तन in 30 Seconds
- Means 'body' but is more poetic and spiritual than 'sharir'.
- Always a masculine noun (e.g., mera tan, not meri tan).
- Famously paired with 'man' (mind) to mean 'body and mind'.
- Used in songs, yoga, and literature, not for medical diagnoses.
स्वस्थ तन में ही स्वस्थ मन का निवास होता है। (A healthy mind resides only in a healthy body.)
- Holistic Wellness
- Used to describe the body as a temple or a vessel that requires care beyond just medical treatment.
यह तन माटी का पुतला है। (This body is but an effigy of clay.)
- Literary Context
- Found in classical literature, modern poetry, and Bollywood lyrics to express deep physical and emotional yearning.
उसने देश के लिए अपना तन, मन और धन सब अर्पण कर दिया। (He sacrificed his body, mind, and wealth for the country.)
- Sacrifice and Dedication
- The ultimate expression of giving everything one has to a cause, deity, or nation.
योग से तन को ऊर्जा मिलती है। (Yoga gives energy to the body.)
थका हुआ तन आराम मांगता है। (A tired body demands rest.)
उसका तन पसीने से भीग गया। (His body got drenched in sweat.)
- Grammar Rule: Masculine Noun
- Always use masculine possessive pronouns (मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका) and masculine verb endings (रहा है, गया) with 'tan'.
भक्ति में तन की सुध-बुध खो जाती है। (In devotion, one loses the awareness of the body.)
- Compound Words
- Tan is highly productive in creating compound words that express holistic concepts, deeply rooted in Indian philosophy.
गुस्से से उसका तन-बदन जलने लगा। (His whole body started burning with anger.)
- Metaphorical Usage
- Often used to describe intense emotional states that manifest physically, such as anger, passion, or exhaustion.
भगवान की सेवा में अपना तन लगाओ। (Engage your body in the service of God.)
निर्मल तन और शुद्ध मन जीवन का आधार हैं। (A pure body and a pure mind are the foundation of life.)
गोरे तन से सरकता जाए। (It keeps slipping from the fair body - a common poetic trope.)
- Bollywood Music
- Used extensively to describe physical beauty, romantic longing, or the intoxicating effect of love on the physical form.
ध्यान से तन के सारे रोग दूर होते हैं। (Meditation cures all diseases of the body.)
- Yoga and Ayurveda
- In wellness contexts, 'tan' refers to the physical vessel that requires balancing of doshas (energies) through diet and exercise.
मेरा तन मंदिर है, और आत्मा भगवान। (My body is a temple, and the soul is God.)
- Patriotic Discourse
- Used to invoke a sense of total surrender and physical sacrifice for the motherland.
सैनिकों ने मातृभूमि के लिए अपना तन न्योछावर कर दिया। (The soldiers sacrificed their bodies for the motherland.)
यह खबर सुनकर मेरे तन-बदन में आग लग गई। (Hearing this news, my whole body caught fire with rage.)
❌ डॉक्टर, मेरे तन का तापमान अधिक है।
✅ डॉक्टर, मेरे शरीर का तापमान अधिक है। (Doctor, my body temperature is high.)
- Contextual Mismatch
- Avoid using 'tan' for medical diagnoses, scientific descriptions, or mundane physical complaints.
❌ उसकी तन बहुत कमज़ोर है।
✅ उसका तन बहुत कमज़ोर है। (His/her body is very weak.)
- Gender Errors
- Always ensure that adjectives and verbs modifying 'tan' are in the masculine form.
❌ उसने अपने स्तन को ढक लिया। (Incorrect if you meant body)
✅ उसने अपने तन को ढक लिया। (He/she covered their body.)
- Pronunciation Pitfalls
- Ensure the 't' is the soft, unaspirated dental 't' of Hindi, not the hard alveolar 't' of English, to sound natural.
❌ जानवरों का तन अलग होता है।
✅ जानवरों का शरीर अलग होता है। (Animals' bodies are different.)
❌ वह तन से मोटा है।
✅ वह शरीर से मोटा है। (He is physically fat - 'tan' is rarely used for objective physical descriptions like fat/thin.)
मानव शरीर में 206 हड्डियां होती हैं। (The human body has 206 bones - 'tan' cannot be used here.)
