This page in your language

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

Home
Learn
Persian
Vocabulary
رکود یافتن

B2 verb 6 min read

رکود یافتن

rokood yaftan

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips رکود یافتن in 30 Seconds

Explanation رکود یافتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'رکود یافتن' (rokud yāftan) is considered very advanced and you don't need to use it in daily life. However, you can understand it as a way to say 'the market is very quiet' or 'no business is happening'. Imagine a shop with no customers; that is the beginning of 'rokud'. At this level, just remember that 'rokud' means 'no movement' in an economy. You won't use the verb 'yaftan' yet, as it's a formal way to say 'become'. Think of it as 'The economy is sleeping'.

For A2 learners, you might start seeing this word in simple news headlines. It's important to recognize that 'yaftan' (to find) here doesn't mean finding a lost object. Instead, it's a formal way to say a situation has started. If you see 'Market rokud yaft', it means 'The market became slow'. You can compare it to simple words like 'slow' (kand) or 'stopped' (motovaghef). You still don't need to use it in your own speaking, but recognizing it in a newspaper is a great goal.

At the B1 level, you should understand that 'رکود یافتن' is a formal verb used for economic stagnation. You should be able to distinguish it from 'rokud dashtan' (to have/be in stagnation). You might use it in a structured essay about your country's economy. You should know that it's a compound verb where 'yaftan' is conjugated. For example, 'Eghtesad rokud yaft' (The economy stagnated). It's a step up from 'bad shodan' (becoming bad) and shows you are moving toward professional Persian.

At B2, this is a core vocabulary word for discussing current events, economics, and social issues. You should use 'رکود یافتن' instead of simpler verbs when writing formal reports or giving presentations. You must understand its intransitive nature (it doesn't take an object) and be able to use it in various tenses, including the future ('rokud khahad yaft') and the present perfect ('rokud yafteh ast'). You should also be aware of its collocations, like 'rokud-e eghtesadi' (economic recession).

C1 learners should use 'رکود یافتن' with precision and nuance. You should be able to discuss the causes and effects of stagnation using this verb in complex sentences with subordinate clauses. You should also recognize its metaphorical uses in literature or high-level sociopolitical analysis. At this level, you should also know related terms like 'rokud-e tavaromi' (stagflation) and be able to contrast 'rokud yaftan' with its antonyms like 'shokufo shodan' (to bloom/prosper) or 'ronagh gereftan'.

At the C2 level, 'رکود یافتن' is a tool for professional-grade analysis. You should understand the stylistic choice of using 'yaftan' over 'shodan' or 'dashtan' to convey a specific formal tone. You can use it in academic papers, legal contexts, or high-level economic policy discussions. You should be familiar with the historical contexts of the word and be able to use it to describe subtle shifts in market dynamics. Your usage should be indistinguishable from a native economist or journalist.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

رکود یافتن in 30 Seconds

Formal verb for economic stagnation.
Used in news, business, and academic writing.
Describes a stop in growth or activity.
Compound verb: 'Rokud' + 'Yaftan'.

The Persian verb رکود یافتن (rokud yāftan) is a sophisticated compound verb primarily used in formal, academic, and journalistic contexts. It describes the process of a system—most commonly an economy, a market, or a specific industry—entering a state of stagnation, inactivity, or recession. While the noun رکود (rokud) translates to 'stagnation' or 'recession', the addition of the auxiliary verb یافتن (yaftan), which literally means 'to find', elevates the expression to a more formal register, suggesting a transition into that state.

Economic Context: This is the primary domain for this word. When economists discuss a decline in GDP or a halt in industrial growth, they use this term to describe the downturn. It implies a lack of movement, much like a stagnant pool of water.

پس از بحران جهانی، بسیاری از بازارهای نوظهور رکود یافتند.
(After the global crisis, many emerging markets entered a period of stagnation.)

Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at its roots. The word رکود comes from the Arabic root R-K-D, which relates to being still or stationary. In Persian, when we say something 'finds stagnation' (رکود یافتن), we are describing a phenomenon where the momentum of growth has ceased. It is less common in daily casual speech, where one might simply say 'everything stopped' (همه چیز متوقف شد), but in a news broadcast about the housing market, رکود یافتن is the standard choice.

