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B2 verb #5,000 most common 9 min read

배양하다

baeyanghada
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 배양하다 in 30 Seconds
Explanation 배양하다 in your Level:
This level is too basic for the word '배양하다'. Learners at A1 focus on fundamental greetings, simple questions, and basic vocabulary for everyday objects and actions. The concept of controlled growth or nurturing abstract qualities is beyond their scope.
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At the A2 level, learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). While they might grasp the idea of 'growing' something, the specific term '배양하다' and its nuanced meanings (scientific, metaphorical) are generally too advanced. They might use simpler verbs like '자라다' (to grow) or '만들다' (to make).
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B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They might begin to encounter '배양하다' in more general metaphorical contexts, like 'nurturing a talent' or 'growing a business,' but the scientific meaning would still be challenging. They would likely use simpler verbs for abstract concepts.
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B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. This is where '배양하다' becomes truly accessible, particularly its metaphorical use for developing skills, character, and environments. The scientific meaning is also within reach.
C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They will fully grasp the nuances of '배양하다', including its technical and literary uses, and be able to employ it correctly in sophisticated contexts.
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C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. At this level, '배양하다' is fully mastered, and its subtle distinctions from similar words are understood and applied with precision.
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Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

배양하다 in 30 Seconds

  • Cultivate or culture in a controlled environment (literal).
  • Develop or nurture abilities, character, or abstract qualities (metaphorical).
  • Requires deliberate effort and a nurturing process.
  • Used in science, education, business, and personal development.
Literal Meaning
To grow or reproduce microorganisms, cells, or plants in a carefully controlled environment. This is a scientific and technical term.
Metaphorical Meaning
To develop, nurture, or foster something, such as abilities, character, emotions, or even social movements, over time through consistent effort and care. This is a more abstract and commonly used meaning in everyday language.

In a laboratory, scientists use special equipment to 배양하다 bacteria for research purposes. (실험실에서 과학자들은 연구 목적으로 박테리아를 배양하다.)

Parents strive to 배양하다 their children's creativity and critical thinking skills from a young age. (부모는 어릴 때부터 자녀의 창의력과 비판적 사고 능력을 배양하다 위해 노력합니다.)

The teacher aimed to 배양하다 a love for reading in her students. (그 선생님은 학생들에게 독서에 대한 사랑을 배양하다 것을 목표로 삼았습니다.)

Scientific Context
In biology, chemistry, and medicine, '배양하다' refers to the process of growing microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or viruses, or cultivating cells, tissues, or organs in a laboratory setting. This involves providing a suitable growth medium, temperature, and other conditions necessary for survival and reproduction. For example, doctors might 배양하다 a blood sample to identify an infection.
Agricultural Context
In agriculture, it can also refer to the cultivation of plants, especially in greenhouses or nurseries, to produce seedlings or specific varieties. This ensures optimal growth conditions are met. For instance, farmers might 배양하다 rare orchid species.
Abstract and Figurative Use
Beyond the literal, '배양하다' is frequently used to describe the deliberate and sustained effort to develop or foster abstract qualities in people, groups, or even abstract concepts. This includes developing character, skills, talents, attitudes, relationships, or a specific atmosphere. It implies a conscious process of nurturing and growth, similar to how a gardener tends to a plant. Examples include nurturing talent, fostering a positive work environment, or developing a strong sense of community.

The company culture encourages employees to 배양하다 innovative ideas. (그 회사의 문화는 직원들이 혁신적인 아이디어를 배양하다 것을 장려합니다.)

Literal Usage (Scientific/Agricultural)
This usage is common in academic papers, scientific journals, and specialized agricultural contexts. It's about the physical process of growing something in a controlled environment. The subject is often a scientist, researcher, or farmer, and the object is the organism or plant being grown.

To study the effects of the new drug, researchers needed to 배양하다 a large quantity of cancer cells. (새로운 약물의 효과를 연구하기 위해 연구원들은 다량의 암세포를 배양하다 필요가 있었습니다.)

Metaphorical Usage (Development/Nurturing)
This is the more frequent and versatile usage. It's used in discussions about education, personal development, management, psychology, and social commentary. The subject is often an individual, group, institution, or even society, and the object is an abstract quality, skill, or characteristic. The focus is on intentional effort to foster growth.

A good leader should 배양하다 a sense of trust and collaboration among team members. (좋은 리더는 팀원들 사이에 신뢰감과 협동심을 배양하다 해야 합니다.)

It takes time and consistent effort to 배양하다 a healthy relationship. (건강한 관계를 배양하다 데는 시간과 꾸준한 노력이 필요합니다.)

The educational program was designed to 배양하다 problem-solving skills in students. (그 교육 프로그램은 학생들의 문제 해결 능력을 배양하다 있도록 설계되었습니다.)

Grammar Note
'배양하다' is a verb. It conjugates like other Korean verbs. For example, in the present tense, it becomes '배양합니다' (formal) or '배양해요' (standard polite). In the past tense, it becomes '배양했습니다' or '배양했어요'. When used to describe an ongoing action, it can be combined with '-고 있다' (e.g., '배양하고 있습니다').

We are actively 배양하고 있습니다 a positive and inclusive work environment. (우리는 긍정적이고 포용적인 업무 환경을 적극적으로 배양하고 있습니다.)

