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B1 noun 10 min read

精密

jing1 mi4

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 精密 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 精密 in your Level:

400+w

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

精密 in 30 Seconds

精密 (jīngmì) means precise, accurate, and detailed.
Used for technical equipment, fine craftsmanship, and exact measurements.
Implies high quality and meticulous attention to detail.

The Chinese word 精密 (jīngmì) is an adjective that signifies a high degree of precision, accuracy, and meticulous attention to detail. It's used to describe things that are exact, finely made, or operate with great exactness. Think of it as the opposite of rough, approximate, or general. When something is described as 精密, it implies that it has been designed, manufactured, or measured with extreme care, leaving no room for error or vagueness.

This term is particularly common in technical, scientific, and manufacturing contexts. For instance, you might hear it used to describe scientific instruments that require exact readings, complex machinery that needs to function flawlessly, or even intricate designs that demand perfect execution. It conveys a sense of sophistication and high quality, suggesting that a great deal of effort has gone into ensuring its accuracy and reliability. The word emphasizes the absence of sloppiness and the presence of careful planning and execution.

Beyond technical fields, 精密 can also be used to describe abstract concepts or actions that require great accuracy. For example, a surgeon performing a delicate operation might be commended for their 精密 technique. Similarly, a financial analyst might present a 精密 report that meticulously details every aspect of a market trend. The core idea remains consistent: a high standard of exactness and carefulness in every aspect.

Understanding 精密 helps you appreciate the nuances of describing accuracy and detail in Chinese. It’s a word that elevates the description from merely 'accurate' to 'exceptionally accurate' and 'made with great care.' When you encounter this word, picture tiny gears in a watch, the calibration of a scientific instrument, or the careful planning of a complex project – all these embody the spirit of 精密.

Core Meaning: Exactness and accuracy in detail or execution.
Usage Contexts: Technical equipment, scientific instruments, manufacturing, detailed analysis, delicate procedures.
Connotation: High quality, sophistication, reliability, meticulousness.

这个显微镜的分辨率非常精密。

This microscope has a very precise resolution.

工程师正在对机械臂进行精密的校准。

The engineer is performing precise calibration on the robotic arm.

Example Scenario: Imagine a factory producing microchips. The machines used must be incredibly 精密 to etch the circuits without any defects. A slight inaccuracy could render the entire chip useless. This highlights the critical importance of 精密 in high-stakes manufacturing.

Using 精密 in sentences often involves describing nouns that are inherently associated with accuracy, such as instruments, machinery, or measurements. It can also modify actions or processes that require a high degree of exactness. The word typically appears before the noun it modifies, functioning as an adjective.

In technical and scientific contexts, 精密 is frequently paired with words like '仪器' (yíqì - instrument), '设备' (shèbèi - equipment), '机械' (jīxiè - machinery), '测量' (cèliáng - measurement), and '控制' (kòngzhì - control). For example, '精密仪器' (jīngmì yíqì) refers to precision instruments, and '精密机械' (jīngmì jīxiè) means precision machinery. These phrases are fundamental in describing high-tech industries.

Beyond tangible objects, 精密 can also describe abstract qualities or processes. You might hear about '精密计算' (jīngmì jìsuàn - precise calculation) or '精密分析' (jīngmì fēnxī - precise analysis). In these cases, it emphasizes the thoroughness and exactness of the intellectual or analytical work being done. The word adds a layer of sophistication and reliability to the description.

Consider the structure: Subject + Verb + Adverbial Phrase (including 精密) + Object. For instance, '这项工作需要精密的计算' (Zhè xiàng gōngzuò xūyào jīngmì de jìsuàn - This task requires precise calculations). Here, '精密' modifies '计算' (calculations) through the particle '的' (de).

Another common pattern is using 精密 as part of a description of a system or process. For example, '这个系统运行得非常精密' (Zhège xìtǒng yùnxíng de fēicháng jīngmì - This system operates very precisely). Here, 精密 acts as a complement describing the manner of operation. This usage highlights the functional accuracy of something.

Adjective Placement: Usually placed before the noun it modifies, often with '的' (de).
Common Noun Collocations: 精密仪器 (precision instrument), 精密机械 (precision machinery), 精密计算 (precise calculation), 精密控制 (precise control).
Predicate Usage: Can be used as a predicate to describe the manner of an action or the quality of a system.

我们需要一套精密的测量工具来完成这个项目。

We need a set of precise measuring tools to complete this project.

这个科学实验要求对温度进行精密的控制。

This scientific experiment requires precise control of the temperature.

