At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn how to describe your daily life. While '일반적으로' (il-ban-jeok-eu-ro) might seem a bit long and difficult, you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'usually.' At this stage, you mostly use '보통' (bo-tong) for 'usually.' However, learning '일반적으로' helps you understand when people talk about general facts. For example, 'Generally, it is hot in summer.' You don't need to use it in every sentence, but recognizing it will help you understand more Korean. It's like the word 'Generally' in English—it's a bit longer than 'Usually,' but it means almost the same thing when you are talking about the world around you. Focus on the '일반' part, which means 'general' or 'common.' If you see this word, know that the speaker is talking about what happens most of the time, not just once. It's a great word to start recognizing in simple stories or news for kids.
At the A2 level, you are expanding your ability to talk about social norms and general truths. This is the perfect time to start using '일반적으로.' You can use it to describe things that are true for most people in your country or in Korea. For example, 'Generally, Koreans eat rice.' This is more formal than saying 'Koreans usually eat rice' with '보통.' At A2, you should practice placing '일반적으로' at the beginning of your sentences. This makes it clear that you are making a general statement. You will also start to see this word in simple news articles or weather reports. It's a key word for moving beyond just talking about yourself and starting to talk about the world in a more objective way. Try to use it when you are explaining your culture to a Korean friend. It shows that you have a good grasp of more advanced vocabulary and can speak about topics with a bit more sophistication.
At the B1 level, you are becoming an intermediate learner who can handle more complex topics like work, school, and social issues. '일반적으로' becomes a very useful tool for you. You can use it to summarize opinions or to talk about trends in society. At this level, you should be able to distinguish between '일반적으로' (generally) and '보통' (usually/normally). You might use '일반적으로' in a presentation at work or in an essay for a Korean class. You will also start to hear it in the phrase '일반적으로 말해서' (generally speaking). This is a great 'filler' phrase that gives you a moment to think while making you sound very fluent. You should also be comfortable with the adjective form '일반적인' (general) and know when to use the adverb vs. the adjective. For example, '일반적인 문제' (a general problem) vs. '일반적으로 발생한다' (generally occurs). This distinction is a hallmark of the B1 level.
At the B2 level, you are expected to speak and write with a high degree of accuracy and nuance. '일반적으로' is no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a structural element of your discourse. You use it to frame arguments, provide context for data, and navigate academic or professional discussions. You should be able to use it alongside other similar words like '대체로' (on the whole) or '대개' (mostly) to avoid repetition and to provide precise meaning. For instance, you might use '일반적으로' to state a widely accepted fact and then use '대체로' to describe the results of a specific study. At this level, you also understand the cultural nuance of using such a word—it provides a level of 'objectivity' that is highly valued in Korean professional life. You can use it to hedge your statements, making them sound more considered and less like personal opinions. Your ability to use this word in complex sentence structures, such as with passive verbs or nested clauses, should be well-developed.
At the C1 level, your use of '일반적으로' should be seamless and natural. You use it not just for its basic meaning, but to control the tone and flow of your speech and writing. In advanced academic writing, you might use it to introduce a 'general' theory before critiquing it or offering a more specific alternative. You understand the subtle differences between '일반적으로' and more literary or specialized terms like '보편적으로' (universally). You can use it in high-level debates to acknowledge a general trend while immediately pivoting to a specific exception. Your pronunciation is perfect, and you can integrate the word into fast-paced, complex conversations without hesitation. You also recognize its use in legal, medical, or technical Korean, where 'general' has specific professional implications. At this level, '일반적으로' is a tool for precision, allowing you to define the exact scope of your claims in a way that is both linguistically and culturally sophisticated.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of '일반적으로.' You use it with complete mastery of its register, nuance, and rhetorical power. You can use it to craft persuasive arguments, write high-level professional reports, or engage in deep philosophical discussions. You are aware of how the word has been used historically in Korean literature and discourse. You can use it to create a specific 'voice' in your writing—perhaps one of objective authority or one of careful, considered observation. You also understand how to use it ironically or to subvert expectations in creative writing. There is no confusion between this and any other similar word; your choice is always the most precise one for the context. You can explain the Hanja roots and the linguistic evolution of the word to others. For a C2 learner, '일반적으로' is not just a word, but a versatile instrument in a vast linguistic orchestra, used to create complex and beautiful patterns of thought and expression.

일반적으로 in 30 Seconds

  • A formal adverb meaning 'generally' or 'in most cases,' used to describe trends and common norms.
  • More objective and academic than the casual '보통' (usually), making it ideal for professional contexts.
  • Commonly placed at the start of a sentence or before the verb to frame the entire statement.
  • Derived from Hanja roots meaning 'of one kind,' implying uniformity across a group or situation.

The Korean word 일반적으로 (il-ban-jeok-eu-ro) is a cornerstone adverb in the Korean language, functioning much like the English terms 'generally,' 'in general,' or 'typically.' To understand its depth, we must look at its constituent parts. It is derived from the noun 일반 (il-ban), which translates to 'general' or 'common,' combined with the suffix -적 (-jeok), which transforms the noun into a determinative or adjectival form, and finally the adverbial particle -으로 (-eu-ro), which indicates the manner or direction of an action. Together, they create a word that allows speakers to describe trends, common behaviors, and widely accepted truths without claiming absolute universality.

Semantic Core
The word refers to a state or condition that applies to most members of a group or most instances of a situation. It is the linguistic tool used to move from specific observations to broader conclusions.