Scientific and Medical Discussions
You will frequently encounter '배양하다' in contexts related to biology, medicine, genetics, and microbiology. This includes lectures, research papers, news reports on scientific breakthroughs, and discussions among healthcare professionals or students. For instance, a news report might discuss a new method to 배양하다 stem cells.

The documentary explained how scientists 배양하다 viruses in a lab to develop vaccines. (다큐멘터리는 과학자들이 백신을 개발하기 위해 실험실에서 바이러스를 어떻게 배양하다는지를 설명했습니다.)

Educational Settings
In educational contexts, especially when discussing child development, pedagogy, or personal growth, '배양하다' is used to talk about nurturing children's talents, instilling values, or fostering intellectual curiosity. Teachers and educational theorists might use this word when discussing their methods.

The school's mission is to 배양하다 well-rounded individuals with strong ethical foundations. (그 학교의 사명은 강력한 윤리적 기초를 가진 균형 잡힌 개인을 배양하다 것입니다.)

Business and Management
In the corporate world, it's used when talking about developing employee skills, fostering a positive company culture, nurturing leadership qualities, or cultivating innovation. You might hear it in team meetings, leadership training sessions, or company vision statements.

A key aspect of effective management is to 배양하다 a culture of continuous improvement. (효과적인 경영의 핵심 측면은 지속적인 개선 문화를 배양하다 것입니다.)

Personal Development and Self-Help
In books, articles, and discussions about personal growth, people often talk about the need to 배양하다 positive habits, resilience, patience, or a specific mindset. It's about consciously cultivating desirable traits within oneself.

To achieve long-term goals, one must 배양하다 discipline and perseverance. (장기적인 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 훈련과 인내심을 배양하다 해야 합니다.)

Confusing Literal and Metaphorical Usage
A common mistake for learners is to only associate '배양하다' with scientific contexts. While it is a core term there, its metaphorical use for nurturing and developing qualities is much more widespread in everyday conversation and writing. Forgetting this figurative meaning limits understanding and application.

Incorrect: The teacher tried to 배양하다 a new idea in the student's mind. (This sounds too literal, like growing a physical entity.)

Correct: The teacher tried to 키우다 (foster/nurture) or 심어주다 (instill) a new idea in the student's mind.

Overusing it for Simple Growth
'배양하다' implies a more deliberate and sustained process of nurturing and development than simple growth or creation. Using it for casual or spontaneous growth can sound unnatural. For instance, you wouldn't typically say you '배양하다' a friendship that just happened to form; you might say you '키우다' (nurture) or '발전시키다' (develop) it.

Incorrect: I 배양했어요 a new hobby last week. (This suggests a more involved, long-term process than simply picking up a new hobby.)

Correct: I recently took up a new hobby. (새로운 취미를 시작했어요.) Or, if it's about developing a passion: I'm trying to 키우다 (nurture) my passion for photography.

Incorrect Translation Choices
Directly translating '배양하다' as 'cultivate' or 'culture' in every situation can be misleading. While 'cultivate' works well for abstract qualities, 'culture' is almost exclusively used for microorganisms. For plant growth, '재배하다' (cultivate/grow crops) is often more appropriate than '배양하다'.

Incorrect: We need to culture a positive team spirit. ('Culture' in English strongly implies microorganisms here.)

Correct: We need to foster or cultivate a positive team spirit.

Incorrect: The farmer 배양하다 rice in his field. (While technically possible in a greenhouse setting for seedlings, it's not the standard term for growing crops.)

Correct: The farmer 재배하다 (cultivates/grows) rice in his field.

키우다 (kiuda) - To raise, grow, foster
This is a very general word that can mean to raise a child or pet, to grow plants, or to foster something abstract like a relationship or a skill. It's more common and less formal than '배양하다' for abstract concepts. '배양하다' often implies a more scientific or deliberate process of nurturing, while '키우다' can be more general.
Example:
배양하다: The organization aims to 배양하다 leadership skills in young adults. (Focus on deliberate development of a specific trait.)
키우다: She is raising her children with great love and care. (그녀는 아이들을 큰 사랑과 보살핌으로 키우고 있습니다.) (General raising/nurturing.)
기르다 (gireuda) - To raise, grow, cultivate
Similar to '키우다', '기르다' also means to raise or grow. It's often used for raising children, growing plants, or cultivating abstract qualities like courage or patience. It's slightly more formal than '키우다' in some contexts. '배양하다' is more specific to scientific cultivation or intensive nurturing of specific characteristics.
Example:
배양하다: The lab is working to 배양하다 a new strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (Scientific context.)
기르다: He learned to 기르다 patience through meditation. (He learned to cultivate patience through meditation.) (Cultivating an abstract quality.)
함양하다 (hamyanghada) - To cultivate, foster, improve (character, virtue)
This word is specifically used for cultivating moral character, virtues, or refined qualities. It's more formal and literary than '배양하다' when referring to personal character. '배양하다' can be used for a broader range of abstract qualities, including skills and intellect, not just moral virtues.
Example:
배양하다: The program aims to 배양하다 creativity and critical thinking. (Focus on intellectual and artistic development.)
함양하다: It is important to 함양하다 a sense of justice and fairness. (Emphasis on moral and ethical cultivation.)
육성하다 (yuksseonghada) - To foster, nurture, develop (talents, industries)
This term is often used for fostering talents, supporting industries, or nurturing young people with potential. It has a strong connotation of active support and development, often by an organization or government. '배양하다' can be a part of '육성하다' but '육성하다' is a broader concept of promotion and support.
Example:
배양하다: They are trying to 배양하다 a new generation of scientists. (Focus on developing their scientific capabilities.)
육성하다: The government is investing heavily to 육성하다 the startup ecosystem. (Focus on fostering and supporting the growth of startups.)
재배하다 (jaebaéhada) - To cultivate, grow (plants, crops)
This is the standard verb for cultivating plants and crops in agriculture. While '배양하다' can be used for growing plants in a laboratory setting (like seedlings or specific varieties under controlled conditions), '재배하다' is used for general farming and agriculture. They are not interchangeable in this context.
Example:
배양하다: The botanist carefully 배양하다 rare medicinal herbs in a sterile environment. (Controlled lab growth.)
재배하다: Farmers in this region primarily 재배하다 rice and barley. (General agriculture.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character '양' (養) in '배양' also appears in words related to raising and caring for living things, such as '양육하다' (to raise children) and '양돈' (pig farming), highlighting the core concept of nurturing life and growth. The character '배' (培) is used in words related to building up or cultivating, like '기반을 배양하다' (to foster a foundation).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /pɛːˈjɑːŋ.ɦɑ.da/
US /pɛˈjɑŋ.ɦɑ.da/
The stress generally falls on the first syllable, '배' (bae), and to a lesser extent on the second syllable, '양' (yang).
Rhymes With
양 강 방 장 창 탕 팡 항 상 잠 밤 탐 감 담
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing '배' (bae) as 'be' (like in 'bed'). It should be a more open sound.
  • Not aspirating the initial 'ㅂ' (b) sound, making it sound too much like an English 'p'.
  • Incorrectly stressing the final syllable '다' (da).

