: keshvar-hā.

این نظریه علمی پس از کشفیات جدید منسوخ شد.

This scientific theory became obsolete after new discoveries.

Passive past tense.

چرا برخی از کلمات در زبان منسوخ می‌شوند؟

Why do some words become obsolete in a language?

General truth in present tense.

دولت موظف است قوانین منسوخ را از کتاب قانون حذف کند.

The government is obliged to remove obsolete laws from the statute book.

Use of 'movazzaf' (obliged).

این قرارداد به دلیل تخلف یکی از طرفین منسوخ شد.

This contract was abolished due to a violation by one of the parties.

Reasoning with 'be dalīl-e'.

آنها می‌خواهند سیستم برده‌داری را در سراسر جهان منسوخ کنند.

They want to abolish slavery throughout the world.

Historical/Social context.

با آمدن خودرو، استفاده از اسب برای حمل و نقل منسوخ گردید.

With the arrival of the car, the use of horses for transportation became obsolete.

Formal passive: 'gardīd' instead of 'shod'.

مجلس با اکثریت آرا، قانون جنجالی را منسوخ کرد.

The parliament repealed the controversial law with a majority of votes.

Political terminology.

بسیاری از معاهدات بین‌المللی پس از جنگ منسوخ شدند.

Many international treaties became obsolete after the war.

Diplomatic context.

این آیین‌نامه اجرایی توسط دیوان عالی منسوخ گردید.

This executive regulation was abolished by the Supreme Court.

Legal passive voice.

تکنولوژی‌های نوین به سرعت مدل‌های تجاری قدیمی را منسوخ می‌کنند.

Modern technologies are rapidly making old business models obsolete.

Business context.

او در مقاله خود استدلال کرد که این تفکر باید منسوخ شود.

He argued in his article that this way of thinking should be abolished.

Indirect speech.

آیا ابطال یک مصوبه به معنای منسوخ کردن آن است؟

Does the invalidation of a resolution mean its abrogation?

Conceptual comparison.

اصلاحات اقتصادی باعث شد بسیاری از انحصارات دولتی منسوخ شوند.

Economic reforms caused many government monopolies to be abolished.

Economic context.

این زبان برنامه‌نویسی به دلیل عدم کارایی منسوخ شده است.

This programming language has become obsolete due to inefficiency.

Technical context.

در فقه اسلامی، مفهوم ناسخ و منسوخ برای درک تغییر احکام ضروری است.

In Islamic jurisprudence, the concept of the abrogator and the abrogated is essential for understanding the change of rulings.

Religious/Academic terminology.

تحولات ساختاری در جامعه، الگوهای رفتاری پیشین را منسوخ کرده است.

Structural transformations in society have made previous behavioral patterns obsolete.

Sociological high register.

نویسنده با ظرافت، سبک‌های ادبی کلاسیک را در اثر خود منسوخ می‌سازد.

The author delicately renders classical literary styles obsolete in his work.

Literary criticism.

عدم انطباق با واقعیت‌های موجود، این فرضیه را رسماً منسوخ کرد.

Lack of conformity with existing realities officially abolished this hypothesis.

Scientific discourse.

دولت‌های مدرن تلاش دارند تا قوانین تبعیض‌آمیز را به‌طور کامل منسوخ کنند.

Modern governments strive to completely abolish discriminatory laws.

Human rights context.

این سنت کهن با ورود مدرنیته به تدریج منسوخ گردید.

This ancient tradition gradually became obsolete with the arrival of modernity.

Historical narrative.

چگونه می‌توان یک پارادایم فکری ریشه‌دار را منسوخ کرد؟

How can one abolish a deeply rooted intellectual paradigm?

Philosophical inquiry.

منسوخ کردن این معاهده می‌تواند پیامدهای ژئوپلیتیک سنگینی داشته باشد.

Abolishing this treaty could have heavy geopolitical consequences.

Gerundial use as a subject.

واکاوی فرآیند منسوخ‌سازی هنجارهای اجتماعی نیازمند نگاهی چندبعدی است.

Analyzing the process of rendering social norms obsolete requires a multi-dimensional perspective.

Advanced noun formation (mansūkh-sāzī).

متن جدید به‌طور ضمنی تمامی مقررات مغایر پیشین را منسوخ می‌نماید.

