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B2 adjective 11 min read

तंत्र संबंधी

Examples
Explanation तंत्र संबंधी in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp the absolute basics of Hindi, such as simple greetings, numbers, and basic nouns and verbs. The term 'तंत्र संबंधी' (tantra sambandhī) is highly advanced and conceptual, making it largely irrelevant for daily survival Hindi. However, an A1 learner can begin to understand the building blocks of this phrase. The word 'तंत्र' (tantra) means 'system'. You might hear it in words like 'प्रजातंत्र' (democracy). The word 'संबंधी' (sambandhī) means 'related to'. At this stage, instead of trying to use 'तंत्र संबंधी' in a sentence, an A1 learner should focus on understanding that when they hear 'संबंधी' at the end of a word, it means 'related to' whatever came before it. If you want to express the idea of 'systemic' at this level, it is much easier to use simple English words mixed with Hindi, such as 'यह पूरे system की problem है' (This is a problem of the whole system). Attempting to use the formal term might confuse both the learner and the listener if the rest of the sentence is very basic.
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At the A2 level, learners can form simple sentences and discuss routine tasks, personal background, and immediate needs. While 'तंत्र संबंधी' remains an advanced vocabulary word, an A2 learner can start to recognize it when reading simple news headlines or listening to formal announcements. At this stage, the focus should be on recognizing the root word 'संबंध' (sambandh), which means 'relation' or 'connection'. You can practice saying simple sentences using the components of the phrase. For example, instead of saying 'It is a systemic issue', an A2 learner might say 'यह सिस्टम से संबंधित है' (This is related to the system). This uses a slightly easier grammatical structure ('से संबंधित' - related to) rather than the compound adjective form. You do not need to actively use 'तंत्र संबंधी' in your daily conversations at this level, but recognizing it will help you understand that a topic being discussed is serious, formal, and involves a large-scale system rather than just one person.
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At the B1 level, learners are becoming more independent and can handle most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where Hindi is spoken. You can describe experiences, events, dreams, and ambitions. At this intermediate stage, introducing 'तंत्र संबंधी' into your vocabulary is a great way to elevate your language skills, especially if you are interested in reading Hindi newspapers or discussing current events. You can start using it in straightforward sentences to describe big problems. For instance, you can say 'भ्रष्टाचार एक तंत्र संबंधी समस्या है' (Corruption is a systemic problem). The grammar is simple: Subject + 'एक' + Adjective + Noun + 'है'. At this level, you should also be aware of the difference between 'सिस्टम' (the English loanword commonly used in Hindi) and 'तंत्र' (the formal Hindi word). Using 'तंत्र संबंधी' shows that you are consciously choosing formal Hindi vocabulary over colloquial Hinglish, which is impressive for a B1 learner.
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At the B2 level, learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. This is the exact CEFR level where 'तंत्र संबंधी' belongs. As a B2 learner, you are expected to use this word actively and correctly in discussions about politics, society, science, or economics. You should be comfortable pairing it with abstract nouns. For example, 'तंत्र संबंधी विफलता' (systemic failure), 'तंत्र संबंधी सुधार' (systemic reform), and 'तंत्र संबंधी जोखिम' (systemic risk). You should also be able to contrast it with localized or individual issues. For example: 'यह किसी एक व्यक्ति की गलती नहीं है, बल्कि एक तंत्र संबंधी दोष है' (This is not any one person's mistake, but a systemic flaw). At this level, you must ensure you do not confuse it with 'व्यवस्थित' (systematic). Your pronunciation should be clear, correctly articulating the dental 't' in 'तंत्र' and the nasal sounds in both words.
At the C1 level, learners can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. You can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. For a C1 speaker, using 'तंत्र संबंधी' is standard practice in formal discourse. You should be able to use it seamlessly within complex, multi-clause sentences. For example: 'हालाँकि सरकार ने तात्कालिक राहत प्रदान की है, लेकिन जब तक तंत्र संबंधी सुधार लागू नहीं किए जाते, तब तक अर्थव्यवस्था में स्थायी सुधार की उम्मीद करना व्यर्थ है' (Although the government has provided immediate relief, until systemic reforms are implemented, expecting permanent improvement in the economy is futile). At this level, you should also be familiar with its synonyms like 'प्रणालीगत' (pranāligat) and 'ढांचागत' (dhānchāgat), and know exactly when to choose one over the other based on slight nuances in context (e.g., using 'ढांचागत' for structural issues vs 'तंत्र संबंधी' for functional system issues).
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At the C2 level, learners have achieved near-native proficiency and can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. You can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. A C2 user wields 'तंत्र संबंधी' with absolute precision, often using it in literary, highly academic, or deeply analytical contexts. You can play with the language, perhaps using it metaphorically or in high-level critiques of societal frameworks. You understand the etymological roots of 'तंत्र' (loom, framework) and how it applies to modern systems. You can effortlessly navigate complex passive constructions, such as 'इस तंत्र संबंधी विसंगति को दूर करने के लिए विधायी हस्तक्षेप की आवश्यकता है' (Legislative intervention is required to remove this systemic anomaly). At this pinnacle of language mastery, your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, a journalist, or a scholar writing in pure, formal Hindi.
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Examples
The Hindi term तंत्र संबंधी (tantra sambandhī) is a highly formal and sophisticated adjective that translates to 'systemic' or 'relating to a system' in English. To truly understand this word, we must break it down into its constituent parts. The word 'तंत्र' (tantra) refers to a system, framework, mechanism, or network. It is used in various contexts, such as 'प्रजातंत्र' (democracy, the system of people) or 'पाचन तंत्र' (digestive system). The second part, 'संबंधी' (sambandhī), means 'related to' or 'pertaining to'. When combined, 'तंत्र संबंधी' describes something that affects, involves, or is fundamentally connected to an entire system rather than just a localized or isolated part of it. This distinction is crucial for English speakers learning Hindi, as it mirrors the difference between 'systemic' and 'localized' in English. You will frequently encounter this term in advanced discourse, particularly in fields like medicine, politics, economics, and technology. For instance, in a medical context, a 'systemic infection' is translated as 'तंत्र संबंधी संक्रमण', indicating that the disease has spread throughout the body's entire system rather than being confined to a single organ.

