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A2 verb 12 min read

ख़रीदना

kharidna
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips ख़रीदना in 30 Seconds
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

ख़रीदना in 30 Seconds

  • To buy goods or services.
  • Hindi verb: ख़रीदना (kharīdnā).
  • Used in all shopping contexts.
  • Essential for daily transactions.

Understanding 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) - To Buy

The Hindi verb 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) is a fundamental word that translates directly to 'to buy' in English. It's used in everyday situations whenever a transaction takes place where one person gives money in exchange for goods or services. This is one of the most common verbs you'll encounter when learning Hindi, as shopping and commerce are integral parts of any society.

Core Meaning
To acquire something in exchange for payment.
Common Usage Scenarios
You'll use 'ख़रीदना' when you are at a market, a shop, an online store, or even when discussing future purchases. It applies to buying anything from a small item like a pen to a large asset like a house or a car. It can also refer to buying intangible things like time or an experience, though this is less common at the A2 level.
Examples in Context
'मैं बाज़ार से सब्ज़ियाँ ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।' (Main bāzār se sabziyāṁ kharīdnā chāhtā hūṁ.) - 'I want to buy vegetables from the market.' This is a very typical use case. 'क्या आपने यह किताब ख़रीदी?' (Kyā āpne yah kitāb kharīdī?) - 'Did you buy this book?' This shows the past tense usage. 'हमें एक नई गाड़ी ख़रीदनी है।' (Hameṁ ek naī gāṛī kharīdnī hai.) - 'We have to buy a new car.' This expresses a necessity or plan.

Remember that 'ख़रीदना' is a verb, indicating an action. When you ख़रीदना something, you are performing the act of purchasing.

The verb conjugates based on the subject (who is buying) and the tense (when the buying is happening). For example, 'मैं ख़रीदता हूँ' (main kharīdtā hūṁ) means 'I buy' (masculine), and 'मैं ख़रीदती हूँ' (main kharīdtī hūṁ) means 'I buy' (feminine). The infinitive form 'ख़रीदना' is often used with modal verbs like 'चाहना' (chāhnā - to want) or 'सकना' (saknā - to be able to).

Understanding the nuances of when and how to use 'ख़रीदना' will significantly improve your ability to engage in basic conversations in Hindi, especially when dealing with transactions and daily activities.

The act of ख़रीदना is a universal human activity, making this verb incredibly useful for any Hindi learner.

Grammatical Note
'ख़रीदना' is an intransitive verb in its infinitive form, but when used in a sentence, it often takes a direct object (the item being bought).

Mastering 'ख़रीदना' is a key step towards fluency, enabling you to participate in everyday transactions and express your needs and desires related to shopping.

Constructing Sentences with 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā)

Using 'ख़रीदना' correctly in sentences involves understanding its conjugation and placement within a sentence structure. Hindi sentence structure typically follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). Let's explore various ways to incorporate this verb into your Hindi vocabulary.

Basic Present Tense (Habitual/Simple Present)
In the simple present, the verb ending changes based on the gender and number of the subject. For example, 'मैं' (main - I) will use 'ख़रीदता हूँ' (kharīdtā hūṁ) if the speaker is male, and 'ख़रीदती हूँ' (kharīdtī hūṁ) if the speaker is female. 'वह' (vah - he/she) follows a similar pattern: 'वह ख़रीदता है' (vah kharīdtā hai - he buys) or 'वह ख़रीदती है' (vah kharīdtī hai - she buys).

Example: 'मैं हर हफ़्ते बाज़ार से फल ख़रीदता हूँ।' (Main har hafte bāzār se phal kharīdtā hūṁ.) - 'I buy fruits from the market every week.'

Present Continuous Tense
To express an action happening right now, we use the continuous form. The verb stem 'ख़रीद' (kharīd) is combined with '-रहा है' (-rahā hai) for masculine singular subjects, '-रही है' (-rahī hai) for feminine singular subjects, '-रहे हैं' (-rahe haiṁ) for plural subjects (or respectful singular).

Example: 'वह अभी ऑनलाइन कपड़े ख़रीद रहा है।' (Vah abhī online kapṛe kharīd rahā hai.) - 'He is buying clothes online right now.' Note that 'रहा' agrees with 'वह' (masculine).

Past Tense
The past tense is formed using 'ख़रीदा' (kharīdā) followed by the appropriate auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb agrees with the object if the object is definite and marked with 'को' (ko), or with the subject if the object is indefinite or not marked with 'को'. However, for transitive verbs like 'ख़रीदना' in the past tense, the subject often takes the postposition 'ने' (ne), and the verb agrees with the object in gender and number.

Example: 'मैंने एक नई किताब ख़रीदी।' (Mainne ek naī kitāb kharīdī.) - 'I bought a new book.' Here, 'ख़रीदी' agrees with 'किताब' (kitāb - book), which is feminine.

Future Tense
The future tense is formed using the infinitive 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) with the future auxiliary verbs 'हूँगा' (hūṁgā), 'होगी' (hogī), 'हूँगा' (hūṁgā), 'होंगे' (hoṁge), etc., which agree with the subject.

Example: 'हम कल एक नया फ़ोन ख़रीदेंगे।' (Ham kal ek nayā fon kharīdeṁge.) - 'We will buy a new phone tomorrow.' Here, 'ख़रीदेंगे' agrees with 'हम' (ham - we).

Using 'ख़रीदना' with modal verbs like 'चाहना' (to want), 'सकना' (to be able to), 'पड़ना' (to have to), or 'जाना' (to go, to be about to) opens up even more possibilities for expressing complex ideas related to purchasing.

Example with 'चाहना': 'मुझे एक अच्छी घड़ी ख़रीदनी है।' (Mujhe ek acchī ghaṛī kharīdnī hai.) - 'I want to buy a good watch.' (Literally: To me a good watch is to buy.)

