계약하다 in 30 Seconds
- To contract or enter into a formal agreement.
- Used for business, real estate, and employment contracts.
- Implies a legally binding arrangement.
- Often involves signing a document.
- Meaning
- The Korean verb '계약하다' (gyeyakhada) means to contract or to enter into a formal agreement. It signifies a legally binding arrangement between two or more parties. This word is commonly used in situations involving business, real estate, employment, and any other scenario where a formal commitment is established.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll hear '계약하다' frequently in discussions about buying or selling property, signing employment offers, agreeing to service contracts, or making any kind of official deal. It's a fundamental verb for understanding formal transactions and commitments in Korean. For instance, when someone buys a house, they '계약하다' the purchase. Similarly, a company will '계약하다' with a supplier for goods or services. The act of signing a document solidifies this agreement, making '계약하다' a key term in professional and legal settings. It implies a mutual understanding and a commitment to terms and conditions that have been laid out and agreed upon by all involved parties. The word carries a sense of seriousness and officialdom, distinguishing it from casual promises or informal understandings. It’s the verb that signifies the transition from negotiation to a finalized, enforceable arrangement. Think of it as the Korean equivalent of 'to contract,' 'to sign an agreement,' or 'to formalize a deal.' The nuances of '계약하다' can range from simple rental agreements to complex multi-million dollar business deals, but the core meaning of establishing a formal contract remains consistent across all these instances. The process often involves negotiation, drafting terms, and finally, the signing of the contract, all of which are encompassed by the act of '계약하다'.
When you buy a new apartment, you need to 계약하다 the contract.
The company decided to 계약하다 with a new supplier.
- Formal Agreement
- This verb is central to any formal agreement. It implies a process that has been followed, terms that have been discussed, and a commitment that is now legally binding. Whether it's a lease agreement for an apartment, an employment contract, or a partnership agreement, '계약하다' is the action that finalizes these arrangements. It's not just a casual promise; it's a formal commitment that carries legal weight. The act of signing the contract is the physical manifestation of '계약하다'.
- Business and Real Estate
- In the realms of business and real estate, '계약하다' is an everyday verb. Real estate agents help clients '계약하다' for houses and apartments. Businesses '계약하다' for services, supplies, and partnerships. This word is essential for anyone involved in commercial transactions in Korea. The complexity can vary greatly, from a simple agreement for a month-long rental to a long-term, multi-million dollar deal between corporations. Regardless of the scale, the core meaning remains the same: to establish a formal, legally recognized agreement.
We need to 계약하다 the terms of the partnership before we start.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most common structure for '계약하다' is: (Subject) + (Object/Agreement) + 계약하다. The subject is the person or entity making the agreement, and the object is what is being agreed upon. For example, '저는 집을 계약했어요.' (Jeoneun jibeul gyeyakhaesseoyo.) - 'I contracted for the house.' The verb conjugates based on tense and politeness level, just like other Korean verbs. Common endings include -아요/-어요 for informal polite speech and -습니다/-ㅂ니다 for formal polite speech. Understanding these conjugations is crucial for using the verb correctly in different social contexts. For instance, when speaking to a superior or in a formal business setting, you would use the -ㅂ니다 ending, such as '계약하겠습니다' (gyeyakhagetseumnida - I will contract). In casual conversations with friends, you might use the -았어요/-었어요 ending, like '계약했어' (gyeyakhaesseo - I contracted).
- With Specific Nouns
- '계약하다' is often paired with nouns that represent what is being contracted for. Some common examples include: '집을 계약하다' (jibeul gyeyakhada) - to contract for a house, '월세 계약을 하다' (wolse gyeyag-eul hada) - to contract a monthly rent agreement (note: here '하다' is used with the noun '계약', but the meaning is similar), '취업 계약을 하다' (chwieop gyeyag-eul hada) - to contract an employment agreement, '서비스 계약을 맺다' (seobiseu gyeyag-eul maetda) - to enter into a service contract (again, using '맺다' which means 'to form' or 'to tie'). The choice of verb with '계약' can sometimes vary, but '계약하다' is the most direct verb for the act of contracting itself. It’s important to note that while '계약하다' is the verb, the noun '계약' is often used in conjunction with other verbs like '하다' (to do) or '맺다' (to form/tie) to express the same general idea of making an agreement. However, '계약하다' specifically refers to the act of signing or formalizing the contract.
We will 계약하다 the lease agreement next week.
The two companies decided to 계약하다 for a joint venture.
- Adding Modifiers
- You can add adverbs and clauses to provide more detail about the contract or the act of contracting. For example, '신중하게 계약하다' (sinjunghage gyeyakhada) - to contract cautiously, or '내일 계약할 거예요' (naeil gyeyakhal geoyeyo) - 'I will contract tomorrow.' These additions help to paint a clearer picture of the situation. Adverbs like '신속하게' (swiftly), '정확하게' (accurately), or '유리하게' (advantageously) can modify the verb to describe the manner in which the contract is made. Temporal adverbs such as '다음 주에' (next week), '곧' (soon), or '어제' (yesterday) can indicate when the contracting took place or will take place. Furthermore, relative clauses can be used to describe the contract itself, for instance, '우리가 전에 논의했던 계약을 하다' (uriga jeone nonuihaetdeon gyeyag-eul hada) - 'to contract the agreement we discussed before.' This allows for more complex and nuanced sentences.