You'll frequently encounter 精密 in conversations and media related to technology, manufacturing, science, and engineering. Think of product descriptions for high-end electronics, news reports about technological advancements, or discussions among professionals in technical fields. It's a word that signals a certain level of sophistication and quality.

In the realm of manufacturing, especially in industries like automotive, aerospace, and electronics, 精密 is a cornerstone term. When a company boasts about its '精密制造' (jīngmì zhìzào - precision manufacturing) capabilities, they are emphasizing their ability to produce components with extremely tight tolerances and high accuracy. This word is often used in marketing materials and technical specifications to attract clients who require high-quality parts.

Scientific research and development also heavily rely on this term. Discussions about new scientific instruments, the calibration of laboratory equipment, or the detailed analysis of experimental data will often feature 精密. For example, a scientist might describe their '精密仪器' (jīngmì yíqì - precision instruments) as crucial for obtaining reliable results. This underscores the word's association with accuracy and scientific rigor.

In everyday life, while less frequent, you might hear 精密 when discussing high-quality consumer goods that involve intricate engineering, such as luxury watches ('精密手表' - jīngmì shǒubiǎo) or advanced camera lenses. The term implies a level of craftsmanship and attention to detail that justifies a higher price point.

Furthermore, in fields like medicine, particularly surgery, the term might be used to describe the meticulous nature of procedures or the specialized instruments employed. A surgeon's '精密操作' (jīngmì cāozuò - precise operation) is a testament to their skill and the quality of the tools they use. This shows the word's application in contexts where accuracy is paramount for success and safety.

Common Domains: Manufacturing, engineering, technology, science, medicine, high-end consumer goods.
Media Examples: Product reviews for electronics, documentaries on engineering marvels, news about scientific breakthroughs, technical manuals.
Everyday Usage: Discussing high-quality items like watches, cameras, or advanced appliances where precision is a key feature.

在汽车制造行业，精密的零件是保证车辆安全和性能的关键。

In the automotive manufacturing industry, precise parts are key to ensuring vehicle safety and performance.

科学家们使用精密的仪器来观测遥远的星系。

Scientists use precise instruments to observe distant galaxies.

One common mistake learners make with 精密 is using it interchangeably with simpler words for 'accurate' or 'exact' in contexts where its specific meaning of meticulous detail and high-level exactness is required. For instance, while '准确' (zhǔnquè) means accurate, 精密 implies a higher degree of exactness, often related to complex mechanisms or very fine measurements.

Another pitfall is misapplying 精密 to everyday, general situations where it sounds overly technical or even pretentious. For example, describing a simple drawing as 精密 might be an exaggeration unless the drawing itself has incredibly fine details and exact proportions. It's better suited for describing machinery, scientific data, or complex designs.

Learners might also struggle with the grammatical usage, sometimes placing it incorrectly in a sentence or omitting the necessary '的' (de) when it modifies a noun. For instance, saying '精密测量工具' instead of '精密的测量工具' can sound awkward or incorrect, although in some very established collocations, '的' might be omitted for brevity.

Confusing 精密 with words that simply mean 'careful' or 'thorough' without the emphasis on exactness is also a common error. While carefulness is a prerequisite for precision, 精密 specifically points to the outcome of that care: a high degree of accuracy and fine detail. For instance, a careful review of a document is not necessarily 精密 unless it involves exact verification of every minute detail.

Finally, some learners might overgeneralize its use to describe abstract concepts without sufficient justification. While 精密 can describe precise analysis or calculations, it should be used when the exactness is a defining characteristic and not just a general quality of being correct. It’s important to reserve this word for situations where the highest level of accuracy and detail is truly applicable.

Misapplication: Using 精密 for general accuracy instead of meticulous detail.
Overuse: Applying it to simple, everyday objects or situations where it sounds exaggerated.
Grammar Errors: Incorrect placement or omission of '的' (de) when modifying nouns.
Conceptual Confusion: Confusing it with simply 'careful' or 'thorough' without the emphasis on exactness.

Incorrect: 这个画很精密。 (This drawing is very precise.)
Correct: 这个画有精密的细节。 (This drawing has precise details.) OR 这个画很准确。 (This drawing is accurate.)

Distinguishing between 'precise' and merely 'accurate'.

Incorrect: 我有一个精密的想法。 (I have a precise idea.)
Correct: 我有一个清晰的想法。 (I have a clear idea.) OR 我有一个周密的计划。 (I have a meticulous plan.)

Ideas are not typically described as 'precise' in the same way machinery is.