In daily conversation, Koreans use 일반적으로 to soften a statement or to provide context that what they are about to say is a standard expectation rather than a strict rule. For instance, if you are discussing Korean dining etiquette, you might say that 'generally,' people wait for the eldest to start eating. This acknowledges that while exceptions exist, the behavior described is the cultural norm. It is also a staple in academic writing, news reporting, and scientific discourse, where precision regarding the scope of a claim is vital. It helps avoid the trap of 'all-or-nothing' thinking, providing a middle ground between 'always' (항상) and 'sometimes' (가끔).

한국에서는 일반적으로 신발을 벗고 집에 들어갑니다. (In Korea, people generally take off their shoes before entering a house.)

Furthermore, the word carries a certain level of formality. While you might use 보통 (bo-tong) in a casual chat with friends to mean 'usually,' 일반적으로 elevates the tone, making the speaker sound more objective and thoughtful. It is the difference between saying 'I usually eat bread' and 'Generally, bread is a staple food in Western diets.' The former is personal and informal; the latter is observational and structured. Understanding this distinction is key for learners moving from basic survival Korean to more sophisticated, professional, or academic communication.

Contextual Flexibility
It can appear at the very beginning of a sentence to set the scope, or it can be placed immediately before the predicate it modifies. Its placement often depends on what the speaker wishes to emphasize.

일반적으로 말해서, 이 계획은 아주 좋습니다. (Generally speaking, this plan is very good.)

The word is also deeply rooted in the Hanja (Chinese characters) 一般 (일반). The character 一 (일) means 'one' or 'same,' and 般 (반) means 'sort,' 'kind,' or 'manner.' Thus, the etymological root suggests 'of one kind' or 'in the same manner,' implying a uniformity across a group. This historical context reinforces its use as a tool for categorization and generalization. Whether you are describing weather patterns, economic trends, or social customs, 일반적으로 provides the necessary linguistic framework to discuss the 'standard' or 'common' experience of the world.

Using 일반적으로 correctly involves understanding its role as a sentence-modifying adverb. Unlike some adverbs that strictly modify a single verb, 일반적으로 often sets the 'truth conditions' for the entire statement that follows. It signals to the listener that the information provided is a general trend, not an absolute certainty. This is crucial in Korean culture, where making overly bold or absolute claims can sometimes be seen as aggressive or lacking in nuance.

Sentence Placement
The most common position for '일반적으로' is at the beginning of the sentence. This acts as a 'frame' for the rest of the information. However, it can also be placed after the subject to place more emphasis on the subject itself.

일반적으로 고양이는 물을 싫어합니다. (Generally, cats dislike water.)

In the example above, the adverb starts the sentence, establishing the general nature of the claim about cats. If we move it: 고양이는 일반적으로 물을 싫어합니다, the meaning remains the same, but the focus shifts slightly toward the 'cats' as the topic. Both are grammatically correct and frequently used. Learners should practice both placements to become comfortable with the natural flow of Korean syntax.

Another common usage is in the phrase 일반적으로 말해서, which is the direct equivalent of 'generally speaking.' This is an excellent introductory phrase for presentations or debates. It allows you to summarize complex data or varied opinions into a single, manageable statement. For example, 'Generally speaking, the economy is improving' would be 일반적으로 말해서, 경제가 좋아지고 있습니다.

일반적으로 말해서, 이 방법이 가장 효율적입니다. (Generally speaking, this method is the most efficient.)

Comparison with '보통'
While '보통' (bo-tong) also means 'usually' or 'normally,' '일반적으로' is more formal and objective. Use '보통' for personal habits and '일반적으로' for social or scientific facts.

과일은 일반적으로 비타민이 풍부합니다. (Fruits are generally rich in vitamins.)

In academic or professional contexts, you will often see this word paired with verbs like 알려져 있다 (is known to be), 인식되다 (is perceived), or 받아들여지다 (is accepted). For example, 일반적으로 그렇게 알려져 있습니다 (It is generally known as such). This combination reinforces the idea of a shared, collective understanding. Mastering these patterns will allow you to participate in more complex discussions about society, science, and culture in Korean.

The word 일반적으로 is ubiquitous in environments where information is being synthesized or reported. If you turn on the Korean news (like KBS or MBC), you will hear news anchors and reporters using it to describe social trends, economic shifts, or public opinion. For instance, a reporter might say, 'Generally, consumer spending increases during the holiday season.' In this context, the word provides a factual, objective tone that is essential for journalism.

Academic and Educational Settings
In university lectures or textbooks, '일반적으로' is used to introduce theories or standard practices. Professors use it to distinguish between a general rule and the specific exceptions they might discuss later in the lesson.

이 이론은 일반적으로 모든 상황에 적용됩니다. (This theory generally applies to all situations.)

You will also encounter this word frequently in the workplace. During meetings, a manager might use 일반적으로 to discuss standard operating procedures or to summarize the typical feedback from clients. It helps in creating a consensus by focusing on the most common experiences. For example, 'Generally, our customers prefer the mobile version' (일반적으로 우리 고객들은 모바일 버전을 선호합니다). It’s a word that builds professional credibility by showing that the speaker is looking at the 'big picture.'

In the world of documentaries and educational YouTube channels, 일반적으로 is a favorite for narrators. Whether they are talking about the migration patterns of birds or the historical development of a city, the word allows them to make broad, informative statements that are easy for the audience to digest. It serves as a bridge between complex data and general understanding.

사자는 일반적으로 무리를 지어 생활합니다. (Lions generally live in prides/groups.)

Legal and Formal Documents
In contracts or legal explanations, this word defines the standard scope of a clause, ensuring that the 'general' application is understood before any specific conditions are listed.

이 규정은 일반적으로 모든 직원에게 해당됩니다. (This regulation generally applies to all employees.)