Doctors discovered a तंत्र संबंधी issue in the patient's blood test.

In the realm of governance and sociology, commentators often speak of 'systemic corruption' or 'systemic failure', which translates to 'तंत्र संबंधी भ्रष्टाचार' or 'तंत्र संबंधी विफलता'. This implies that the flaw is not just the fault of a few individuals but is deeply embedded within the structural framework of the organization or society itself.
Medical Context
Used to describe diseases or medications that affect the entire body, such as systemic lupus or systemic circulation.
Furthermore, in information technology, a 'systemic error' means an error that affects the entire computer system or network, often requiring a complete reboot or structural overhaul to fix.

The IT department reported a तंत्र संबंधी crash that took down all servers.

Understanding when to use this word elevates your Hindi from conversational to professional and academic. It demonstrates a grasp of complex, abstract concepts.
Economic Context
Used to describe risks that could trigger the collapse of an entire industry or economy, known as systemic risk.

The 2008 financial crisis was caused by a तंत्र संबंधी failure in the banking sector.

When speaking casually, people might just say 'पूरे सिस्टम की समस्या' (a problem of the whole system), but in formal writing, news broadcasting, or professional environments, 'तंत्र संबंधी' is the preferred terminology.

To fix poverty, we need to address the तंत्र संबंधी inequalities in education.

Societal Context
Refers to issues like systemic racism or systemic inequality, highlighting that the problem is woven into the fabric of society.

Climate change is a तंत्र संबंधी threat to global agriculture.

Ultimately, mastering the usage of 'तंत्र संबंधी' allows you to articulate deep, structural observations about the world in fluent, sophisticated Hindi, bridging the gap between intermediate comprehension and advanced analytical expression.
Using 'तंत्र संबंधी' (tantra sambandhī) correctly in sentences requires an understanding of its role as an adjective modifying a noun that represents an issue, change, disease, or structure. Because it is a formal term, it pairs best with other formal Hindi vocabulary. Let us explore the grammatical structure and common sentence patterns. The word typically precedes the noun it modifies. For example, 'तंत्र संबंधी समस्या' (systemic problem), 'तंत्र संबंधी सुधार' (systemic reform), or 'तंत्र संबंधी रोग' (systemic disease).

इस अस्पताल में तंत्र संबंधी सुधारों की आवश्यकता है। (This hospital needs systemic reforms.)