The new text implicitly abrogates all previous conflicting regulations.

Formal verb: 'mī-namāyad'.

دیالکتیک تاریخ همواره در حال منسوخ کردن کهنه و برآوردن نو است.

The dialectic of history is always in the process of abolishing the old and bringing forth the new.

Hegelian philosophical tone.

این پژوهش به دنبال آن است که اعتبار نظریات منسوخ قرن نوزدهم را به چالش بکشد.

This research seeks to challenge the validity of obsolete 19th-century theories.

Academic research context.

در گذار از سنت به مدرنیته، بسیاری از ساختارهای قدرت منسوخ شدند.

In the transition from tradition to modernity, many power structures were abolished.

Political sociology.

آیا تکنولوژی می‌تواند مفهوم حریم خصوصی را منسوخ کند؟

Can technology make the concept of privacy obsolete?

Existential technology question.

منسوخ کردن نظام طبقاتی یکی از دستاوردهای مهم انقلاب بود.

Abolishing the class system was one of the important achievements of the revolution.

Historical political analysis.

او معتقد است که مرزهای جغرافیایی در دنیای دیجیتال منسوخ خواهند شد.

He believes that geographical borders will become obsolete in the digital world.

Future tense prediction.

Common Collocations

قانون را منسوخ کردن

سنت‌های منسوخ

نظریه منسوخ

رسماً منسوخ کردن

به‌طور کامل منسوخ کردن

منسوخ شدن تدریجی

قوانین منسوخ و متروک

منسوخ کردن امتیازات

سیستم منسوخ

منسوخ کردن عقاید

Common Phrases

منسوخ شده

— Something that is already obsolete or abolished.

این مدل گوشی منسوخ شده است.

در حکم منسوخ

— Something that is practically but not officially abolished.

این قانون در حکم منسوخ است.

ناسخ و منسوخ

— A pair referring to the abrogator and the abrogated.

او کتابی درباره ناسخ و منسوخ نوشت.

منسوخ دانستن

— To consider something as obsolete.

بسیاری این روش را منسوخ می‌دانند.

منسوخ‌سازی

— The process of making something obsolete.

منسوخ‌سازی برنامه‌ریزی شده در اقتصاد.

منسوخ گردیدن

— Formal version of 'to become obsolete'.

این آیین‌نامه منسوخ گردید.

باقی بر منسوخ

— Staying with an obsolete rule (rare/formal).

او همچنان باقی بر منسوخ است.

منسوخ الاثر

— Something whose effects have been abolished.

این حکم منسوخ الاثر است.

منسوخ کردن قرارداد

— To abolish a contract (usually 'faskh' is better).

آنها قرارداد را منسوخ کردند.

منسوخ کردن باطل

— To abolish what is false (literary).

حق آمد تا باطل را منسوخ کند.

Often Confused With

منسوخ کردن vs لغو کردن

Laghv is general 'cancel'; Mansukh is 'abolish/obsolete'.

منسوخ کردن vs باطل کردن

Batel is 'void/invalidate' (often for documents).

منسوخ کردن vs نسخ کردن

Nasakh is the root, often limited to religious/textual abrogation.

Idioms & Expressions

"مهر منسوخ بر چیزی زدن"

— To officially end something or mark it as finished/invalid.

دولت بر این طرح مهر منسوخ زد.

Formal/Literary

"به بوته فراموشی سپردن"

— To consign to the crucible of forgetfulness (often happens after something is mansūkh).

این قانون به بوته فراموشی سپرده شد.

Literary

"از رده خارج کردن"

— To take out of service/circulation (often used for tech/vehicles).

هواپیماهای قدیمی را از رده خارج کردند.

Technical

"ورق را برگرداندن"

— To turn the page (change the situation, often leading to old rules being abolished).

انقلاب ورق را برگرداند و قوانین را منسوخ کرد.

Informal/Neutral

"خط بطلان کشیدن"

— To draw a line of nullification over something.

او بر تمام فرضیات قبلی خط بطلان کشید.

Formal

"پنبه چیزی را زدن"

— To finish something off or dismiss it (informal).

او پنبه آن نظریه را زد و آن را منسوخ کرد.

Informal

"بساط چیزی را جمع کردن"

— To wrap up the business of something (to end it).