- शरीर (Sharir)
- The most common, neutral, and clinical word for body. Safe to use in any standard context.
आत्मा अमर है, केवल देह नष्ट होती है। (The soul is immortal, only the body is destroyed.)
- देह (Deh)
- Formal, philosophical, often used in the context of mortality and the soul's temporary residence.
प्यार रूह से होता है, जिस्म से नहीं। (Love happens with the soul, not the body.)
- जिस्म (Jism)
- Urdu origin, emphasizes flesh, sensuality, and romance. Very common in modern songs and poetry.
बुखार से मेरा बदन तप रहा है। (My body is burning with fever.)
उसकी काया बहुत आकर्षक है। (Her physical form/body is very attractive.)
How Formal Is It?
Difficulty Rating
Grammar to Know
Masculine Noun Agreement: Adjectives and verbs must end in -a (singular) or -e (plural/oblique) when modifying 'tan'.
Postpositions: When 'tan' is followed by a postposition (mein, par, se), it remains 'tan' (oblique form is the same as direct).
Compound Nouns: 'Tan' frequently forms dvandva (copulative) compounds like 'tan-man', which take plural verb agreement if treated as a pair.
Possessive Pronouns: Always use 'mera', 'tumhara', 'uska', 'apna' with 'tan'.
Abstract vs Concrete: While 'tan' is concrete, it is often used in abstract contexts, affecting the choice of verbs (e.g., 'tan jalna' vs 'tan dhona').
Examples by Level
यह मेरा तन है।
This is my body.
Simple identification using the masculine possessive 'mera'.
तन को साफ रखो।
Keep the body clean.
Using the postposition 'ko' for the direct object.
मेरा तन थक गया है।
My body is tired.
Masculine verb agreement 'gaya hai'.
स्वस्थ तन बहुत ज़रूरी है।
A healthy body is very important.
Adjective 'swasth' modifying the noun.
तन और मन दोनों अच्छे हैं।
Both body and mind are good.
Pairing 'tan' with 'man', a common A1 vocabulary chunk.
उसके तन पर कपड़े हैं।
There are clothes on his/her body.
Using the locative postposition 'par' (on).
तन में दर्द है।
There is pain in the body.
Using the locative postposition 'mein' (in).
यह तन सुंदर है।
This body is beautiful.
Simple descriptive sentence.
रोज़ नहाने से तन साफ रहता है।
Bathing daily keeps the body clean.
Expressing habitual action with 'rahta hai'.
बुखार के कारण मेरा तन गर्म है।
Due to fever, my body is hot.
Using 'ke karan' (due to) to express cause.
कसरत करने से तन मज़बूत होता है।
Exercising makes the body strong.
Expressing general truths with 'hota hai'.
उसके तन-बदन में दर्द हो रहा है।
His/her whole body is aching.
Using the compound word 'tan-badan' for emphasis.
ठंड से मेरा तन कांप रहा था।
My body was shivering from the cold.
Past continuous tense with masculine agreement.
अच्छे भोजन से तन को ताकत मिलती है।
Good food gives strength to the body.
Using 'ko' to indicate the receiver of strength.
उसने अपने तन पर तेल लगाया।
He applied oil on his body.
Simple past tense with the postposition 'par'.
योग तन और मन को शांत करता है।
Yoga calms the body and mind.
Using 'tan aur man' as a compound object.
आयुर्वेद में तन के तीनों दोषों का संतुलन ज़रूरी है।
In Ayurveda, the balance of the three doshas of the body is essential.
Complex sentence structure discussing traditional concepts.
उसने देश की सेवा में अपना तन, मन और धन लगा दिया।
He dedicated his body, mind, and wealth to the service of the country.
Using the classic triad 'tan, man, dhan'.
जब मन दुखी होता है, तो तन भी बीमार पड़ जाता है।
When the mind is sad, the body also falls ill.
Conditional sentence showing the mind-body connection.
यह सुनकर उसके तन-बदन में आग लग गई।
Hearing this, his whole body caught fire (he became furious).
Using a common B1 idiom for extreme anger.
कठोर परिश्रम से उसका तन सोने जैसा निखर गया।
Through hard work, his body glowed like gold.
Using a simile ('sone jaisa') with 'tan'.
