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B1 verb 12 Min. Lesezeit

odrzucić

Beispiele
Erklärung odrzucić in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'odrzucić' is a bit advanced, but you might encounter it in simple digital contexts. Think of it as a strong 'no'. Imagine you are playing with a ball; if you throw it back to your friend, that is the literal meaning. On your phone, when someone calls and you don't want to talk, you press the red button to 'odrzucić' the call. At this stage, just remember that 'odrzucić' means 'to say no' to a thing or an offer. Don't worry too much about the complex grammar yet. Focus on the idea of pushing something away that you don't want. It is the opposite of 'wziąć' (to take) or 'zaakceptować' (to accept). You might see it in simple games or apps. If you see 'Odrzuć' on a screen, it usually means 'Cancel' or 'Decline'. It is a useful word to know so you don't accidentally accept something you didn't want. Just think: 'odrzucić' = 'throw away' or 'say no'.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'odrzucić' in more everyday sentences. You can use it to talk about food you don't like or an invitation you can't accept. For example, 'Odrzuciłem zaproszenie na imprezę' (I rejected the invitation to the party). It is important to notice that this verb is perfective, so we use it for things that happened once and are finished. You will often use it in the past tense: 'On odrzucił moją pomoc' (He rejected my help). You should also learn the imperative form 'Odrzuć!', which you might hear in sports or when someone wants you to get rid of something quickly. At this level, you should be able to distinguish it from 'nie chcieć' (to not want). 'Odrzucić' is more active—it describes the action of saying no. It is a great word to make your Polish sound more specific and less like a beginner who only uses basic words like 'nie'.
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At the B1 level, 'odrzucić' becomes a key vocabulary item for professional and social life. You are expected to use it in the context of job applications, formal requests, and complex social interactions. You should understand that it requires the Accusative case (Biernik). For example, 'Firma odrzuciła moją aplikację' (The company rejected my application). You also start to see its figurative meanings, like rejecting an idea or a theory. This is the level where you must distinguish 'odrzucić' from 'odmówić'. Remember: you 'odrzucasz' an offer, but you 'odmawiasz' a person. You should also be comfortable with the future tense: 'Jeśli mi się to nie spodoba, odrzucę to' (If I don't like it, I will reject it). This word is essential for discussing decisions and outcomes. It shows that you can handle more than just basic conversation and can describe formal processes and firm decisions.
At the B2 level, you should use 'odrzucić' with nuance and in more abstract contexts. You will encounter it in news articles about politics ('Sejm odrzucił ustawę') or in medical contexts ('Organizm odrzucił przeszczep'). You should also be familiar with the passive voice: 'Zostałem odrzucony przez grupę' (I was rejected by the group). This level requires you to understand the emotional weight of the word. It's not just a 'no'; it's often a definitive exclusion. You should also know common collocations like 'odrzucić oskarżenia' (to reject accusations) or 'odrzucić wątpliwości' (to cast aside doubts). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the perfective aspect—using it to describe specific, completed acts of rejection. You might also start using the noun form 'odrzucenie' in discussions about psychology or social issues. At B2, 'odrzucić' is a tool for precise communication in both formal and informal settings.
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At the C1 level, you use 'odrzucić' in sophisticated, stylistic ways. You understand its role in literature and high-level academic writing. You can use it to describe the rejection of entire philosophical systems or societal norms: 'Odrzucił tradycyjne wartości na rzecz modernizmu'. You are also aware of its less common meanings, such as 'to throw back' in a tactical sense in sports or military contexts. Your grammar is flawless, and you easily switch between 'odrzucić' and its synonyms like 'znegować', 'oddalić', or 'odtrącić' to achieve the exact tone you want. You recognize the word in idioms and complex metaphors. For a C1 speaker, 'odrzucić' is not just a verb; it's a way to describe the boundaries of thought and action. You might use it in a debate to quickly dismiss an invalid argument: 'Musimy kategorycznie odrzucić takie rozumowanie'. Your command of the word shows a deep integration of Polish prefix logic and aspectual nuances.
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At the C2 level, 'odrzucić' is a word you handle with the precision of a native speaker. You are sensitive to its subtle connotations in different registers. You might use it in a highly formal legal brief to describe the rejection of a petition, or in a poetic sense to describe the soul 'casting off' earthly burdens. You understand the etymological connection to other 'rzucić' derivatives and can use this knowledge to play with the language. You can analyze why an author chose 'odrzucić' over 'odtrącić' in a specific literary passage. For you, the word is part of a vast web of meanings, including its technical uses in science and its colloquial uses in slang (though 'odrzucić' itself is rarely slang, its derivatives can be). You are capable of using the word to express the finest shades of non-acceptance, from a cold, bureaucratic dismissal to a passionate, personal refusal. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker.
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Beispiele
The Polish verb odrzucić is a powerful and versatile word that primarily translates to 'to reject', 'to refuse', or 'to throw back'. At its core, it is the perfective form of the verb odrzucać. Understanding this word requires looking at its physical origin: the root 'rzucić' means 'to throw', and the prefix 'od-' signifies 'away' or 'back'. Therefore, in a literal sense, odrzucić means to throw something away from oneself or back to where it came from. In modern Polish, this physical action has evolved into a broad range of figurative meanings that are essential for B1 learners and above. You will encounter this word in professional settings when a job application is declined, in social contexts when an invitation is turned down, and in legal or formal contexts when a motion or claim is dismissed. It carries a sense of finality because it is a perfective verb, indicating that the act of rejection is completed. Whether a computer is rejecting a password or a heart is rejecting a transplant, odrzucić is the go-to term for any scenario where something is not accepted or is actively pushed away.
Literal Usage
Physically throwing an object back to someone, like a ball during a game or a stone found in a garden.
Formal Usage
The formal dismissal of an application, a court case, or a political proposal by an authority figure or institution.
Emotional Usage
The act of spurning someone's feelings or love, often resulting in a sense of abandonment or social exclusion.