Metaphorical Usage: While 90% of its use is economic, it can occasionally describe intellectual or cultural periods where no new ideas are being produced. For example, a literary movement might be described as having 'found stagnation'.

صنعت گردشگری در طول همه‌گیری به شدت رکود یافت.
(The tourism industry stagnated severely during the pandemic.)

In terms of social register, using this word correctly signals a high level of Persian proficiency. It shows that the speaker is comfortable with 'Ketabi' (written/formal) Persian. If you are writing a report for a business meeting or an academic paper on sociology, this is the exact verb you need to describe a lack of progress.

Comparison with 'Rokud Dashtan': 'Rokud dashtan' describes the state (to be in a recession), while 'Rokud yaftan' describes the transition or the event of falling into that state (to become stagnant).

Using رکود یافتن requires an understanding of compound verb conjugation in Persian. The word رکود remains stationary, while the verb یافتن changes according to tense, person, and number. Because this verb is formal, it is rarely used in the informal 'Tehrani' spoken style (where 'yaftan' might become 'yoftan'), as the word itself is too academic for casual chat.

اگر نرخ بهره افزایش یابد، بازار مسکن رکود خواهد یافت.
(If interest rates increase, the housing market will stagnate.)

Tense Construction: Past: رکود یافت (It stagnated). Present: رکود می‌یابد (It stagnates). Future: رکود خواهد یافت (It will stagnate). Present Perfect: رکود یافته است (It has stagnated).

One important grammatical aspect is that رکود یافتن is an intransitive verb. It does not take a direct object (Maf'ul). You cannot 'stagnate something' using this verb; rather, something 'stagnates' on its own or as a result of external factors. If you want to say 'to make something stagnant,' you would use a causative construction like به رکود کشاندن.

اقتصاد کشور به دلیل تحریم‌ها رکود یافته است.
(The country's economy has stagnated due to sanctions.)

In academic writing, you will often find this verb paired with adverbs of degree. Common pairings include به‌شدت (severely), به‌تدریج (gradually), or ناگهان (suddenly). These adverbs typically precede the entire compound verb.

Common Subjects: The most common subjects are: اقتصاد (economy), بازار (market), تولید (production), تجارت (trade), and فعالیت‌های هنری (artistic activities).

You are most likely to encounter رکود یافتن in professional and intellectual environments. It is a staple of the 'News Persian' dialect used by broadcasters on channels like IRINN or BBC Persian. If you are listening to a podcast about global affairs or reading the 'Eghtesad' (Economy) section of a newspaper like 'Donya-e-Eqtesad', this word will appear frequently.

گزارش‌ها نشان می‌دهند که صادرات نفت در سال گذشته رکود یافته است.
(Reports show that oil exports stagnated last year.)

In a university setting, specifically within the faculties of Economics, Political Science, or Sociology, professors use this term to describe historical periods. For instance, a lecture on the post-war era might discuss how certain industries رکود یافتند. It conveys a sense of objective analysis rather than emotional complaint.

News Headlines: Headlines often use the shortened infinitive or the past participle. Example: 'دلایل رکود یافتن بازار سرمایه' (Reasons for the stagnation of the capital market).

Interestingly, you might also hear this in high-level business meetings. A CEO might tell the board of directors that unless they innovate, their sales will رکود یابد. It sounds much more professional than saying 'our sales will stop' or 'we won't sell anything'. It frames the problem as a structural economic issue.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing رکود یافتن with رکود کردن. While 'kardan' is the most common auxiliary in Persian, it is almost never paired with 'rokud'. Using 'rokud kardan' sounds unnatural and 'uneducated' to a native speaker's ear. Always stick to 'yaftan' or 'dashtan'.

اشتباه: بازار مسکن ~~رکود کرد~~.
درست: بازار مسکن رکود یافت.

Transitivity Error: Do not use this verb with an object. You cannot say 'The government stagnated the economy' using 'rokud yaftan'. You must say 'The economy stagnated because of the government'.

Another mistake is using this word for personal laziness. If you want to say 'I have become lazy' or 'my progress in learning Persian has stopped', رکود یافتن is too heavy and formal. It would be like saying 'My personal development has entered a fiscal recession' in English. Instead, use متوقف شدن (to be stopped) or درجا زدن (to march in place/make no progress).