By practicing these different sentence structures, you'll become more comfortable and proficient in using 'ख़रीदना' in your Hindi conversations.

Real-World Scenarios for 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā)

You'll hear 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) constantly in Hindi-speaking environments. Its ubiquity stems from the fundamental human need and desire to acquire goods and services. Let's explore the most common places and situations where this verb is used.

Markets and Shops
This is the most obvious place. Whether you're in a bustling street market (बाज़ार - bāzār), a small local store (दुकान - dukān), or a large shopping mall, you'll hear people discussing what they want to buy, what they have bought, or the prices of items. Shopkeepers will often ask, 'आप क्या ख़रीदना चाहते हैं?' (Āp kyā kharīdnā chāhte haiṁ?) - 'What do you want to buy?'

In a grocery store: 'मुझे सब्ज़ियाँ ख़रीदनी हैं।' (Mujhe sabziyāṁ kharīdnī haiṁ.) - 'I have to buy vegetables.'

Online Shopping
With the rise of e-commerce, discussions about buying online are very common. People talk about adding items to their cart, ordering products, and waiting for deliveries. Phrases like 'ऑनलाइन ख़रीदना' (online kharīdnā - to buy online) are frequently used.

Example: 'मैंने यह ड्रेस अमेज़न से ख़रीदी है।' (Mainne yah ḍres amazon se kharīdī hai.) - 'I have bought this dress from Amazon.'

Conversations with Friends and Family
People often discuss their shopping plans, what they've bought, or what they need to buy. 'क्या तुम मेरे लिए कुछ ख़रीदोगे?' (Kyā tum mere lie kuchh kharīdoge?) - 'Will you buy something for me?' is a common request.
Media and Advertisements
Advertisements are full of calls to action, encouraging people to buy products. You'll hear phrases like 'आज ही ख़रीदें!' (Āj hī kharīdeṁ! - Buy today!) or 'यह ज़रूर ख़रीदें।' (Yah zarūr kharīdeṁ. - Definitely buy this.)

You'll also encounter it in discussions about buying property, vehicles, or even tickets for events. The core concept of exchange for money makes 'ख़रीदना' a universally applicable verb in commerce and daily life.

When you watch Hindi movies or TV shows, notice how characters discuss their purchases or their intentions to ख़रीदना things.

The more you expose yourself to the language in real-world contexts, the more natural the usage of 'ख़रीदना' will become.

Avoiding Pitfalls with 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā)

While 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) is a straightforward verb, learners can sometimes make mistakes, particularly with verb conjugations, gender agreement, and distinguishing it from similar-sounding words or concepts. Here are some common errors to watch out for.

Incorrect Verb Conjugation
The most frequent mistake is using the wrong verb ending based on the subject's gender and number, or the tense. For instance, a male speaker might incorrectly say 'मैं ख़रीदती हूँ' (main kharīdtī hūṁ) instead of 'मैं ख़रीदता हूँ' (main kharīdtā hūṁ).

Mistake: 'वह ख़रीदता हूँ।' (Vah kharīdtā hūṁ.) - Incorrect. 'वह' (he/she) requires 'है' (hai), not 'हूँ' (hūṁ).

Correction: 'वह ख़रीदता है।' (Vah kharīdtā hai.) or 'मैं ख़रीदता हूँ।' (Main kharīdtā hūṁ.)

Ignoring Object Gender in Past Tense
In the past tense with the postposition 'ने' (ne), the verb agrees with the object's gender and number. Forgetting this leads to errors. For example, saying 'मैंने एक किताब ख़रीदा' (Mainne ek kitāb kharīdā) when 'किताब' (kitāb) is feminine.

Mistake: 'मैंने एक कार ख़रीदा।' (Mainne ek kār kharīdā.) - Incorrect. 'कार' (kār - car) is feminine.

Correction: 'मैंने एक कार ख़रीदी।' (Mainne ek kār kharīdī.)

Confusion with Similar Verbs
Learners might confuse 'ख़रीदना' (to buy) with 'बेचना' (bechnā - to sell), or 'पाना' (pānā - to get/find). While 'पाना' can sometimes imply acquiring something, 'ख़रीदना' specifically denotes a purchase through payment.

Mistake: 'मैंने यह घड़ी पा ली।' (Mainne yah ghaṛī pā lī.) - This means 'I got/found this watch', not necessarily bought it.

Correction for buying: 'मैंने यह घड़ी ख़रीदी।' (Mainne yah ghaṛī kharīdī.)

Overuse of the Infinitive
Sometimes learners use the infinitive 'ख़रीदना' when a conjugated form is needed, especially in simple declarative sentences. The infinitive is typically used with modal verbs or as a noun (gerund).

Mistake: 'मैं किताब ख़रीदना।' (Main kitāb kharīdnā.) - This sounds incomplete or like a statement of intent without proper conjugation.

Correction: 'मैं किताब ख़रीदता हूँ।' (Main kitāb kharīdtā hūṁ.) or 'मैं किताब ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।' (Main kitāb kharīdnā chāhtā hūṁ.)

Being aware of these common mistakes will help you avoid them and communicate more effectively in Hindi.

Exploring Alternatives to 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā)

While 'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) is the most common and direct verb for 'to buy', Hindi offers other words and phrases that can be used depending on the context, nuance, and desired register. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you express yourself more precisely.

