A1 Negation 1 min read 쉬움

Difference between Tidak and Bukan

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'tidak' for verbs and adjectives, and 'bukan' for nouns and pronouns.

  • Use 'tidak' before verbs: Saya tidak makan (I am not eating).
  • Use 'tidak' before adjectives: Dia tidak lapar (He is not hungry).
  • Use 'bukan' before nouns: Ini bukan kopi (This is not coffee).
Tidak + [Verb/Adj] | Bukan + [Noun/Pronoun]

Meanings

These are the two primary ways to negate statements in Indonesian. 'Tidak' negates actions and states, while 'bukan' negates identities and objects.

1

Verb/Adjective Negation

Negating an action or a quality.

“Saya tidak pergi.”

“Dia tidak cantik.”

2

Noun/Pronoun Negation

Negating identity, classification, or existence of an object.

“Itu bukan kucing.”

“Saya bukan orang asing.”

Negation Particle Usage

Particle Used Before Example Meaning
Tidak Verbs Tidak makan Not eating
Tidak Adjectives Tidak mahal Not expensive
Bukan Nouns Bukan uang Not money
Bukan Pronouns Bukan saya Not me
Bukan Proper Nouns Bukan Jakarta Not Jakarta

Shortened Forms

Full Form Short Form Register
Tidak Tak Informal/Poetic

Reference Table

Reference table for Difference between Tidak and Bukan
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + Verb Saya makan
Negative (Verb) Subject + Tidak + Verb Saya tidak makan
Negative (Adj) Subject + Tidak + Adj Saya tidak lapar
Negative (Noun) Subject + Bukan + Noun Ini bukan kopi
Question Subject + Verb + ? Kamu makan?
Tag Question Statement + Bukan? Kamu lapar, bukan?
Short Answer Tidak Tidak, terima kasih

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Saya bukan seorang pelajar.

Saya bukan seorang pelajar. (Introduction)

중립
Saya bukan pelajar.

Saya bukan pelajar. (Introduction)

비격식체
Gue bukan pelajar.

Gue bukan pelajar. (Introduction)

속어
Bukan pelajar gue.

Bukan pelajar gue. (Introduction)

Negation Decision Tree

Negation

Action/State

  • Tidak Not

Identity/Object

  • Bukan Not

수준별 예문

1

Saya tidak lapar.

I am not hungry.

2

Ini bukan buku.

This is not a book.

3

Dia tidak tidur.

He is not sleeping.

4

Itu bukan saya.

That is not me.

1

Kami tidak pergi ke pasar.

We are not going to the market.

2

Dia bukan dokter, dia perawat.

He is not a doctor, he is a nurse.

3

Rumah itu tidak besar.

That house is not big.

4

Ini bukan milikmu, bukan?

This is not yours, right?

1

Saya tidak setuju dengan pendapat itu.

I do not agree with that opinion.

2

Masalah ini bukan tanggung jawab saya.

This problem is not my responsibility.

3

Dia tidak pernah datang tepat waktu.

He never comes on time.

4

Bukan dia yang memecahkan vas itu.

It was not him who broke the vase.

1

Keputusan itu tidak didasarkan pada fakta.

That decision is not based on facts.

2

Bukan berarti saya tidak peduli.

It does not mean I do not care.

3

Tidak ada orang di dalam ruangan itu.

There is no one in that room.

4

Ini bukan sekadar hobi, tapi karier.

This is not just a hobby, but a career.

1

Tidaklah bijak untuk mengabaikan peringatan tersebut.

It is not wise to ignore that warning.

2

Bukanlah hal yang mudah untuk beradaptasi.

It is not an easy thing to adapt.

3

Dia tidak hanya cerdas, tetapi juga rendah hati.

He is not only smart, but also humble.

4

Bukan karena saya malas, melainkan karena saya sibuk.

It is not because I am lazy, but because I am busy.

1

Tidak satu pun dari mereka yang hadir.

Not one of them was present.

2

Bukan sembarang orang yang bisa masuk ke sini.

Not just anyone can enter here.

3

Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa ini adalah kemajuan.

It cannot be denied that this is progress.

4

Bukanlah sebuah kebetulan bahwa mereka bertemu.

It is not a coincidence that they met.

혼동하기 쉬운

Difference between Tidak and Bukan Tidak vs Tak

Learners often think they are different words.

Difference between Tidak and Bukan Bukan vs Tidak

Learners use them interchangeably.

Difference between Tidak and Bukan Bukan vs Tidak ada

Learners use 'bukan' for existence.

자주 하는 실수

Saya tidak guru

Saya bukan guru

Guru is a noun, must use bukan.

Dia bukan lapar

Dia tidak lapar

Lapar is an adjective, must use tidak.

Tidak ini buku

Ini bukan buku

Word order is wrong.

Saya bukan makan

Saya tidak makan

Makan is a verb, must use tidak.

Bukan saya pergi

Saya tidak pergi

Pergi is a verb.