While 精密 (jīngmì) denotes a high degree of exactness and meticulous detail, several other words in Chinese convey related but distinct meanings of accuracy and precision. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the most appropriate term for a given context.

准确 (zhǔnquè): This is a more general term for 'accurate' or 'correct.' It focuses on the correctness of a statement, measurement, or action without necessarily implying the same level of intricate detail or fine craftsmanship as 精密. For example, '这个答案很准确' (Zhège dá'àn hěn zhǔnquè - This answer is very accurate) uses 准确 for correctness. 精密 would be too strong here.

精确 (jīngquè): This word is very close in meaning to 精密 and is often used interchangeably in some contexts. However, 精确 tends to emphasize the exactness of numerical values or measurements. For instance, '精确的数字' (jīngquè de shùzì - precise numbers/figures) or '精确到小数点后三位' (jīngquè dào xiǎoshùdiǎn hòu sān wèi - precise to three decimal places). While 精密 can encompass this, it also carries a broader sense of fine construction and intricate operation.

细致 (xìzhì): This adjective means 'meticulous,' 'detailed,' or 'careful.' It describes a manner of doing things or a quality of something that involves great attention to small details. While 精密 often results from being 细致, 细致 itself doesn't guarantee the same level of exactness. For example, '他做事很细致' (Tā zuòshì hěn xìzhì - He does things meticulously). You might need 精密 tools to achieve the results of meticulous work.

严谨 (yánjǐn): This term means 'rigorous,' 'strict,' or 'cautious.' It's often used to describe academic research, logical arguments, or scientific methodology that is free from errors and adheres to strict standards. '严谨的学术态度' (yánjǐn de xuéshù tàidù - rigorous academic attitude). While related to precision, 严谨 focuses more on logical soundness and adherence to rules, whereas 精密 is about the physical or numerical exactness.

Comparison Table

Word	Meaning	Focus	Example Usage
精密 (jīngmì)	Precise, accurate, detailed	Meticulous detail, fine construction, complex mechanisms	精密仪器 (precision instrument)
准确 (zhǔnquè)	Accurate, correct	General correctness, rightness	准确的答案 (accurate answer)
精确 (jīngquè)	Precise, exact	Numerical exactness, measurements	精确的测量 (precise measurement)
细致 (xìzhì)	Meticulous, detailed, careful	Attention to small details	细致的观察 (meticulous observation)
严谨 (yánjǐn)	Rigorous, strict	Logical soundness, adherence to standards	严谨的逻辑 (rigorous logic)

A surgeon's work needs to be 精密 and 细致.

Precision and meticulousness in surgery.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character '精' (jīng) is often associated with concepts of essence, spirit, or fine quality. For example, '精神' (jīngshén) means spirit or mind, and '精华' (jīnghuá) means essence or best part. Its use in 精密 highlights the refined and high-quality nature of the precision.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /t͡ɕɪŋ⁵ mi¹³/

US /t͡ɕɪŋ⁵ mi¹³/

There is no lexical stress in Mandarin Chinese; instead, tones are used. The pitch contour of each syllable is important.

Rhymes With

líng (零) qīng (清) xīn (心) yī (衣) lì (力) jì (计) tǐ (体) dǐ (底)

Common Errors

Incorrect tone for 'jīng' (e.g., using a flat tone instead of falling-rising).
Incorrect tone for 'mì' (e.g., using a falling tone instead of mid-level).
Pronouncing the initial 'j' too much like English 'j' in 'jump' instead of a palatalized sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

While the word itself is not overly complex, its usage in technical contexts can make reading challenging for beginners. Understanding the specific fields where it's applied is key.

Writing 3/5

Applying 精密 correctly requires understanding its nuances and avoiding overuse in general contexts. Choosing the right collocations is also important.

Speaking 3/5

Correct pronunciation and tone are essential. Using 精密 in natural conversation, especially in technical discussions, requires practice.

Listening 3/5

Recognizing 精密 in spoken Mandarin, particularly in fast-paced technical discussions or broadcasts, can be challenging due to its tones and context-dependent meaning.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

准确 (zhǔnquè - accurate) 详细 (xiángxì - detailed) 技术 (jìshù - technology) 仪器 (yíqì - instrument) 机械 (jīxiè - machine)

Learn Next

精确 (jīngquè - precise, exact) 精细 (jīngxì - fine, delicate) 精巧 (jīngqiǎo - exquisite, ingenious) 严谨 (yánjǐn - rigorous, strict) 细致 (xìzhì - meticulous)

Advanced

微米 (wēimǐ - micrometer) 纳米 (nàmǐ - nanometer) 公差 (gōngchā - tolerance) 校准 (jiàozhǔn - calibrate) 自动化 (zìdònghuà - automation)

Grammar to Know

Adjective + 的 + Noun

This is a fundamental pattern for using adjectives before nouns. For 精密, it's often used as in '精密的仪器' (jīngmì de yíqì - precise instrument).