'मोल लेना' (mol lenā) - To purchase (often implies bargaining or a considered purchase)
This phrase is very similar to 'ख़रीदना' but can sometimes carry a slightly more formal or deliberate tone. It's often used when there might be some negotiation involved, or when referring to a significant purchase. However, for everyday buying, 'ख़रीदना' is more common.
Example: 'मैंने वह पुरानी घड़ी मोल ली।' (Mainne vah purānī ghaṛī mol lī.) - 'I purchased that old watch.' (Implies a thoughtful acquisition, possibly after some bargaining.)
'पाना' (pānā) - To get, to obtain, to find
'पाना' is a broader term. You might 'पाना' something without buying it (e.g., finding a lost item). However, in certain contexts, it can imply obtaining something, which might indirectly mean buying it, especially if the context is clear. It's less specific than 'ख़रीदना'.
Example: 'मुझे एक अच्छी नौकरी मिल गई।' (Mujhe ek acchī naukrī mil gaī.) - 'I got a good job.' (Here, 'मिल गई' - mil gaī, a form of 'मिलना' - milnā, which is related to 'पाना', implies obtaining.) If you were buying a service, you might say 'मैंने यह सेवा पाई' (Mainne yah sevā pāī) - 'I obtained this service', but 'ख़रीदना' is more precise for a paid service.
'प्राप्त करना' (prāpt karnā) - To obtain, to acquire (formal)
This is a more formal and often literary way to say 'to obtain' or 'to acquire'. It can be used for acquiring knowledge, skills, or even material possessions, but it's less common in casual conversation for simple purchases.
Example: 'उन्होंने इस परियोजना के लिए धन प्राप्त किया।' (Unhonne is pariyojanā ke lie dhan prāpt kiyā.) - 'They obtained funds for this project.'
'लेना' (lenā) - To take (can sometimes imply buying in context)
'लेना' means 'to take'. In certain informal contexts, especially when the act of paying is understood, 'लेना' can be used to imply buying. For example, 'मैं यह शर्ट ले रहा हूँ।' (Main yah shirṭ le rahā hūṁ.) could mean 'I am taking this shirt' (implying buying it).
Example: 'यह पेन कितने का है? मैं यह लेना चाहता हूँ।' (Yah pen kitne kā hai? Main yah lenā chāhtā hūṁ.) - 'How much is this pen? I want to take it.' (Here, 'लेना' strongly implies buying.)

Understanding these synonyms and alternatives allows you to appreciate the richness of the Hindi language and choose the most appropriate word for your intended meaning.

While 'ख़रीदना' is the primary verb for purchasing, context is key when considering alternatives like 'लेना' or 'मोल लेना'.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"वित्तीय वर्ष के अंत में, निगम ने नई मशीनरी प्राप्त करने के लिए पर्याप्त धनराशि आवंटित की।"

Neutral

"मैं बाज़ार से कुछ सब्ज़ियाँ ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।"

Informal

"यार, वो नई जैकेट मस्त है, चल ले आते हैं!"

Child friendly

"चलो, हम खिलौने की दुकान से एक बढ़िया टेडी बियर ख़रीदते हैं!"

Slang

"भाई, वो वाला गैजेट लेना है, रेट क्या है?"

Fun Fact

The concept of 'buying' is ancient, and the root of 'kharidna' can be traced back through various Indo-Iranian languages, reflecting the long history of trade and commerce in the region. The 'kh' sound is a significant characteristic inherited from its Indo-Iranian origins.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /kʰəˈriːd̪nɑː/
US /kʰəˈriːd̪nɑː/
The stress is on the second syllable: kha-REE-d-naa.
Rhymes With
बनाना (banānā) जाना (jānā) खाना (khānā) सुहाना (suhānā) सिखाना (sikhānā) पहचाना (pahchānā) दिखाना (dikānā) लाना (lānā)
Common Errors
  • Not aspirating the 'kh' sound, making it sound like 'karidna'.
  • Pronouncing the 'd' as an alveolar 'd' (like in English 'dog') instead of a dental 'd'.
  • Incorrect vowel sounds, especially the 'i' and 'a'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

CEFR A2 level reading material involving 'ख़रीदना' will typically be simple sentences or short paragraphs about everyday shopping scenarios. Comprehension should be straightforward.

Writing 2/5

At A2, learners can write simple sentences using 'ख़रीदना' to describe their shopping plans or past purchases, focusing on correct verb conjugation and basic sentence structure.

Speaking 2/5

Learners can use 'ख़रीदना' in basic conversations about shopping needs, asking prices, and stating what they want to buy. Fluency may be limited.

Listening 2/5

Understanding 'ख़रीदना' in spoken Hindi at A2 level involves recognizing the verb in common phrases related to shopping and transactions. Clear pronunciation and context are helpful.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

मैं (main - I) तुम (tum - you) वह (vah - he/she/it) यह (yah - this) वह (vah - that) पैसे (paise - money) सामान (sāmān - things/goods) बाज़ार (bāzār - market) दुकान (dukān - shop) कितना (kitnā - how much)

Learn Next

बेचना (bechnā - to sell) मोलभाव करना (molbhāv karnā - to bargain) कीमत (kīmat - price) छूट (chhūṭ - discount) भुगतान करना (bhugtān karnā - to pay)

Advanced

निवेश करना (nivesh karnā - to invest) अधिग्रहण करना (adhigrahaṇ karnā - to acquire, often in business) उपभोक्ता (upbhoktā - consumer) बाज़ार अनुसंधान (bāzār anusandhān - market research)

Grammar to Know

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) sentence structure in Hindi.

मैं (Subject) फल (Object) ख़रीदता हूँ (Verb).

Gender and number agreement of verbs with the subject in present and future tenses.

लड़का ख़रीदता है। (Masculine singular) vs. लड़की ख़रीदती है। (Feminine singular)

Past tense conjugation with the postposition 'ने' and verb agreement with the object.

मैंने (Subject+ने) किताब (Object, Feminine) ख़रीदी (Verb, Feminine).

Use of modal verbs like 'चाहना' (to want), 'सकना' (to be able to), 'पड़ना' (to have to) with the infinitive form of the verb.