- Politeness Levels
- Remember to adjust the verb ending based on the politeness level required. For formal situations, use '-습니다' or '-ㅂ니다'. For informal polite situations, use '-아요' or '-어요'. For casual speech among close friends, you can use the plain form or '-었어/-았어'. For example: Formal: '본 계약을 체결합니다.' (Bon gyeyag-eul chegyolhamnida.) - 'We enter into this contract.' (Note: '체결하다' is a more formal synonym often used in official documents). Informal Polite: '계약했어요.' (Gyeyakhaesseoyo.) - 'I contracted.' Casual: '계약했어.' (Gyeyakhaesseo.) - 'I contracted.' Using the correct politeness level is essential for appropriate communication in Korean society. The choice of ending reflects your relationship with the listener and the context of the conversation.
They will 계약하다 the services for one year.
- Real Estate Transactions
- One of the most common places you'll hear '계약하다' is in real estate contexts. When people are buying, selling, or renting apartments, houses, or commercial spaces, they will inevitably '계약하다'. Conversations between real estate agents and clients, discussions about property listings, and even news reports about the housing market will often feature this verb. For example, a real estate agent might say, '이 집은 이미 계약했어요.' (I jibeun imi gyeyakhaesseoyo.) - 'This house has already been contracted.' Or a buyer might ask, '언제 계약할 수 있나요?' (Eonje gyeyakhal su innayo?) - 'When can we contract for it?' This is a very practical application of the word, directly related to a significant life event for many people.
- Employment Settings
- In the professional world, '계약하다' is used when discussing employment. When a company offers a job, the applicant needs to '계약하다' the employment contract. This applies to both full-time positions and freelance or contract work. You might hear HR personnel discussing new hires by saying, '새로운 직원이 오늘 계약했습니다.' (Saeroun jigwoni oneul gyeyakhaetseumnida.) - 'The new employee contracted today.' Or a job seeker might mention, '저는 그 회사와 계약했어요.' (Jeoneun geu hoesa-wa gyeyakhaesseoyo.) - 'I contracted with that company.' This highlights the formal nature of employment relationships in Korea, where a written contract is standard.
The lawyer explained that we must 계약하다 the terms before signing.
The business deal was finalized when they 계약하다 the agreement.
- Business and Legal Settings
- In any business negotiation or legal discussion, '계약하다' is a fundamental term. Companies '계약하다' with suppliers, clients, and partners. Legal professionals draft and review contracts, and their clients ultimately '계약하다' these agreements. News about mergers, acquisitions, and large-scale projects will often mention that parties have '계약했다' (contracted). For instance, a news headline might read: '두 회사가 대규모 프로젝트를 계약했습니다.' (Du hoesaga daegyumo peurojekteu-reul gyeyakhaetseumnida.) - 'The two companies contracted for a large-scale project.' This verb is essential for understanding formal business dealings.
- Everyday Life
- Beyond major transactions, '계약하다' can also apply to more common agreements. For example, signing up for a gym membership, a phone plan, or even a rental agreement for a storage unit involves '계약하다'. While these might seem less formal than a business contract, they are still legally binding agreements. You might hear someone say, '저는 이번 달에 헬스장과 계약했어요.' (Jeoneun ibeon dare helseujang-gwa gyeyakhaesseoyo.) - 'I contracted with the gym this month.' This shows the versatility of the word in various aspects of life where a formal commitment is made.
The rental agreement was signed when the tenant 계약하다 the apartment.
- Confusing with Similar Verbs
- Learners sometimes confuse '계약하다' with verbs that have similar meanings but different nuances. For example, '약속하다' (yaksokhada) means 'to promise,' which is a less formal commitment than a contract. '계약하다' implies a legally binding agreement, often written and signed, whereas '약속하다' can be a verbal commitment. Another common confusion is with '협상하다' (hyeopsanghada), which means 'to negotiate.' Negotiation precedes the act of contracting. You '협상하다' the terms before you '계약하다' the final agreement. Using '약속하다' when a formal contract is intended can lead to misunderstandings, as it doesn't carry the same legal weight. Similarly, using '계약하다' for a casual promise would be inappropriate. It’s crucial to understand that '계약하다' specifically refers to the formalization of an agreement.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- Like any verb, '계약하다' needs to be conjugated correctly according to tense, mood, and politeness level. Mistakes in conjugation can lead to grammatically incorrect sentences. For instance, using the past tense ending '-았어요/-었어요' when the action is in the future, or using a formal ending in a casual conversation. A common error is forgetting the '하' in the stem when conjugating. For example, instead of '계약했어요' (gyeyakhaesseoyo), someone might incorrectly say '계약했어요' (gyeyakhaesseoyo) by dropping the '하'. Or, in the future tense, instead of '계약할 거예요' (gyeyakhal geoyeyo), they might incorrectly say '계약할 거예요' (gyeyakhal geoyeyo). Mastering the conjugation patterns of '하다' verbs, which '계약하다' is an example of, is essential for fluency. This includes understanding how the '하' changes to '해' in certain conjugations, like '계약해요' (gyeyakhaeyo).
Mistake: I promised to buy the car. (Using '약속하다' instead of '계약하다' for a formal purchase)
Correct: I contracted to buy the car. (If a formal agreement was made)
Mistake: He will contract yesterday. (Incorrect tense)
Correct: He contracted yesterday.
- Omitting the Object
- While sometimes the object of '계약하다' can be implied from context, omitting it entirely when it's unclear can lead to confusion. For example, simply saying '계약했어요' (gyeyakhaesseoyo) might be understood if the conversation was already about a specific house. However, in a broader context, it's better to specify what was contracted. Saying '집을 계약했어요' (jibeul gyeyakhaesseoyo - I contracted for a house) is much clearer. Learners might forget to include the object, assuming it's understood, which can sometimes result in miscommunication. It's good practice to explicitly state what is being contracted for, especially when introducing the topic or when there's potential for ambiguity.