دولت بساط قاچاق را جمع کرد.

Neutral

"فاتحه چیزی را خواندن"

— To say a prayer for the dead (to signal something is finished/gone).

با این قانون جدید، فاتحه آن صنف خوانده شد.

Informal

"از سکه افتادن"

— To fall out of currency/fashion.

این سبک لباس دیگر از سکه افتاده است.

Literary

"رنگ باختن"

— To lose color/fade (to become less relevant).

این سنت‌ها در شهر رنگ باخته‌اند.

Literary

Easily Confused

منسوخ کردن vs نسخه

Same root (n-s-kh).

Noskheh means a copy, a version, or a prescription. Mansūkh means abolished.

این نسخه از کتاب منسوخ شده است. (This version of the book is obsolete.)

منسوخ کردن vs مسخ

Similar sound.

Maskh means metamorphosis or distortion (usually negative).

او حقیقت را مسخ کرد. (He distorted the truth.)

منسوخ کردن vs فسخ

Similar sound and legal context.

Faskh is specifically for terminating a contract. Mansūkh is for laws or customs.

او معامله را فسخ کرد. (He terminated the deal.)

منسوخ کردن vs مسوخ

Rare word, similar sound.

Mosūkh refers to the transmigration of souls into animals (theology).

اعتقاد به مسوخ در برخی ادیان.

منسوخ کردن vs منسوخ‌الاثر

Complex compound.

It specifically means 'having no effect because it was abolished'.

این بخشنامه منسوخ‌الاثر است.

Sentence Patterns

این [اسم] منسوخ است.

این تلفن منسوخ است.

آنها [اسم] را منسوخ کردند.

آنها قانون را منسوخ کردند.

[اسم] به دلیل [دلیل] منسوخ شد.

این روش به دلیل سختی منسوخ شد.

دولت قصد دارد [اسم] را منسوخ کند.

دولت قصد دارد مالیات را منسوخ کند.

فرآیند منسوخ شدن [اسم] طولانی بود.

فرآیند منسوخ شدن این سنت طولانی بود.

منسوخ‌سازی [اسم] پیامدهای زیادی دارد.

منسوخ‌سازی هنجارها پیامدهای زیادی دارد.

قوانین منسوخ باید بازنگری شوند.

با ظهور [اسم]، [اسم] منسوخ گردید.

با ظهور اینترنت، نامه‌نگاری منسوخ گردید.

Word Family

Nouns

نسخ Abrogation

منسوخ‌سازی The act of making obsolete

ناسخ Abrogator (the one who abolishes)

Verbs

منسوخ شدن To become obsolete/abolished

نسخ کردن To abrogate (often religious/legal)

Adjectives

منسوخ Obsolete/Abolished

نسخ‌شدنی Abrogatable

قانون

ابطال

لغو

تکنولوژی

سنت

How to Use It

frequency

High in formal writing; low in daily speech.

Common Mistakes

Using it for a canceled meeting. → جلسه لغو شد.
Mansūkh is for laws/systems, not short-term events.
Confusing it with 'noskheh' (prescription). → نسخه پزشک را گرفتم.
They share a root but 'mansūkh' is a verb/adjective for abolishing.
Saying 'qānūn mansūkh kard' when the law was abolished. → قانون منسوخ شد.
The law doesn't abolish itself; it is abolished (passive).
Using it for deleting a computer file. → فایل را پاک کردم.
Deleting a file is 'pāk kardan'; making a file format obsolete is 'mansūkh kardan'.
Pronouncing it as 'mansūk'. → منسوخ (mansūkh)
The 'kh' sound is essential for correct Persian pronunciation.

Tips

Register Check

Always use this word when writing formal letters or academic papers about change.

Active vs Passive

Use 'kardan' when there is an agent (e.g., the government) and 'shodan' when the thing just becomes old.

Root Recognition

Recognizing the 'n-s-kh' root will help you understand words like 'noskheh' (copy) and 'naskh' (abrogation).

Clarity

Don't confuse it with 'maskh' (distort). The 'n' in 'mansūkh' is very important.

Legal Writing

In legal Persian, 'mansūkh' is often paired with 'sarīh' (explicit) or 'zemnī' (implicit).