मुझे (Subject) यह (Object) ख़रीदना है (Infinitive + Auxiliary).

Present continuous tense formation using '-रहा है/रही है/रहे हैं'.

वे (Subject) खाना (Object) ख़रीद रहे हैं (Verb + Continuous).

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Examples by Level

1

मैं एक किताब खरीदना चाहता हूँ।

I want to buy a book.

Simple present tense with 'चाहना' (to want).

2

क्या आपने खाना खरीदा?

Did you buy food?

Past tense, masculine singular subject 'आपने'.

3

वह फल खरीद रही है।

She is buying fruits.

Present continuous tense, feminine singular subject.

4

हम कल एक कार खरीदेंगे।

We will buy a car tomorrow.

Future tense, plural subject 'हम'.

5

मुझे यह पेन खरीदना है।

I have to buy this pen.

Expressing necessity with 'है' (hai).

6

क्या तुम कुछ खरीदना चाहते हो?

Do you want to buy something?

Question form in present tense.

7

यह बहुत महंगा है, मैं नहीं खरीद सकता।

This is very expensive, I cannot buy it.

Using 'सकना' (to be able to) with the negative.

8

बच्चों ने खिलौने खरीदे।

The children bought toys.

Past tense, plural subject 'बच्चों'.

1

मैं बाज़ार से ताज़ी सब्ज़ियाँ ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।

I want to buy fresh vegetables from the market.

Present tense with 'चाहना', specifying the location and item.

2

क्या आपने कल वह किताब ख़रीदी?

Did you buy that book yesterday?

Past tense, interrogative, with time reference.

3

वह अभी ऑनलाइन कपड़े ख़रीद रही है।

She is buying clothes online right now.

Present continuous tense, specifying the medium (online).

4

हमें अगले हफ़्ते एक नया टीवी ख़रीदना है।

We have to buy a new TV next week.

Expressing necessity or plan for the future.

5

यह बहुत सस्ता है, मैं इसे ख़रीद सकता हूँ।

This is very cheap, I can buy it.

Using 'सकना' (to be able to) in affirmative.

6

मैंने अपने दोस्त के लिए एक तोहफ़ा ख़रीदा।

I bought a gift for my friend.

Past tense, using 'के लिए' (for).

7

क्या वे अगले महीने घर ख़रीदेंगे?

Will they buy a house next month?

Future tense, interrogative.

8

मुझे कुछ स्टेशनरी ख़रीदनी है।

I need to buy some stationery.

Expressing need with 'है' (hai) and feminine object.

1

मैं एक नया लैपटॉप ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ, लेकिन बजट की समस्या है।

I want to buy a new laptop, but there is a budget problem.

Complex sentence structure with a conjunction.

2

उन्होंने कल ही वह पुरानी कार ख़रीदी थी।

They had bought that old car just yesterday.

Past perfect tense, emphasizing completion.

3

आजकल लोग ऑनलाइन ही ज़्यादातर चीज़ें ख़रीद रहे हैं।

Nowadays, people are mostly buying things online.

Present continuous with an adverb of frequency.

4

अगर मुझे पैसे मिले, तो मैं एक अच्छी घड़ी ख़रीदूँगा।

If I get money, then I will buy a good watch.

Conditional sentence structure.

5

मुझे अपनी माँ के लिए जन्मदिन का तोहफ़ा ख़रीदना पड़ा।

I had to buy a birthday gift for my mother.

Using 'पड़ना' (to have to) in the past tense.

6

उन्होंने अपनी पसंद की सभी किताबें ख़रीद लीं।

They bought all the books of their choice.

Past tense with emphasis on completion ('लीं').

7

क्या तुम यह सुनिश्चित करोगे कि हम समय पर टिकट ख़रीद लें?

Will you ensure that we buy the tickets on time?

Future tense with a request for assurance.

8

बहुत से लोग शेयर बाज़ार में निवेश करके शेयर ख़रीदते हैं।

Many people buy shares by investing in the stock market.

Habitual action in the present tense, explaining the method.

1

यह एक महत्वपूर्ण निवेश है, इसलिए हमें सोच-समझकर ख़रीदना चाहिए।

This is an important investment, so we should buy it thoughtfully.

Using 'चाहिए' (should) for advice and a conjunctive adverb.

2

जब तक वह वहाँ पहुँचा, तब तक सारी अच्छी सीटें ख़रीदी जा चुकी थीं।

By the time he arrived, all the good seats had already been bought.

Past perfect passive voice.

3

ई-कॉमर्स के बढ़ते चलन के कारण, लोग अब पहले से कहीं ज़्यादा ऑनलाइन ख़रीद रहे हैं।

Due to the increasing trend of e-commerce, people are now buying much more online than ever before.

Complex sentence with causal relationship and comparative adverb.

4

यदि हम इस ऑफ़र का लाभ उठाना चाहते हैं, तो हमें तुरंत ख़रीदना होगा।

If we want to take advantage of this offer, then we must buy immediately.

Conditional sentence with 'होगा' (must/will have to).

5

उसे अपनी नई नौकरी के लिए एक औपचारिक पोशाक ख़रीदनी पड़ी, जो काफी महंगी थी।

He had to buy a formal outfit for his new job, which was quite expensive.

Past tense with a relative clause.

6

कंपनी ने बाज़ार में अपनी हिस्सेदारी बढ़ाने के लिए कई छोटी फर्मों को ख़रीद लिया।

The company bought several small firms to increase its market share.

Past tense, explaining the purpose of acquisition.

7

क्या आप यह सुनिश्चित कर सकते हैं कि हम समारोह के लिए पर्याप्त मात्रा में भोजन ख़रीद लें?

Can you ensure that we buy enough food for the ceremony?