Finally, you'll hear it in polite debates or discussions. When someone wants to disagree without being confrontational, they might start with, 'While that is true in some cases, 일반적으로...' This allows them to pivot to a different perspective by appealing to a broader truth. It is a sophisticated linguistic maneuver that demonstrates both language proficiency and cultural awareness of the importance of 'saving face' and maintaining harmony in conversation.

While 일반적으로 is a versatile word, learners often encounter a few pitfalls when trying to integrate it into their Korean. The most common mistake is confusing it with its synonyms, particularly 보통 (bo-tong) and 대개 (dae-gae). While they all relate to the idea of 'usually' or 'generally,' their registers and specific nuances differ significantly.

Register Mismatch
Using '일반적으로' in a very casual, intimate setting can sound overly stiff or robotic. For example, if a friend asks what you do on weekends, saying '일반적으로 저는 잠을 잡니다' (Generally, I sleep) sounds like you are reading from a sociological report about yourself. In this case, '보통' is much more natural.

Mistake: (To a friend) 일반적으로 저는 커피를 마셔요.
Correction: 보통 저는 커피를 마셔요. (I usually drink coffee.)

Another error is the confusion between the adverb 일반적으로 and the adjective 일반적인. Remember that -으로 makes it an adverb (modifying verbs or whole sentences), while -인 makes it an adjective (modifying nouns). You cannot say '일반적으로 생각' to mean 'a general thought'; it must be '일반적인 생각.' Conversely, you shouldn't use '일반적인' to start a sentence like 'Generally, it is cold'; you need '일반적으로.'

Over-Generalization
Be careful not to use '일반적으로' when you actually mean 'always' (항상) or 'definitely' (반드시). If a law is absolute, '일반적으로' is too weak. If a habit is 100% consistent, '일반적으로' implies there are times when it doesn't happen.

해는 일반적으로 동쪽에서 뜹니다. (The sun generally rises in the east - This sounds slightly odd because the sun *always* rises in the east. '항상' would be better here.)

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the 'ㄹ' and 'ㄴ' sounds in 일반 (il-ban). It should be a clean 'l' sound followed by a crisp 'n'. Avoid merging them into a single nasal sound. Practicing the transition between the two syllables will help you sound more like a native speaker. Also, ensure the -적으로 part is pronounced clearly; the 'ㅈ' should be a light 'j' sound, and the '으' vowel should be distinct, not swallowed.

Misplacing the Particle
Sometimes learners forget the '으로' and just say '일반적'. While '일반적' is a valid word (an adjectival noun), it cannot function as an adverb on its own. It always needs the '으로' to modify the action or the sentence.

By being mindful of these nuances—register, grammatical function, and absolute vs. general claims—you can use 일반적으로 with the precision and confidence of a high-level Korean speaker.

To truly master 일반적으로, it is helpful to compare it with other Korean words that occupy the same semantic space. Korean has a rich vocabulary for expressing frequency and generality, and choosing the right word can change the entire feel of your sentence. Let's look at the most common alternatives and how they differ from our target word.

보통 (Bo-tong)
Meaning: Usually, normally, ordinarily.
Usage: This is the most common and versatile word. It is used in everyday conversation for personal habits and common occurrences. It is less formal than '일반적으로'.

저는 보통 7시에 일어납니다. (I usually wake up at 7.)

대개 (Dae-gae)
Meaning: Mostly, for the most part, largely.
Usage: '대개' focuses on the majority of a group or the majority of the time. It is slightly more formal than '보통' but less academic than '일반적으로'. It often implies 'in most cases' with a focus on quantity.

주말에는 대개 집에서 쉽니다. (On weekends, I mostly rest at home.)

대체로 (Dae-che-ro)
Meaning: On the whole, generally, by and large.
Usage: This word is very similar to '일반적으로' and is often interchangeable in formal contexts. However, '대체로' often carries a nuance of 'averaging things out' or looking at the overall trend despite some variations.

이번 시험은 대체로 쉬웠습니다. (This exam was generally/on the whole easy.)

When choosing between these, consider your audience and your intent. If you are writing a scientific paper, 일반적으로 is your best bet. If you are telling a story to a friend, 보통 is more natural. If you are summarizing a survey result, 대체로 or 대개 might be more appropriate. Understanding these subtle shifts in meaning will make your Korean sound much more nuanced and native-like.

In summary, while '일반적으로' is a powerful tool for making generalizations, it is part of a larger family of words. By learning when to use each one, you can express the frequency and scope of your statements with much greater precision. Practice swapping these words in different contexts to see how the 'flavor' of the sentence changes!

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character '般' (ban) also appears in the word '백반' (baek-ban), which refers to a standard Korean meal with rice and various side dishes—literally 'a hundred kinds' or 'a general meal.'

Pronunciation Guide

UK /il.ban.dʑʌk.ɯ.ɾo/
US /il.bɑn.dʒʌk.ʊ.roʊ/
The primary stress is lightly on the first syllable '일' (il), with a secondary rhythmic pulse on '적' (jeok).
Rhymes With
보편적으로 (bo-pyeon-jeok-eu-ro) 객관적으로 (gaek-gwan-jeok-eu-ro) 주관적으로 (ju-gwan-jeok-eu-ro) 상대적으로 (sang-dae-jeok-eu-ro) 절대적으로 (jeol-dae-jeok-eu-ro) 현실적으로 (hyeon-sil-jeok-eu-ro) 효과적으로 (hyo-gwa-jeok-eu-ro) 열정적으로 (yeol-jeong-jeok-eu-ro)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing '일' as 'in' due to the following '반'.
  • Swallowing the '으' sound in '적으로', making it sound like '적-로'.
  • Making the 'j' in '적' too heavy, like a hard English 'J'.
  • Confusing the 'ㄹ' sound with a hard English 'R'.
  • Merging '반' and '적' into a single nasalized sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

The word is long but follows a very predictable pattern (-적으로).