Notice how 'सुधारों' (reforms) is the plural noun modified by our target adjective. The adjective 'तंत्र संबंधी' does not change its form regardless of the gender or plurality of the noun it modifies. This makes it grammatically straightforward to apply once you know the vocabulary.
Grammar Rule: Invariability
Unlike some Hindi adjectives that end in 'आ' (aa) and change to 'ए' (e) or 'ई' (ee) based on gender and number, 'तंत्र संबंधी' remains exactly the same whether describing a masculine singular noun or a feminine plural noun.
Let us look at a more complex, academic sentence.

अर्थव्यवस्था को मंदी से उबारने के लिए सरकार को तंत्र संबंधी बदलाव करने होंगे। (To rescue the economy from recession, the government will have to make systemic changes.)

In this sentence, the context is macroeconomic policy. The use of 'तंत्र संबंधी' elevates the tone, indicating that superficial fixes will not suffice; deep, structural changes are required.
Active vs. Passive Voice
This adjective works seamlessly in both active and passive constructions. In passive voice: 'तंत्र संबंधी कमियों को छुपाया गया' (Systemic flaws were hidden).

डॉक्टर ने कहा कि यह एक तंत्र संबंधी संक्रमण है जो तेजी से फैल रहा है। (The doctor said this is a systemic infection that is spreading rapidly.)

When debating or writing essays in Hindi, you can use it to introduce a counter-argument. For example, if someone blames a specific individual for a company's failure, you might respond by pointing out the broader issue.

यह केवल एक व्यक्ति की गलती नहीं है, बल्कि एक तंत्र संबंधी खामी है। (This is not just one person's fault, but a systemic flaw.)

Sentence Positioning
Always place 'तंत्र संबंधी' directly before the noun. Do not separate it with other adjectives unless they form a coordinated list, e.g., 'गंभीर और तंत्र संबंधी मुद्दे' (serious and systemic issues).

शिक्षा प्रणाली में तंत्र संबंधी भेदभाव को समाप्त करना हमारा लक्ष्य होना चाहिए। (Ending systemic discrimination in the education system should be our goal.)

By practicing these sentence structures, learners can confidently integrate this advanced vocabulary into their written and spoken Hindi, ensuring precise communication of complex structural concepts.
The phrase 'तंत्र संबंधी' (tantra sambandhī) is not something you will hear in everyday casual banter at a tea stall or while shopping at a local market. It belongs to the formal register of the Hindi language (शुद्ध हिंदी or Shuddh Hindi). You are most likely to encounter this term in professional, academic, journalistic, and medical environments. One of the primary places you will hear it is on Hindi news channels, particularly during panel discussions, debates, or in-depth reporting. When journalists analyze the failure of a government policy, a major train derailment, or widespread corruption, they frequently bypass blaming individuals and instead point to 'तंत्र संबंधी विफलता' (systemic failure).

News Anchor: यह दुर्घटना एक गंभीर तंत्र संबंधी लापरवाही का परिणाम है। (This accident is the result of severe systemic negligence.)

Media and Journalism
Editorials in prominent Hindi newspapers like Dainik Jagran or Hindustan frequently use this term to critique structural societal issues.
Another major domain is the medical field. If you are reading a Hindi medical journal, a health report, or consulting with a specialist doctor in India, they might use this term to explain a diagnosis. For example, if a patient has an autoimmune disease that affects the whole body, the doctor will describe it as a systemic condition rather than a localized one.

Doctor: आपको जो बीमारी है, वह तंत्र संबंधी है, इसलिए हमें पूरे शरीर की जांच करनी होगी। (The disease you have is systemic, so we will have to examine the whole body.)

In the corporate and financial sectors, particularly in reports published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) or during budget speeches by the Finance Minister, this term is crucial. They discuss 'तंत्र संबंधी जोखिम' (systemic risk) to the banking sector.

Economist: बैंकों के डूबने से अर्थव्यवस्था में तंत्र संबंधी संकट पैदा हो सकता है। (The collapse of banks can create a systemic crisis in the economy.)

Corporate Reports
Annual reports of major Indian corporations translated into Hindi will use this phrase when discussing risk management frameworks.
Furthermore, in the realm of social justice and activism, NGOs and human rights advocates use this terminology to highlight entrenched issues. They speak of systemic discrimination or systemic poverty.

Activist: महिलाओं के खिलाफ हिंसा एक तंत्र संबंधी समस्या है जिसे जड़ से उखाड़ना होगा। (Violence against women is a systemic problem that must be uprooted.)

