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B1 verb 12 min read

压低

yadi
Examples
Explanation 压低 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to navigate basic daily interactions. The concept of 压低 (yādī) is introduced primarily in the context of volume control. Beginners learn to recognize simple commands and requests. The most critical phrase to master here is '压低声音' (yādī shēngyīn), which means 'lower your voice'. When visiting a library, a museum, or when someone is sleeping, a beginner might hear this phrase. It is taught alongside basic adjectives like 大 (big/loud) and 小 (small/quiet). While the grammatical structure of resultative complements (like 压 + 低) might be too advanced to analyze deeply, learners memorize the phrase as a set chunk. They understand that when a teacher or a parent says '请压低声音' (Please lower your voice), it is a cue to speak more quietly. This foundational understanding sets the stage for grasping the literal meaning of 'pressing down' to make something 'low'. The focus is strictly on comprehension and basic usage in highly predictable, everyday scenarios.
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As learners progress to the A2 level, their vocabulary expands to include basic commercial transactions and shopping scenarios. Here, the application of 压低 broadens significantly to include negotiations, specifically '压低价格' (yādī jiàgé - lower the price). Students learn how to bargain in markets, a vital survival skill in many Chinese-speaking regions. They practice sentences like '你能压低一点价格吗？' (Can you lower the price a little?). At this stage, they also begin to understand the active nature of the verb—that they are the ones trying to force the price down. The grammatical introduction of the '把' (bǎ) structure often begins around this level, allowing learners to construct slightly more complex sentences such as '把声音压低' (lower the voice). The physical meaning of the word might also be introduced in simple narratives, such as '压低帽子' (pull down the hat). The focus is on practical, transactional language and basic storytelling, moving beyond simple memorized chunks to active sentence construction.
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At the B1 level, 压低 is firmly established as a highly useful, versatile verb. Learners are now expected to use it comfortably across various contexts, distinguishing it from synonyms like 降低 (jiàngdī) and 减少 (jiǎnshǎo). They understand the nuance of intentionality—that 压低 requires an active agent applying effort. In business or workplace contexts, they learn phrases like '压低成本' (reduce costs). Grammatically, they master the use of the '把' construction with 压低, recognizing that '把价格压低' is more native-sounding than simply '压低价格' in many contexts. They also start using adverbial modifiers, such as '刻意压低' (deliberately lower) or '尽量压低' (try one's best to lower). In reading and listening, they encounter 压低 in news reports about the economy or in descriptive passages in short stories. The ability to express the active suppression of abstract concepts like costs or interest rates marks a significant step towards intermediate fluency, allowing for more nuanced expression of intent and action.
Reaching the B2 level, learners encounter 压低 in more complex, abstract, and literary contexts. The usage extends beyond simple prices and voices to include physical postures in sports or martial arts, such as '压低重心' (lower the center of gravity). They can comprehend and produce complex sentences where 压低 is part of a larger clause, such as '为了在竞争中获胜，公司不得不大幅度压低利润空间' (In order to win the competition, the company had to drastically reduce its profit margins). At this stage, learners are highly sensitive to the register and tone of the word. They recognize when 压低 is used metaphorically, such as '压低姿态' (keep a low profile / adopt a humble posture). They can also discuss the socio-economic implications of '压低工资' (suppressing wages) in debates or essays. The focus is on precision, idiomatic usage, and understanding the subtle emotional or strategic undertones when a speaker chooses 压低 over a more neutral word like 降低.
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At the C1 advanced level, the mastery of 压低 involves a deep understanding of its stylistic and rhetorical applications. Learners encounter the word in advanced literature, political discourse, and high-level professional environments. They analyze how authors use '压低声音' not just to indicate volume, but to build tension, convey secrecy, or illustrate power dynamics in a narrative. In economic texts, they discuss macro-level phenomena like '央行试图压低通胀预期' (The central bank attempts to suppress inflation expectations). They are fully comfortable with potential complements like '压不低' (cannot be pressed down) and use them to express frustration or impossibility in complex negotiations. Furthermore, C1 learners can effortlessly substitute 压低 with highly specific synonyms depending on the exact nuance required, knowing exactly when '压低' provides the perfect blend of active force and resultant state. The word becomes a tool for sophisticated argumentation and vivid storytelling, reflecting a near-native grasp of Chinese verb morphology.
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At the C2 level, learners possess a native-like intuition for 压低. They appreciate its etymological roots and its role in the broader landscape of Chinese resultative compounds. They can play with the word in creative writing, inventing novel contexts where 'pressing down' applies metaphorically to entirely new concepts. They understand regional variations or colloquial shortcuts involving the word. In highly specialized fields—such as acoustic engineering, macroeconomics, or biomechanics—they use 压低 with absolute precision. They can detect the slightest irony or subtext when a politician claims to be '压低' taxes while actually raising fees elsewhere. The word is completely internalized, allowing the C2 speaker to focus entirely on the message rather than the mechanics of the language. They can easily explain the difference between 压低 and its synonyms to a lower-level learner, demonstrating not just usage, but metalinguistic awareness and pedagogical capability. It is no longer just vocabulary; it is an integrated part of their expressive repertoire.
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Examples
The Chinese word 压低 (yādī) is a highly versatile and commonly used verb that translates literally to 'press low' or 'press down'. In everyday communication, it is utilized to describe the action of reducing the level, amount, or intensity of something, either physically or metaphorically. To truly grasp the essence of this word, one must look at its individual characters. The first character, 压 (yā), means to press, push down, or apply pressure. The second character, 低 (dī), means low, beneath, or lowered. When combined, they form a resultative verb compound, a very common grammatical structure in Mandarin Chinese where the first verb indicates the action and the second indicates the result of that action. Therefore, 压低 means applying pressure (literal or figurative) so that the object becomes low. This word is most frequently encountered in three primary contexts: lowering one's voice, reducing prices or costs, and physically pressing something down, such as the brim of a hat. When people want to speak confidentially, they will '压低声音' (yādī shēngyīn), which means to lower their voice to a whisper. In business or market scenarios, buyers will try to '压低价格' (yādī jiàgé), meaning they are trying to negotiate or force the price down.
Resultative Complement
A grammatical structure where the second character describes the outcome of the first character's action.