Writing 3/5

Requires understanding of where to place it in a sentence for natural flow.

Speaking 3/5

Pronouncing the 'ㄹ' and 'ㄴ' transition clearly takes practice.

Listening 2/5

It is a very distinct word that is easy to pick out once learned.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

일반 (General) 보통 (Usually) 말하다 (To speak) 알다 (To know) 생각하다 (To think)

Learn Next

대체로 (On the whole) 대개 (Mostly) 보편적으로 (Universally) 상대적으로 (Relatively) 절대적으로 (Absolutely)

Advanced

보편타당성 (Universal validity) 일반화의 오류 (Fallacy of generalization) 통상적 (Ordinary/Customary)

Grammar to Know

-적으로 (Adverbial Suffix)

경제적 -> 경제적으로 (Economically)

-ㄴ/은/는 경향이 있다 (Tend to)

일반적으로 사람들은 단 음식을 좋아하는 경향이 있다.

-라고 알려져 있다 (Is known as)

일반적으로 그는 정직한 사람이라고 알려져 있다.

-기 마련이다 (Is bound to/Naturally happens)

일반적으로 시간이 지나면 잊혀지기 마련이다.

-에 따르면 (According to)

일반적으로 통계에 따르면...

Examples by Level

1

일반적으로 사과는 빨간색입니다.

Generally, apples are red.

Simple sentence structure: [일반적으로 + Subject + Adjective].

2

일반적으로 겨울은 춥습니다.

Generally, winter is cold.

Using the adverb to describe a seasonal fact.

3

일반적으로 개는 사람을 좋아합니다.

Generally, dogs like people.

Describing a common animal behavior.

4

일반적으로 한국 음식은 맵습니다.

Generally, Korean food is spicy.

Making a generalization about culture.

5

일반적으로 아이들은 우유를 마십니다.

Generally, children drink milk.

Describing a common habit.

6

일반적으로 바다는 파란색입니다.

Generally, the sea is blue.

A basic observational statement.

7

일반적으로 꽃은 봄에 핍니다.

Generally, flowers bloom in spring.

Describing a natural cycle.

8

일반적으로 아침에 해가 뜹니다.

Generally, the sun rises in the morning.

A simple factual generalization.

1

일반적으로 한국 사람들은 친절합니다.

Generally, Korean people are kind.

Describing a national characteristic.

2

일반적으로 주말에는 공원에 사람이 많습니다.

Generally, there are many people in the park on weekends.

Describing a common social occurrence.

3

일반적으로 이 식당은 인기가 많습니다.

Generally, this restaurant is very popular.

Using the adverb to describe a business's status.

4

일반적으로 비행기 표는 미리 사는 것이 좋습니다.

Generally, it is good to buy plane tickets in advance.

Giving general advice using '-는 것이 좋다'.

5

일반적으로 운동은 건강에 좋습니다.

Generally, exercise is good for health.

A standard health-related generalization.

6

일반적으로 대학생들은 공부를 많이 합니다.

Generally, university students study a lot.

Describing the typical life of a group.

7

일반적으로 여름에는 수박을 많이 먹습니다.

Generally, people eat a lot of watermelon in summer.

Describing a seasonal food habit.

8

일반적으로 서울은 교통이 복잡합니다.

Generally, traffic in Seoul is complicated/congested.

Describing a city's characteristic.

1

일반적으로 말해서, 이 계획은 성공할 가능성이 높습니다.

Generally speaking, this plan has a high chance of success.

Using the set phrase '일반적으로 말해서'.

2

일반적으로 경제가 어려우면 소비가 줄어듭니다.

Generally, when the economy is difficult, consumption decreases.

Using a conditional clause '-면' with the adverb.

3

일반적으로 사람들은 변화를 두려워하는 경향이 있습니다.

Generally, people tend to fear change.

Using '-는 경향이 있다' (tend to) with the adverb.

4

일반적으로 이 약은 부작용이 거의 없습니다.

Generally, this medicine has almost no side effects.

Providing a general medical fact.

5

일반적으로 교육은 미래를 위한 투자라고 생각합니다.

Generally, education is considered an investment for the future.

Expressing a common societal belief.

6

일반적으로 기술의 발전은 삶을 편리하게 만듭니다.

Generally, the development of technology makes life convenient.

Describing a broad historical/social trend.

7

일반적으로 스트레스는 만병의 근원이라고 합니다.

Generally, stress is said to be the root of all diseases.

Using the quoted form '-라고 합니다' (it is said that).

8

일반적으로 대도시의 생활비는 시골보다 비쌉니다.

Generally, the cost of living in big cities is more expensive than in the countryside.

Making a comparison using '-보다'.

1

일반적으로 사회적 합의가 이루어지기까지는 많은 시간이 소요됩니다.

Generally, it takes a lot of time until a social consensus is reached.

Using advanced vocabulary like '사회적 합의' and '소요되다'.

2

일반적으로 환경 보호를 위해 정부의 규제가 필요하다고 인식됩니다.

Generally, it is perceived that government regulation is necessary for environmental protection.

Using the passive form '인식되다' (is perceived).

3

일반적으로 기업들은 이윤 극대화를 최우선 목표로 삼습니다.

Generally, corporations take profit maximization as their top priority.

Using the structure 'A를 B로 삼다' (take A as B).

4

일반적으로 저출산 문제는 복합적인 원인에 의해 발생합니다.

Generally, the low birth rate problem occurs due to complex causes.

Using '-에 의해' (due to/by) in a formal context.