Tidak itu mobil saya

Itu bukan mobil saya

Mobil is a noun.

Dia tidak bukan dokter

Dia bukan dokter

Double negation.

Tidak masalah itu

Itu bukan masalah

Masalah is a noun.

Bukan saya tahu

Saya tidak tahu

Tahu is a verb.

Dia tidak bukan orang kaya

Dia bukan orang kaya

Redundant negation.

Tidaklah itu benar

Itu bukanlah hal yang benar

Noun phrase requires bukan.

문장 패턴

Saya ___ [verb].

Ini ___ [noun].

Dia ___ [adjective].

Itu ___ [noun], ___ [noun].

Real World Usage

Ordering food very common

Ini bukan pesanan saya.

Texting constant

Gak bisa datang.

Job interview common

Saya bukan orang yang tepat.

Travel common

Ini bukan jalan ke hotel.

Social media common

Bukan gitu caranya!

Delivery apps common

Tidak ada stok.

💡

Check the word

Before saying 'not', look at the next word. Is it a thing? Use 'bukan'.
⚠️

No double negation

Don't use 'tidak' and 'bukan' together.
🎯

Tag questions

Use 'bukan?' at the end of sentences to sound like a native.
💬

Informal 'tak'

Use 'tak' only with friends.

Smart Tips

Use 'bukan'.

Saya tidak guru. Saya bukan guru.

Use 'tidak'.

Saya bukan makan. Saya tidak makan.

Use 'tidak'.

Dia bukan lapar. Dia tidak lapar.

Add 'bukan?' at the end.

Kamu lapar? Kamu lapar, bukan?

발음

/ti.daʔ/

Tidak

Pronounced 'tee-dah'. The 'k' is a glottal stop.

/bu.kan/

Bukan

Pronounced 'boo-kahn'. The 'k' is a glottal stop.

Confirmation

Kamu lapar, bukan? ↗

Rising intonation at the end implies a question.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Bukan' as 'Bukan-benda' (Not-thing). If it's a thing, use Bukan.

시각적 연상

Imagine a 'B' for 'Bukan' and 'B' for 'Benda' (Object). If you see an object, grab the B.

Rhyme

Tidak for doing, Bukan for being.

Story

Budi is not eating (tidak makan). He is not a chef (bukan koki). He is not happy (tidak senang).

Word Web

TidakBukanTakBukanlahTidaklahBukan-benda

챌린지

Label 5 items in your room as 'Bukan [item]' and 5 actions you aren't doing as 'Tidak [action]'.

문화 노트

Using 'bukan' at the end of a sentence is a very common way to seek agreement in social settings.

Both are native Malay/Indonesian roots.

대화 시작하기

Apakah ini kopi?

Apakah kamu lapar?

Apakah dia manajer?

Apakah kamu setuju?

일기 주제

Describe things that are NOT in your room.
Describe actions you are NOT doing today.
Write about a misunderstanding you had.
Argue against a common opinion.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Saya ___ makan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tidak
Makan is a verb.
Choose the correct particle. 객관식

Ini ___ buku saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bukan
Buku is a noun.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya tidak guru.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya bukan guru
Guru is a noun.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ini bukan buku saya
Correct structure.
Translate to Indonesian. 번역

I am not happy.

Answer starts with: Say...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya tidak senang
Senang is an adjective.
Match the negation. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
Correct classification.
Fill in the blank.

Dia ___ manajer di sini.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bukan
Manajer is a noun.
Choose the correct particle. 객관식

Cuaca hari ini ___ panas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tidak
Panas is an adjective.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Saya ___ makan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tidak
Makan is a verb.
Choose the correct particle. 객관식

Ini ___ buku saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bukan
Buku is a noun.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya tidak guru.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya bukan guru
Guru is a noun.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

bukan / ini / saya / buku

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ini bukan buku saya
Correct structure.
Translate to Indonesian. 번역

I am not happy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya tidak senang
Senang is an adjective.
Match the negation. Match Pairs

Match the word to the particle.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
Correct classification.
Fill in the blank.

Dia ___ manajer di sini.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bukan
Manajer is a noun.
Choose the correct particle. 객관식

Cuaca hari ini ___ panas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tidak
Panas is an adjective.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

No, that is a common mistake. Always use 'bukan' for nouns.

They are the same, but 'tak' is informal.

No, use 'tidak' for adjectives.

Say 'Saya tidak tahu'.

Yes, as a tag question.

People will understand, but it will sound unnatural.

Very few, stick to the noun/verb rule.

No, Indonesian has no gender.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

no

Indonesian requires a category choice.

German high

nicht/kein

German is very similar to the Indonesian system.

French low

ne...pas

Indonesian uses a single particle.

Japanese partial

nai/dewa nai

Indonesian is a particle-based system.

Arabic partial

la/laysa

Indonesian is simpler.

Chinese partial

bu/mei

Indonesian is based on word class, not tense.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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