Request for assurance with a focus on quantity.

8

निवेशक अक्सर भविष्य में मूल्य वृद्धि की उम्मीद में कलाकृतियाँ ख़रीदते हैं।

Investors often buy artworks in the hope of future price appreciation.

Habitual action with a specific motivation and context.

1

बाज़ार के रुझानों का गहन विश्लेषण करने के बाद ही हमें यह निर्णय लेना चाहिए कि क्या ख़रीदना है।

Only after a thorough analysis of market trends should we decide what to buy.

Emphasizing the condition for decision-making.

2

जब उसने शहर छोड़ा, तो उसने अपने सारे पुराने सामान बेच दिए थे और केवल आवश्यक वस्तुएँ ही ख़रीदी थीं।

When she left the city, she had sold all her old belongings and had bought only essential items.

Past perfect tense used to sequence events.

3

डिजिटल युग में, सूचना की प्रचुरता के बावजूद, प्रामाणिक स्रोतों से विश्वसनीय जानकारी ख़रीदना एक चुनौती बन गया है।

In the digital age, despite the abundance of information, buying reliable information from authentic sources has become a challenge.

Abstract concept of buying information, complex sentence.

4

यदि सरकार अर्थव्यवस्था को प्रोत्साहित करना चाहती है, तो उसे उपभोक्ताओं को अधिक ख़रीदने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने हेतु नीतियां बनानी होंगी।

If the government wants to stimulate the economy, it will have to create policies to encourage consumers to buy more.

Complex conditional sentence discussing economic policy.

5

मुझे अपनी टीम के लिए नई सॉफ्टवेयर लाइसेंस ख़रीदने पड़े, भले ही वह हमारे बजट से थोड़ा ज़्यादा था।

I had to buy new software licenses for my team, even though it was slightly over our budget.

Expressing obligation with a concessive clause.

6

कंपनी ने अपने प्रतिद्वंद्वियों को बाज़ार से बाहर करने के उद्देश्य से उनकी प्रमुख संपत्तियों को ख़रीद लिया।

The company bought the key assets of its competitors with the aim of driving them out of the market.

Past tense, explaining a strategic business objective.

7

क्या आप यह सुनिश्चित कर सकते हैं कि हम सभी आवश्यक सामग्री समय पर ख़रीद लें ताकि परियोजना में कोई देरी न हो?

Can you ensure that we buy all the necessary materials on time so that there is no delay in the project?

Request for assurance with a purpose clause.

8

कला संग्राहक अक्सर भविष्य में मूल्य वृद्धि की गारंटी के बजाय कला के सौंदर्यशास्त्र और उसके ऐतिहासिक महत्व के आधार पर पेंटिंग ख़रीदते हैं।

Art collectors buy paintings based on the aesthetics and historical significance of the art, rather than the guarantee of future value appreciation.

Complex sentence exploring motivations behind purchases.

1

बाज़ार के अनिश्चित रुझानों और वैश्विक आर्थिक अनिश्चितताओं के आलोक में, रणनीतिक ख़रीद के बजाय विवेकपूर्ण व्यय पर ज़ोर देना अनिवार्य हो जाता है।

In light of uncertain market trends and global economic volatilities, it becomes imperative to emphasize prudent expenditure rather than strategic buying.

Highly formal language, abstract concepts, sophisticated vocabulary.

2

उसने अपने जीवन के अंतिम वर्षों में, उन सभी अनकही बातों और अधूरे सपनों को ख़रीदने का प्रयास किया जो वह वर्षों से संजोए हुए था।

In the final years of his life, he attempted to buy all those unspoken words and unfulfilled dreams that he had cherished for years.

Metaphorical use of 'buying' to acquire intangible things or experiences.

3

डिजिटल युग में व्यक्तिगत डेटा की प्रचुरता के बावजूद, प्रामाणिक और सत्यापित स्रोतों से विश्वसनीय ज्ञान ख़रीदना एक दुर्जेय चुनौती बनी हुई है, जो सूचना के भ्रामक प्रसार को उजागर करती है।

Despite the abundance of personal data in the digital age, buying reliable knowledge from authentic and verified sources remains a formidable challenge, highlighting the misleading proliferation of information.

Abstract and complex sentence structure, advanced vocabulary related to information and digital age.

4

यदि सरकार वास्तविक आर्थिक सुधार की दिशा में अग्रसर होना चाहती है, तो उसे न केवल उपभोक्ताओं को अधिक ख़रीदने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना होगा, बल्कि टिकाऊ उत्पादन और नैतिक उपभोग को बढ़ावा देने वाली नीतियों का भी निर्माण करना होगा।

If the government wishes to move towards genuine economic reform, it must not only encourage consumers to buy more but also create policies that promote sustainable production and ethical consumption.

Elaborate conditional sentence with multiple clauses and advanced economic/ethical concepts.

5

मुझे अपनी टीम के लिए उन्नत कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता सॉफ्टवेयर लाइसेंस ख़रीदने पड़े, भले ही वह हमारे वार्षिक बजट के आवंटन से काफी अधिक था, क्योंकि प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक लाभ बनाए रखना सर्वोपरि था।

I had to buy advanced artificial intelligence software licenses for my team, even though it was considerably over our annual budget allocation, as maintaining a competitive edge was paramount.

Sophisticated vocabulary, complex sentence with concessive and causal elements.

6

कंपनी ने अपने विरोधियों को बाज़ार से प्रभावी ढंग से बाहर करने के उद्देश्य से, उनकी बौद्धिक संपदा और ग्राहक आधार सहित प्रमुख संपत्तियों का एक शत्रुतापूर्ण अधिग्रहण किया।

The company executed a hostile takeover of its rivals' key assets, including their intellectual property and customer base, with the objective of effectively eliminating them from the market.