5

일반적으로 전문가들은 내년 경기 전망을 긍정적으로 보고 있습니다.

Generally, experts are viewing next year's economic outlook positively.

Reporting professional opinions.

6

일반적으로 문화적 차이는 소통의 오해를 불러일으킬 수 있습니다.

Generally, cultural differences can cause misunderstandings in communication.

Using the phrase '오해를 불러일으키다' (cause misunderstanding).

7

일반적으로 법률은 공공의 이익을 보호하기 위해 존재합니다.

Generally, laws exist to protect the public interest.

Discussing the purpose of social institutions.

8

일반적으로 인터넷의 발달은 정보의 민주화를 이끌어냈습니다.

Generally, the development of the internet has led to the democratization of information.

Using abstract nouns like '민주화' and '발달'.

1

일반적으로 통용되는 상식과는 달리, 이 현상은 매우 특이한 사례입니다.

Contrary to generally accepted common sense, this phenomenon is a very unique case.

Using '-와는 달리' (unlike/contrary to) to contrast with the general.

2

일반적으로 학계에서는 이 가설을 정설로 받아들이고 있습니다.

Generally, the academic community accepts this hypothesis as the established theory.

Using specialized terms like '학계' and '정설'.

3

일반적으로 민주주의 국가에서는 표현의 자유를 헌법으로 보장합니다.

Generally, in democratic countries, freedom of expression is guaranteed by the constitution.

Discussing constitutional and political concepts.

4

일반적으로 인공지능의 발전은 윤리적 논쟁을 필연적으로 동반합니다.

Generally, the development of AI inevitably accompanies ethical debates.

Using '필연적으로 동반하다' (inevitably accompany).

5

일반적으로 자본주의 체제하에서 시장의 자율성은 중요한 가치로 여겨집니다.

Generally, under a capitalist system, market autonomy is considered an important value.

Using '-하에서' (under) and '-로 여겨지다' (is considered as).

6

일반적으로 문학 작품은 시대의 정신을 반영하는 거울과 같습니다.

Generally, literary works are like a mirror reflecting the spirit of the times.

Using metaphorical language in a formal context.

7

일반적으로 심리학에서는 유년기의 경험이 성격 형성에 큰 영향을 미친다고 봅니다.

Generally, in psychology, it is viewed that childhood experiences have a great influence on personality formation.

Discussing scientific/psychological perspectives.

8

일반적으로 국제법은 국가 간의 분쟁을 평화적으로 해결하기 위한 틀을 제공합니다.

Generally, international law provides a framework for resolving disputes between nations peacefully.

Using '틀을 제공하다' (provide a framework).

1

일반적으로 보편타당하다고 여겨지는 진리조차 시대에 따라 변할 수 있습니다.

Even truths that are generally considered universally valid can change according to the times.

Using '보편타당하다' (universally valid) and '-조차' (even).

2

일반적으로 거시경제 지표는 국가의 경제적 건전성을 판단하는 척도가 됩니다.

Generally, macroeconomic indicators serve as a yardstick for judging a nation's economic health.

Using '거시경제 지표' and '척도' (yardstick/measure).

3

일반적으로 포스트모더니즘은 거대 서사에 대한 회의적인 시각을 견지합니다.

Generally, postmodernism maintains a skeptical perspective toward grand narratives.

Using '회의적인 시각' and '견지하다' (maintain/hold).

4

일반적으로 법의 해석에 있어서 문언적 의미뿐만 아니라 입법 취지도 고려해야 합니다.

Generally, in the interpretation of law, not only the literal meaning but also the legislative intent must be considered.

Using '문언적 의미' and '입법 취지'.

5

일반적으로 과학적 패러다임의 전환은 기존 이론의 한계가 드러날 때 발생합니다.

Generally, a shift in scientific paradigm occurs when the limitations of existing theories are revealed.

Discussing the philosophy of science.

6

일반적으로 사회 계약론은 국가 권력의 정당성을 개인의 동의에서 찾습니다.

Generally, social contract theory finds the legitimacy of state power in the consent of individuals.

Discussing political philosophy.

7

일반적으로 예술의 자율성은 정치적 선전 도구로 전락하는 것을 경계합니다.

Generally, the autonomy of art is wary of being degraded into a tool for political propaganda.

Using '전락하다' (fall/degrade) and '경계하다' (be wary of).

8

일반적으로 인식론적 관점에서 주관과 객관의 분리는 근대 철학의 핵심 과제였습니다.

Generally, from an epistemological perspective, the separation of subject and object was a core task of modern philosophy.

Using '인식론적 관점' (epistemological perspective).

Common Collocations

일반적으로 알려져 있다
일반적으로 말해서
일반적으로 적용되다
일반적으로 받아들여지다
일반적으로 발생하다
일반적으로 사용되다
일반적으로 인식되다
일반적으로 통용되다
일반적으로 동의하다
일반적으로 기대되다

Common Phrases

일반적으로 말하자면

— This is a slightly more active way of saying 'generally speaking.' It is used to introduce a summary.

일반적으로 말하자면, 이번 프로젝트는 성공입니다.

일반적으로 볼 때

— Meaning 'looking at it generally' or 'from a general perspective.' Used when evaluating a situation.

일반적으로 볼 때, 그의 행동은 이해하기 어렵습니다.

일반적으로 생각하기에

— Meaning 'in general thought' or 'as people generally think.' Used to introduce a common opinion.

일반적으로 생각하기에, 돈이 많으면 행복할 것 같습니다.

일반적으로 알려진 바와 같이

— Meaning 'as is generally known.' Used to reference common knowledge.

일반적으로 알려진 바와 같이, 독서는 유익합니다.