他把帽檐压低，不想让人认出他来。

Understanding the active nature of 压低 is crucial for learners. It is not a passive reduction; it requires an agent to exert force or effort. For instance, inflation might naturally '降低' (decrease), but a central bank must take action to '压低' (suppress) inflation rates. This nuance makes 压低 a powerful word in negotiations, emotional control, and physical descriptions. When you read Chinese literature, you will often see characters '压低声音' when sharing a secret, creating an atmosphere of suspense or intimacy. In financial news, companies are constantly looking for ways to '压低成本' (reduce costs) to maximize profits. The physical act of pressing something down is also common; for example, a person trying to hide their identity might press down their hat.
Collocation
Words that frequently occur together, such as 压低 and 声音 (voice) or 价格 (price).

为了买到便宜的衣服，她拼命压低价格。

By mastering this vocabulary item, learners unlock a more expressive and precise way to describe actions involving reduction and suppression. The word bridges the gap between physical manipulation and abstract economic or social concepts, making it indispensable for intermediate learners aiming for fluency. Whether you are haggling in a vibrant night market in Taipei or discussing cost-saving measures in a corporate boardroom in Shanghai, knowing how and when to deploy 压低 will significantly enhance your communicative competence. Furthermore, the concept of 'pressing down' extends to emotions, where one might '压低怒火' (suppress anger), although this is slightly less common than using words like 压抑 (yāyì). The core takeaway is the intentionality behind the action. It is deliberate, often forceful, and always goal-oriented.
Intentionality
The deliberate nature of the action, emphasizing that the reduction does not happen by accident.

老板要求我们想办法压低生产成本。

她压低了嗓门，悄悄告诉我这个秘密。

在图书馆里，请把声音压低。

Using 压低 (yādī) correctly in sentences requires an understanding of Chinese sentence structure, particularly the use of objects and the '把' (bǎ) construction. Because 压低 is a transitive verb, it almost always takes a direct object. The most common objects are 声音 (shēngyīn - voice), 价格 (jiàgé - price), and 成本 (chéngběn - cost). In a simple subject-verb-object (SVO) sentence, you place 压低 directly before the noun it modifies. For example, '他压低声音' (He lowered his voice). However, to sound more native and to emphasize the manipulation of the object, Chinese speakers frequently employ the '把' structure. The '把' structure is used when an action produces a specific result on an object, which perfectly aligns with the resultative nature of 压低. The formula is: Subject + 把 + Object + 压低 + (了/其他成分).
把 Structure
A grammatical construction focusing on the disposal or manipulation of an object, moving the object before the verb.