- Using the Wrong Particle
- The object of '계약하다' is typically marked with the object particle '을/를'. Forgetting this particle or using the wrong one (like the subject particle '이/가') is a common grammatical error. For example, instead of '부동산 계약을 했어요' (budongsan gyeyag-eul haesseoyo - I did a real estate contract), someone might say '부동산 계약이 했어요' (budongsan gyeyag-i haesseoyo), which is incorrect. The noun '계약' or the item being contracted for acts as the direct object of the verb '하다' (in the case of '계약하다', it's derived from '계약' + '하다'). Therefore, the object particle is essential for correct sentence structure. Always ensure the object of the verb is properly marked.
Mistake: I contracted.
Correct: I contracted for the apartment.
- 체결하다 (chegyolhada)
- '체결하다' is a very close synonym for '계약하다', often used in more formal or official contexts, especially in written documents and legal settings. It also means 'to conclude' or 'to sign' an agreement. While '계약하다' can be used in everyday conversation, '체결하다' leans towards formal business and legal language. For example, you might see '계약을 체결하다' (gyeyag-eul chegyolhada) in a contract document, meaning 'to conclude the contract'. In spoken Korean, '계약하다' is more common for general agreements, while '체결하다' might be used when emphasizing the finalization of a significant deal.
- 맺다 (maetda)
- '맺다' has a broader meaning of 'to form,' 'to tie,' or 'to establish.' It can be used with '계약' (contract) to mean 'to make a contract' or 'to enter into an agreement.' For example, '계약을 맺다' (gyeyag-eul maetda) is a common phrase. While '계약하다' directly refers to the act of contracting, '계약을 맺다' emphasizes the establishment of the relationship or agreement. It's slightly less direct than '계약하다' but conveys a similar meaning of forming an agreement. It can also be used for forming relationships, like '우정을 맺다' (ujeong-eul maetda - to form a friendship).
Comparison: '계약하다' (to contract) vs. '체결하다' (to conclude/sign an agreement). Both are formal, but '체결하다' is often seen in official documents.
- 약속하다 (yaksokhada)
- '약속하다' means 'to promise.' This is a much less formal commitment than '계약하다.' A promise can be verbal and may not have legal backing. A contract, on the other hand, is a formal, legally binding agreement. You '약속하다' to meet a friend for coffee, but you '계약하다' to buy a house. The key difference lies in the level of formality and legal implication. Using '약속하다' for a situation that requires '계약하다' would be a significant understatement of the commitment involved.
- 협상하다 (hyeopsanghada)
- '협상하다' means 'to negotiate.' Negotiation is the process of discussing terms and reaching an agreement. '계약하다' is the act of finalizing that agreement. You '협상하다' the price of a car before you '계약하다' to buy it. These two actions are sequential. Negotiation is the discussion phase, and contracting is the formalization phase. It's important to distinguish between the process of reaching an agreement and the act of finalizing it.
Contextual Difference: You '약속하다' to meet someone, but you '계약하다' to rent an apartment.
How Formal Is It?
"본 계약은 당사자 간의 상호 합의에 의거하여 체결되었음을 확인합니다."
"우리는 다음 주에 그 집을 계약할 예정입니다."
"아, 나 그거 계약했어!"
"우리 장난감 가게랑 계약하자!"
"그거 계약 빡세게 들어갔어."
Fun Fact
The character '契' originally depicted a tally or notched stick used for agreement, highlighting the ancient practice of formalizing deals. The character '約' also implies a binding promise, often visualized as a knot or tie.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '약' as a simple 'yak' without the glide.
- Omitting the aspiration in the '하' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables other than the first.
Difficulty Rating
The word '계약하다' is frequently encountered in written materials related to business, real estate, and legal documents. Understanding its nuances is crucial for comprehending formal texts. Its usage in these contexts can sometimes involve complex sentence structures and specialized vocabulary.
Accurate use of '계약하다' in writing requires understanding its formal nature, correct conjugation, and appropriate context. Mistakes can lead to grammatical errors or misrepresentation of commitment levels.
Using '계약하다' in spoken Korean requires awareness of politeness levels and appropriate contexts. It's less common in casual conversation unless discussing specific formal arrangements.
Recognizing '계약하다' in spoken Korean is important for understanding discussions about business, real estate, and official agreements. Its pronunciation and context are key to comprehension.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Object Particle (을/를)
The object of '계약하다' (the thing being contracted for) is marked with the object particle. Example: 저는 집**을** 계약했어요. (I contracted for the house.)
Verb Conjugation (Tense and Politeness)
'계약하다' conjugates like other '하다' verbs. Past tense informal polite: 계약했**어요**. Future tense formal polite: 계약할 겁니**다**.
Using '-기 로 하다' (to decide to)
We can use this to express deciding to enter into a contract. Example: 우리는 이 사업을 함께 계약하기로 했어요. (We decided to contract for this business together.)
Using '-ㄹ 때' (when)
This is useful for describing actions that happen during the contracting process. Example: 계약할 때, 계약서를 꼼꼼히 읽어야 합니다. (When contracting, you must read the contract carefully.)
Using '-는 경우' (in case of / if)
This pattern is used to describe conditions related to contracting. Example: 계약하는 경우, 위약금이 발생할 수 있습니다. (In case of contracting, a penalty may occur.)
Examples by Level
저는 집을 계약했어요.
I contracted for the house.
Past tense informal polite ending -았어요.