Persian has several words to describe stagnation or decline, each with a specific nuance. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about money, physics, or general progress.

رکود یافتن vs. کساد شدن: Kasād shodan specifically refers to a 'dull market' or a lack of customers. It is often used by shopkeepers. Rokud yaftan is more systemic and macroeconomic.
رکود یافتن vs. متوقف شدن: Motovaghef shodan means 'to stop' completely. Stagnation (rokud) implies a lack of growth or sluggishness, but not necessarily a total halt of all activity.

بازار در ایام عید کساد شد، اما اقتصاد کلان هنوز رکود نیافته است.
(The market became dull during the holidays, but the macroeconomy hasn't stagnated yet.)

Other alternatives include ایستا شدن (to become static) and بی‌تحرک ماندن (to remain motionless). ایستا is used more in scientific or technical contexts, while بی‌تحرک is general. رکود یافتن remains the king of the financial pages.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In classical Persian poetry, 'rokud' was often used to describe water that doesn't flow (stagnant water), which was considered unhealthy. Today, it's used for 'unhealthy' economies.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ro.kuːd jɒːf.tæn/

US /roʊ.kuːd jæf.tæn/

The stress is on the last syllable of 'rokud' and the last syllable of the conjugated form of 'yaftan'.

Rhymes With

فرود (forud) سرود (sorud) حدود (hodud) وجود (vojud) بافت (baft) تاخت (takht) ساخت (sakht) پرداخت (pardakht)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'rokud' as 'rakad'.
Using a hard English 'r' instead of the Persian tapped 'r'.
Confusing the 'u' sound in 'rokud' with a short 'o'.
Stress on the first syllable of 'yaftan'.
Pronouncing 'yaftan' as 'yaftun' in formal settings.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal vocabulary and compound verbs.

Writing 4/5

Must use the correct auxiliary and avoid 'kardan'.

Speaking 5/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

Listening 3/5

Common in news, so easy to recognize once learned.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

اقتصاد بازار یافتن شدن تولید

Learn Next

تورم رونق بهره سرمایه تحریم

Advanced

رکود تورمی تراز تجاری تولید ناخالص داخلی

Grammar to Know

Compound Verb Conjugation

رکود می‌یابم، رکود می‌یابی، رکود می‌یابد...

Intransitive Verbs

The verb does not take 'ra' (را).

Formal vs Informal Auxiliaries

Yaftan (Formal) vs. Shodan/Peida Kardan (Informal).

Future Tense with Khahad

رکود خواهد یافت.

Negative Prefix 'na-'

رکود نمی‌یابد.

Examples by Level

بازار رکود یافت.

The market stagnated.

Simple past tense.

اقتصاد رکود می‌یابد.

The economy stagnates.

Present simple.

آیا بازار رکود یافت؟

Did the market stagnate?

Question form.

تولید رکود یافت.

Production stagnated.

Subject + Verb.

فروش رکود یافت.

Sales stagnated.

Noun + Verb.

بازار مسکن رکود یافت.

The housing market stagnated.

Compound subject.

کارها رکود یافتند.

Jobs/Tasks stagnated.

Plural subject.

امروز بازار رکود یافت.

Today the market stagnated.

Adverb of time.

به دلیل جنگ، تجارت رکود یافت.

Due to war, trade stagnated.

Using 'be dalil-e' (due to).

بسیاری از شرکت‌ها رکود یافتند.

Many companies stagnated.

Plural agreement.

اقتصاد جهانی ناگهان رکود یافت.

The global economy suddenly stagnated.

Use of adverb 'nagahan'.

چرا بازار رکود یافته است؟

Why has the market stagnated?

Present perfect.

صنعت گردشگری در زمستان رکود می‌یابد.

The tourism industry stagnates in winter.

Habitual present.

تولید گندم در این منطقه رکود یافت.

Wheat production in this region stagnated.

Specific subject.

قیمت‌ها بالا رفت و بازار رکود یافت.

Prices went up and the market stagnated.

Compound sentence.

او گفت که بازار رکود یافته است.

He said that the market has stagnated.