Verb + 得 + Complement

This structure describes the manner or degree of an action. 精密 can be used as a complement: '他操作得非常精密' (Tā cāozuò de fēicháng jīngmì - He operates very precisely).

Noun + 是 + Adjective

A simple declarative sentence structure. For example: '这个设计很精密' (Zhège shèjì hěn jīngmì - This design is very precise).

Noun + 的 + Noun + 性

Forming abstract nouns indicating quality. For example: '精密性' (jīngmì xìng - precision/the quality of being precise).

Adverb + Adjective

Using adverbs like '非常' (fēicháng - very), '极其' (jíqí - extremely), or '高度' (gāodù - highly) to intensify the adjective. For example: '高度精密' (gāodù jīngmì - highly precise).

Examples by Level

这个玩具很精密。

This toy is very precise.

他的测量很精密。

His measurement is very precise.

这个钟表很精密。

This clock is very precise.

需要精密的手。

Requires precise hands.

这是精密的设计。

This is a precise design.

仪器需要精密。

The instrument needs to be precise.

工作要精密。

The work must be precise.

它的结构很精密。

Its structure is very precise.

这个显微镜的分辨率非常精密。

This microscope's resolution is very precise.

工程师正在对机械臂进行精密校准。

The engineer is performing precise calibration on the robotic arm.

制作模型需要精密的手法。

Making models requires precise techniques.

这个数据需要精密分析。

This data requires precise analysis.

手术需要非常精密的操作。

Surgery requires very precise operations.

这个机器的零件非常精密。

The parts of this machine are very precise.

我们要用精密设备来测量。

We must use precise equipment to measure.

这个制图非常精密。

This drafting is very precise.

在现代制造业中，精密加工是保证产品质量的关键。

In modern manufacturing, precision machining is key to ensuring product quality.

精密加工 (jīngmì jiāgōng) - precision machining.

这项研究依赖于精密仪器的精确读数。

This research relies on the precise readings of precision instruments.

Note the combination of 精密 (precision instrument) and 精确 (precise readings).

工程师们正在进行一项精密的设计。

The engineers are carrying out a precise design.

只有通过精密计算，才能预测天气变化。

Only through precise calculation can we predict weather changes.

精密计算 (jīngmì jìsuàn) - precise calculation.

这款手表以其精密复杂的机芯而闻名。

This watch is famous for its precise and complex movement.

机芯 (jīxīn) - watch movement.

航天器需要精密导航系统来确保安全着陆。

Spacecraft require precise navigation systems to ensure safe landing.

导航系统 (dǎoháng xìtǒng) - navigation system.

在微电子领域，每一个步骤都要求极高的精密性。

In the microelectronics field, every step demands extremely high precision.

微电子 (wēi diànzǐ) - microelectronics. 精密性 (jīngmì xìng) - precision (noun form).

这个控制系统能够实现对温度的精密调节。

This control system can achieve precise regulation of temperature.

调节 (tiáojié) - regulation/adjustment.

高精度的3D打印技术使得制造复杂零件成为可能，大大提高了生产的精密性。

High-precision 3D printing technology makes it possible to manufacture complex parts, greatly improving production precision.

高精度 (gāo jīngdù) - high precision. 3D打印技术 (3D dǎyìn jìshù) - 3D printing technology.

为了确保实验数据的可靠性，我们必须使用精密校准的设备。

To ensure the reliability of experimental data, we must use precisely calibrated equipment.

可靠性 (kěkào xìng) - reliability. 校准 (jiàozhǔn) - calibrate.

该公司的精密制造能力在行业内处于领先地位。

The company's precision manufacturing capabilities are in a leading position within the industry.

精密制造 (jīngmì zhìzào) - precision manufacturing. 行业内 (hángyè nèi) - within the industry.

在精密光学领域，任何微小的偏差都可能导致成像质量严重下降。

In the field of precision optics, any slight deviation can lead to a severe decline in image quality.

光学 (guāngxué) - optics. 偏差 (piānchā) - deviation/error.

精密机械的设计需要考虑材料的疲劳度和长期稳定性。

The design of precision machinery requires consideration of material fatigue and long-term stability.

疲劳度 (píláodù) - fatigue level. 稳定性 (wěndìng xìng) - stability.