Information Technology
In localized software and IT manuals, systemic errors or network-wide bugs are described using this specific terminology.

Engineer: सॉफ़्टवेयर में एक तंत्र संबंधी त्रुटि के कारण सभी कंप्यूटर बंद हो गए। (Due to a systemic error in the software, all computers shut down.)

Recognizing this word in these varied contexts will greatly enhance your listening comprehension when consuming advanced Hindi media.
When English speakers learn the word 'तंत्र संबंधी' (tantra sambandhī), they often encounter a few specific pitfalls, primarily stemming from linguistic interference with English or a misunderstanding of Hindi synonyms. The most prevalent and significant mistake is confusing 'systemic' with 'systematic'. In English, these two words sound similar but have vastly different meanings. 'Systemic' refers to something affecting an entire system (e.g., systemic racism, systemic disease). 'Systematic' refers to doing something methodically, according to a plan or system (e.g., a systematic search, systematic studying). In Hindi, 'systemic' translates to 'तंत्र संबंधी' or 'प्रणालीगत', whereas 'systematic' translates to 'व्यवस्थित' (vyavasthit) or 'क्रमबद्ध' (krambaddh).

Incorrect: उसने कमरे की तंत्र संबंधी सफाई की। (He did a systemic cleaning of the room.)

Mistake: Confusing Scope with Method
Using 'तंत्र संबंधी' when you mean 'methodical' or 'organized' is the most common error. Always use 'व्यवस्थित' for methodical actions.

Correct: उसने कमरे की व्यवस्थित सफाई की। (He did a systematic cleaning of the room.)

Another common mistake is overusing the word in informal contexts. 'तंत्र संबंधी' is a weighty, formal term. If you are complaining about a minor glitch in your smartphone, saying 'यह एक तंत्र संबंधी समस्या है' sounds overly dramatic and unnatural, akin to saying 'This is a systemic crisis' when an app crashes. In such cases, a simple 'सिस्टम की खराबी' (system glitch) is more appropriate.
Mistake: Redundancy
Sometimes learners say 'पूरे तंत्र संबंधी' (whole systemic). This is redundant because 'तंत्र संबंधी' already implies that it affects the whole system. Just say 'तंत्र संबंधी'.

Incorrect: यह पूरे तंत्र संबंधी का दोष है। (Grammatically incorrect phrasing.)

Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, separating the words too much or stressing the wrong syllables. 'तंत्र' (tantra) should be pronounced with a soft dental 't' (like the 't' in Spanish or Italian), not the hard aspirated 't' of English. The 'n' is a nasal sound. 'संबंधी' (sambandhī) has a nasalized 'm' sound in the middle and ends with a long 'ee' sound.

Correct: यह तंत्र संबंधी दोष है। (This is a systemic flaw.)

Mistake: Incorrect Suffix
Using 'संबंध' (relation) instead of 'संबंधी' (related to). 'तंत्र संबंध' means 'system relation', which is a noun, not the adjective 'systemic'.

Incorrect: यह एक तंत्र संबंध बीमारी है। (Missing the adjectival suffix.)

By being aware of these common pitfalls—especially the systematic vs. systemic distinction—you can use this advanced vocabulary word with native-like precision and avoid confusing your listeners or readers.
While 'तंत्र संबंधी' is a precise and highly useful term, the Hindi language offers a rich tapestry of synonyms and alternative phrases depending on the exact nuance you wish to convey. Understanding these alternatives will not only expand your vocabulary but also allow you to tailor your speech to different contexts, from academic writing to casual conversation. The most direct and frequently used synonym is 'प्रणालीगत' (pranāligat). 'प्रणाली' (pranāli) means system or methodology, and the suffix '-गत' (-gat) means 'pertaining to' or 'gone into'. Therefore, 'प्रणालीगत' is virtually interchangeable with 'तंत्र संबंधी' in contexts like governance, economics, and IT.

देश में प्रणालीगत सुधारों की आवश्यकता है। (The country needs systemic reforms.)

Alternative: संस्थागत (Sansthāgat)
Meaning 'institutional'. Use this when the systemic issue is specifically related to organizations, laws, or established institutions, such as 'संस्थागत नस्लवाद' (institutional racism).
Another excellent alternative is 'ढांचागत' (dhānchāgat), which means 'structural'. 'ढांचा' (dhānchā) refers to a framework or structure. If you are talking about systemic issues that are deeply rooted in the foundational structure of an economy or a building, this is the perfect word. For example, 'ढांचागत विकास' (structural/infrastructure development) or 'ढांचागत कमजोरी' (structural weakness).