请你把声音压低一点，孩子在睡觉。

For instance, '他把价格压低了' (He pressed the price down). This structure highlights what happened to the price. When using 压低 in commands or requests, it is often paired with modifiers like '一点' (yīdiǎn - a little) or '一些' (yīxiē - some) to soften the tone. Saying '压低声音' can sound like a harsh command, whereas '把声音压低一点' is a polite request. Another important grammatical aspect is the use of aspect particles like '了' (le) to indicate completion. '她压低了声音' means she has completed the action of lowering her voice. You can also use potential complements with 压低, such as '压不低' (cannot press down) or '压得低' (can press down). For example, '这个价格我已经压不低了' (I cannot press this price down any further).
Potential Complement
Used to express the possibility or impossibility of achieving the result of an action.

房东不愿意把房租压低。

In complex sentences, 压低 can act as the purpose of another action. For instance, '为了压低成本，公司决定裁员' (In order to reduce costs, the company decided to lay off workers). Here, '为了' (wèile - in order to) introduces the goal, which is executed by the verb 压低. It is also common to see 压低 modified by adverbs of degree or manner. '刻意压低' (kèyì yādī - deliberately lower) or '拼命压低' (pīnmìng yādī - desperately press down) add emotional weight and descriptive power to the sentence. Understanding these structural patterns allows learners to use 压低 flexibly across various tenses and moods, from polite requests in a library to aggressive bargaining in a marketplace. The key is to remember that 压低 is an action verb that demands an object that can logically be 'pressed down' or reduced in scale, volume, or numerical value.
Adverbial Modification
Using words like 刻意 (deliberately) to modify how the action of 压低 is performed.

买车时，他试图把价格压低两万元。

她刻意压低了帽檐走过人群。

不管怎么说，他就是不肯压低利息。

The word 压低 (yādī) is ubiquitous in Chinese-speaking environments, bridging the gap between formal business jargon and everyday street language. One of the most common places you will hear this word is in retail environments, specifically in traditional markets, wholesale districts, or when dealing with independent vendors. Bargaining is a significant part of consumer culture in many parts of China, and the phrase '压低价格' (press down the price) is the ultimate goal of any savvy shopper. You might hear someone boast, '我把价格压低了一半' (I haggled the price down by half). In these scenarios, 压低 represents the active, sometimes aggressive, negotiation process. Moving from the market to the corporate world, 压低 is a staple in boardrooms and business meetings. Managers and executives constantly discuss ways to '压低成本' (reduce costs) or '压低预算' (lower the budget).
Business Context
In professional settings, 压低 is used to discuss financial reductions, emphasizing proactive management.

今年的主要目标是压低运营成本。

In this formal context, it demonstrates an active effort to control finances against market pressures. Another extremely common setting is in public spaces where quiet is expected or required, such as libraries, cinemas, hospitals, or during a performance. You will frequently hear parents telling their children, or friends reminding each other, to '把声音压低' (lower your voice). It is also used in secretive or confidential situations. If two colleagues are gossiping in the office, they will naturally '压低声音' so others cannot hear. This usage is heavily featured in movies, television dramas, and novels to build tension or indicate intimacy.
Social Etiquette
Using 压低 to manage vocal volume is a key part of maintaining public decorum.

护士提醒探访者压低声音。

Additionally, you might encounter 压低 in physical descriptions, especially regarding clothing. A suspicious character in a detective novel might '压低帽檐' (pull down the brim of their hat) to avoid being recognized. Sports commentators might use it to describe a player's stance: '压低重心' (lower the center of gravity) in basketball or martial arts to maintain balance and prepare for quick movement. The versatility of 压低 means that as a language learner, you will encounter it in news articles about the economy, in literary fiction, in everyday social interactions, and in instructional contexts. Recognizing the core concept of 'active reduction or lowering' will help you instantly understand the meaning regardless of the specific setting. By paying attention to these contexts, you can seamlessly integrate 压低 into your active vocabulary, sounding more natural and precise in your Chinese expression.
Physical Action
Pressing down physical objects or body parts to achieve a lower position.