Indirect speech.

اگر سرمایه‌گذاری نشود، پروژه‌ها رکود خواهند یافت.

If investment isn't made, projects will stagnate.

Conditional type 1.

پس از تغییر قانون، صادرات به شدت رکود یافت.

After the law change, exports stagnated severely.

Adverbial phrase.

اقتصاد کشور پس از ده سال رشد، رکود یافت.

The country's economy stagnated after ten years of growth.

Temporal phrase.

محققان نگران هستند که فرهنگ جامعه رکود یابد.

Researchers are worried that the society's culture might stagnate.

Subjunctive mood.

با افزایش مالیات، فعالیت‌های تجاری رکود یافتند.

With the tax increase, business activities stagnated.

Cause and effect.

رکود یافتن بازار مسکن باعث کاهش قیمت‌ها شد.

The stagnation of the housing market caused prices to drop.

Gerund usage.

دولت سعی دارد مانع رکود یافتن اقتصاد شود.

The government is trying to prevent the economy from stagnating.

Infinitive as object.

بخش کشاورزی به دلیل خشکسالی رکود یافته است.

The agricultural sector has stagnated due to drought.

Present perfect.

تحلیلگران پیش‌بینی می‌کنند که بازار بورس به زودی رکود یابد.

Analysts predict that the stock market will soon stagnate.

Formal prediction.

عدم نوآوری باعث شد که صنعت خودرو در این کشور رکود یابد.

Lack of innovation caused the auto industry in this country to stagnate.

Complex subject.

رکود یافتن بخش خدمات تأثیر منفی بر اشتغال داشت.

The stagnation of the service sector had a negative impact on employment.

Economic terminology.

در دوره‌های بحران مالی، معمولاً بازارهای مالی رکود می‌یابند.

During periods of financial crisis, financial markets usually stagnate.

General truth.

سیاست‌های غلط پولی منجر به رکود یافتن تولید داخلی شد.

Wrong monetary policies led to the stagnation of domestic production.

Prepositional phrase 'monjar be'.

او در مقاله‌اش به دلایل رکود یافتن هنر در قرن بیستم پرداخت.

In his article, he addressed the reasons for the stagnation of art in the 20th century.

Academic context.

تداوم تحریم‌ها باعث شده است که بسیاری از صنایع کوچک رکود یابند.

Continued sanctions have caused many small industries to stagnate.

Resultative clause.

انتظار می‌رود که با اجرای طرح جدید، بازار از رکود یافتن خارج شود.

It is expected that with the implementation of the new plan, the market will exit stagnation.

Passive construction.

ساختارهای سنتی مانع از پویایی شده و در نهایت سیستم رکود یافت.

Traditional structures prevented dynamism and ultimately the system stagnated.

Sophisticated vocabulary.

رکود یافتن جریان نقدینگی می‌تواند به ورشکستگی بانک‌ها منجر شود.

The stagnation of liquidity flow can lead to bank bankruptcies.

Abstract concept.

پدیده رکود یافتن در اقتصادهای توسعه‌یافته موضوعی پیچیده است.

The phenomenon of stagnation in developed economies is a complex subject.

Noun phrase as subject.

اگرچه تقاضا بالاست، اما به دلیل کمبود منابع، عرضه رکود یافته است.

Although demand is high, due to resource shortages, supply has stagnated.

Concessive clause.

بررسی‌های تاریخی نشان می‌دهد که تمدن‌ها پس از اوج، رکود می‌یافتند.

Historical studies show that civilizations used to stagnate after their peak.

Imperfect past.

سرمایه‌گذاران از رکود یافتن طولانی‌مدت در بازار انرژی بیم دارند.

Investors fear a long-term stagnation in the energy market.

Formal verb 'bim dashtan'.

تغییرات اقلیمی باعث شده است که بهره‌وری زمین‌های زراعی رکود یابد.

Climate change has caused the productivity of agricultural lands to stagnate.

Scientific context.

در غیاب رقابت سالم، بازارهای انحصاری به سرعت رکود می‌یابند.

In the absence of healthy competition, monopoly markets quickly stagnate.

Conditional logic.

تعاملات دیپلماتیک میان دو کشور به شکلی بی‌سابقه رکود یافته است.