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Understanding '배양하다' in scientific texts requires specialized vocabulary. In general texts, the metaphorical meaning is more accessible, but still requires understanding nuanced development and nurturing concepts. It's generally considered B2-level reading material.

Writing 4/5

Using '배양하다' correctly in writing requires careful consideration of context, especially distinguishing between literal and metaphorical uses, and choosing appropriate synonyms. Overuse or misuse can sound unnatural.

Speaking 4/5

Speaking fluently with '배양하다' involves understanding its various applications and nuances. Learners might default to simpler verbs like '키우다' or '만들다' unless they are comfortable with more advanced vocabulary.

Listening 4/5

Recognizing '배양하다' in spoken Korean depends heavily on the context. Scientific lectures or formal discussions will use it frequently, while casual conversations might use simpler alternatives.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

자라다 (jarada) - to grow 만들다 (mandeulda) - to make 키우다 (kiuda) - to raise, to grow 영향 (yeonghyang) - influence 발전 (baljeon) - development

Learn Next

함양하다 (hamyanghada) - to cultivate character 육성하다 (yuksseonghada) - to foster talents/industries 재배하다 (jaebaéhada) - to cultivate crops 양성하다 (yangseonghada) - to train, to educate (people)

Advanced

체외 배양 (cheoe baeyang) - in vitro culture 세포 배양액 (sep'o baeyang-aek) - cell culture medium 조직 배양 (jojik baeyang) - tissue culture 균주 배양 (gyunju baeyang) - strain culture

Grammar to Know

Using the passive form ('-되다' or '-지다') with '배양하다'.

이 세포는 특별한 배지에서 배양되었습니다. (These cells were cultured in a special medium.)

Using '-도록' to indicate the purpose or result of cultivation.

아이들이 스스로 생각하도록 배양해야 합니다. (We must cultivate them so they think for themselves.)

Using '-기 위해' to express the purpose of cultivation.

새로운 치료법을 개발하기 위해 약물 내성을 가진 균주를 배양하는 연구를 합니다. (We conduct research to culture drug-resistant strains to develop new treatments.)

Nominalizing the verb with '-는 것' to use it as a noun phrase.

건강한 식습관을 배양하는 것이 중요합니다. (Cultivating healthy eating habits is important.)

Using '-고 있다' to show an ongoing process of cultivation.

연구팀은 새로운 단백질을 배양하고 있습니다. (The research team is culturing a new protein.)

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Examples by Level

1

그 선생님은 학생들의 창의력을 배양하다 노력을 기울였습니다.

The teacher made efforts to nurture the students' creativity.

Emphasis on 'nurture' for abstract quality.

2

새로운 사업 아이디어를 배양하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to foster new business ideas.

Using the '-는 것' nominalizer with the verb.

3

건강한 습관을 배양하는 데 시간이 걸립니다.

It takes time to cultivate healthy habits.

Focus on the process of cultivation.

4

우리는 긍정적인 분위기를 배양해야 합니다.

We must foster a positive atmosphere.

'-해야 하다' for obligation/necessity.

5

그는 자신의 재능을 배양하기 위해 열심히 연습했습니다.

He practiced hard to cultivate his talent.

Using '-기 위해' (in order to).

6

이 프로젝트는 팀워크를 배양하는 데 도움이 될 것입니다.

This project will help foster teamwork.

Using '-는 데 도움이 되다' (to be helpful in doing).

7

과학자들은 실험실에서 미생물을 배양합니다.

Scientists culture microorganisms in the laboratory.

Literal, scientific meaning.

8

어릴 때부터 좋은 인성을 배양하는 것이 중요해요.

It's important to cultivate good character from childhood.

Metaphorical use for character development.