防守时要注意压低身体重心。

他神秘地压低声音说话。

供应商被迫压低了报价。

When learning the word 压低 (yādī), students frequently make several common errors, usually stemming from a misunderstanding of its specific nuances compared to other words that mean 'to lower' or 'to reduce'. The most prevalent mistake is confusing 压低 with 降低 (jiàngdī). While both can translate to 'reduce' or 'lower', their usage and implications are different. 降低 is a general term for lowering and can be used for things that happen naturally or passively, such as temperature, standards, or general levels (e.g., 温度降低了 - the temperature dropped). 压低, on the other hand, implies an active, deliberate, and often forceful effort to push something down. You cannot say '温度压低了' unless you mean someone used a machine to forcefully suppress the temperature, which is awkward; you should use 降低.
Active vs Passive
压低 requires an active agent applying force, whereas 降低 can happen on its own.

错误：天气压低了温度。正确：天气降低了温度。

Another frequent error involves the choice of object. 压低 is typically used with specific nouns like 声音 (voice), 价格 (price), 成本 (cost), and 重心 (center of gravity). Learners sometimes mistakenly use it with abstract concepts like 'quality' (质量) or 'impact' (影响). To say 'lower the quality', you would use 降低质量, not 压低质量. 压低质量 sounds like you are physically pressing the quality down, which makes no sense. Similarly, another mistake is confusing 压低 with 减少 (jiǎnshǎo), which means to decrease in quantity or number. You can 减少数量 (reduce the quantity) of items you buy, but you 压低价格 (reduce the price). Using 压低数量 is incorrect because you cannot 'press down' a quantity; you decrease it.
Object Compatibility
Ensure the noun following 压低 is something that can logically be 'pressed down' in scale or volume.

错误：他压低了工作量。正确：他减少了工作量。

Grammatically, learners often forget to use the '把' structure when it would sound much more natural. While '他压低声音' is grammatically acceptable, '他把声音压低了' is far more idiomatic when describing a completed action of changing the state of the voice. Failing to use '把' can make the speaker sound slightly robotic or overly formal. Finally, a minor but notable mistake is pronunciation. The character 压 is first tone (yā), and 低 is also first tone (dī). Learners sometimes mispronounce them as second or fourth tones, which can lead to confusion. Maintaining the high, flat pitch for both syllables is essential for clear communication. By avoiding these common pitfalls—distinguishing it from 降低 and 减少, choosing the correct objects, and utilizing the '把' structure—learners can master the precise application of 压低 in their Chinese conversations.
Pronunciation Focus
Both characters yā and dī are first tone. Keep the pitch high and steady.

请把麦克风的音量压低。

不要试图压低我的底线。

他把帽檐压低，匆匆离开了。

To fully integrate 压低 (yādī) into your vocabulary, it is highly beneficial to understand its synonyms and related terms. The Chinese language is rich with verbs that express reduction, lowering, or decreasing, and choosing the right one depends on the exact context. The most common alternative is 降低 (jiàngdī). As discussed, 降低 is broader and means 'to lower' or 'to reduce' in a general sense. It can be used for standards (降低标准), temperature (降低温度), or risks (降低风险). While you can 降低价格 (reduce the price), using 压低价格 emphasizes the active struggle or negotiation to force the price down. Another related word is 减少 (jiǎnshǎo), which means 'to decrease' or 'to reduce in number/quantity'. You use 减少 for things that can be counted or measured in volume, such as 减少污染 (reduce pollution) or 减少开支 (reduce expenses).
降低 (jiàngdī)
General term for lowering or reducing. Can be active or passive. Broader application than 压低.

我们需要降低期望值，而不是压低价格。

When it comes to lowering one's voice, a common alternative to 压低声音 is 小声 (xiǎoshēng), which functions as an adjective or adverb meaning 'quiet' or 'in a low voice'. You can say '请小声一点' (Please be a little quieter) instead of '请把声音压低'. 小声 is more colloquial and frequently used in casual speech, while 压低声音 sounds slightly more descriptive and narrative. For physical actions, such as pressing down a hat, you might use 按下 (ànxià) meaning 'to press down', but this usually applies to buttons or keys, not clothing. Another interesting related word is 贬低 (biǎndī), which means 'to belittle' or 'to deprecate'. While it shares the character 低 (low), 贬低 is purely metaphorical and used to describe lowering someone's value or reputation through words. You cannot 贬低声音; you can only 贬低别人 (belittle others).
小声 (xiǎoshēng)
A more casual, everyday alternative when asking someone to lower their voice.