Diplomatic interactions between the two countries have stagnated in an unprecedented way.

High-level political usage.

رکود یافتن فرآیندهای دموکراتیک زنگ خطری برای جامعه مدنی است.

The stagnation of democratic processes is an alarm bell for civil society.

Metaphorical/Political.

نظریه‌پردازان معتقدند که روح خلاقیت در عصر دیجیتال رکود یافته است.

Theorists believe that the spirit of creativity has stagnated in the digital age.

Philosophical context.

تحلیل ساختاری نشان می‌دهد که چرا برخی مناطق جغرافیایی رکود یافته‌اند.

Structural analysis shows why certain geographical regions have stagnated.

Academic research style.

رکود یافتن در تله درآمد متوسط، چالشی بزرگ برای کشورهای در حال توسعه است.

Stagnating in the middle-income trap is a major challenge for developing countries.

Specific economic concept.

عدم توازن در تراز تجاری موجب شد که رشد اقتصادی رکود یابد.

Imbalance in the trade balance caused economic growth to stagnate.

Precise economic terminology.

این مقاله به تبیین پارادایم‌هایی می‌پردازد که در آن سیستم‌های پیچیده رکود می‌یابند.

This article explains the paradigms in which complex systems stagnate.

Advanced academic syntax.

چشم‌اندازهای آتی نشان‌دهنده آن است که بازار کار ممکن است رکود یابد.

Future outlooks indicate that the labor market may stagnate.

Professional forecasting.

Common Collocations

رکود اقتصادی

رکود شدید

رکود تورمی

رکود جهانی

دوره رکود

خروج از رکود

رکود نسبی

عوامل رکود

رکود طولانی‌مدت

رکود بازار

Common Phrases

دچار رکود شدن

— To be afflicted by stagnation.

بسیاری از صنایع دچار رکود شدند.

در وضعیت رکود

— In a state of stagnation.

اقتصاد در وضعیت رکود قرار دارد.

علائم رکود

— Signs of recession.

علائم رکود در بازار دیده می‌شود.

عمق رکود

— The depth of the recession.

عمق رکود بسیار زیاد است.

رکود بی‌سابقه

— Unprecedented stagnation.

کشور با یک رکود بی‌سابقه روبروست.

پایان رکود

— The end of stagnation.

همه منتظر پایان رکود هستند.

رکود در تولید

— Stagnation in production.

رکود در تولید باعث بیکاری شد.

رکود و تورم

— Stagnation and inflation.

ترکیب رکود و تورم کشنده است.

سایه رکود

— The shadow of recession.

سایه رکود بر سر اقتصاد سنگینی می‌کند.

شکستن رکود

— To break the stagnation.

باید برای شکستن رکود تلاش کرد.

Often Confused With

رکود یافتن vs رکوع یافتن

Confusing 'rokud' (stagnation) with 'roku' (bowing in prayer).

رکود یافتن vs رکورد یافتن

Confusing 'rokud' with the English loanword 'rekord' (record/achievement).

رکود یافتن vs رکود کردن

Grammatically incorrect usage of the auxiliary 'kardan'.

Idioms & Expressions

"آب از آسیاب افتادن"

— When things calm down or stop happening (can imply stagnation).

بعد از جنجال، آب از آسیاب افتاد.

Informal

"درجا زدن"

— To march in place; to make no progress despite trying.

شرکت ما دو سال است که درجا می‌زند.

Informal

"کاسه چه کنم دست گرفتن"

— To be helpless in a bad situation (like a recession).

با این رکود، همه کاسه چه کنم دست گرفته‌اند.

Slang

"خاک مرده پاشیدن"

— To sprinkle dead man's dust (to make a place silent and stagnant).

انگار در این شهر خاک مرده پاشیده‌اند.

Literary/Informal

"چراغ خاموش حرکت کردن"

— To move with the lights off (to be inactive or hidden).

بازار مدتی است چراغ خاموش حرکت می‌کند.

Informal

"دست روی دست گذاشتن"

— To sit idly and do nothing while things stagnate.

نباید دست روی دست بگذاریم تا اقتصاد رکود یابد.

Neutral

"به گل نشستن"

— To run aground (like a ship); to fail or stop moving.