1

이 교육 프로그램은 학생들의 비판적 사고 능력을 배양하는 데 중점을 둡니다.

This educational program focuses on cultivating students' critical thinking skills.

Focus on 'cultivating' specific cognitive skills.

2

회사는 직원들의 전문성을 배양하기 위한 다양한 연수 프로그램을 제공합니다.

The company offers various training programs to foster employees' professionalism.

Nurturing professional expertise.

3

성공적인 관계는 상호 존중과 이해를 바탕으로 배양되어야 합니다.

Successful relationships must be cultivated based on mutual respect and understanding.

Passive voice '-되어야 하다' (must be cultivated).

4

연구진은 새로운 백신 개발을 위해 바이러스 균주를 배양하는 데 성공했습니다.

The research team succeeded in culturing a virus strain for new vaccine development.

Literal, scientific application.

5

그 작가는 독자들의 상상력을 배양하는 독특한 글쓰기 스타일을 가지고 있습니다.

The author has a unique writing style that cultivates readers' imagination.

Fostering imagination through art.

6

사회는 시민들의 공동체 의식을 배양하는 데 힘써야 합니다.

Society must strive to foster a sense of community among its citizens.

Cultivating social consciousness.

7

이 식물은 특정 온도와 습도에서만 배양될 수 있습니다.

This plant can only be cultured under specific temperatures and humidity.

Passive voice '-될 수 있다' (can be cultured).

8

리더는 팀원들의 잠재력을 배양하고 동기를 부여해야 합니다.

A leader must nurture team members' potential and motivate them.

Combining '배양하다' with another verb using '-고'.

1

이 연구는 인간 세포를 체외에서 배양하는 새로운 기술을 제시합니다.

This research presents a new technique for culturing human cells in vitro.

Precise scientific terminology.

2

예술 교육은 아동의 미적 감수성을 함양하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.

Art education plays a crucial role in fostering children's aesthetic sensibilities.

Nuanced use of 'aesthetic sensibilities'.

3

그 기업은 혁신적인 사고를 배양하는 조직 문화를 구축하는 데 성공했습니다.

The company succeeded in building an organizational culture that fosters innovative thinking.

Focus on organizational culture and innovation.

4

역사적 맥락 속에서 민족적 정체성을 배양하는 과정은 복잡합니다.

The process of cultivating national identity within a historical context is complex.

Abstract concept applied to national identity.

5

이 생명공학 기술은 희귀 식물 종을 배양하여 보존하는 데 기여합니다.

This biotechnology contributes to conserving rare plant species by culturing them.

Combining '배양하다' with '-하여' (by doing).

6

그의 연설은 청중의 애국심을 고취시키고 더 나아가 공동의 목표를 배양하도록 이끌었습니다.

His speech inspired patriotism in the audience and further led them to cultivate common goals.

Using '-도록 이끌다' (to lead to do) and a related verb '고취시키다' (inspire).

7

정밀 의학 분야에서는 환자 맞춤형 세포를 배양하는 연구가 활발히 진행 중입니다.

In the field of precision medicine, research on culturing patient-specific cells is actively underway.

Highly specific technical context.

8

다양한 문화적 배경을 가진 사람들과의 교류를 통해 편견 없는 시각을 배양하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to cultivate an unprejudiced perspective through interaction with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Cultivating a perspective through interaction.

1

이 생화학적 과정은 특정 효소의 활성을 배양하는 데 필수적입니다.

This biochemical process is essential for culturing the activity of specific enzymes.

Highly technical biochemical terminology.

2

그의 철학은 인간의 이성을 연마하고 도덕적 완성을 배양하는 것을 궁극적인 목표로 삼았습니다.

His philosophy aimed at refining human reason and cultivating moral perfection as its ultimate goal.

Philosophical context, combining with '연마하다' (to polish/refine).

3

지속 가능한 농업을 위해서는 토양의 미생물 생태계를 건강하게 배양하는 것이 선결 과제입니다.

For sustainable agriculture, healthily cultivating the soil's microbial ecosystem is a prerequisite.

Ecological and agricultural context, using '선결 과제' (prerequisite).

4

인공지능의 발전은 인간의 창의성과 협업 능력을 보완하고 새로운 차원으로 배양하는 잠재력을 지니고 있습니다.

The development of artificial intelligence has the potential to complement human creativity and collaboration skills, and cultivate them to a new dimension.

Discussing AI's impact on human capabilities.

5

이 고고학적 발굴은 고대 문명의 종교적 신념 체계를 탐구하고 그들의 세계관을 배양하는 데 중요한 단서를 제공합니다.

This archaeological excavation provides important clues for exploring the religious belief systems of ancient civilizations and cultivating their worldview.

Interpreting and understanding ancient worldviews.

6

미래 사회는 개인의 잠재력을 극대화하고 사회 전체의 공익을 증진시키는 방향으로 인재를 육성해야 합니다.

Future society must foster talent in a direction that maximizes individual potential and promotes the public good of society as a whole.

Using '육성하다' (foster/develop talent) in conjunction with public good.

7

이론적으로는 세포 배양액의 조성을 최적화하여 특정 세포의 증식을 극대화할 수 있습니다.

Theoretically, the proliferation of specific cells can be maximized by optimizing the composition of the cell culture medium.

Highly technical, theoretical explanation of cell culture.

8

긍정적인 시민 의식을 함양하고 민주적 가치를 체화하는 교육 시스템 구축이 시급합니다.