你可以小声点吗？不用刻意压低，自然点就好。

In economic contexts, 削减 (xuējiǎn) is a formal alternative meaning 'to cut down' or 'to slash'. You might read in the news that the government plans to 削减预算 (cut the budget). This is more severe than simply 压低预算 (pressing down the budget) and implies a significant removal of funds. Understanding these nuances allows for much more precise communication. If you are writing a formal business report, 削减 or 降低 might be more appropriate. If you are writing a story about a secret meeting, 压低 is perfect. If you are just telling your friend to be quiet in a cafe, 小声 is the best choice. By mapping out these related words, 压低 takes its rightful place in your mental dictionary as the specific verb for active, forceful reduction of price, cost, volume, or physical posture.
削减 (xuējiǎn)
Formal term for cutting or slashing, often used for budgets or personnel.

公司不仅压低了成本，还削减了员工福利。

请不要通过贬低别人来压低竞争标准。

他压低声音，小声抱怨着。

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Examples by Level

1

请压低声音。

Please lower your voice.

Basic imperative sentence structure.

2

在医院要压低声音。

You must lower your voice in the hospital.

Using 要 (must/need to) for rules.

3

他压低了声音。

He lowered his voice.

Using 了 to indicate completed action.

4

妈妈让我压低声音。

Mom asked me to lower my voice.

Using 让 (to let/make) in a pivotal sentence.

5

你可以压低声音吗？

Can you lower your voice?

Using 可以...吗 for polite requests.

6

这里很安静，请压低声音。

It is quiet here, please lower your voice.

Connecting two simple clauses.

7

老师压低了声音说话。

The teacher spoke in a lowered voice.

Using verb1 + verb2 structure.

8

大家都在睡觉，压低声音。

Everyone is sleeping, lower your voice.

Contextual imperative without subject.

1

我想把价格压低。

I want to press the price down.

Introduction of the 把 structure with 压低.

2

你能把价格压低一点吗？

Can you lower the price a little bit?

Using 一点 to soften the request.

3

他把帽子压低了。

He pulled his hat down low.

Using 压低 for physical objects.

4

买东西时，她喜欢压低价格。

When shopping, she likes to bargain the price down.

Using 时 to indicate 'when'.

5

为了睡觉，他压低了电视声音。

In order to sleep, he lowered the TV volume.

Using 为了 to indicate purpose.

6

老板不同意压低价格。

The boss does not agree to lower the price.

Negative sentence with 不同意.

7

请把音乐声音压低。

Please turn down the music volume.

Using 把 in a polite command.

8

他刻意压低了声音。

He deliberately lowered his voice.

Using the adverb 刻意 (deliberately).

1

为了压低成本，公司决定减少员工。

To reduce costs, the company decided to reduce staff.

Using 压低 in a business context with 成本 (cost).

2

这个价格已经很便宜了，不能再压低了。

This price is already very cheap, it cannot be lowered any further.

Using the potential complement 不能再...了.

3

他压低嗓门，神秘地对我说了一个秘密。

He lowered his voice and mysteriously told me a secret.

Using 嗓门 (voice/throat) and adverbial 地.

4

打篮球时，防守者必须压低重心。

When playing basketball, the defender must lower their center of gravity.

Using 压低 with physical concepts like 重心.

5

买家拼命想把房价压低。

The buyer desperately wanted to press the house price down.

Using 拼命 (desperately) to show intense effort.

6

政府出台政策以压低通货膨胀。

The government introduced policies to suppress inflation.

Using 以 to indicate purpose.

7

她压低帽檐，不想被记者认出来。

She pulled her hat brim down, not wanting to be recognized by reporters.

Using 压低 with 帽檐 (hat brim).

8

如果不能压低进货价，我们就没有利润。

If we cannot lower the purchase price, we will have no profit.

Conditional sentence with 如果.

1

在激烈的市场竞争中，各家企业都在想方设法压低生产成本。

In fierce market competition, all enterprises are trying every means to lower production costs.

Complex sentence structure with idiomatic phrase 想方设法.

2

他试图压低姿态，以求获得对方的谅解。

He tried to keep a low profile in order to gain the other party's forgiveness.

Metaphorical use of 压低姿态 (low profile/humble stance).

3

中央银行通过提高利率来压低过热的经济增长。

The central bank suppresses overheated economic growth by raising interest rates.

Using 通过...来... structure for methods and results.

4

无论我怎么讨价还价，那个固执的商人就是不肯压低分毫。

No matter how I bargained, that stubborn merchant just refused to lower it by a single cent.