ध्यान करने से तन की सारी थकान मिट जाती है।
By meditating, all the tiredness of the body is erased.
Using a passive-like construction 'mit jaati hai'.
व्रत रखने से तन की शुद्धि होती है।
Fasting purifies the body.
Discussing cultural practices using formal vocabulary ('shuddhi').
गीत के बोल सुनकर मेरा तन झूमने लगा।
Hearing the lyrics of the song, my body started swaying.
Using the verb 'lagna' to show the beginning of an action.
कवियों ने प्रेमिका के तन की तुलना गुलाब से की है।
Poets have compared the lover's body to a rose.
Using 'ki tulna... se ki hai' (compared to).
आध्यात्मिक मार्ग पर चलने वाले तन के मोह को त्याग देते हैं।
Those walking the spiritual path renounce the attachment to the body.
Advanced vocabulary: 'moh' (attachment) and 'tyag dena' (to renounce).
यह तन नश्वर है, केवल आत्मा अजर-अमर है।
This body is mortal, only the soul is immortal.
Contrasting 'tan' with 'atma' using formal adjectives.
उसकी बातों ने मेरे तन-मन में एक नई ऊर्जा का संचार किया।
His words infused a new energy into my body and mind.
Formal phrasing 'urja ka sanchar kiya'.
भयंकर सर्दी में बिना कपड़ों के उसका तन ठिठुर रहा था।
In the severe cold, without clothes, his body was freezing.
Descriptive past continuous with vivid verbs ('thithur').
भारतीय दर्शन में तन को एक साधन मात्र माना गया है।
In Indian philosophy, the body is considered merely an instrument.
Passive voice construction 'mana gaya hai'.
उसने अपने तन की परवाह किए बिना आग में छलांग लगा दी।
Without caring for his body, he jumped into the fire.
Using 'ki parvah kiye bina' (without caring for).
संगीत की धुन पर उसका तन थिरकने को मजबूर हो गया।
To the tune of the music, his body was compelled to dance.
Advanced verb 'thirakna' (to dance/sway gracefully).
कबीरदास जी कहते हैं कि यह तन माटी का पुतला है, जो अंततः मिट्टी में ही मिल जाएगा।
Kabirdas says that this body is an effigy of clay, which will ultimately merge into the soil.
Quoting classical literature and using complex relative clauses.
उपवास केवल तन को ही नहीं, अपितु आत्मा को भी परिष्कृत करने की एक प्राचीन विधा है।
Fasting is an ancient technique to refine not only the body but also the soul.
Using 'keval... hi nahi, apitu...' (not only... but also).
आधुनिक जीवनशैली ने मनुष्य के तन और मन के बीच की स्वाभाविक लय को भंग कर दिया है।
The modern lifestyle has disrupted the natural rhythm between man's body and mind.
Highly formal vocabulary ('swabhavik lay', 'bhang karna').
शृंगार रस की कविताओं में नायिका के तन का नख-शिख वर्णन एक सामान्य साहित्यिक परंपरा है।
In romantic poetry, the head-to-toe description of the heroine's body is a common literary tradition.
Literary terminology ('shringar ras', 'nakh-shikh varnan').
सांसारिक सुखों की प्राप्ति के लिए तन को कष्ट देना भारतीय वैराग्य का एक अभिन्न अंग रहा है।
Subjecting the body to hardship to transcend worldly pleasures has been an integral part of Indian asceticism.
Complex gerund phrase acting as the subject.
जब तक तन में प्राण हैं, तब तक मनुष्य को अपने कर्मों का निर्वहन पूरी निष्ठा से करना चाहिए।
As long as there is life in the body, a human must discharge their duties with complete devotion.
Using 'jab tak... tab tak' correlative conjunctions.
योग दर्शन के अनुसार, तन ब्रह्मांड का एक सूक्ष्म रूप है।
According to Yoga philosophy, the body is a microcosm of the universe.
Philosophical phrasing ('sukshma roop').
विरह की अग्नि में जलते हुए उसका तन क्षीण हो गया।
Burning in the fire of separation, her body became emaciated.
Poetic participle phrase ('jalte hue') and formal adjective ('kshin').