It is urgent to establish an educational system that cultivates positive civic consciousness and embodies democratic values.

Using '함양하다' (cultivate virtue) and '체화하다' (embody).

Common Collocations

세포를 배양하다
미생물을 배양하다
능력을 배양하다
인성을 배양하다
사고력을 배양하다
리더십을 배양하다
창의력을 배양하다
긍정적인 태도를 배양하다
식물을 배양하다
문화적 소양을 배양하다

Common Phrases

세포를 배양하다

— To culture cells, typically in a laboratory setting for scientific or medical research.

연구원들은 새로운 약물 개발을 위해 다양한 종류의 세포를 배양하고 있습니다.

미생물을 배양하다

— To culture microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, often for study or industrial purposes.

식품 안전 검사를 위해 샘플에서 유해한 미생물을 배양하는 과정이 필요합니다.

능력을 배양하다

— To nurture or develop one's abilities or skills.

이 교육 과정은 참가자들의 리더십 능력을 배양하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

인성을 배양하다

— To cultivate good character or moral qualities in oneself or others.

부모는 자녀의 올바른 인성을 배양하기 위해 노력해야 합니다.

사고력을 배양하다

— To foster or develop one's thinking abilities, such as critical thinking or analytical skills.

토론 수업은 학생들의 비판적 사고력을 배양하는 데 효과적입니다.

창의력을 배양하다

— To nurture and stimulate creativity.

예술 활동은 아이들의 창의력을 배양하는 데 큰 도움이 됩니다.

긍정적인 태도를 배양하다

— To cultivate a positive outlook or mindset.

어려움 속에서도 긍정적인 태도를 배양하는 것은 정신 건강에 매우 중요합니다.

리더십을 배양하다

— To develop leadership qualities.

이 프로그램은 잠재적인 리더들의 리더십을 배양하는 데 중점을 둡니다.

환경을 배양하다

— To foster or create a specific type of environment (e.g., a learning environment, a growth environment).

교사는 학생들이 학습에 집중할 수 있는 긍정적인 학습 환경을 배양하기 위해 노력했습니다.

균을 배양하다

— To culture bacteria or germs, often in a medical or research context.

의사는 환자의 감염 원인을 파악하기 위해 소변 검체에서 균을 배양했습니다.

Often Confused With

배양하다 vs 키우다 (kiuda)

'키우다' is a more general term for 'to raise' or 'to grow.' While it can overlap with the metaphorical meaning of '배양하다' (e.g., nurturing a talent), '배양하다' implies a more deliberate, controlled, and often scientific or intensive process of development.

배양하다 vs 재배하다 (jaebaéhada)

'재배하다' specifically refers to cultivating crops or plants in agriculture. '배양하다' is used for growing plants in a controlled laboratory environment (like seedlings or specific species) or for microorganisms and cells.

배양하다 vs 함양하다 (hamyanghada)

'함양하다' is used specifically for cultivating moral character, virtues, or refined qualities, often in a formal or literary context. '배양하다' is broader and can apply to skills, intellect, and abstract ideas beyond just moral virtues.

Idioms & Expressions

"씨앗을 뿌리다"

— Literally 'to sow seeds,' this idiom means to lay the foundation for something or to plant the initial idea or effort that will lead to future growth or development. It's similar to the initial stage of '배양하다'.

그의 노력은 미래의 성공을 위한 씨앗을 뿌린 것이었다.

General
"정성을 기울이다"

— To put one's heart and soul into something, to devote sincere effort and care. This idiom emphasizes the diligent effort required for '배양하다'.

그녀는 자신의 예술 작품에 정성을 기울여 결국 걸작을 완성했다.

General
"물을 주다"

— Literally 'to give water,' this idiom can metaphorically mean to nurture or support something to help it grow, similar to the nurturing aspect of '배양하다'.

그의 격려는 제 꿈에 물을 주는 것 같았습니다.

General
"뿌리를 내리다"

— Literally 'to take root,' this idiom means for something to become established and firm, to grow deep. It signifies the successful development and establishment phase, which is the result of '배양하다'.

새로운 문화가 이 땅에 뿌리를 내리기까지는 많은 시간이 걸렸다.

General
"싹을 틔우다"

— Literally 'to sprout,' this idiom refers to the very beginning of growth or development, the emergence of potential. It's the nascent stage that '배양하다' aims to foster.

그의 아이디어는 아직 어렸지만, 곧 큰 성공의 싹을 틔울 것이다.

General
"열매를 맺다"

— Literally 'to bear fruit,' this idiom signifies the successful outcome or result of efforts, the achievement of goals after a period of growth and nurturing. It's the culmination of '배양하다'.

그들의 꾸준한 노력은 마침내 값진 열매를 맺었다.

General
"기반을 다지다"

— To solidify the foundation or base for something. This is crucial for '배양하다' as a strong base is needed for growth.

성공적인 경력을 위해서는 탄탄한 기초를 다지는 것이 필수적이다.

General
"씨를 말리다"

— Literally 'to dry up the seeds,' this idiom means to eradicate something completely, to destroy it thoroughly. It is the direct opposite of '배양하다' which is about growth and cultivation.

그들은 악의 세력을 완전히 씨를 말리려고 했다.

General
"물을 엎지르다"

— Literally 'to spill water,' this idiom means to make an irreversible mistake or to ruin something. It is the opposite of nurturing and caring for something.