Formal business terminology, complex sentence describing a strategic move.

7

क्या आप यह सुनिश्चित करने की ज़िम्मेदारी ले सकते हैं कि हम सभी आवश्यक सामग्री समय पर प्राप्त कर लें, ताकि हमारे महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना की समय-सीमा का उल्लंघन न हो?

Can you assume the responsibility of ensuring that we procure all the necessary materials on time, so that the timeline of our ambitious project is not violated?

Formal request for responsibility, sophisticated vocabulary related to project management.

8

कला संग्राहक अक्सर भविष्य की वित्तीय लाभप्रदता की अनिश्चितताओं के बजाय, कलाकृति की अंतर्निहित सौंदर्य अपील, ऐतिहासिक प्रासंगिकता और सांस्कृतिक प्रभाव के आधार पर अपने संग्रह को क्यूरेट करते हैं।

Art collectors often curate their collections based on the artwork's intrinsic aesthetic appeal, historical relevance, and cultural impact, rather than the uncertainties of future financial profitability.

Highly nuanced sentence exploring motivations and values in art acquisition.

Common Collocations

सामान ख़रीदना
घर ख़रीदना
गाड़ी ख़रीदना
टिकट ख़रीदना
किताब ख़रीदना
ऑनलाइन ख़रीदना
उपहार ख़रीदना
भोजन ख़रीदना
ज़मीन ख़रीदना
कपड़े ख़रीदना

Common Phrases

क्या ख़रीदना है?

— What is to be bought? / What do you want to buy?

दुकानदार ने पूछा, 'क्या ख़रीदना है?' (Dukāndār ne pūchā, 'Kyā kharīdnā hai?') - The shopkeeper asked, 'What do you want to buy?'

मुझे यह ख़रीदना है।

— I have to buy this.

यह बहुत पसंद आया, मुझे यह ख़रीदना है। (Yah bahut pasand āyā, mujhe yah kharīdnā hai.) - I really liked this, I have to buy it.

मैं ख़रीद सकता हूँ।

— I can buy.

अगर मेरे पास पैसे हुए तो मैं यह ख़रीद सकता हूँ। (Agar mere pās paise hue to main yah kharīd saktā hūṁ.) - If I have money, I can buy this.

क्या आपने ख़रीदा?

— Did you buy?

तुम बाज़ार गए थे, क्या तुमने वह किताब ख़रीदा? (Tum bāzār gae the, kyā tumne vah kitāb kharīdā?) - You went to the market, did you buy that book?

कब ख़रीदना है?

— When is it to be bought? / When should we buy?

यह तोहफ़ा कब ख़रीदना है? (Yah tohfā kab kharīdnā hai?) - When is this gift to be bought?

Often Confused With

ख़रीदना vs बेचना (bechnā)

This means 'to sell', which is the opposite action. While related to the same transaction, it's a different verb with a different meaning.

ख़रीदना vs पाना (pānā)

This means 'to get' or 'to obtain'. While you might 'get' something by buying it, 'पाना' doesn't specifically imply a monetary transaction.

ख़रीदना vs भुगतान करना (bhugtān karnā)

This means 'to pay'. It's a part of the buying process but refers to the act of giving money, not the acquisition of the item itself.

Idioms & Expressions

"दाम ख़रीदना"

— To buy trouble; to get into trouble deliberately.

तुम बेवजह बहस करके दाम ख़रीद रहे हो। (Tum bevajah bahas karke dām kharīd rahe ho.) - You are buying trouble by arguing unnecessarily.

Informal
"ज़िंदगी ख़रीदना"

— To prolong life; to survive.

डॉक्टरों ने कहा कि वह ज़्यादा दिन नहीं जी पाएगा, लेकिन उसने मौत से ज़िंदगी ख़रीद ली। (Ḍôkṭaroṁ ne kahā ki vah zyādā din nahīṁ jī pāegā, lekin usne maut se zindagī kharīd lī.) - The doctors said he wouldn't live many days, but he bought life from death.

Figurative/Literary
"अंधा ख़रीदना"

— To buy blindly; to purchase something without proper inspection or knowledge.

बिना देखे कोई भी चीज़ अंधा ख़रीदना ठीक नहीं है। (Binā dekhe koī bhī chīz andhā kharīdnā ṭhīk nahīṁ hai.) - It's not right to buy anything blindly without seeing it.

Informal

Easily Confused

ख़रीदना vs मोल लेना

Both 'ख़रीदना' and 'मोल लेना' mean 'to buy'.

'ख़रीदना' is the general and most common term for buying. 'मोल लेना' can sometimes imply a more deliberate purchase, possibly involving bargaining or a specific price negotiation. In most everyday situations, 'ख़रीदना' is perfectly suitable.

मैं यह किताब ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ। (General) vs. मैंने वह पुरानी घड़ी मोल ली। (Implies a specific, possibly negotiated, purchase.)

ख़रीदना vs लेना

In informal contexts, 'लेना' (to take) can be used to imply buying.

'लेना' is a much broader verb meaning 'to take'. It can refer to taking a seat, taking a break, or taking something from someone. When used in a shopping context, like 'मैं यह शर्ट ले रहा हूँ', it implies buying because the context makes it clear. However, 'ख़रीदना' is unambiguous.

मैं यह पेन ले रहा हूँ। (Informal, implies buying) vs. मैं यह पेन ख़रीद रहा हूँ। (Unambiguous, means buying).

ख़रीदना vs भुगतान करना

Both relate to the act of purchasing.

'ख़रीदना' is the act of acquiring something by paying for it. 'भुगतान करना' is the act of making the payment itself. You 'ख़रीदना' an item, and then you 'भुगतान करना' for it.

मैंने एक नई किताब ख़रीदी। (I bought a new book.) मैंने किताब के पैसे का भुगतान किया। (I paid for the book.)