그들은 새 사무실을 계약할 거예요.
They will contract for a new office.
Future tense informal polite ending -ㄹ 거예요.
이 계약은 유효합니다.
This contract is valid.
Adjective '유효하다' (to be valid) used with the formal polite ending -ㅂ니다.
계약서를 작성해야 해요.
We need to draft the contract.
Verb '작성하다' (to draft/write) used with the informal polite ending -아/어야 해요.
월세 계약을 했어요.
I made a monthly rent contract.
Using the noun '계약' with the verb '하다' (to do).
그는 회사와 계약했어요.
He contracted with the company.
Using the particle '와/과' (with) to indicate the party involved.
계약이 만료되었어요.
The contract expired.
Noun '계약' used with the verb '만료되다' (to expire).
새로운 계약을 시작합니다.
We are starting a new contract.
Formal polite ending -ㅂ니다.
부동산 계약을 할 때 신중해야 합니다.
You must be careful when contracting for real estate.
Using '-ㄹ 때' (when) and the formal polite ending -ㅂ니다.
그들은 5년 동안의 계약을 맺었습니다.
They entered into a contract for five years.
Using '동안' (for a duration) and the past tense formal polite ending -었/았습니다.
저는 제 고용 계약서를 검토했습니다.
I reviewed my employment contract.
Using the noun '계약서' (contract document) and the past tense informal polite ending -았어요.
이 서비스는 계약 기간이 만료되었습니다.
The contract period for this service has expired.
Using '기간' (period) and the past tense formal polite ending -되었습니다.
새로운 파트너와 계약을 체결했습니다.
We concluded a contract with a new partner.
Using the formal verb '체결하다' and the past tense informal polite ending -았어요.
계약 조건을 다시 확인해 주세요.
Please reconfirm the contract terms.
Using the imperative form '-아/어 주세요'.
계약금은 얼마인가요?
How much is the down payment?
Noun '계약금' (down payment/contract deposit).
계약 위반 시 법적 조치가 취해질 수 있습니다.
Legal action may be taken in case of contract violation.
Using '위반' (violation) and the passive form '-ㄹ 수 있습니다'.
회사는 새로운 기술 도입을 위해 해외 기업과 계약을 체결하기로 결정했습니다.
The company decided to enter into a contract with an overseas company to introduce new technology.
Using '-기로 결정하다' (decided to) and the formal verb '체결하다'.
임대 계약서에는 월세, 관리비, 그리고 계약 기간이 명시되어 있습니다.
The lease agreement specifies the monthly rent, maintenance fees, and contract period.
Using '명시되다' (to be specified) and the formal polite ending -ㅂ니다.
그는 자신의 경력을 발전시키기 위해 프리랜서 계약을 맺었습니다.
He entered into a freelance contract to advance his career.
Using '프리랜서' (freelancer) and the verb '맺다'.
계약 조건을 이해하지 못했다면, 전문가의 도움을 받는 것이 좋습니다.
If you do not understand the contract terms, it is advisable to seek expert help.
Using '-지 못했다면' (if one did not...) and '-는 것이 좋다' (it is good to...).
양측은 상호 이익을 위한 협력을 약속했지만, 아직 공식적인 계약은 하지 않았습니다.
Both sides promised cooperation for mutual benefit, but have not yet made a formal contract.
Distinguishing between '약속하다' (to promise) and the implicit need for '계약하다'.
이 계약은 1년마다 갱신될 수 있습니다.
This contract can be renewed every year.
Using '갱신되다' (to be renewed) and the formal polite ending -ㅂ니다.
계약 해지를 원하시면, 최소 한 달 전에 통보해야 합니다.
If you wish to cancel the contract, you must notify at least one month in advance.
Using '해지' (cancellation) and '통보하다' (to notify).
그들은 장기적인 파트너십을 구축하기 위해 계약을 신중하게 검토했습니다.
They carefully reviewed the contract to build a long-term partnership.
Using '장기적인' (long-term) and '구축하다' (to build/establish).
본 계약서는 당사자 간의 모든 권리와 의무를 규정하고 있으며, 이를 위반 시에는 민사상 책임을 져야 할 수 있습니다.
This contract stipulates all rights and obligations between the parties, and violation thereof may result in civil liability.
Using formal legal terms like '당사자' (parties), '권리' (rights), '의무' (obligations), '규정하다' (to stipulate), and '민사상 책임' (civil liability).
회사는 예상치 못한 시장 변동으로 인해 기존 계약을 재협상할 수밖에 없었습니다.
The company had no choice but to renegotiate the existing contract due to unexpected market fluctuations.
Using '예상치 못한' (unexpected), '시장 변동' (market fluctuations), and '-ㄹ 수밖에 없었다' (had no choice but to).
그 프로젝트는 계약된 예산을 초과하여 진행되었기 때문에 추가 자금 확보가 시급했습니다.
Because the project proceeded beyond the contracted budget, securing additional funds was urgent.
Using '예산' (budget), '초과하다' (to exceed), and '-았/었기 때문에' (because).
계약 당사자들은 계약 만료 전에 새로운 조건에 대한 합의를 도출하기 위해 집중적인 논의를 진행했습니다.
The contracting parties engaged in intensive discussions to reach an agreement on new terms before the contract expiration.
Using '합의를 도출하다' (to reach an agreement) and '집중적인 논의' (intensive discussion).
만약 계약서에 명시된 의무를 이행하지 않을 경우, 계약은 자동으로 파기될 수 있습니다.
If the obligations stipulated in the contract are not fulfilled, the contract may be automatically terminated.