Advanced conditional 无论...都... and emphatic 就是不肯.

5

她极力压低内心的怒火，表面上依然保持着微笑。

She tried hard to suppress her inner anger, maintaining a smile on the surface.

Using 压低 for abstract emotions (怒火).

6

为了不惊动熟睡的婴儿，他们连走路的脚步声都刻意压低了。

In order not to wake the sleeping baby, they deliberately suppressed even the sound of their footsteps.

Using 连...都... structure for emphasis.

7

承包商为了中标，恶意压低报价，导致工程质量堪忧。

In order to win the bid, the contractor maliciously lowered the quote, leading to worrying project quality.

Using adverbs like 恶意 (maliciously) to describe the action.

8

武术教练强调，出拳前必须压低底盘，才能发力。

The martial arts coach emphasized that before punching, one must lower their stance to generate power.

Specialized vocabulary (底盘 - stance/base) combined with 压低.

1

在全球供应链重组的背景下，跨国公司面临着前所未有的压低供应链成本的压力。

Against the backdrop of global supply chain restructuring, multinational companies face unprecedented pressure to lower supply chain costs.

Complex noun phrase modifying 压力.

2

小说家通过描写主人公压低嗓音的细节，巧妙地烘托出当时紧张压抑的政治氛围。

By describing the detail of the protagonist lowering his voice, the novelist cleverly highlights the tense and oppressive political atmosphere of the time.

Literary analysis terminology (烘托出 - highlight/set off).

3

这种通过压低农民收入来补贴城市发展的剪刀差政策，最终被证明是不可持续的。

This scissors-difference policy of subsidizing urban development by suppressing farmers' incomes eventually proved to be unsustainable.

Advanced economic terminology (剪刀差 - price scissors).

4

他那刻意压低的语调中，透露出一种不容置疑的威严和冷酷。

His deliberately lowered tone revealed an unquestionable majesty and ruthlessness.

Abstract noun modification (透露出 - reveal).

5

面对强势的并购方，被收购企业只能委曲求全，不断压低自身的估值预期。

Facing the aggressive acquirer, the acquired company could only compromise and constantly lower its own valuation expectations.

Idiom usage (委曲求全 - compromise for the sake of the general interest).

6

声学工程师们致力于研发新型材料，以期最大限度地压低机舱内的环境噪音。

Acoustic engineers are dedicated to developing new materials in hopes of maximizing the suppression of ambient noise in the cabin.

Formal academic/technical structure (致力于, 以期).

7

在谈判桌上，适时地压低身段往往能换取更大的实质性让步。

At the negotiation table, appropriately lowering one's stance can often be exchanged for greater substantive concessions.

Strategic business/diplomatic language (实质性让步 - substantive concessions).

8

为了迎合大众市场的低价需求，许多品牌不得不牺牲品质，一味地压低制造成本。

To cater to the mass market's demand for low prices, many brands have to sacrifice quality and blindly press down manufacturing costs.

Critical tone using 一味地 (blindly/persistently).

1

在宏观调控的博弈中，央行试图通过精准的货币工具，在不引发经济衰退的前提下压低核心通胀率。

In the game of macroeconomic regulation, the central bank attempts to use precise monetary tools to suppress the core inflation rate without triggering an economic recession.

Highly technical macroeconomic discourse.

2

那是一种被岁月磨砺后刻意压低的锋芒，看似温和无害，实则暗藏雷霆万钧之力。

It was an edge deliberately suppressed after being honed by the years, seemingly mild and harmless, but actually hiding the power of a thunderbolt.

Literary and poetic expression using idioms (雷霆万钧).

3

资本的逐利本性决定了其必然会通过各种隐蔽手段压低劳动力再生产的成本，从而榨取更多剩余价值。

The profit-seeking nature of capital dictates that it will inevitably use various hidden means to suppress the cost of labor reproduction, thereby extracting more surplus value.

Marxist economic theory vocabulary (剩余价值 - surplus value).

4

与其在红海市场中通过无底线地压低单价来苟延残喘，不如另辟蹊径，寻找高附加值的蓝海。

Rather than lingering on its last breath in the red ocean market by bottomlessly lowering unit prices, it is better to carve out a new path and find a high-value-added blue ocean.

Advanced business strategy idiom usage (苟延残喘, 另辟蹊径).

5

他在权力斗争中深谙蛰伏之道，长期压低自己的存在感，直到对手露出破绽才给予致命一击。

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