Komisja zdecydowała się odrzucić nasz wniosek o dofinansowanie projektu.

Musiałem odrzucić tę ofertę pracy, ponieważ zarobki były zbyt niskie.

Zawodnik zdołał odrzucić piłkę na drugą stronę boiska przed gwizdkiem.

Nie możesz po prostu odrzucić moich uczuć bez żadnego wyjaśnienia.

System może odrzucić twoje hasło, jeśli zawiera niedozwolone znaki.

In everyday life, you will hear this word most often in the context of technology and bureaucracy. For example, when an ATM 'rejects' your card or when a government office 'rejects' a document due to an error. It is also common in sports, where a defender might 'throw back' or 'block' an opponent's move. In literature, it often describes a character's internal struggle to 'cast off' or 'reject' old habits or beliefs. The versatility of odrzucić makes it an indispensable tool for expressing negation in a formal or emphatic way. It is not just about declining; it is about the definitive exclusion of an option. When you odrzucić something, you are stating that it does not fit, is not wanted, or is not valid. This word bridges the gap between the physical world and the abstract world of ideas and social interactions.
Using odrzucić correctly requires an understanding of Polish cases, specifically the Accusative case (Biernik). When you reject something, that 'something' is the direct object and must be in the Accusative. For example, 'odrzucić ofertę' (to reject an offer) uses the feminine accusative 'ofertę'. In its perfective form, odrzucić is conjugated for past, future, and conditional tenses, but it does not have a present tense form (its present-looking forms actually indicate the future). This is a common stumbling block for English speakers who are used to using 'reject' in the present tense. If you want to say 'I am rejecting it right now', you must switch to the imperfective odrzucać. However, in most practical scenarios—like telling a friend you decided not to take a job—the perfective odrzucić is what you need because the decision is already made.
Past Tense Conjugation
Ja odrzuciłem (masc) / odrzuciłam (fem), Ty odrzuciłeś / odrzuciłaś, On odrzucił, Ona odrzuciła, Ono odrzuciło, My odrzuciliśmy / odrzuciłyśmy, Wy odrzuciliście / odrzuciłyście, Oni odrzucili, One odrzuciły.
Future Tense Conjugation
Ja odrzucę, Ty odrzucisz, On/Ona/Ono odrzuci, My odrzucimy, Wy odrzucicie, Oni/One odrzucą.
Imperative (Command)
Odrzuć! (Singular), Odrzućmy! (Let's reject), Odrzućcie! (Plural).

Jeśli propozycja będzie niekorzystna, po prostu ją odrzucę.

Dlaczego odrzuciłeś moje zaproszenie na kawę?

Sąd musiał odrzucić pozew z powodów formalnych.