일반적으로 그렇듯이

— Meaning 'as is generally the case.' Used to compare a specific situation to the norm.

오늘도 일반적으로 그렇듯이 길이 막힙니다.

일반적으로 통하는

— Meaning 'generally accepted' or 'generally valid.' Used to describe ideas or methods.

그것은 일반적으로 통하는 방법이 아닙니다.

일반적으로 인정되는

— Meaning 'generally recognized' or 'generally acknowledged.'

그는 일반적으로 인정되는 전문가입니다.

일반적으로 쓰이는

— Meaning 'generally used.' Often refers to language or tools.

이것은 일반적으로 쓰이는 표현입니다.

일반적으로 보아

— A shorter version of '일반적으로 볼 때,' meaning 'viewed generally.'

일반적으로 보아, 이 계획은 무리가 있습니다.

일반적으로 믿어지는

— Meaning 'generally believed.' Used for myths or common beliefs.

그것은 일반적으로 믿어지는 사실이 아닙니다.

Often Confused With

일반적으로 vs 보통 (Bo-tong)

'보통' is for personal habits and casual settings; '일반적으로' is for objective facts and formal settings.

일반적으로 vs 대개 (Dae-gae)

'대개' focuses on the majority (mostly); '일반적으로' focuses on the standard or norm (generally).

일반적으로 vs 항상 (Hang-sang)

'항상' means 100% of the time (always); '일반적으로' means most of the time, allowing for exceptions.

Idioms & Expressions

"일반적으로 통용되는 상식"

— Refers to 'common sense that is generally accepted.' It's used to describe basic knowledge everyone should have.

그것은 일반적으로 통용되는 상식입니다.

Neutral
"일반적으로 알려진 사실"

— Refers to a 'generally known fact.' Used to ground an argument in shared knowledge.

지구가 둥글다는 것은 일반적으로 알려진 사실입니다.

Neutral
"일반적으로 말하는 기준"

— The 'generally spoken standard.' Used when discussing norms or benchmarks.

그의 성적은 일반적으로 말하는 기준보다 높습니다.

Formal
"일반적으로 기대하는 수준"

— The 'generally expected level.' Often used in performance reviews or product evaluations.

이 제품은 일반적으로 기대하는 수준을 넘어섰습니다.

Formal
"일반적으로 받아들여지는 관습"

— A 'generally accepted custom.' Used when discussing culture or etiquette.

명절에 고향에 가는 것은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 관습입니다.

Neutral
"일반적으로 생각하는 범위"

— The 'generally thought range.' Used to define the boundaries of a concept.

그의 행동은 일반적으로 생각하는 범위를 벗어났습니다.

Neutral
"일반적으로 일어나는 현상"

— A 'generally occurring phenomenon.' Used in science or social studies.

사춘기에는 일반적으로 이런 현상이 일어납니다.

Neutral
"일반적으로 통하는 진리"

— A 'generally valid truth.' Used in philosophical or deep discussions.

정직이 최선이라는 것은 일반적으로 통하는 진리입니다.

Formal
"일반적으로 쓰이는 용어"

— A 'generally used term.' Used when explaining vocabulary or jargon.

이것은 의학계에서 일반적으로 쓰이는 용어입니다.

Formal
"일반적으로 느끼는 감정"

— A 'generally felt emotion.' Used to empathize with others.

이별 후에 슬픔을 느끼는 것은 일반적으로 느끼는 감정입니다.

Neutral

Easily Confused

일반적으로 vs 일반적인

It looks almost identical to '일반적으로'.

'일반적인' is an adjective that modifies nouns (e.g., general idea), while '일반적으로' is an adverb that modifies verbs or sentences.

이것은 일반적인 생각입니다. (This is a general thought.) vs. 일반적으로 그렇게 생각합니다. (Generally, people think so.)

일반적으로 vs 보편적으로

Both mean 'generally' in some contexts.

'보편적으로' means 'universally' (applies to everyone/everywhere), whereas '일반적으로' just means 'in most cases.'

인권은 보편적으로 중요합니다. (Human rights are universally important.)

일반적으로 vs 대체로

Both are formal words for 'generally.'

'대체로' often implies an average or an overall summary of various parts, while '일반적으로' refers to a standard rule or trend.

학생들의 성적은 대체로 좋습니다. (Students' grades are generally/on the whole good.)

일반적으로 vs 주로

Both relate to frequency.

'주로' means 'mainly' or 'primarily,' focusing on the most important part, while '일반적으로' focuses on the commonality.

저는 주로 커피를 마셔요. (I mainly drink coffee.)

일반적으로 vs 평소에

Both can translate to 'usually.'

'평소에' means 'in ordinary times' or 'usually' regarding a person's routine, while '일반적으로' is about general truths.

평소에 운동을 하세요? (Do you usually/ordinarily exercise?)

Sentence Patterns

A1

일반적으로 [Noun]은/는 [Adjective]아요/어요.

일반적으로 겨울은 추워요.

A2

일반적으로 [Noun]은/는 [Noun]을/를 [Verb]아요/어요.

일반적으로 한국 사람들은 김치를 먹어요.

B1

일반적으로 말해서, [Sentence].

일반적으로 말해서, 이 영화는 재미있어요.

B1

일반적으로 [Noun]은/는 [Verb]는 경향이 있어요.

일반적으로 아이들은 노는 것을 좋아하는 경향이 있어요.

B2

일반적으로 [Noun]은/는 [Noun]라고 알려져 있습니다.

일반적으로 비타민 C는 감기에 좋다고 알려져 있습니다.

B2

일반적으로 [Noun]이/가 [Verb]ㄴ다는 사실은...

일반적으로 지구가 둥글다는 사실은 누구나 압니다.