यह समस्या ढांचागत है, इसे रातों-रात नहीं सुलझाया जा सकता। (This problem is structural; it cannot be solved overnight.)

Alternative: सर्वांगीण (Sarvāngīn)
Meaning 'all-encompassing' or 'holistic'. While not a direct translation of systemic, it is used when describing a solution that addresses the entire system, e.g., 'सर्वांगीण विकास' (holistic development).

हमें एक सर्वांगीण दृष्टिकोण अपनाने की जरूरत है। (We need to adopt a holistic approach.)

For antonyms, if you want to express the opposite of systemic (i.e., localized or individual), you would use words like 'स्थानीय' (sthānīya - local) or 'व्यक्तिगत' (vyaktigat - individual). For instance, a localized infection is a 'स्थानीय संक्रमण', as opposed to a 'तंत्र संबंधी संक्रमण'. A personal error is a 'व्यक्तिगत गलती', as opposed to a 'तंत्र संबंधी विफलता'.

यह कोई व्यक्तिगत विफलता नहीं है। (This is not an individual failure.)

Alternative: व्यापक (Vyāpak)
Meaning 'widespread' or 'comprehensive'. Often used alongside systemic to emphasize the scale of an issue: 'व्यापक और तंत्र संबंधी बदलाव' (widespread and systemic changes).

सरकार ने व्यापक सुधारों की घोषणा की है। (The government has announced comprehensive reforms.)

By mastering these alternatives, you gain the flexibility to express complex, nuanced ideas about structures, systems, and methodologies in highly proficient Hindi.
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Examples by Level

1

यह तंत्र संबंधी है।

It is systemic.

Basic sentence structure: Subject + Adjective + Verb.

2

क्या यह तंत्र संबंधी है?

Is it systemic?

Question formation using 'क्या' at the beginning.

3

यह तंत्र संबंधी समस्या है।

This is a systemic problem.

Adjective preceding the noun 'समस्या' (problem).

4

तंत्र बहुत बड़ा है।

The system is very big.

Using the root word 'तंत्र' (system) as a subject.

5

यह एक तंत्र है।

This is a system.

Simple identification sentence.

6

मुझे तंत्र संबंधी बात समझ नहीं आती।

I don't understand systemic matters.

Present simple negative sentence.

7

यह रोग तंत्र संबंधी है।

This disease is systemic.

Using 'रोग' (disease) as the subject.

8

तंत्र संबंधी काम मुश्किल है।

Systemic work is difficult.

Adjective modifying 'काम' (work).

1

हमें तंत्र संबंधी बदलाव चाहिए।

We need systemic change.

Using 'चाहिए' (need/want) with the noun phrase.

2

यह एक बड़ी तंत्र संबंधी विफलता है।

This is a big systemic failure.

Multiple adjectives 'बड़ी' and 'तंत्र संबंधी' modifying 'विफलता'.

3

डॉक्टर ने कहा कि यह तंत्र संबंधी संक्रमण है।

The doctor said that this is a systemic infection.

Reported speech using 'कि' (that).

4

क्या आपके पास तंत्र संबंधी समस्याओं का हल है?

Do you have a solution for systemic problems?

Using 'के पास' to indicate possession of a solution.

5

यह तंत्र संबंधी बीमारी पूरे शरीर में फैलती है।

This systemic disease spreads throughout the whole body.

Present simple tense with 'फैलती है' (spreads).

6

तंत्र संबंधी सुधारों में समय लगता है।

Systemic reforms take time.

Using 'में समय लगता है' (takes time in).

7

उन्होंने तंत्र संबंधी गलतियों के बारे में बात की।

They talked about systemic mistakes.

Past tense using 'के बारे में बात की' (talked about).

8

यह मशीन तंत्र संबंधी रूप से खराब है।

This machine is systemically broken.

Using 'रूप से' to turn the adjective into an adverb.

1

भ्रष्टाचार हमारे देश में एक गहरी तंत्र संबंधी समस्या बन गया है।

Corruption has become a deep systemic problem in our country.

Present perfect tense 'बन गया है' (has become).