तुलसीदास रचित रामचरितमानस में देह और तन के मध्य के सूक्ष्म तात्विक भेद को अत्यंत मार्मिक ढंग से उकेरा गया है।
In the Ramcharitmanas composed by Tulsidas, the subtle elemental difference between 'deh' and 'tan' has been depicted very poignantly.
Extremely formal, academic literary analysis structure.
वेदांत के परिप्रेक्ष्य में, यह तन पंचमहाभूतों का एक अस्थायी समुच्चय मात्र है, जिस पर अहंकार का आवरण चढ़ा होता है।
In the perspective of Vedanta, this body is merely a temporary aggregate of the five great elements, covered by the veil of ego.
Deeply philosophical vocabulary ('panchmahabhoot', 'samuchchay', 'aavaran').
सूफी काव्य में तन को एक पिंजरे के रूप में कल्पित किया गया है, जिसमें रूह रूपी पक्षी परवाज़ भरने को आतुर रहता है।
In Sufi poetry, the body is conceptualized as a cage, in which the bird-like soul is eager to take flight.
Cross-cultural literary analysis using metaphors ('roopi').
आधिभौतिक और आध्यात्मिक तापों से संतप्त तन अंततः उसी निर्गुण ब्रह्म में विलीन हो जाता है जहाँ से उसकी उत्पत्ति हुई थी।
The body, tormented by physical and spiritual agonies, ultimately merges into the same formless Brahman from whence it originated.
Highly advanced theological vocabulary ('aadhibhautik', 'nirgun brahman').
महाकाव्यों में शूरवीरों के क्षत-विक्षत तन का वर्णन केवल वीभत्स रस का संचार नहीं करता, अपितु उनके अदम्य साहस का प्रशस्ति गान भी है।
In epics, the description of the mutilated bodies of warriors does not merely evoke the sentiment of disgust, but is also a eulogy of their indomitable courage.
Literary criticism syntax ('vibhatsa ras', 'prashasti gaan').
आयुर्वेदिक संहिताओं में तन की व्याधियों का मूल कारण प्रज्ञापराध को माना गया है, जो मन और शरीर के द्वैत को नकारता है।
In Ayurvedic treatises, the root cause of bodily ailments is considered to be 'crimes against wisdom', which negates the duality of mind and body.
Technical traditional medicine terminology ('pragyaparadh', 'dvait').
निर्गुण संतों ने तन की नश्वरता का उद्घोष करते हुए समाज को भौतिकवाद की निद्रा से झकझोरने का भगीरथ प्रयास किया।
The formless saints, proclaiming the mortality of the body, made a Herculean effort to shake society from the slumber of materialism.
Advanced idioms ('bhagirath prayas') and formal verbs ('udghosh karna').
जब चेतना का ऊर्ध्वगमन होता है, तो तन की स्थूलता तिरोहित हो जाती है और साधक एक चिन्मय अवस्था को प्राप्त कर लेता है।
When consciousness ascends, the grossness of the body vanishes, and the seeker attains a state of pure consciousness.
Mystical and esoteric vocabulary ('urdhvagaman', 'sthoolta', 'chinmay').
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
Idioms & Expressions
Easily Confused
Sentence Patterns
How to Use It
Carries a holistic, sometimes spiritual undertone. It respects the body as a vessel.
Moderate to High. It is polite and slightly literary.
Very high in media, music, and literature. High in spoken Hindi regarding wellness. Low in clinical contexts.
- Using 'tan' for animal bodies (e.g., 'Kutte ka tan'). Always use 'sharir' for animals.
- Treating 'tan' as a feminine noun (e.g., 'Meri tan'). It is strictly masculine.
- Using 'tan' in clinical medical situations (e.g., 'Doctor, mere tan ka operation kijiye').
- Pronouncing it with a hard English 'T' instead of the soft dental Hindi 'त'.
- Confusing the pronunciation with 'stan' (breast), which can lead to awkward misunderstandings.
Tips
Always Masculine
Never forget that 'tan' is masculine. Practice saying 'mera tan' (my body) out loud several times to build muscle memory. If you use feminine agreement, native speakers will instantly know you are a learner.
Not for the Doctor
Avoid using 'tan' in medical contexts. If you have a stomach ache, say 'pait mein dard hai'. If your whole body aches, 'badan dard' or 'sharir mein dard' is better than 'tan mein dard'.