通过精密分析，科学家们揭示了这种新材料的独特结构。

Through precise analysis, scientists revealed the unique structure of this new material.

揭示 (jiēshì) - revealed. 新材料 (xīn cáiliào) - new material.

医疗设备中的精密部件对于患者的生命安全至关重要。

Precision components in medical equipment are crucial for patient life safety.

医疗设备 (yīliáo shèbèi) - medical equipment. 至关重要 (zhì guān zhòngyào) - extremely important/crucial.

精密陶瓷因其高强度和耐磨性，在航空航天领域有广泛应用。

Precision ceramics, due to their high strength and wear resistance, have wide applications in the aerospace field.

精密陶瓷 (jīngmì táocí) - precision ceramics. 航空航天 (hángkōng hángtiān) - aerospace.

通过对量子效应的精密控制，科学家们有望实现更高效的计算。

Through precise control of quantum effects, scientists hope to achieve more efficient computation.

量子效应 (liàngzǐ xiàoyìng) - quantum effects. 有望 (yǒuwàng) - to be hopeful/expect.

这项精密的外科手术需要顶尖的团队协作和最先进的设备支持。

This precise surgical operation requires top-tier teamwork and the most advanced equipment support.

顶尖 (dǐngjiān) - top-tier. 团队协作 (tuánduì xiézuò) - teamwork.

纳米技术的发展依赖于在原子和分子层面的精密操作。

The development of nanotechnology relies on precise manipulation at the atomic and molecular levels.

纳米技术 (nàmǐ jìshù) - nanotechnology. 原子和分子层面 (yuánzǐ hé fēnzǐ céngmiàn) - atomic and molecular levels.

精密机械的设计理念是将复杂的功能集成到紧凑的结构中。

The design philosophy of precision machinery is to integrate complex functions into compact structures.

设计理念 (shèjì lǐniàn) - design philosophy. 集成 (jíchéng) - integrate.

对宇宙背景辐射的精密测量有助于我们理解宇宙的起源。

Precise measurement of cosmic background radiation helps us understand the origin of the universe.

宇宙背景辐射 (yǔzhòu bèijǐng fúshè) - cosmic background radiation. 起源 (qǐyuán) - origin.

精密光学元件的制造需要极端的洁净度和控制。

The manufacturing of precision optical components requires extreme cleanliness and control.

光学元件 (guāngxué yuánjiàn) - optical components. 极端 (jíduān) - extreme.

精密仪器制造商不断追求技术上的突破，以满足日益增长的市场需求。

Manufacturers of precision instruments continuously pursue technological breakthroughs to meet growing market demands.

制造商 (zhìzào shāng) - manufacturer. 日益增长 (rìyì zēngzhǎng) - increasingly growing.

在生物工程领域，基因编辑的精密性是实现预期治疗效果的关键。

In the field of bioengineering, the precision of gene editing is key to achieving the desired therapeutic effects.

生物工程 (shēngwù gōngchéng) - bioengineering. 基因编辑 (jīyīn biānjí) - gene editing.

对基础物理学的精密探索，揭示了宇宙运行的根本规律。

Precise exploration of fundamental physics has revealed the fundamental laws governing the universe.

基础物理学 (jīchǔ wùlǐxué) - fundamental physics. 根本规律 (gēnběn guīlǜ) - fundamental laws.

精密机械工程在设计和制造过程中，需严谨遵循多学科的交叉知识。

Precision mechanical engineering requires rigorous adherence to interdisciplinary knowledge in its design and manufacturing processes.

交叉知识 (jiāochā zhīshì) - interdisciplinary knowledge.

精密分析化学在识别和量化痕量物质方面发挥着不可替代的作用。

Precision analytical chemistry plays an irreplaceable role in identifying and quantifying trace substances.

分析化学 (fēnxī huàxué) - analytical chemistry. 痕量物质 (hénliàng wùzhì) - trace substances.

精密仪器制造的最高境界在于能够模拟和测量最微观的现象。

The ultimate achievement in precision instrument manufacturing lies in the ability to simulate and measure the most microscopic phenomena.

最高境界 (zuìgāo jìngjiè) - ultimate achievement/pinnacle. 模拟 (mónǐ) - simulate.

精密控制理论是现代工程学中不可或缺的一部分，尤其在自动化领域。

The theory of precise control is an indispensable part of modern engineering, especially in the field of automation.

控制理论 (kòngzhì lǐlùn) - control theory. 不可或缺 (bùkě huòquē) - indispensable.

在精密医学领域，个体化治疗方案的制定需要海量数据的精密分析。

In the field of precision medicine, the formulation of personalized treatment plans requires precise analysis of massive amounts of data.