ख़रीदना vs प्राप्त करना

Both relate to obtaining something.

'ख़रीदना' specifically means to obtain something by paying money. 'प्राप्त करना' means to obtain or receive something, which could be through purchase, gift, achievement, or other means. It's a more general term for acquisition.

मैंने यह पुरस्कार ख़रीदा। (Incorrect, you don't buy awards) vs. मैंने यह पुरस्कार प्राप्त किया। (I received this award.) मैंने यह पेन ख़रीदा। (I bought this pen.)

ख़रीदना vs सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ में 'खरीदना'

The concept of 'buying' can have broader implications beyond mere transactions.

While 'ख़रीदना' is primarily about monetary exchange, in a broader sense, it can metaphorically refer to 'buying into' an idea, 'buying' time, or 'buying' someone's loyalty. These are figurative uses and not direct translations of the verb's core meaning.

वह हमेशा दूसरों की बातें मानकर उनकी वफादारी ख़रीदने की कोशिश करता है। (He always tries to buy others' loyalty by obeying them.) - Metaphorical use.

Sentence Patterns

A1

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (conjugated)

मैं फल ख़रीदता हूँ। (Main phal kharīdtā hūṁ.)

A1

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (conjugated, past tense)

उसने किताब ख़रीदी। (Usne kitāb kharīdī.)

A2

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (conjugated, continuous)

वे खाना ख़रीद रहे हैं। (Ve khānā kharīd rahe haiṁ.)

A2

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (conjugated, future)

हम कार ख़रीदेंगे। (Ham kār kharīdeṁge.)

A2

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (infinitive) + है/हैं

मुझे घड़ी ख़रीदनी है। (Mujhe ghaṛī kharīdnī hai.)

B1

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (infinitive) + चाहता/चाहती हूँ

मैं नया फ़ोन ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ। (Main nayā fon kharīdnā chāhtā hūṁ.)

B1

Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (infinitive) + पड़ा

मुझे यह महंगा तोहफ़ा ख़रीदना पड़ा। (Mujhe yah meṅhgā tohfā kharīdnā paṛā.)

B2

Conditional clause + Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (conjugated)

अगर पैसे हुए तो मैं यह ख़रीदूँगा। (Agar paise hue to main yah kharīdūṅgā.)

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Related

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How to Use It

frequency

Very High

Common Mistakes
  • Incorrect gender agreement in past tense. → मैंने एक किताब ख़रीदी।

    The object 'किताब' (kitāb - book) is feminine, so the past tense verb form 'ख़रीदी' (kharīdī) must agree with it. Saying 'मैंने एक किताब ख़रीदा' is incorrect.

  • Using the infinitive 'ख़रीदना' as the main verb in a simple sentence. → मैं फल ख़रीदता हूँ।

    The infinitive 'ख़रीदना' is typically used with modal verbs or as a noun. In simple present tense sentences, it needs to be conjugated according to the subject's gender and number.

  • Confusing 'ख़रीदना' with 'बेचना'. → मैं यह शर्ट ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।

    'ख़रीदना' means to buy, while 'बेचना' means to sell. Using 'बेचना' when you mean to buy would completely change the meaning of the sentence.

  • Incorrect subject-verb agreement in present tense. → वह ख़रीदता है। (He buys)

    The verb ending must match the subject. 'वह' (he/she) conjugates with '-ता है' (masculine) or '-ती है' (feminine), not '-ता हूँ' which is for 'मैं' (I).

  • Not using the postposition 'ने' (ne) with the subject in the past tense when required. → मैंने एक कार ख़रीदी।

    For transitive verbs like 'ख़रीदना' in the past tense, the subject usually takes the postposition 'ने'. Omitting it can lead to incorrect sentence structure.

Tips

Master Verb Conjugation

Hindi verbs change endings based on the subject's gender, number, and the tense. For 'ख़रीदना', pay special attention to the difference between masculine and feminine forms, especially in the present tense ('ख़रीदता हूँ' vs. 'ख़रीदती हूँ') and the past tense agreement with the object.

Learn Related Nouns

To effectively use 'ख़रीदना', learn the names of common items people buy, like 'किताब' (kitāb - book), 'कपड़े' (kapṛe - clothes), 'खाना' (khānā - food), 'गाड़ी' (gāṛī - car), and 'घर' (ghar - house).

Role-Play Shopping Scenarios

Practice dialogues where you are the buyer. Ask 'क्या ख़रीदना है?' (What do you want to buy?), state what you want to buy, ask for the price ('कितना है?'), and say 'मैं यह ख़रीदता हूँ।' (I buy this.)

Understand Bargaining Culture

In many Indian markets, bargaining is common. While 'ख़रीदना' is the act of buying, understanding phrases like 'मोलभाव करना' (to bargain) and knowing when to negotiate can be part of the buying experience.

Aspirated 'Kh'

The initial sound 'ख़' in 'ख़रीदना' is aspirated. Practice making the 'kh' sound with a puff of air, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch' but stronger. This distinction is important for clear pronunciation.

Beware of Past Tense Agreement

In the past tense, with the postposition 'ने', the verb agrees with the object. Forgetting this, especially the gender of the object, is a common error. Remember: 'मैंने एक कार ख़रीदी' (feminine object 'कार') not 'ख़रीदा'.

Use with Modal Verbs

Combine 'ख़रीदना' with modal verbs like 'चाहना' (want), 'सकना' (can), 'पड़ना' (have to) to express more complex intentions and obligations related to buying. For example, 'मुझे ख़रीदना है' (I have to buy).

Learn Synonyms and Related Terms

Expand your vocabulary by learning related terms like 'मोल लेना' (to purchase, often with bargaining), 'भुगतान करना' (to pay), and 'दाम' (price). This will allow for more nuanced expression.