The Power Pair
Always learn 'tan' alongside 'man' (mind). The phrase 'tan-man' is used exponentially more often than 'tan' alone in philosophical or wellness contexts. It's a great chunk of vocabulary to memorize.
Soft T is Key
Focus on the soft dental 't' (त). If you pronounce it with a hard English 't' (ट), it changes the word completely and sounds like the English word 'ton' (weight), which will confuse listeners.
Spiritual Context
When visiting a temple or an ashram, using 'tan' shows respect for the culture. It shows you understand that the body is viewed as a sacred vessel in Indian traditions.
Expressing Anger
Want to sound like a native when you're mad? Use 'mere tan-badan mein aag lag gayi' (my body caught fire). It's dramatic, expressive, and very commonly used in India.
Bollywood Practice
Search for classic Bollywood songs with the word 'tan' in the lyrics. Listening to how singers draw out the word will help you understand its emotional and romantic weight.
Elevate Your Essays
If you are taking a Hindi exam and need to write an essay on health, sports, or yoga, using 'tan' instead of 'sharir' will impress the examiner and demonstrate a higher level of vocabulary.
Tan vs Jism
Be careful with synonyms. Use 'tan' for purity, spirituality, and holistic health. Use 'jism' when discussing physical attraction or in romantic Urdu poetry. Mixing them up can change the tone awkwardly.
Learn the Triad
Memorize 'tan, man, dhan' (body, mind, wealth). It is a culturally significant phrase used to describe charity, patriotism, or devotion. Using it correctly shows deep cultural fluency.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of getting a TAN on your BODY at the beach. TAN = BODY.
Word Origin
Sanskrit
Cultural Context
Never use 'tan' when referring to animal bodies or meat. It is strictly for human bodies and carries a sense of dignity.
Using 'tan' is highly polite and respectful. It avoids the sometimes clinical bluntness of 'sharir' or the sensual undertones of 'jism'.
Understood universally across all Hindi-speaking regions, though in highly Urdu-influenced areas, 'jism' or 'badan' might be preferred in casual speech.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Conversation Starters
"क्या आप मानते हैं कि स्वस्थ तन के लिए स्वस्थ मन ज़रूरी है? (Do you believe a healthy mind is necessary for a healthy body?)"
"योग आपके तन और मन को कैसे प्रभावित करता है? (How does yoga affect your body and mind?)"
"आजकल लोग अपने तन की सुंदरता पर ज़्यादा ध्यान क्यों देते हैं? (Why do people focus more on the beauty of their bodies nowadays?)"
"क्या आपने वह गाना सुना है जिसमें 'तन' शब्द का बहुत सुंदर उपयोग हुआ है? (Have you heard that song where the word 'tan' is used very beautifully?)"
"आयुर्वेद के अनुसार तन को स्वस्थ रखने के क्या उपाय हैं? (According to Ayurveda, what are the ways to keep the body healthy?)"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time when your 'tan' and 'man' felt perfectly in sync.
Write about your daily routine to keep your 'tan' healthy.
Analyze a Hindi song lyric that uses the word 'tan'. What does it mean in that context?
Do you think modern society cares too much about the 'tan' and not enough about the 'man'?
Write a short poem in Hindi using the words 'tan', 'man', and 'atma'.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsIt is not recommended. While the doctor will understand you, 'tan' sounds too poetic or dramatic for a clinical setting. It is much better to use 'sharir' (शरीर) or specific body parts when describing medical symptoms. Save 'tan' for discussions about yoga, wellness, or feelings.
The word 'tan' is strictly masculine in Hindi. You must always use masculine adjectives and verbs with it. For example, say 'mera tan' (my body), not 'meri tan'. This is a common mistake for beginners because many abstract nouns are feminine, but 'tan' is an exception.
'Tan-man' is a very common compound phrase that translates to 'body and mind'. It is used to describe doing something wholeheartedly or to refer to one's complete well-being. For example, 'tan-man se kaam karna' means to work with complete dedication of body and mind.
Both mean 'body', but their connotations are different. 'Tan' is of Sanskrit origin and has a spiritual, holistic, or pure connotation. 'Jism' is of Arabic/Urdu origin and often carries a more sensual, physical, or romantic connotation. You would use 'tan' in a temple and 'jism' in a romantic poem.