Musimy odrzucić te stare metody i zacząć myśleć nowocześnie.

Czy naprawdę zamierzasz odrzucić taką szansę?

In more advanced usage, you will see odrzucić used with reflexive pronouns or in passive voice. For example, 'zostać odrzuconym' (to be rejected). This is common in psychological contexts, such as the fear of being rejected by a peer group. Another nuance is the use of the verb in scientific contexts, like 'organizm odrzucił przeszczep' (the body rejected the transplant). Here, the verb describes a biological process of non-acceptance. In everyday conversation, you might use it for something as simple as 'odrzucić połączenie' (to decline/reject a phone call) on your smartphone. This breadth of use—from biological organs to digital phone calls—shows how deeply embedded the concept of 'throwing back' or 'not accepting' is in the Polish linguistic consciousness. When practicing, try to pair the verb with different nouns to see how the meaning shifts slightly while maintaining the core concept of rejection.
In the modern Polish landscape, you will hear odrzucić in several distinct environments. The first and most common is the corporate and administrative world. If you are applying for a 'Karta Pobytu' (residency card) or a loan at a bank, the word odrzucić is the one you dread hearing. It signifies that your application did not meet the requirements. In news broadcasts, you will frequently hear about the Sejm (Polish parliament) deciding to odrzucić a bill or an amendment. This political usage is very standard. Another very common place is the digital world. Every smartphone user in Poland knows the button to 'odrzucić połączenie' when a telemarketer calls. In sports commentary, you will hear it when a goalkeeper 'rejects' or 'punches back' a ball, or when a team's defensive line 'rejects' an attack.
In the Office
'Niestety, musieliśmy odrzucić Pana kandydaturę.' (Unfortunately, we had to reject your candidacy.)
On Your Phone
'Odrzuć połączenie' is the standard label for the red button on most Polish-language mobile interfaces.
In Romantic Dramas
'Ona odrzuciła jego oświadczyny.' (She rejected his proposal/engagement offer.)

Słyszałeś? Bank odrzucił ich wniosek o kredyt hipoteczny.

Mój telefon automatycznie odrzucił ten numer jako spam.

Parlament zdecydował, by odrzucić poprawkę zgłoszoną przez opozycję.

Nie martw się, to że cię odrzucili, nie znaczy, że jesteś słaby.

Trener kazał nam odrzucić strach i grać agresywnie.

Beyond these practical uses, odrzucić appears in many philosophical and literary discussions. It is used to describe the act of rejecting tradition, rejecting God, or rejecting a previous lifestyle. It carries a heavy, decisive weight. In academic writing, you will see it used to describe hypotheses that were 'rejected' after testing. In psychological discourse, the 'lęk przed odrzuceniem' (fear of rejection) is a very common topic. Understanding the environments where this word appears helps you grasp its tone—it is professional, sometimes cold, and always definitive. It is a word of boundaries and decisions. When you hear it, you know that a path has been closed or a choice has been made. It is one of those words that defines the 'yes/no' binary of life with great clarity.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is confusing odrzucić with odmówić. While both can translate as 'to refuse' or 'to reject', they are used differently. Odmówić is typically used when you refuse to do something or when you refuse a person ('odmówić komuś'). Odrzucić is used when you reject a specific object, proposal, or idea ('odrzucić coś'). For instance, you 'odmawiasz pomocy' (refuse help), but you 'odrzucasz ofertę' (reject an offer). Another common error is using the wrong aspect. Since odrzucić is perfective, it cannot be used for habits. If you say 'Zawsze odrzucę jego prośby', it sounds like a future promise, whereas 'Zawsze odrzucam jego prośby' (imperfective) correctly describes a habit. Learners also struggle with the physical vs. figurative distinction. While odrzucić can mean 'to throw back', using it to mean 'to throw away' (as in trash) is usually better expressed by wyrzucić.
Odrzucić vs. Odmówić
Use 'odrzucić' for things/proposals; use 'odmówić' for actions/people. You reject (odrzucasz) a plan, but you refuse (odmawiasz) to go.
Odrzucić vs. Wyrzucić
Use 'wyrzucić' for garbage or getting rid of something permanently. Use 'odrzucić' for rejecting something offered or throwing something back.
Aspect Confusion
Don't use 'odrzucić' in the present tense. 'Odrzucę' means 'I will reject'. For 'I am rejecting', use 'odrzucam'.