한순간의 실수로 모든 노력이 물을 엎질러 버렸다.

General
"꽃을 피우다"

— Literally 'to make flowers bloom,' this idiom refers to bringing something to its full potential or realizing its beauty and excellence. It signifies the flourishing stage that results from careful cultivation.

그녀의 재능은 마침내 무대 위에서 활짝 꽃을 피웠다.

General

Easily Confused

배양하다 vs 키우다

Both words can mean 'to grow' or 'to nurture.'

'배양하다' implies a more scientific, controlled, or intensive process of growth and development. It's often used for microorganisms, cells, or abstract qualities that require deliberate effort and specific conditions. '키우다' is more general and can refer to raising children, growing plants broadly, or developing relationships in a less controlled manner.

과학자는 실험실에서 박테리아를 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양했다</mark>. (Scientist cultured bacteria in lab - specific/controlled) vs. 그녀는 아이들을 사랑으로 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>키웠다</mark>. (She raised children with love - general nurturing).

배양하다 vs 재배하다

Both words relate to growing things.

'배양하다' is typically used for laboratory cultivation of cells, microorganisms, or delicate seedlings under precise conditions. '재배하다' is the standard term for cultivating crops or plants in fields or gardens for agricultural purposes. You wouldn't '재배하다' bacteria, nor would you usually '배양하다' a field of rice.

농부는 논에서 벼를 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>재배한다</mark>. (Farmer cultivates rice in a paddy field.) vs. 식물학자는 희귀 식물을 실험실에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양했다</mark>. (Botanist cultured a rare plant in the lab.)

배양하다 vs 함양하다

Both refer to cultivating abstract qualities.

'함양하다' is specifically used for cultivating moral character, virtues, ethical qualities, or refined sensibilities (e.g., aesthetic sensibility). It's often more formal and literary. '배양하다' is broader and can be used for cultivating skills, intellect, creativity, attitudes, or even creating a specific atmosphere, not limited to moral virtues.

우리는 정의로운 사회를 위해 시민 의식을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>함양해야</mark> 한다. (We must cultivate civic consciousness for a just society - moral virtue.) vs. 이 프로그램은 학생들의 문제 해결 능력을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하는</mark> 것을 목표로 한다. (This program aims to cultivate students' problem-solving skills - broader skill development.)

배양하다 vs 육성하다

Both involve fostering and developing something.

'육성하다' is often used when an entity (like a government, company, or organization) actively supports and promotes the development of talents, industries, or young potential. It implies a broader strategy of nurturing and advancement. '배양하다' can be a part of this process, focusing on the specific cultivation of individual elements, but '육성하다' is the overarching goal of fostering growth and development on a larger scale.

정부는 첨단 산업을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>육성하기</mark> 위해 투자하고 있다. (The government is investing to foster advanced industries - broad support.) vs. 우리는 젊은 과학자들의 연구 능력을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양해야</mark> 한다. (We must cultivate the research abilities of young scientists - specific skill development within the broader goal of fostering scientists.)

배양하다 vs 발전시키다

Both mean to develop or improve.

'발전시키다' means to develop or improve something in a general sense, implying progress and advancement. It doesn't necessarily involve a nurturing or controlled growth process. '배양하다' specifically implies a process of careful cultivation, growth, and nurturing, often in a controlled environment or with deliberate effort.

이 기술은 빠르게 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>발전하고</mark> 있다. (This technology is rapidly developing - general progress.) vs. 우리는 아이들의 잠재력을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양해야</mark> 한다. (We must cultivate children's potential - implies nurturing and dedicated effort.)

Sentence Patterns

B1

Subject + Object + 을/를 + 배양하다.

그는 자신의 재능을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양했다</mark>.

B1

Object + 을/를 + 배양하는 + 것 + 이/가 + 중요하다.

건강한 습관을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하는</mark> 것이 중요하다.

B2

Subject + Object + 을/를 + 배양하기 + 위해 + Verb.

회사는 직원의 능력을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하기</mark> 위해 교육을 제공한다.

B2

Object + 이/가 + (환경/조건) + 에서 + 배양되다.

이 박테리아는 특정 온도에서만 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양된다</mark>.

B2

Subject + Object + 을/를 + 배양하다 + -도록 + Verb.

부모는 자녀의 창의력을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하도록</mark> 도와야 한다.

C1

Subject + Object + 을/를 + 배양하는 + 과정 + 은/는 + Complex Noun Phrase.

인간의 지성을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하는</mark> 과정은 복잡한 신경학적 메커니즘을 포함한다.

C1

Noun + (Context) + 에서 + Noun + 을/를 + 배양하다.

이 생명공학 연구실에서는 희귀 식물 종을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하여</mark> 보존한다.

C2

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 의 + 생존/활성 + 을/를 + 배양하다.

이 배양액은 특정 효소의 활성을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배양하는</mark> 데 최적화되어 있다.

Word Family

Nouns

배양 (baeyang) - cultivation, culture
배양액 (baeyang-aek) - culture medium
배양기 (baeyang-gi) - incubator

Verbs

배양하다 (baeyanghada) - to cultivate, to culture, to nurture

Related

세포 (sep'o) - cell
미생물 (misaengmul) - microorganism
균 (gyun) - germ, bacteria
식물 (sikmul) - plant
능력 (neungnyeok) - ability, capability
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How to Use It

frequency

Medium to High, depending on the domain. Very high in scientific/medical contexts, medium in educational/personal development contexts.