Historical Context

Use it to describe the transition from the Qajar era to the Pahlavi era in history essays.

The 'X' Stamp

Visualize an 'X' stamp every time you see the word 'mansūkh'.

News Keywords

When you hear 'Majles' (Parliament), listen for 'mansūkh' to know what laws are being debated.

Contextual Clues

If you see 'ghadīmī' (old) nearby, 'mansūkh' likely means obsolete.

Noun Forms

Learn 'mansūkh-sāzī' to talk about the 'process' of making things obsolete in sociology.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'MAN' who 'SUCKS' at his job, so he is 'ABOLISHED' from the company. MAN-SUKH.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant red 'X' stamp being slammed onto an old, dusty scroll of laws.

Word Web

Abolish Repeal Obsolete Law Tradition Technology Arabic root Formal

Challenge

Try to find three things in your room that are 'mansūkh' and explain why in Persian.

Word Origin

Borrowed from Arabic 'mansūkh', which is the passive participle of the verb 'nasakha' (نسخ).

Original meaning: The original Arabic meaning involves both 'copying' and 'abrogating' (removing one thing to put another in its place).

Semitic (root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) grammar.

Cultural Context

Be careful when using this word regarding religious practices, as suggesting a religious practice should be 'mansūkh' can be seen as controversial.

The word 'abolish' in English is strongly linked to slavery. In Persian, 'mansūkh kardan' is used for slavery, but also for very mundane things like an old software version.

The doctrine of Naskh in the Quran. Reforms of Reza Shah Pahlavi (abolishing old customs). Modern Iranian Civil Code (Article 12-13 discusses repeal).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Legal Reform

منسوخ کردن مجازات
لغو و منسوخ کردن
قوانین متعارض
اصلاحیه

Technology

از رده خارج شدن
تکنولوژی منسوخ
جایگزینی سیستم
بروزرسانی

History

سنت‌های کهن
تغییرات ساختاری
دوران گذار
میراث

Science

نظریه رد شده
پارادایم جدید
شواهد تجربی
ابطال‌پذیری

Language

واژگان مهجور
تغییرات زبانی
گویش‌های در حال مرگ
فرهنگ لغت

Conversation Starters

"به نظر شما کدام قانون در کشور شما باید منسوخ شود؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید کتاب‌های کاغذی روزی منسوخ خواهند شد؟"

"کدام سنت قدیمی در خانواده شما منسوخ شده است؟"

"آیا تکنولوژی همیشه چیزهای خوب را منسوخ می‌کند؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم عادت‌های بد اجتماعی را منسوخ کنیم؟"

Journal Prompts

درباره تکنولوژی‌ای بنویسید که در زمان کودکی شما وجود داشت اما اکنون منسوخ شده است.

اگر می‌توانستید یک قانون جهانی را منسوخ کنید، آن کدام بود و چرا؟

تأثیر مدرنیته بر منسوخ شدن هنرهای سنتی در ایران را بررسی کنید.

آیا مفاهیمی مثل 'حریم خصوصی' در آینده منسوخ خواهند شد؟

تجربه خود را از یادگیری کلماتی که در زبان مادری‌تان منسوخ شده‌اند بنویسید.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No. A prescription is 'noskheh'. To cancel it, you would use 'lave kardan' or 'bātel kardan'. 'Mansūkh kardan' is for big systems.

Laghv is 'cancel' (like a flight). Mansūkh is 'abolish' (like a law). Mansūkh implies it's gone forever because it's old.

Yes, it is the passive participle of the Arabic verb 'nasakha', but it is fully integrated into Persian grammar.

Yes, you can say a style is 'mansūkh shodeh' (obsolete), but it sounds very formal. 'Az mod oftādeh' (out of fashion) is more common.

It's a scholarly term where 'Nāsikh' is the new rule that replaces the 'Mansūkh' (the old rule).

In Persian: 'In qānūn mansūkh shod.' (این قانون منسوخ شد).

Absolutely. It's the standard word for 'obsolete' hardware or software in technical manuals.

Not usually. You might say someone's *ideas* are mansūkh, but the person themselves cannot be abolished in this sense.

Yes, you will hear it almost every day if you listen to political or legal news in Persian.

'Vaz' kardan' (to enact) or 'tasvīb kardan' (to approve) are the most common opposites.