پروژه بزرگ ما به گل نشست.

Informal

"از نفس افتادن"

— To run out of breath; to lose momentum.

رشد اقتصادی از نفس افتاده است.

Literary

"در لاک خود فرو رفتن"

— To retreat into one's shell (inactivity).

بخش خصوصی در لاک خود فرو رفته است.

Neutral

"کفه ترازو سنگین شدن"

— When the scale tips (can refer to the heavy side of stagnation).

کفه رکود سنگین‌تر از رونق شده است.

Neutral

Easily Confused

رکود یافتن vs راکد

It is the adjective form.

'Rokud yaftan' is the action; 'raked' is the state of being stagnant.

آب راکد است.

رکود یافتن vs کساد

Both mean slow business.

'Kasād' is for markets/shops; 'Rokud' is for the whole economy.

بازار کساد است.

رکود یافتن vs توقف

Both mean stopping.

'Tavaghof' is a complete stop; 'Rokud' is a slow-down or stagnation.

ماشین توقف کرد.

رکود یافتن vs سقوط

Both are bad for economy.

'Soghoot' is a crash/fall; 'Rokud' is staying flat and not moving.

قیمت سهام سقوط کرد.

رکود یافتن vs بحران

Both are economic problems.

'Bohran' is a crisis/turning point; 'Rokud' is the period of stagnation that follows.

کشور در بحران است.

Sentence Patterns

[Subject] رکود یافت.

بازار رکود یافت.

به دلیل [Reason]، [Subject] رکود یافت.

به دلیل سرما، بازار رکود یافت.

اگر [Condition]، [Subject] رکود می‌یابد.

اگر پول نباشد، بازار رکود می‌یابد.

[Subject] به شدت رکود یافته است.

تولید به شدت رکود یافته است.

علیرغم [Obstacle]، [Subject] رکود یافت.

علیرغم تلاش‌ها، تجارت رکود یافت.

رکود یافتنِ [Noun] منجر به [Result] شد.

رکود یافتنِ بازار منجر به بیکاری شد.

فرآیند رکود یافتن در [Context] پیچیده است.

فرآیند رکود یافتن در سیستم‌های مالی پیچیده است.

انتظار می‌رود [Subject] رکود یابد.

انتظار می‌رود صادرات رکود یابد.

Word Family

Nouns

رکود (stagnation)

راکد (stagnant/static person or thing)

یافته (finding/discovery)

Verbs

یافتن (to find)

بازیابی کردن (to recover)

دریافت کردن (to receive)

Adjectives

راکد (stagnant)

رکودزده (recession-hit)

تورم (inflation)

کسادی (dullness of market)

بحران (crisis)

تحریم (sanction)

رونق (boom/prosperity)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in specialized media, rare in street speech.

Common Mistakes

بازار رکود کرد. → بازار رکود یافت.
'Kardan' is not the correct auxiliary for 'rokud'.
من در درسم رکود یافتم. → درسم متوقف شده است.
'Rokud yaftan' is for systems, not usually for personal study progress.
اقتصاد را رکود یافتیم. → اقتصاد رکود یافت.
This verb is intransitive; it doesn't take an object.
رکود یافتنِ تورم. → کاهش یافتنِ تورم.
Inflation doesn't 'stagnate'; it either increases or decreases.
رکود یافتنِ ماشین. → خراب شدنِ ماشین.
A car doesn't 'stagnate'; it breaks down or stops.

Tips

Auxiliary Choice

Always use 'yaftan' for formal writing. Avoid 'kardan' at all costs with this noun.

News Reading

When reading Persian news, look for 'rokud' in the first paragraph of economic reports.

Pairing

Pair it with 'eghtesadi' (economic) to be specific: رکود اقتصادی.

Vowel Sound

Make sure the 'u' in 'rokud' is long like 'boot', not short like 'book'.

Essay Writing

Use 'رکود یافتن' to describe the transition into a recession in your Persian essays.

Bazaar Talk

In the Bazaar, people might say 'market is sleep' (بازار خوابیده), which is the informal version of 'rokud'.

Root Connection

The root R-K-D is also in 'raked' (stagnant water). Think of a stagnant pond.