精密医学 (jīngmì yīxué) - precision medicine. 个体化治疗方案 (gètǐ huà zhìliáo fāng'àn) - personalized treatment plans.

精密制造技术的进步直接推动了新材料科学的发展。

The advancement of precision manufacturing technology directly drives the development of new material science.

新材料科学 (xīn cáiliào kēxué) - new material science.

精密光学仪器在天文学和粒子物理学等前沿科学研究中扮演着核心角色。

Precision optical instruments play a core role in cutting-edge scientific research such as astronomy and particle physics.

前沿科学研究 (qiányán kēxué yánjiū) - cutting-edge scientific research. 粒子物理学 (lìzǐ wùlǐxué) - particle physics.

Synonyms

精确准确细致严谨详尽周密精巧尖端

Antonyms

粗糙模糊概括随意

Common Collocations

精密仪器

精密机械

精密计算

精密控制

精密加工

精密测量

精密设计

精密制造

精密部件

精密操作

Common Phrases

精密仪器

— Precision instruments; highly accurate scientific or technical equipment.

科学家们使用精密仪器来观测微小的粒子。

精密机械

— Precision machinery; machines built to exacting standards for high accuracy.

这家工厂生产的精密机械在国际上享有盛誉。

精密计算

— Precise calculation; calculations performed with great accuracy.

进行精密计算是确保项目成功的必要步骤。

精密控制

— Precise control; exact regulation or management of a system or process.

现代工业生产离不开精密控制技术。

精密加工

— Precision machining; manufacturing processes that achieve very high accuracy.

精密加工是制造高科技产品的基础。

精密测量

— Precise measurement; taking measurements with extreme accuracy.

精密测量是科学实验中不可或缺的一环。

精密设计

— Precise design; a design characterized by exactness and attention to detail.

这款手表的设计非常精密，体现了匠心独运。

精密制造

— Precision manufacturing; the production of goods with very high accuracy and tight tolerances.

精密制造能力是衡量一个国家工业水平的重要标志。

精密部件

— Precision components; parts made to exact specifications.

许多高科技产品都依赖于精密部件的组装。

精密操作

— Precise operation; performing a task with extreme accuracy and care.

医生在进行复杂手术时，每一个精密操作都至关重要。

Often Confused With

精密 vs 准确 (zhǔnquè)

准确 means accurate or correct in a general sense. 精密 implies a higher degree of exactness, often related to fine details, complex mechanisms, or measurements requiring extreme care.

精密 vs 精确 (jīngquè)

精确 is very similar and often interchangeable with 精密. However, 精确 tends to emphasize numerical exactness and measurements, while 精密 can also refer to the intricate construction or fine operation of a device.

精密 vs 细致 (xìzhì)

细致 means meticulous or detailed, referring to the carefulness of the process or the level of detail present. 精密 refers to the exactness and accuracy achieved, often as a result of being 细致.

Idioms & Expressions

"一丝不苟"

— Meticulous; not overlooking a single detail. This idiom describes a person's attitude or work style that leads to precision.

他工作一丝不苟，所以他制作的零件非常精密。

Neutral/Formal

"毫厘不爽"

— Not off by a hair's breadth; perfectly accurate. This idiom emphasizes extreme exactness, similar to 精密.

这台机器的运行必须毫厘不爽，才能保证产品的质量。

Formal

"精益求精"

— Striving for perfection; continuously improving. This idiom describes the pursuit of excellence, which often involves achieving greater precision.

工程师们一直在精益求精，以制造出更精密的设备。

Formal

"分毫不差"

— Exactly right; not wrong by even a tiny bit. Similar to 精密 in its emphasis on exactness.

他的测量结果分毫不差，显示了他的专业水平。

Neutral

"严丝合缝"

— Perfectly fitted; tightly sealed. This idiom describes the precise fitting of parts, a common characteristic of精密 objects.

这些精密部件被安装得严丝合缝，没有一丝缝隙。

Neutral/Formal

"匠心独运"

— Ingenious craftsmanship; unique and clever design. Often used to describe the creation of complex and 精密 objects.

这款表的机芯设计真是匠心独运，非常精密。

Positive/Formal

"精雕细琢"

— Meticulously carved and polished; finely crafted. Describes the detailed and careful work that results in 精密 items.

艺术家对这件精密艺术品进行了精雕细琢。

Positive/Formal

"一丝不苟"

— Meticulous; not overlooking a single detail. This idiom describes a person's attitude or work style that leads to precision.