Błąd: Odrzuciłem mu pójścia do kina. (Poprawnie: Odmówiłem mu...)

Błąd: Muszę odrzucić te śmieci. (Poprawnie: Muszę wyrzucić te śmieci.)

Błąd: On codziennie odrzuci moje maile. (Poprawnie: On codziennie odrzuca moje maile.)

Błąd: System odrzucił do mnie błąd. (Poprawnie: System wyświetlił błąd / odrzucił plik.)

Błąd: Odrzuć to psu! (Poprawnie: Rzuć to psu! - unless you are throwing it back to the dog.)

Another nuance involves the use of the preposition 'przez'. While in English we say 'rejected by', in Polish we often use 'zostać odrzuconym przez kogoś'. However, beginners often forget the 'zostać' (to become/be) and just say 'był odrzucony', which is acceptable but less precise for a completed action. Finally, be careful with the prefix. 'Podrzucić' means to drop something off or to plant something on someone, 'dorzucić' means to add/throw in, and 'przypuścić' is unrelated. The 'od-' is crucial for the 'away/reject' meaning. Mastering these distinctions will make your Polish sound much more natural and precise.
To truly enrich your Polish vocabulary, you should know the synonyms and related terms for odrzucić. Depending on the level of formality and the specific context, you might choose a different word. For instance, zignorować (to ignore) is used when you don't even consider the thing being rejected. Zlekceważyć (to slight/disregard) is stronger and implies a lack of respect. If you are specifically talking about turning down an invitation or a gift politely, odmówić is often better. In a legal or official context, you might see oddalić (to dismiss, e.g., a court case) or unieważnić (to invalidate). If the rejection is physical, like pushing someone away, odepchnąć is the correct term. Understanding these nuances allows you to express rejection with the appropriate 'flavor'.
Odmówić
More polite and common for verbal refusals. 'Odmówiłem zaproszenia' sounds like a polite 'no thank you'. 'Odrzuciłem zaproszenie' sounds more like a firm rejection of the event itself.
Odtrącić
Used for emotional rejection. 'Odtrącić kogoś' implies pushing someone away emotionally or physically in a hurtful way.
Znegować
A more academic or philosophical term meaning 'to negate' or 'to deny the validity of'.

Zamiast odrzucić moją propozycję, mógłbyś ją chociaż rozważyć.

Sędzia postanowił oddalić wniosek obrony o przesłuchanie świadka.

Nie powinieneś tak brutalnie odtrącać jej pomocy.

On po prostu zignorował moje ostrzeżenia, zamiast je odrzucić.

Musimy wykluczyć tę możliwość, zanim przejdziemy dalej.

In summary, while odrzucić is the most general and useful term for rejection, being aware of these alternatives will help you navigate different social and professional hierarchies. Use odrzucić when the decision is firm, odmówić when you are being polite or dealing with people, and oddalić in formal settings. This linguistic precision is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 speaker. By choosing the right word for 'reject', you communicate not just your choice, but your attitude and the context of the situation.
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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Odrzuć tę piłkę!

Throw back that ball!

Imperative (command) form for 'ty'.

2

Muszę odrzucić to połączenie.

I have to reject this call.

Infinitive after the modal verb 'muszę'.

3

Ona odrzuciła prezent.

She rejected the gift.

Past tense, 3rd person singular feminine.

4

Odrzuć to teraz.

Reject it now.

Simple imperative.

5

On odrzucił jabłko.

He threw away/rejected the apple.

Past tense, masculine.

6

Czy mogę to odrzucić?

Can I reject this?

Question with 'czy' and infinitive.

7

Odrzuć czerwony guzik.

Reject (press) the red button.

Noun in Accusative.

8

System odrzucił hasło.

The system rejected the password.

Subject-Verb-Object structure.

1

Odrzuciłem ofertę, bo była słaba.

I rejected the offer because it was weak.

Past tense with a reason clause.

2

Czy ona odrzuciła twoje zaproszenie?

Did she reject your invitation?

Past tense question.

3

Musimy odrzucić te stare rzeczy.

We must cast aside these old things.

Plural subject 'my'.

4

Odrzuć te negatywne myśli.

Reject those negative thoughts.

Figurative use of the imperative.