C1

일반적으로 통용되는 [Noun]과는 달리...

일반적으로 통용되는 상식과는 달리, 이것은 위험합니다.

C2

일반적으로 [Noun]적 관점에서 볼 때...

일반적으로 사회학적 관점에서 볼 때, 이 현상은...

Word Family

Nouns

일반 (General/Common)
일반인 (The general public/Layperson)
일반성 (Generality)

Verbs

일반화하다 (To generalize)
일반화되다 (To be generalized)

Adjectives

일반적 (General/Common - adjectival noun)
일반적인 (General/Common - adjective form)

Related

보통 (Usually)
대개 (Mostly)
대체로 (On the whole)
보편적 (Universal)
평범 (Ordinary)

How to Use It

frequency

Very high in written Korean and formal speech; moderate in daily casual speech.

Common Mistakes
  • Using '일반적으로' for 100% certain facts. 항상 (Always) or 반드시 (Certainly).

    If something is a law of nature with no exceptions, '일반적으로' sounds like you're unsure. Use '항상' for things that never change.

  • Saying '일반적으로 생각' (General thought). 일반적인 생각.

    You need the adjective form '일반적인' to modify a noun. '일반적으로' is an adverb and cannot modify a noun directly.

  • Using '일반적으로' in a very casual chat with a close friend. 보통 (Usually).

    It sounds too stiff. It's like saying 'As a general rule, I prefer pizza' to your best friend. Just say 'I usually like pizza.'

  • Pronouncing it as '일반적-로' (skipping the 'eu'). 일반적으로 (il-ban-jeok-eu-ro).

    The '으' (eu) sound is important for the adverbial particle. Skipping it makes you sound unclear and non-native.

  • Confusing '일반적으로' with '주로'. Depends on the focus.

    '주로' means 'mainly' (focus on the primary part). '일반적으로' means 'generally' (focus on the common trend). They are not always interchangeable.

Tips

Adverb vs Adjective

Don't forget the '으로'! '일반적' is a noun/adjective base. To use it as 'Generally,' you must add '으로'. Without it, the sentence will feel incomplete or grammatically wrong.

Softening Claims

Use '일반적으로' to make your opinions sound less aggressive. Instead of saying 'Korean food is spicy,' say 'Generally, Korean food is spicy.' It sounds more thoughtful and polite.

Academic Tone

If you are writing a TOPIK essay, '일반적으로' is a high-score word. It shows you can handle abstract concepts and formal sentence structures.

Hanja Power

Learning '일반' (General) will help you learn other words like '일반인' (Public) and '일반화' (Generalization). Hanja roots are the key to expanding your Korean vocabulary fast.

News Keyword

This is a 'trigger word' in news broadcasts. When you hear it, the reporter is about to give you the main trend or the 'big picture' of the story.

Avoiding Absolutes

Korean culture often avoids 'black and white' statements. '일반적으로' is the perfect word to navigate the 'grey areas' of social norms and expectations.

The 'Ban' Sound

Associate 'Ban' with 'Banner.' A 'General Banner' covers most things. This simple sound association can help you recall the word when you need it.

The ㄹ-ㄴ Transition

Practice saying 'il-ban' slowly. The tip of your tongue touches the roof of your mouth for 'l' and then stays near there for 'n'. It's a quick, clean movement.

Set Phrases

Memorize '일반적으로 말해서' as one single block. It's much easier than trying to build it from scratch every time you want to say 'Generally speaking.'

Contrast Practice

Try to make a sentence with '일반적으로' and then a follow-up sentence with '하지만' (but) to describe an exception. This is great practice for complex thought.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'IL-BAN' as 'ILL-BANned'. If something is 'generally' true, it's 'ILL' (not) 'BANned' from being common. It's the 'general' rule.

Visual Association

Imagine a large circle representing 'everything,' and a smaller but still very large circle inside it representing '일반적으로'. It covers most, but not all, of the space.

Word Web

일반 (General) 적 (Attribute) 으로 (Manner) 보통 (Usually) 대개 (Mostly) 상식 (Common sense) 표준 (Standard) 규칙 (Rule)

Challenge

Try to write three sentences about your home country using '일반적으로' at the beginning of each. Focus on weather, food, and people.

Word Origin

Derived from the Hanja word '一般' (일반). '一' (il) means 'one' or 'same,' and '般' (ban) means 'sort,' 'kind,' or 'manner.'

Original meaning: Originally meant 'of one kind' or 'in the same manner,' implying a lack of distinction or a shared quality.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

Cultural Context

Be careful not to use '일반적으로' to reinforce harmful stereotypes. While it is a tool for generalization, it should be used for factual trends rather than biased assumptions.

In English, we often use 'Generally' or 'Typically.' '일반적으로' is the direct equivalent and carries the same level of slightly formal weight.

Commonly used in Korean CSAT (Suneung) reading passages to introduce scientific or sociological theories. Frequently heard in 'News Desk' or other major Korean news broadcasts. Used in academic papers published by Seoul National University.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Academic Writing

  • 일반적으로 이 이론은...
  • 일반적으로 받아들여지는 견해는...
  • 일반적으로 분석되는 바에 따르면...
  • 일반적으로 증명된 사실은...

News Reporting

  • 일반적으로 전문가들은...
  • 일반적으로 시민들은...
  • 일반적으로 물가가 오르면...
  • 일반적으로 이런 현상은...

Giving Advice

  • 일반적으로 운동을 하면...
  • 일반적으로 비타민을 먹으면...
  • 일반적으로 일찍 자는 것이...
  • 일반적으로 공부를 할 때는...