Write Shopping Lists

Create imaginary shopping lists in Hindi. For each item, write a sentence using 'ख़रीदना' to express your intention to buy it, e.g., 'मुझे दूध ख़रीदना है।'

Understand Online Shopping Terms

Familiarize yourself with terms like 'ऑनलाइन ख़रीदना' (to buy online), 'ऑर्डर करना' (to order), and 'डिलीवरी' (delivery) as online shopping is a significant part of modern commerce.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a 'car' (sounds like 'kharīd') that you desperately want to 'drive' (sounds a bit like 'naa'). You have to 'buy' it first! So, 'car-drive-naa' -> 'kharīd-naa' reminds you of buying a car.

Visual Association

Picture a person handing over a bag of money to a shopkeeper while receiving a brightly wrapped gift box. The shopkeeper smiles, and the person looks happy with their purchase. The word 'ख़रीदना' is written on the gift box.

Word Web

Buy Purchase Shop Market Money Transaction Goods Acquire

Challenge

Try to use 'ख़रीदना' in five different sentences describing things you want to buy this week, specifying the item and where you might buy it from.

Word Origin

The word 'ख़रीदना' originates from Middle Persian 'krīdan', meaning 'to buy'. This word, in turn, is believed to have roots in Proto-Iranian languages.

Original meaning: To purchase, to buy.

Indo-Aryan (Indo-European)

Cultural Context

Avoid making assumptions about someone's ability to 'buy' things based on their appearance. Economic status varies greatly.

In English-speaking cultures, buying is often more transactional and less about social interaction, especially in large supermarkets or online. Bargaining is rare in most contexts. The focus is on efficiency and price comparison.

The concept of 'buying' is central to countless stories, myths, and economic theories across cultures. In Indian culture, the 'mela' (fair) is a place where people go to buy various goods, often accompanied by entertainment. The phrase 'buyer beware' reflects the caution needed when purchasing items.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

At a grocery store or market.

  • मुझे सब्ज़ियाँ ख़रीदनी हैं।
  • क्या यह ताज़ा है?
  • यह कितने का है?

Shopping for clothes.

  • मैं यह शर्ट ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ।
  • क्या यह मेरे ऊपर अच्छा लग रहा है?
  • क्या इसका कोई और रंग है?

Buying a vehicle.

  • हम एक नई कार ख़रीदने जा रहे हैं।
  • इसकी कीमत क्या है?
  • क्या हम इसे टेस्ट ड्राइव कर सकते हैं?

Online shopping.

  • मैंने यह ऑनलाइन ख़रीदा।
  • डिलीवरी कब होगी?
  • क्या यह वापस किया जा सकता है?

Purchasing tickets for an event.

  • हमें दो टिकट ख़रीदने हैं।
  • क्या अभी भी टिकट उपलब्ध हैं?
  • यह कितने का है?

Conversation Starters

"What are you planning to buy this weekend?"

"Did you buy anything interesting recently?"

"Where is your favorite place to buy things?"

"What's the most expensive thing you've ever bought?"

"Do you prefer shopping online or in physical stores?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you bought something special. What was it and why was it special?

Imagine you have unlimited money for a day. What would you buy and from where?

Write about a shopping experience that went wrong. What happened?

Reflect on the difference between needing something and wanting something. How does this relate to what you buy?

Describe your ideal shopping trip. What would you buy, and who would you go with?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

'ख़रीदना' (kharīdnā) means 'to buy', which is the act of acquiring something by paying for it. 'बेचना' (bechnā) means 'to sell', which is the act of giving something in exchange for money. They are opposite actions in a transaction.

In the past tense, the verb often conjugates with the postposition 'ने' (ne) attached to the subject. The verb ending then agrees with the gender and number of the object. For example, 'मैंने (I) एक किताब (book - feminine) ख़रीदी (bought).' If the object is plural, the verb ending also changes: 'मैंने दो किताबें ख़रीदीं (I bought two books).'

Yes, 'ख़रीदना' can be used for services as well. For example, 'मैंने एक घंटे की कंसल्टेशन ख़रीदी।' (Mainne ek ghanṭe kī consultation kharīdī.) - 'I bought an hour of consultation.'

The most common mistake is incorrect verb conjugation, especially regarding gender and number agreement, particularly in the past tense. Forgetting to add 'ने' (ne) to the subject in the past tense is also a frequent error.

'ख़रीदना' itself is a neutral verb and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. However, alternatives like 'मोल लेना' might be used for more formal or negotiated purchases, while 'लेना' can be used informally to imply buying.

You can say 'मैं ख़रीदना चाहता हूँ' (Main kharīdnā chāhtā hūṁ) if you are male, or 'मैं ख़रीदना चाहती हूँ' (Main kharīdnā chāhtī hūṁ) if you are female. The structure is 'Subject + Object + ख़रीदना (infinitive) + चाहता/चाहती हूँ'.

'ऑनलाइन ख़रीदना' (online kharīdnā) means 'to buy online'. It's a common phrase used to describe e-commerce transactions.

Yes, you can use 'ख़रीदना' for buying property, such as a house ('घर ख़रीदना' - ghar kharīdnā) or land ('ज़मीन ख़रीदना' - zamīn kharīdnā).

'ख़रीदना' is the act of buying. 'मोलभाव करना' (molbhāv karnā) means 'to bargain' or 'to negotiate the price'. You often 'मोलभाव करना' before you 'ख़रीदना'.

The future tense is formed by conjugating the infinitive 'ख़रीदना' with future auxiliary verbs that agree with the subject. For example, 'हम ख़रीदेंगे' (Ham kharīdeṁge - We will buy), 'वह ख़रीदेगी' (Vah kharīdegī - She will buy).

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