他工作一丝不苟，所以他制作的零件非常精密。

Neutral/Formal

"毫厘不爽"

— Not off by a hair's breadth; perfectly accurate. This idiom emphasizes extreme exactness, similar to 精密.

这台机器的运行必须毫厘不爽，才能保证产品的质量。

Formal

"精益求精"

— Striving for perfection; continuously improving. This idiom describes the pursuit of excellence, which often involves achieving greater precision.

工程师们一直在精益求精，以制造出更精密的设备。

Formal

Easily Confused

精密 vs 准确 (zhǔnquè)

Both words relate to correctness and lack of error.

准确 is a general term for being correct or accurate. For example, an answer can be 准确. 精密 implies a higher level of exactness, often involving intricate details, fine measurements, or complex mechanisms. A simple statement might be 准确, but a watch movement is 精密.

这个答案很准确，但这个钟表的构造非常精密。(This answer is accurate, but the structure of this watch is very precise.)

精密 vs 精确 (jīngquè)

Both words mean precise and exact.

精确 often refers to numerical exactness or the precision of measurements, like '精确的数字' (jīngquè de shùzì - precise numbers) or '精确到小数点后三位' (jīngquè dào xiǎoshùdiǎn hòu sān wèi - precise to three decimal places). 精密 can encompass this but also strongly implies intricate construction, fine detail, and complex mechanical or operational exactness, such as in '精密仪器' (jīngmì yíqì - precision instruments) or '精密机械' (jīngmì jīxiè - precision machinery).

测量结果必须精确，而仪器的制造则要求精密。(The measurement results must be exact, while the manufacturing of the instrument requires precision.)

精密 vs 细致 (xìzhì)

Both relate to attention to detail.

细致 describes the quality of being meticulous, careful, and paying attention to small details. It refers to the thoroughness of an action or the level of detail in something. 精密 describes the resulting exactness and accuracy. For example, one might perform a 细致 analysis to achieve 精密 results. The former is about the process, the latter about the outcome.

他做事情非常细致，所以他的作品总是很精密。(He is very meticulous in his work, so his creations are always precise.)

精密 vs 粗糙 (cūcāo)

This is an antonym, so confusion arises from distinguishing between opposites.

精密 means highly detailed, exact, and finely made. 粗糙 means rough, coarse, unrefined, or lacking in detail and smoothness. A 精密 surface would be perfectly smooth and exact, the opposite of 粗糙. For example, a 精密 machine part would not be 粗糙.

精密仪器的表面应该是光滑的，而不是粗糙的。(The surface of precision instruments should be smooth, not rough.)

精密 vs 模糊 (móhu)

This is another antonym, relating to clarity.

精密 implies clarity, exactness, and sharp definition. 模糊 means vague, blurry, indistinct, or unclear. A 精密 image or measurement is the opposite of something that is 模糊. For instance, 精密 optics produce sharp images, not 模糊 ones.

精密显微镜下的图像是清晰的，不会是模糊的。(Images under a precision microscope are clear, not blurry.)

Sentence Patterns

Noun + 很/非常 + 精密。

这个玩具很精密。

精密的 + Noun

这是精密的仪器。

Verb + 得 + 非常/很 + 精密。

他操作得非常精密。

Noun + 需要 + 精密 + 的 + Noun

这个项目需要精密的计算。

在 + Noun + 领域，+ (Subject) + 强调/注重 + 精密 + 的 + Noun

在制药领域，我们强调精密的过程控制。

Noun + 的 + 精密性 + 是 + Noun + 的 + 关键/基础

芯片的精密性是电子产品性能的基础。

通过 + Noun + 的 + 精密 + (Action/Process)，+ Result

通过对数据的精密分析，我们发现了新的趋势。

Noun + 在 + Noun + 方面 + 表现出 + 极高/卓越 + 的 + 精密性

这款显微镜在分辨率方面表现出极高的精密性。

Word Family

Nouns

精密性 Precision; the quality of being precise.

Adjectives

精密 Precise, accurate.

精 Essence, spirit, refined, keen.

密 Dense, close, secret, tight.

精确 Precise, exact (often numerical).

精细 Fine, delicate, detailed.

精巧 Exquisite, ingenious, delicate.

How to Use It

frequency

High in technical and scientific contexts, moderate in general educated conversation.