2

बिना तंत्र संबंधी सुधारों के, यह कंपनी आगे नहीं बढ़ सकती।

Without systemic reforms, this company cannot move forward.

Using 'बिना... के' (without) structure.

3

हमें केवल लक्षणों का इलाज नहीं करना चाहिए, बल्कि तंत्र संबंधी कारणों को समझना चाहिए।

We should not just treat the symptoms, but understand the systemic causes.

Using 'न केवल... बल्कि' (not only... but) implied structure.

4

इस नई नीति से शिक्षा क्षेत्र में तंत्र संबंधी परिवर्तन आएंगे।

This new policy will bring systemic changes in the education sector.

Future tense 'आएंगे' (will come).

5

तंत्र संबंधी जोखिमों को कम करने के लिए नए नियम बनाए गए हैं।

New rules have been made to reduce systemic risks.

Passive voice 'बनाए गए हैं' (have been made).

6

यह दुर्घटना किसी एक व्यक्ति की गलती नहीं, बल्कि तंत्र संबंधी लापरवाही थी।

This accident was not any one person's mistake, but systemic negligence.

Contrasting using 'नहीं, बल्कि' (not, but).

7

वैज्ञानिकों ने जलवायु परिवर्तन को एक तंत्र संबंधी खतरा बताया है।

Scientists have described climate change as a systemic threat.

Present perfect with 'बताया है' (have described).

8

क्या आप मानते हैं कि यह एक तंत्र संबंधी मुद्दा है जिसे तुरंत हल किया जाना चाहिए?

Do you believe that this is a systemic issue that should be resolved immediately?

Relative clause using 'जिसे' (which).

1

आर्थिक मंदी से निपटने के लिए सरकार को व्यापक और तंत्र संबंधी सुधार लागू करने होंगे।

To tackle the economic recession, the government will have to implement comprehensive and systemic reforms.

Infinitive of purpose 'निपटने के लिए' and compulsion 'करने होंगे'.

2

यह दवा केवल दर्द को दबाती है, यह तंत्र संबंधी बीमारी का स्थायी इलाज नहीं है।

This medicine only suppresses the pain; it is not a permanent cure for the systemic disease.

Compound sentence connecting two independent clauses.

3

बैंकिंग क्षेत्र में तंत्र संबंधी जोखिमों का आकलन करने के लिए एक विशेष समिति का गठन किया गया है।

A special committee has been formed to assess systemic risks in the banking sector.

Formal passive construction 'गठन किया गया है'.

4

जब तक हम समाज में व्याप्त तंत्र संबंधी भेदभाव को स्वीकार नहीं करते, तब तक समानता असंभव है।

Until we acknowledge the systemic discrimination prevalent in society, equality is impossible.

Conditional structure 'जब तक... तब तक' (until... then).

5

सॉफ़्टवेयर क्रैश एक तंत्र संबंधी त्रुटि के कारण हुआ था, जिसे ठीक करने में कई दिन लगे।

The software crash occurred due to a systemic error, which took several days to fix.

Relative clause 'जिसे' explaining the consequence.

6

पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए हमें अपनी जीवनशैली में तंत्र संबंधी बदलाव लाने की सख्त जरूरत है।

For environmental protection, there is a strict need to bring systemic changes in our lifestyle.

Using 'सख्त जरूरत है' (strict/dire need).

7

आलोचकों का तर्क है कि नई कर नीति से तंत्र संबंधी असमानताएं और बढ़ेंगी।

Critics argue that the new tax policy will further increase systemic inequalities.

Reported argument 'आलोचकों का तर्क है कि'.

8

स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रणाली की तंत्र संबंधी खामियों को महामारी ने पूरी तरह से उजागर कर दिया।

The pandemic completely exposed the systemic flaws of the healthcare system.

Perfective aspect using 'उजागर कर दिया' (exposed completely).

1

संस्थागत जड़ता और तंत्र संबंधी भ्रष्टाचार ने इस महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना को विफल कर दिया।

Institutional inertia and systemic corruption caused this ambitious project to fail.

Advanced vocabulary pairing 'संस्थागत जड़ता' (institutional inertia).

2

यह शोध पत्र वैश्विक वित्तीय बाजारों में तंत्र संबंधी अस्थिरता के मूल कारणों का गहन विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है।

This research paper presents an in-depth analysis of the root causes of systemic instability in global financial markets.

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