Using '이행하다' (to fulfill/perform) and '파기되다' (to be terminated/nullified).
그들은 계약의 효력을 유지하기 위해 모든 법적 절차를 철저히 준수했습니다.
They thoroughly complied with all legal procedures to maintain the contract's validity.
Using '효력' (validity/effect) and '준수하다' (to comply with).
이 계약은 특정 조건이 충족될 때까지 효력을 발휘하지 않습니다.
This contract does not take effect until certain conditions are met.
Using '효력을 발휘하다' (to exert effect/take effect) and '충족되다' (to be met/satisfied).
계약서에 서명하기 전에, 모든 조항을 면밀히 검토하는 것이 현명합니다.
It is wise to meticulously review all clauses before signing the contract.
Using '조항' (clause/provision) and '면밀히 검토하다' (to meticulously review).
본 계약은 해당 법규 및 규정에 따라 해석되며, 분쟁 발생 시에는 대한민국 법원을 통해 해결합니다.
This contract shall be interpreted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and disputes shall be resolved through the courts of the Republic of Korea.
Using formal legal phrasing like '해당 법규 및 규정' (applicable laws and regulations), '분쟁 발생 시' (in case of dispute), and '대한민국 법원' (courts of the Republic of Korea).
계약 당사자들은 예측 불가능한 외부 요인으로 인해 계약 이행에 차질이 발생할 경우, 상호 협의 하에 계약 내용을 조정할 수 있습니다.
The contracting parties may adjust the contract terms through mutual consultation in the event that performance of the contract is disrupted due to unpredictable external factors.
Using '예측 불가능한 외부 요인' (unpredictable external factors), '계약 이행에 차질이 발생하다' (disruption in contract performance), and '상호 협의 하에' (through mutual consultation).
그 기업은 혁신적인 기술 개발을 촉진하기 위해 다국적 기업들과 전략적 제휴 계약을 체결함으로써 글로벌 시장에서의 입지를 강화했습니다.
The company strengthened its position in the global market by entering into strategic alliance agreements with multinational corporations to promote innovative technology development.
Using '혁신적인 기술 개발' (innovative technology development), '촉진하다' (to promote), '다국적 기업' (multinational corporations), '전략적 제휴' (strategic alliance), and '입지를 강화하다' (to strengthen one's position).
만약 계약서에 명시된 기한 내에 의무 조항을 이행하지 못할 경우, 상대방은 계약을 해지할 권리를 갖게 됩니다.
If the obligations stipulated in the contract are not fulfilled within the specified deadline, the other party gains the right to terminate the contract.
Using '기한' (deadline), '의무 조항' (obligatory clauses), and '권리를 갖다' (to have the right).
본 계약은 양 당사자의 서명과 함께 법적 구속력을 가지며, 모든 조항은 성실의 원칙에 따라 해석되어야 합니다.
This contract shall have legal binding force upon the signatures of both parties, and all clauses shall be interpreted in accordance with the principle of good faith.
Using '법적 구속력' (legal binding force), '성실의 원칙' (principle of good faith), and '해석되어야 하다' (must be interpreted).
계약 기간 동안 발생할 수 있는 모든 잠재적 위험을 사전에 평가하고 이에 대한 대비책을 마련하는 것이 필수적입니다.
It is essential to pre-assess all potential risks that may arise during the contract period and prepare countermeasures accordingly.
Using '잠재적 위험' (potential risks), '사전에 평가하다' (to pre-assess), and '대비책을 마련하다' (to prepare countermeasures).
계약의 불확실성을 해소하기 위해, 당사자들은 계약서에 모든 관련 사항을 명확하고 상세하게 기술할 것을 합의했습니다.
To resolve the uncertainty of the contract, the parties agreed to clearly and detailedly describe all relevant matters in the contract document.
Using '불확실성' (uncertainty), '해소하다' (to resolve), and '상세하게 기술하다' (to describe in detail).
이 계약은 특정 기술의 라이선스 부여 및 사용에 관한 것으로, 관련 법규의 엄격한 준수를 요구합니다.
This contract pertains to the licensing and use of specific technology and requires strict adherence to relevant regulations.
Using '라이선스 부여' (licensing), '관련 법규' (relevant regulations), and '엄격한 준수' (strict adherence).
본 계약의 해석 및 적용에 있어 발생하는 모든 이견은 상호 신뢰와 성실의 원칙에 입각하여 평화적으로 해결함을 원칙으로 한다.
All disagreements arising in the interpretation and application of this contract shall, in principle, be resolved amicably based on the principles of mutual trust and good faith.
Utilizing highly formal legal terminology: '이견' (disagreements), '입각하여' (based on), '평화적으로 해결함을 원칙으로 한다' (shall, in principle, be resolved amicably).
예측 불가능한 불가항력적 사태로 인해 계약상의 의무 이행이 불가능해질 경우, 당사자들은 계약의 전부 또는 일부를 해지할 수 있으며, 이에 따른 손해배상 책임은 면제된다.
In the event that performance of contractual obligations becomes impossible due to unforeseeable force majeure events, the parties may terminate the contract in whole or in part, and liability for damages shall be exempted.
Employing advanced legal terms: '불가항력적 사태' (force majeure events), '계약상의 의무 이행' (performance of contractual obligations), '손해배상 책임' (liability for damages), '면제된다' (shall be exempted).
본 계약은 당사자 간의 완전한 합의를 구성하며, 이전의 모든 구두 또는 서면 합의에 우선한다.
This contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior oral or written agreements.
Using phrases like '완전한 합의를 구성하다' (constitutes the entire agreement) and '우선한다' (supersedes).