5

On odrzucił moją prośbę o pomoc.

He rejected my request for help.

Genitive used within the noun phrase 'prośbę o pomoc'.

6

Dlaczego odrzuciłeś to ciastko?

Why did you reject (refuse) that cookie?

Past tense, masculine singular.

7

Ona na pewno odrzuci ten pomysł.

She will surely reject this idea.

Future tense.

8

Odrzuciliśmy ich propozycję wczoraj.

We rejected their proposal yesterday.

Past tense plural.

1

Firma odrzuciła moją aplikację bez podania przyczyny.

The company rejected my application without giving a reason.

Formal sentence with prepositional phrase.

2

Nie możemy odrzucić tej szansy na sukces.

We cannot reject (miss) this chance for success.

Negative modal + infinitive.

3

Sąd odrzucił wniosek z powodu błędów.

The court rejected the motion due to errors.

Administrative/Legal context.

4

Odrzuciłam jego oświadczyny, bo go nie kocham.

I rejected his proposal because I don't love him.

Personal/Emotional context.

5

Jeśli nie poprawisz błędów, system odrzuci plik.

If you don't correct the errors, the system will reject the file.

Conditional 'jeśli' sentence.

6

Oni odrzucili naszą ofertę kupna domu.

They rejected our offer to buy the house.

Business transaction context.

7

Czy zamierzasz odrzucić tę propozycję współpracy?

Are you intending to reject this cooperation proposal?

Future intent with 'zamierzać'.

8

Odrzućmy te uprzedzenia i zacznijmy od nowa.

Let's reject these prejudices and start anew.

First person plural imperative ('let's').

1

Organizm pacjenta niestety odrzucił przeszczepioną nerkę.

The patient's body unfortunately rejected the transplanted kidney.

Medical terminology usage.

2

Większość posłów zdecydowała się odrzucić projekt ustawy.

Most MPs decided to reject the draft bill.

Political/Formal context.

3

Musiał odrzucić oskarżenia, które były całkowicie bezpodstawne.

He had to reject the accusations, which were completely baseless.

Abstract usage with relative clause.

4

Została odrzucona przez rówieśników w nowej szkole.

She was rejected by her peers in the new school.

Passive voice 'zostać odrzuconym'.

5

Autor odrzucił popularne konwencje i napisał coś nowatorskiego.

The author rejected popular conventions and wrote something innovative.

Literary/Artistic context.

6

Odrzucenie tej teorii zajęło naukowcom wiele lat.

Rejecting this theory took scientists many years.

Noun form 'odrzucenie' as a subject.

7

Nie możesz odrzucić odpowiedzialności za swoje czyny.

You cannot reject (shirk) responsibility for your actions.

Ethical/Moral context.

8

Odrzucili go z castingu, mimo że świetnie wypadł.

They rejected him from the casting even though he did great.

Impersonal 'they' construction.

1

Kategorycznie odrzucam wszelkie insynuacje pod moim adresem.

I categorically reject all insinuations directed at me.

High-level formal register.

2

Filozof ten odrzucił metafizykę na rzecz czystego empiryzmu.

This philosopher rejected metaphysics in favor of pure empiricism.

Academic/Philosophical context.

3

Wniosek kasacyjny został odrzucony przez Sąd Najwyższy.

The cassation appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court.

Specific legal terminology.

4

Odrzuciła go myśl, że mógłby kłamać w tak ważnej sprawie.

The thought that he could lie about such an important matter repulsed her.

Metaphorical use meaning 'to repulse' or 'to be cast off by a thought'.

5

Musimy odrzucić ten paradygmat, aby dokonać postępu.

We must reject this paradigm to make progress.

Scientific/Theoretical register.

6

Odrzucił płaszcz i rzucił się w wir walki.

He cast off his cloak and threw himself into the heat of the battle.

Literary/Archaic physical usage.

7

Jego kandydatura została odrzucona w pierwszej turze głosowania.

His candidacy was rejected in the first round of voting.

Passive voice in a political context.

8

Odrzućmy na bok emocje i skupmy się na faktach.

Let's cast aside emotions and focus on the facts.

Idiomatic use with 'na bok'.

1

Odrzucenie transcendencji stanowi fundament jego egzystencjalizmu.

The rejection of transcendence constitutes the foundation of his existentialism.

Complex abstract noun phrase.

2

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