No, 'tan' is almost exclusively reserved for human bodies. Using it for animals sounds very strange to a native speaker because 'tan' implies a human soul or consciousness residing within. For animals, always use 'sharir' (शरीर).
The 't' in 'tan' is a soft, dental 't' (त). You make this sound by pressing your tongue against the back of your upper teeth, similar to the 'th' in the English word 'with', but without the breathiness. Do not use the hard, alveolar English 't' sound.
This is a very popular idiom that literally translates to 'fire catching in the whole body'. Metaphorically, it means to become extremely furious, enraged, or intensely jealous. It is often used in daily soap operas or dramatic storytelling.
Yes, but usually in specific contexts like talking about tiredness, wellness, or in common phrases like 'tan-badan'. For a simple, neutral statement like 'He has a big body', people are more likely to use 'sharir' or 'badan'. 'Tan' elevates the language slightly.
Lyricists prefer 'tan' because it is a short, single-syllable word that is easy to rhyme (with man, dhan, pan, etc.). It also carries a romantic and poetic weight that fits perfectly with the emotional themes of Bollywood music, sounding much better than the clinical 'sharir'.
This is a classic triad meaning 'body, mind, and wealth'. It is used to express total sacrifice or complete dedication to a cause. For example, dedicating oneself to the country with 'tan, man, dhan' means giving absolutely everything you have.
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Summary
Use 'tan' when you want to sound poetic, discuss holistic health, or talk about the mind-body connection. Stick to 'sharir' for biology or medical issues. Remember it is always masculine!
- Means 'body' but is more poetic and spiritual than 'sharir'.
- Always a masculine noun (e.g., mera tan, not meri tan).
- Famously paired with 'man' (mind) to mean 'body and mind'.
- Used in songs, yoga, and literature, not for medical diagnoses.
Always Masculine
Never forget that 'tan' is masculine. Practice saying 'mera tan' (my body) out loud several times to build muscle memory. If you use feminine agreement, native speakers will instantly know you are a learner.
Not for the Doctor
Avoid using 'tan' in medical contexts. If you have a stomach ache, say 'pait mein dard hai'. If your whole body aches, 'badan dard' or 'sharir mein dard' is better than 'tan mein dard'.
The Power Pair
Always learn 'tan' alongside 'man' (mind). The phrase 'tan-man' is used exponentially more often than 'tan' alone in philosophical or wellness contexts. It's a great chunk of vocabulary to memorize.
Soft T is Key
Focus on the soft dental 't' (त). If you pronounce it with a hard English 't' (ट), it changes the word completely and sounds like the English word 'ton' (weight), which will confuse listeners.
Example
तन और मन।
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More body words
चेहरा
A1The front part of the human head from the forehead to the chin, including the eyes, nose, and mouth. It is the primary part of the body used for identification and expressing emotions.
हड्डी
A1A hard part of the internal skeleton of a human or animal. It refers to the calcified structures that provide support and protection to the body.
खून
A1Khoon refers to the red fluid that circulates in the bodies of humans and animals. It is also the most common word used to mean 'murder' or 'killing' in both legal and everyday Hindi contexts.
दांत
A1A tooth is a hard, white structure found in the mouth used for chewing and biting food. It is also important for clear speech and maintaining the structure of the face.
शरीर
A1The word refers to the physical structure of a human or animal, encompassing the bones, flesh, and organs. It is a fundamental term used in contexts ranging from basic health and biology to spiritual discussions about the physical vessel of the soul.
जीभ
A1The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth used for tasting, licking, swallowing, and articulating speech. In Hindi, it is a feminine noun and is essential for both the sense of taste and the physical act of communication.
कंधा
A1The joint connecting the arm with the torso in the human body. It is often used figuratively to represent the capacity to bear burdens or responsibilities.
छाती
A1The chest area of the human body located between the neck and the abdomen. It refers to both the anatomical structure housing the heart and lungs and is also used metaphorically to represent courage or emotions.
अंग
A1The word 'अंग' primarily refers to a part of the physical body or a limb. It is also frequently used in a broader sense to mean a component, member, or constituent part of a larger system or organization.
हृदय
A1Hridaya refers to the physical heart as an organ in the body. It also metaphorically represents the center of emotions, kindness, and the soul in literary or formal Hindi.