계약 당사자는 상대방의 서면 동의 없이는 본 계약상의 권리나 의무의 전부 또는 일부를 제3자에게 양도하거나 이전할 수 없다.
Neither party may assign or transfer any of its rights or obligations under this contract, in whole or in part, to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party.
Employing formal restrictive clauses: '서면 동의 없이는' (without written consent), '양도하거나 이전하다' (assign or transfer), '제3자' (third party).
본 계약에 명시되지 않은 사항이라 할지라도, 상 관례 및 신의성실의 원칙에 따라 해석 및 이행되어야 한다.
Matters not expressly provided for in this contract shall be interpreted and performed in accordance with established customs and the principle of good faith.
Using sophisticated interpretive principles: '명시되지 않은 사항' (matters not expressly provided for), '상 관례' (established customs), '신의성실의 원칙' (principle of good faith).
계약 기간 만료 후에도 본 계약에 따른 비밀 유지 의무는 존속하며, 이를 위반 시에는 막대한 손해배상금이 청구될 수 있다.
The confidentiality obligations under this contract shall survive the expiration of the contract term, and violation thereof may result in substantial damages.
Utilizing terms related to ongoing obligations: '비밀 유지 의무' (confidentiality obligations), '존속하다' (to survive/continue), '막대한 손해배상금' (substantial damages).
본 계약의 효력은 당사자들이 계약서에 서명한 날로부터 발생하며, 모든 조항은 소급하여 적용되지 아니한다.
This contract shall become effective as of the date of its execution by the parties, and all provisions shall not apply retroactively.
Precise legal phrasing regarding effectiveness and retroactivity: '효력은 ... 발생하다' (effectiveness shall arise), '소급하여 적용되지 아니한다' (shall not apply retroactively).
계약 당사자는 상대방의 사전 서면 동의 없이 계약 내용을 제3자에게 누설하거나 공개하여서는 아니 된다.
Neither party shall disclose or reveal the contents of this contract to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party.
Formal prohibitions: '사전 서면 동의 없이' (without prior written consent), '누설하거나 공개하다' (disclose or reveal), '-하여서는 아니 된다' (shall not).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— I will contract / I am going to sign the agreement.
다음 주에 새 차를 계약할 거예요.
— To make a contract / enter into an agreement.
두 회사가 새로운 사업을 위해 계약을 맺었습니다.
— To conclude / sign a contract (more formal).
드디어 모든 당사자가 계약을 체결했습니다.
Often Confused With
'계약하다' implies a formal, legally binding agreement, often written. '약속하다' is a promise, which is typically less formal and may be verbal. Using '약속하다' for a situation requiring '계약하다' would understate the commitment.
'협상하다' means 'to negotiate,' which is the process of discussing terms. '계약하다' is the act of finalizing the agreement after negotiation. They are sequential steps.
'체결하다' is a very close synonym, often used in more formal or legal documents to mean 'to conclude' or 'to sign' an agreement. '계약하다' is more common in everyday spoken Korean for general agreements.
Idioms & Expressions
— Literally: to tear up a contract. Figuratively: to break a contract or agreement, often in a dramatic or defiant way.
그는 약속을 어기고 계약서를 찢는 행동을 했다.
Informal, often metaphorical— Literally: to cover up a contract. Figuratively: to finalize and put away a contract, signifying the completion of the agreement process.
모든 서류 작업이 끝나고 계약서를 덮었습니다.
Neutral— Literally: to stamp a seal on a contract. Figuratively: to finalize an agreement, emphasizing the formal act of sealing the deal.
드디어 중요한 계약서에 도장을 찍었습니다.
Neutral— Literally: to sign one's name on a contract. Figuratively: to agree to and finalize a contract.
최종적으로 계약서에 사인하게 되었습니다.
Neutral— A contract is a contract. This emphasizes that an agreement must be honored regardless of circumstances.
아무리 힘들어도 계약은 계약이다. 지켜야 한다.
Assertive, firm— Literally: to take the contract money. Figuratively: to forfeit the down payment, usually by backing out of a contract.
마음이 바뀌어서 계약금을 떼는 수밖에 없었다.
Informal— Contract expiration. This is a common phrase indicating the end of a contract term.
계약 만료일이 다가오고 있습니다.
Formal, neutral— To break or nullify a contract.
상대방이 약속을 지키지 않아 계약을 파기했습니다.
Formal, negative implication— Contract review. The process of examining the terms of a contract.
변호사에게 계약서 검토를 의뢰했습니다.
Formal, neutral— Establishment of a contract. The point at which a contract becomes legally valid.
모든 조건이 충족되어 계약 성립이 확인되었습니다.
Formal, legalEasily Confused
Both involve making an agreement or commitment.
'계약하다' refers to a formal, often written, and legally binding agreement. '약속하다' refers to a promise, which is typically less formal and may be verbal, lacking the same legal weight.
I promised to help my friend move (약속했어요), but I contracted to buy a car (계약했어요).
Both are related to the process of reaching an agreement.
'협상하다' is the act of discussing and negotiating terms to reach an agreement. '계약하다' is the act of finalizing and signing that agreement. Negotiation precedes contracting.
We negotiated the price of the house (집값을 협상했어요) before we contracted for it (계약했어요).
Both mean to finalize an agreement.
'계약하다' is a general term for entering into a contract, commonly used in everyday speech. '체결하다' is often used in more formal, legal, or business contexts, emphasizing the conclusion or signing of the agreement, especially in written documents.
The company contracted for new equipment (새 장비를 계약했어요 - common), but the official document stated the agreement was concluded (계약이 체결되었습니다 - formal).