Global Issues

Use it to discuss global events like the 2008 financial crisis.

Professionalism

Using this word correctly in a business meeting will impress your Persian colleagues.

Adverb Placement

Adverbs like 'severely' (به‌شدت) usually go before the whole verb phrase.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Road' (Ro-) that is 'Cold' (-kud). When a road is cold and icy, cars stop moving. They 'find' (yaftan) a state of 'Road-Cold' (Rokud).

Visual Association

Imagine a giant factory with rusty gears and a 'Closed' sign. The gears are 'Rokud' and the owner 'found' (yaftan) it this way.

Word Web

Economy Recession Stop Formal Market Stagnant Yaftan No Growth

Challenge

Try to write three sentences about why a library might 'rokud yabad' (stagnate) in the age of the internet.

Word Origin

The word 'rokud' is derived from the Arabic root R-K-D (ر ك د), which means to be still, calm, or stationary. 'Yaftan' is an ancient Persian (Pahlavi) verb 'yāftan' meaning to obtain or find.

Original meaning: To find a state of stillness.

Arabic (loanword noun) + Indo-European (Persian auxiliary verb).

Cultural Context

It is a neutral, professional term. No sensitivities.

Similar to the word 'recession' in English-speaking countries, but 'rokud' specifically emphasizes the 'stagnation' aspect (lack of movement) more than just 'negative growth'.

Used in the 5-year development plans of Iran. Common in the speeches of the Central Bank governors. Title of many economic analysis books like 'Rokud-e Bozorg' (The Great Depression).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Economic News

بحران مالی
کاهش رشد
نرخ بیکاری
سقوط سهام

Academic Writing

تحلیل ساختاری
داده‌های آماری
فرضیه تحقیق
نتایج بررسی

Business Meetings

استراتژی فروش
کاهش هزینه‌ها
رقابت در بازار
پیش‌بینی سود

History Lessons

دوران باستان
انقلاب صنعتی
سقوط پادشاهی
بازسازی

Social Analysis

تغییرات فرهنگی
نسل جوان
ارزش‌های جامعه
پویایی

Conversation Starters

"به نظر شما چرا بازار مسکن در سال‌های اخیر رکود یافته است؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید تکنولوژی می‌تواند مانع رکود یافتن صنایع سنتی شود؟"

"در زمان رکود یافتن اقتصاد، بهترین استراتژی برای یک شرکت چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توان از رکود یافتن فعالیت‌های هنری در یک جامعه جلوگیری کرد؟"

"آیا کشور شما در حال حاضر با خطر رکود یافتن روبرو است؟"

Journal Prompts

تأثیرات رکود یافتن اقتصاد بر زندگی روزمره مردم را توصیف کنید.

اگر شما وزیر اقتصاد بودید، برای خارج کردن کشور از رکود چه می‌کردید؟

رابطه بین رکود یافتن بازار و افزایش مهاجرت را تحلیل کنید.

آیا رکود یافتن همیشه بد است یا می‌تواند فرصتی برای بازنگری باشد؟

یک گزارش کوتاه درباره رکود یافتن صنعت گردشگری بنویسید.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Usually no. It is for systems like economies. For a person, use 'درجا زدن' (making no progress) or 'متوقف شدن' (stopping).

Yes. 'Rokud dashtan' (to have stagnation) is neutral. 'Rokud yaftan' (to find/enter stagnation) is formal and journalistic.

The most common opposite is 'رونق گرفتن' (to gain prosperity/boom) or 'شکوفا شدن' (to bloom).

The noun is 'رکود' (rokud). The phrase 'رکود اقتصادی' specifically means economic recession.

No, native speakers do not say 'rokud kardan'. It sounds like a grammar mistake.

Literally yes, but in compound verbs it acts as a formal auxiliary meaning 'to undergo' or 'to become'.

No, that is a different word: 'roku' (bowing). They sound similar but are spelled differently.

The noun is ancient Arabic, but its use as an economic term in Persian grew in the early 20th century.

If your progress has stopped, you can say 'پیشرفتم دچار رکود شده است' (My progress has suffered stagnation), but 'رکود یافتن' is a bit too formal for this.

رکود نخواهد یافت (It will not stagnate).