Common Mistakes
  • Using '배양하다' for general growth or making things. → Using '키우다' (to raise/grow) or '만들다' (to make) for less controlled or less deliberate processes.

    '배양하다' implies a specific, often scientific or intensive, process of controlled growth and nurturing. Using it for casual creation or general growth sounds unnatural. For example, you wouldn't say you '배양하다' a friendship; you'd say you '키우다' it.

  • Confusing the literal scientific meaning with the metaphorical one. → Translating '배양하다' as 'culture' or 'cultivate' in scientific contexts, and 'nurture,' 'foster,' or 'develop' in metaphorical contexts.

    While 'cultivate' can work for both, 'culture' in English strongly implies microorganisms or cells. For abstract qualities, 'nurture' or 'foster' are better English equivalents. Misinterpreting the context can lead to awkward or incorrect translations.

  • Using '배양하다' for farming. → Using '재배하다' for cultivating crops or plants in agriculture.

    '배양하다' is for controlled laboratory growth. '재배하다' is the standard verb for growing plants and crops in fields. Using '배양하다' for farming sounds incorrect.

  • Overusing '배양하다' when simpler verbs suffice. → Using simpler, more common verbs like '키우다' or '발전시키다' when the nuance of deliberate, controlled cultivation isn't strictly necessary.

    '배양하다' carries a specific weight of careful nurturing and development. In casual conversation, simpler verbs are often preferred. For instance, instead of 'I am cultivating my interest in photography,' one might say 'I am developing my interest in photography' or 'I am nurturing my interest in photography.'

  • Confusing '배양하다' with '함양하다' for moral character. → Using '함양하다' for cultivating moral virtues and ethical qualities, and '배양하다' for broader character development, skills, or intellect.

    '함양하다' is specifically focused on moral cultivation and is more formal. '배양하다' is broader. While '배양하다' can apply to character, '함양하다' is more precise for ethical and virtuous development.

Tips

Look for Scientific Terms

If you see words like '세포' (cell), '미생물' (microorganism), '균' (germ), '실험실' (laboratory), or '배지' (medium), it's highly likely that '배양하다' is being used in its literal, scientific sense. This is a strong indicator for translation.

Identify Abstract Nouns

When '배양하다' is followed by abstract nouns like '능력' (ability), '인성' (character), '사고력' (thinking ability), '창의력' (creativity), '태도' (attitude), or '문화' (culture), it's almost certainly being used metaphorically to mean 'to nurture' or 'to foster'.

Recognize Deliberate Effort

'배양하다' emphasizes a process that requires time, care, and deliberate effort. It's not usually used for things that happen spontaneously or quickly. Think of it as 'actively growing' or 'intentionally nurturing'.

Consider '키우다' and '함양하다'

If '배양하다' sounds too strong or specific, consider if '키우다' (general nurturing) or '함양하다' (cultivating moral character) might be more appropriate. The choice depends on the exact nuance and formality.

Note the Verb Form

The active form ('배양하다') implies someone or something is doing the cultivating. The passive form ('배양되다') means something is being cultivated or grown. This distinction is crucial for understanding who or what is performing the action.

Choose Appropriate English Equivalents

For literal use, 'culture' or 'grow (in a controlled environment)' are good translations. For metaphorical use, 'nurture,' 'foster,' 'cultivate,' or 'develop' are effective, depending on the specific quality being discussed.

Create Your Own Sentences

The best way to master '배양하다' is to actively use it. Try writing sentences describing scientific processes, educational goals, or personal development efforts. This reinforces your understanding of its various applications.

Explore Related Terms

Learning related nouns like '배양액' (culture medium) or '배양기' (incubator) can provide further context and reinforce the meaning of '배양하다'.

Distinguish from Similar Verbs

Pay attention to the subtle differences between '배양하다', '키우다', '재배하다', '함양하다', and '육성하다'. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the most precise verb for your intended meaning.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a scientist in a lab, carefully 'baking' (배 - sounds like 'bake') a 'yang' (양) of bacteria in a special incubator. They are 'cultivating' it. Or, think of a gardener 'baking' (배) a 'yang' (양) of delicate plants, nurturing them to grow.

Visual Association

Picture a petri dish with glowing bacteria or a lush greenhouse filled with carefully tended plants. Associate the image with the act of '배양하다'. For the metaphorical meaning, imagine a teacher nurturing a child's mind or a coach developing an athlete's skills.

Word Web

Cultivate Culture Nurture Foster Develop Grow (in controlled environment) Lab work Science Medicine Education Skills Character Talent Potential Careful growth Deliberate process

Challenge

Try to use '배양하다' in three different sentences: one literal (scientific), one metaphorical (personal development), and one metaphorical (societal/organizational).

Word Origin

The word '배양하다' is derived from Sino-Korean characters. '배양' (培養) itself is composed of '배' (培) meaning 'to cultivate, to foster, to plant' and '양' (養) meaning 'to raise, to nourish, to rear'. Together, they literally mean 'to foster and raise' or 'to cultivate and nourish'. The verb ending '-하다' is added to form the verb.

Original meaning: The original meaning points towards the careful nurturing and raising of something, particularly living organisms or crops, to promote growth and well-being.

Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)

Cultural Context

The term is generally neutral and widely applicable across various fields. However, when discussing the metaphorical use for character development, it's important to ensure the context is appropriate and respectful, as it implies a process of guided growth.

In English, 'cultivate' and 'culture' are direct translations that carry similar meanings, both in scientific and metaphorical contexts. 'Nurture' and 'foster' are excellent synonyms for the metaphorical uses. The Korean word '배양하다' encompasses the intensity and deliberate nature of these actions.

Korean biotechnology companies often discuss their efforts to '배양하다' new cell lines or therapeutic agents. Educational institutions frequently mention their mission to '배양하다' well-rounded individuals with strong character. Discussions on leadership development often highlight the need to '배양하다' the skills and mindset of future leaders.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Scientific research and laboratory work.

  • 세포를 배양하다
  • 미생물을 배양하다
  • 균을 배양하다
  • 바이러스를 배양하다
  • 배양액을 준비하다

Education and child development.

  • 능력을 배양하다
  • 인성을 배양하다
  • 사고력을 배양하다
  • 창의력을 배양하다
  • 잠재력을 배양하다

Business and organizational development.

  • 리더십을 배양하다
  • 혁신 문화를 배양하다
  • 팀워크를 배양하다
  • 기업 문화를 배양하다
  • 전문성을 배양하다

Personal growth and self-improvement.

  • 긍정적인 태도를 배양하다
  • 인내심을 배양하다
  • 자신감을 배양하다
  • 좋은 습관을 배양하다
  • 마음을 배양하다

Agriculture and horticulture (specific contexts).

  • 식물을 배양하다
  • 묘목을 배양하다
  • 특수 작물을 배양하다
  • 토양 미생물을 배양하다
  • 씨앗을 배양하다

Conversation Starters

"What kind of abilities do you think are most important to cultivate in today's world?"

"How can we best foster a sense of community in our neighborhoods or workplaces?"

"In your opinion, what are the key elements needed to nurture a child's creativity?"

"When discussing scientific advancements, how do you differentiate between 'culturing' and 'growing' something?"

"What personal qualities do you believe are essential to actively cultivate for a fulfilling life?"

Journal Prompts

Reflect on a skill or talent you possess. How did you cultivate it, and what efforts were involved in its development?

Consider a time you witnessed someone effectively nurturing another person's potential. What strategies did they employ?

Think about a societal issue you care about. What steps could be taken to cultivate positive change or awareness regarding this issue?

Describe a fictional scenario where a scientist is trying to culture a new organism. What challenges might they face?

How can you intentionally cultivate more patience or resilience in your daily life? What specific actions can you take?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

'배양하다' implies a more deliberate, controlled, and often intensive process of growth and development. It's commonly used in scientific contexts (culturing cells, microorganisms) and for nurturing abstract qualities that require specific effort and conditions. '키우다' is a more general verb meaning 'to raise' or 'to grow,' applicable to children, pets, plants, or even less controlled development of relationships or skills. While there can be overlap, '배양하다' suggests a higher degree of intentionality and careful tending.

Yes, but with a nuance. '배양하다' is typically used for growing plants in a controlled laboratory environment, such as seedlings, tissue cultures, or specific rare species where precise conditions are maintained. For general agriculture and growing crops in fields, the verb '재배하다' is more commonly used.

Common abstract qualities include abilities (e.g., problem-solving, critical thinking), character traits (e.g., patience, resilience, honesty), creativity, leadership skills, positive attitudes, and even social concepts like teamwork or a sense of community. The key is that these qualities are deliberately nurtured and developed over time.

The word itself is neutral, describing a process of cultivation or development. However, in its metaphorical use, it is almost always positive because it implies fostering desirable qualities or growth. The literal scientific use can involve culturing harmful microorganisms, but the term '배양하다' itself simply describes the act of growing them.

'함양하다' is specifically for cultivating moral character, virtues, ethical principles, or refined sensibilities (like aesthetic appreciation). It's more formal and often used in discussions about morality and ethics. '배양하다' is broader and can be used for developing character in general, as well as skills, intellect, and attitudes. If you are specifically talking about moral virtues, '함양하다' is often a better choice. For broader character development or skill cultivation, '배양하다' is suitable.

'육성하다' implies a broader strategy of fostering and promoting development, often by an organization or institution, aiming to develop talents, industries, or potential on a larger scale. '배양하다' can be a part of this process, focusing on the specific cultivation of individual elements or abilities. For example, a government might '육성하다' the startup ecosystem by providing support, and within that, individual entrepreneurs might '배양하다' their innovative ideas.

Yes, it can be used metaphorically for emotions, especially when talking about deliberately fostering certain emotional states or attitudes. For example, one might talk about '배양하다' a sense of calm or '배양하다' a positive outlook. However, simpler verbs like '키우다' or '기르다' might also be used depending on the nuance.

'배양액' (baeyang-aek) is the noun form meaning 'culture medium.' It's the substance (liquid or gel) that provides nutrients and a suitable environment for culturing microorganisms, cells, or tissues in a laboratory.

While '배양하다' can be used in slightly more formal casual conversations, especially when discussing personal development or hobbies, it's less common than simpler verbs like '키우다' or '만들다'. In very casual settings, simpler terms are usually preferred.

To '배양하다' a relationship means to intentionally nurture and develop it over time through consistent effort, care, and attention, similar to how one cultivates a plant or fosters a skill. It implies a conscious effort to strengthen the bond and ensure its healthy growth.

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