Can be used with the noun '계약' (contract) to mean making an agreement.
'계약하다' is the direct verb 'to contract'. '계약을 맺다' means 'to form/make a contract', emphasizing the establishment of the agreement. '계약하다' focuses more on the act of signing or formalizing.
We made a contract with a new partner (새 파트너와 계약을 맺었습니다) vs. We contracted with a new partner (새 파트너와 계약했습니다).
Both relate to the lifecycle of a contract.
'계약하다' is the act of entering into a contract. '이행하다' means 'to fulfill' or 'to perform' the obligations stipulated in the contract. One happens at the beginning, the other during the contract's term.
We contracted for the service (서비스를 계약했어요), and now we must fulfill the terms (계약 이행해야 합니다).
Sentence Patterns
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다.
저는 아파트를 계약했어요.
Subject + Party + 와/과 + 계약하다.
그는 회사와 계약했어요.
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다 + -기로 하다.
우리는 다음 달에 계약하기로 했습니다.
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다 + -ㄹ 때.
계약할 때 주의해야 할 점이 많아요.
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다 + -는 경우.
계약하는 경우, 계약금을 먼저 내야 합니다.
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다 + -도록 하다.
모든 직원이 계약하도록 지도하겠습니다.
본 + Object + 은/는 + Subject + 간 + 의 + 권리와 의무를 + 규정하다 (related to 계약하다).
본 계약은 당사자 간의 권리와 의무를 규정합니다.
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 계약하다 + -기 위해.
장기적인 협력을 위해 계약을 체결했습니다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High in contexts related to business, real estate, employment, and legal matters.
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Using '계약하다' for casual promises.
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Using '약속하다' for casual promises.
'계약하다' is for formal, legally binding agreements. '약속하다' is for informal promises. For example, you '약속하다' to meet a friend, but you '계약하다' to buy a car.
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Incorrectly conjugating '계약하다' (e.g., dropping the '하').
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Correct conjugation like '계약했어요' or '계약합니다'.
Remember that '계약하다' follows the conjugation rules for '하다' verbs. Incorrect conjugations can lead to grammatical errors.
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Omitting the object particle when specifying what is contracted.
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Using the object particle '을/를' with the object. Example: 집**을** 계약했어요.
The object of the verb '계약하다' needs to be marked with the object particle for correct sentence structure.
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Confusing '계약하다' with '협상하다'.
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Using '협상하다' for negotiation and '계약하다' for finalizing the agreement.
'협상하다' (to negotiate) is the process of discussing terms. '계약하다' (to contract) is the act of finalizing the agreement after negotiation.
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Using '계약하다' when '체결하다' is more appropriate in formal documents.
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Using '체결하다' in formal legal or business documents.
'체결하다' is a more formal synonym often used in written contracts to mean 'to conclude' or 'to sign'. While '계약하다' is generally understood, '체결하다' adds a layer of formality.
Tips
Formal Agreements Only
Remember that '계약하다' is specifically for formal agreements that are often legally binding. Avoid using it for casual promises or simple understandings. For example, you '계약하다' to buy a house, but you '약속하다' to meet a friend.
Object Particles
When using '계약하다', the thing being contracted for is usually the object and requires the object particle '을/를'. For example, '집**을** 계약하다' (to contract for a house).
Related Nouns
Learn related nouns like '계약서' (contract document), '계약금' (down payment), and '계약 기간' (contract period) to expand your vocabulary and understanding of contractual contexts.
Formal vs. General
'체결하다' is a more formal synonym often used in legal or official documents. Use '계약하다' for general agreements and '체결하다' when emphasizing the formal conclusion of a significant deal.
Stress and Glides
Pay attention to the stress on the first syllable '계' and the glide sound in '약'. Practicing pronunciation will help you be understood clearly when discussing contracts.
Importance of Formalities
In Korean culture, formal agreements are taken very seriously. '계약하다' signifies a significant commitment, and understanding its implications is crucial in business and personal dealings.
Sentence Construction
Practice forming sentences using '계약하다' with different subjects, objects, and verb endings (past, present, future, polite levels) to solidify your understanding and usage.
Distinguishing from Promises
A common mistake is using '계약하다' for casual promises. Always remember '계약하다' implies a formal, legally binding commitment, unlike a simple '약속'.
Real Estate and Employment
You will frequently encounter '계약하다' in discussions about buying/selling property, renting, and employment contracts. Understanding this word is essential for navigating these common life events.
Legal Contexts
In legal contexts, '계약하다' can be used alongside terms like '당사자' (parties), '권리' (rights), and '의무' (obligations) to describe the formal establishment of legal relationships.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone named 'Gye' (계) who is very good at making promises ('yak' - 약). When Gye makes a promise, it's always a formal contract because he's so reliable. So, 'Gye' + 'promise' = '계약하다' (to contract).
Visual Association
Picture two people shaking hands firmly over a signed document, with a large '✓' symbol signifying a completed and binding agreement. The '✓' can represent the '약' (promise) aspect, and the handshake represents the formal contract.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use '계약하다' in sentences describing different types of agreements you might encounter in daily life, such as renting an apartment, signing up for a gym, or agreeing to a freelance project. Focus on using it with the correct object and verb endings.
Word Origin
The word '계약하다' is derived from the Sino-Korean words '契約' (gyeyak) and '하다' (hada). '契約' itself is composed of two Hanja characters: '契' (gye), meaning 'to join,' 'to contract,' or 'to agree,' and '約' (yak), meaning 'to promise,' 'to bind,' or 'agreement.' Together, '契約' signifies a formal agreement or contract.