Cultural Explanations

  • 일반적으로 한국에서는...
  • 일반적으로 명절에는...
  • 일반적으로 예의를 지킬 때...
  • 일반적으로 선물을 줄 때...

Business Meetings

  • 일반적으로 우리 고객들은...
  • 일반적으로 시장 상황은...
  • 일반적으로 경쟁사들은...
  • 일반적으로 예산은...

Conversation Starters

"일반적으로 주말에 무엇을 하시나요? (Generally, what do you do on weekends?)"

"일반적으로 한국 사람들은 어떤 음식을 좋아하나요? (Generally, what kind of food do Koreans like?)"

"일반적으로 당신의 나라에서는 어떻게 인사를 하나요? (Generally, how do people greet each other in your country?)"

"일반적으로 스트레스를 받을 때 어떻게 하시나요? (Generally, what do you do when you are stressed?)"

"일반적으로 이 도시에서 가장 유명한 곳은 어디인가요? (Generally, where is the most famous place in this city?)"

Journal Prompts

일반적으로 당신의 하루 일과는 어떻게 되나요? 자세히 써 보세요. (Generally, what is your daily routine like? Write in detail.)

일반적으로 사람들이 행복해지기 위해 무엇이 필요하다고 생각하나요? (Generally, what do you think people need to be happy?)

일반적으로 당신이 가장 좋아하는 계절의 특징은 무엇인가요? (Generally, what are the characteristics of your favorite season?)

일반적으로 외국어를 배울 때 가장 어려운 점은 무엇인가요? (Generally, what is the most difficult thing about learning a foreign language?)

일반적으로 좋은 친구란 어떤 사람이라고 생각하나요? (Generally, what kind of person do you think a good friend is?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

You can, but it might sound a bit formal or 'bookish.' If you are talking about a serious topic, it's fine. But for daily stuff like 'I generally eat lunch at 12,' use '보통' instead to sound more natural.

'일반적으로' is more formal and used for 'general truths.' '대개' is slightly less formal and focuses on 'the majority.' For example, 'Generally, birds fly' (일반적으로) vs. 'Mostly, students are here' (대개).

Usually at the very beginning. You can also put it after the subject (e.g., '한국 사람들은 일반적으로...'). Putting it at the start is the safest and most common way for learners.

Yes! You can say '일반적으로 과거에는...' (Generally, in the past...). It works just like 'Generally' in English regarding tenses.

No. In fact, it's the opposite. It implies that while something is the 'norm,' there are definitely exceptions. If you want to say 100%, use '항상' (always) or '반드시' (certainly).

The most common way is '일반적으로 말해서' (il-ban-jeok-eu-ro mal-hae-seo). It's a very useful phrase for presentations.

It is 一般적으로. 一般 (일반) means 'one kind' or 'common.' The '적으로' part is the Korean suffix for making it an adverb.

It sounds a bit like you're a scientist studying yourself. It's better to use '보통' or '평소에' for personal habits. Use '일반적으로' for things that apply to many people.

Only if the topic is somewhat serious or if you're being intentionally formal/polite. In a quick text to a friend, it's too long and formal.

The most direct opposite is '특별히' (specially) or '예외적으로' (exceptionally). You use these when something doesn't follow the general rule.

Test Yourself 200 questions

writing

Write 'Generally, Korean food is spicy' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally speaking, this plan is good' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, cats dislike water' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, exercise is good for health' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, people like vacations' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, it is cold in winter' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, apples are red' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, Seoul is busy' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, students study a lot' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, it is known as a fact' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, it is perceived as important' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, it occurs in summer' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, it is used in formal settings' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, children like candy' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, the sun rises in the east' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, flowers bloom in spring' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, water boils at 100 degrees' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, birds can fly' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, money is important' in Korean.

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Write 'Generally, time is fast' in Korean.

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speaking

Pronounce '일반적으로' clearly.

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speaking

Say 'Generally, it is hot' in Korean.

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speaking

Say 'Generally speaking' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, I am busy' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, Koreans eat rice' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, it is cold in winter' in Korean.

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speaking

Say 'Generally, exercise is good' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, dogs are friendly' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, time is fast' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, money is important' in Korean.

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speaking

Say 'Generally, it is known as a fact' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, people like music' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, water is blue' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, it is good to study' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, flowers are beautiful' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, the city is loud' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, fruit is sweet' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, it is dark at night' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, the sky is high' in Korean.

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Say 'Generally, friends are helpful' in Korean.

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listening

Listen and write the word: '일반적으로'

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Listen: '일반적으로 한국 음식은 맵습니다.' What is the adverb?

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Listen: '일반적으로 말해서...' What follows '일반적으로'?

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listening

Listen: '일반적으로 겨울은 춥습니다.' What is the topic?

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Listen: '일반적으로 고양이는 물을 싫어합니다.' What do cats dislike?

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Listen: '일반적으로 운동은 건강에 좋습니다.' What is good for health?

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Listen: '일반적으로 사과는 빨간색입니다.' What color are apples?

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Listen: '일반적으로 주말에는 사람이 많습니다.' When are there many people?

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Listen: '일반적으로 이 약은 부작용이 없습니다.' Does the medicine have side effects?

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listening

Listen: '일반적으로 서울은 복잡합니다.' How is Seoul described?

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Listen: '일반적으로 아이들은 우유를 마십니다.' Who drinks milk?

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listening

Listen: '일반적으로 꽃은 봄에 핍니다.' When do flowers bloom?

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Listen: '일반적으로 해는 동쪽에서 뜹니다.' Where does the sun rise?

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Listen: '일반적으로 돈은 중요합니다.' What is important?

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Listen: '일반적으로 시간은 빠릅니다.' How is time described?

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/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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