Original meaning: The core meaning revolves around the act of joining parties through a promise or binding agreement.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
When discussing contracts, it's important to be respectful of the legal implications and the seriousness of the commitment. Avoid using the term lightly for casual promises.
In English-speaking cultures, the concept of 'contracting' is similar, involving legally binding agreements. However, the emphasis on written documentation and the specific legal nuances might differ slightly. The direct translation 'to contract' is widely understood.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Buying or renting a house/apartment.
- 집 계약했어요.
- 부동산 계약은 언제 하세요?
- 월세 계약서 좀 보여주세요.
Starting a new job.
- 고용 계약서에 서명했어요.
- 계약직으로 일하게 되었어요.
- 회사와 계약했어요.
Business negotiations.
- 새로운 파트너와 계약을 맺었습니다.
- 서비스 계약을 체결할 예정입니다.
- 계약 조건을 검토 중입니다.
Signing up for services (phone, internet, gym).
- 휴대폰 계약했어요.
- 헬스장 계약 기간은 1년입니다.
- 인터넷 계약을 새로 했어요.
Legal discussions about agreements.
- 계약 위반 시 어떻게 되나요?
- 계약 해지에 대해 문의하고 싶습니다.
- 이 계약은 법적 효력이 있습니다.
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever had to contract for something important like a house or a job?"
"What are the most crucial terms to look for when you contract for a service?"
"Do you think it's better to have a formal contract or rely on trust?"
"What happens if someone breaks a contract?"
"Can you share a time when you had to negotiate contract terms?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you entered into a significant contract. What was the process like, and what were the key terms?
Imagine you are a real estate agent. Write a short dialogue with a client about contracting for an apartment.
Reflect on the importance of formal contracts in society. Why are they necessary?
If you were to create your own contract for something simple, like borrowing a book from a friend, what would be the main points?
Consider the potential downsides of contracts. When might they cause problems or disputes?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'계약하다' refers to entering into a formal, often written, and legally binding agreement, such as signing a contract for a house or employment. '약속하다' means 'to promise,' which is a less formal, often verbal commitment that may not have the same legal weight. You '계약하다' a business deal but '약속하다' to meet a friend for coffee.
While '계약하다' is used for significant agreements like real estate or employment, it can also apply to more common services that involve formal agreements, such as mobile phone plans, gym memberships, or rental agreements. The key is the formal, often legally binding nature of the commitment.
The most common objects are nouns representing what is being contracted for, such as '집' (house), '아파트' (apartment), '차' (car), '월세' (monthly rent), '고용' (employment), '서비스' (service), and '계약서' (contract document itself, often with verbs like '쓰다' or '검토하다').
You can use '계약하다' which implies signing. More specifically, '계약서에 서명하다' (gyeyakseoe seomyeonghada - to sign the contract document) or the more formal '계약을 체결하다' (gyeyag-eul chegyolhada - to conclude/sign a contract) are also used.
Like other verbs, '계약하다' uses standard Korean verb endings. For past tense informal polite: 계약했**어요**. For future tense formal polite: 계약할 겁니**다**. For present tense formal polite: 계약합니**다**. For present tense informal polite: 계약해**요**.
No, '계약하다' is specifically for formal agreements that are often legally binding. For informal agreements or promises, you would use verbs like '약속하다' (to promise) or '동의하다' (to agree).
The noun form is '계약' (gyeyak), which means 'contract' or 'agreement'. You can also use '계약서' (gyeyakseo) for 'contract document'.
'계약금' (gyeyakgeum) refers to the down payment or contract deposit that is typically paid when entering into a formal agreement, such as buying a house or car, to secure the deal.
You can use '계약을 파기하다' (gyeyag-eul pagihada - to break/nullify a contract) or '계약 위반' (gyeyak wiban - contract violation) to describe a breach of contract.
Yes, '계약하다' is used in international business contexts when Korean companies enter into agreements with foreign entities. More formal terms like '체결하다' might also be used in official international documents.
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Summary
The verb '계약하다' signifies the formal act of entering into a legally binding agreement, such as signing a contract for property, employment, or services.
- To contract or enter into a formal agreement.
- Used for business, real estate, and employment contracts.
- Implies a legally binding arrangement.
- Often involves signing a document.
Formal Agreements Only
Remember that '계약하다' is specifically for formal agreements that are often legally binding. Avoid using it for casual promises or simple understandings. For example, you '계약하다' to buy a house, but you '약속하다' to meet a friend.
Object Particles
When using '계약하다', the thing being contracted for is usually the object and requires the object particle '을/를'. For example, '집**을** 계약하다' (to contract for a house).
Related Nouns
Learn related nouns like '계약서' (contract document), '계약금' (down payment), and '계약 기간' (contract period) to expand your vocabulary and understanding of contractual contexts.
Formal vs. General
'체결하다' is a more formal synonym often used in legal or official documents. Use '계약하다' for general agreements and '체결하다' when emphasizing the formal conclusion of a significant deal.
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This Word in Other Languages
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주 5일제
A2A system where one works five days a week, typically Monday to Friday.
결근
A2Absence from work; not being present at work.
결근하다
A2To be absent from work.
추상적이다
A2To be abstract.
출입증
A2ID card, access card.
회계
B1The systematic recording and reporting of financial transactions.
경리
A2Accounting or bookkeeping, managing financial records.
업적
B1A notable achievement or accomplishment.
적극적이다
A2To be active, to be proactive.
적극적으로
B1In an active, proactive, or enthusiastic manner.