Common Mistakes

Using 精密 for general accuracy. → Using 准确 (zhǔnquè) or 精确 (jīngquè) when high detail/complexity isn't implied.
Learners might use 精密 when 'accurate' or 'correct' would suffice. For example, saying '这份报告很精密' (This report is very precise) might be an overstatement if it just means the report is correct, not that it has intricate details or exact measurements.
Overusing 精密 for simple objects. → Using simpler adjectives or reserving 精密 for truly complex items.
Describing a simple toy or a basic tool as 精密 can sound unnatural or exaggerated. It's better suited for things like watch movements, scientific instruments, or microchips.
Incorrect tone pronunciation. → Mastering the 5th tone for 'jīng' and the 13th tone for 'mì'.
Incorrect tones can change the meaning of the word or make it hard to understand. For example, saying 'jīng' with a flat tone might not convey the intended sense of refinement or exactness.
Confusing 精密 with 细致 (xìzhì). → Understanding that 细致 refers to meticulousness of process, while 精密 refers to the exactness of the outcome.
While meticulousness leads to precision, they are not the same. A surgeon can be 细致 in their movements, resulting in a 精密 operation. Using 细致 to describe the outcome would be incorrect.
Grammatical errors with '的'. → Using '精密的 + Noun' or understanding when '的' is omitted in established phrases.
Sometimes learners incorrectly omit '的' (de) when it's necessary, or use it in established phrases where it's typically dropped. For example, '精密仪器' is standard, but saying '精密的仪器' is also correct and sometimes preferred for emphasis.

Tips

Focus on Context

The word 精密 is heavily context-dependent. When you encounter it, consider the surrounding words and the overall topic. Is it about a machine, a measurement, a design, or a process? This will help you grasp its specific meaning in that instance.

Master the Tones

Mandarin tones are critical. For 精密 (jīngmì), the tones are 5th (falling-rising) for 'jīng' and 13th (mid-level) for 'mì'. Practice these tones repeatedly, perhaps by listening to native speakers or using pronunciation apps.

Use '的' Correctly

When 精密 modifies a noun, it is usually followed by '的' (de), as in '精密的仪器' (jīngmì de yíqì). However, in established compound phrases like '精密仪器' or '精密加工', '的' is often omitted for conciseness.

Think of High-Tech

A good mental shortcut is to associate 精密 with high-tech items, scientific equipment, or anything that requires extremely careful construction and operation. This will help you distinguish it from more general terms for accuracy.

Create Visuals

Visualize intricate clockwork, tiny gears fitting perfectly, or a scientist meticulously adjusting a complex instrument. These strong visual associations can help embed the meaning of 精密 in your memory.

Distinguish from Similar Words

Understand the subtle differences between 精密, '准确' (zhǔnquè - accurate), and '精确' (jīngquè - precise/exact). 精密 often implies more intricate detail and complexity.

Use it Actively

Try to incorporate 精密 into your own sentences, even if it's just describing a watch or a computer component. Active recall and usage are key to solidifying vocabulary.

Appreciate Craftsmanship

Recognize that 精密 aligns with cultural values of detailed craftsmanship and technical excellence. This understanding can make the word more meaningful.

Noun Form: 精密性

Remember that you can form the noun 精密性 (jīngmì xìng) to talk about the quality or state of being precise.

Technical Fields are Key

The most frequent and appropriate usage of 精密 is in technical, scientific, and engineering contexts. Focusing your learning on these domains will provide ample opportunities to encounter and use the word.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a very tiny, 精 (jing)ly made watch movement. The gears are so 密 (mi)tly packed and fit together perfectly, making the watch 精密 (jīngmì) – precise.

Visual Association

Picture a high-tech factory floor with robotic arms assembling tiny, intricate components with extreme accuracy. The scene is filled with gleaming metal parts that fit together 密 (mi)tly, representing the 精 (jing) quality of the work.

Word Web

Precision Accuracy Detail Exactness Meticulous Engineering Science Manufacturing Instruments Machinery

Challenge

Try to describe three items you own that you would consider 精密. Explain why you think they fit the definition, focusing on their accuracy and attention to detail.

Word Origin

The word 精密 combines two characters: '精' (jīng) and '密' (mì). '精' originally referred to refined grains or essence, and evolved to mean refined, excellent, or keen. '密' means dense, close, or tight. Together, they convey the idea of something being finely constructed, dense with detail, and therefore exact and accurate.

Original meaning: The combination suggests a state of being densely packed with fine details, leading to exactness and accuracy.

Sino-Tibetan

Cultural Context

The term 精密 is generally neutral and positive, implying high quality and skill. It is not sensitive in any cultural or social context.

While English has many words for accuracy (accurate, exact, precise, meticulous), 精密 often carries a stronger connotation of finely engineered detail and complexity, particularly in technical contexts.

The intricate mechanisms of traditional Chinese clocks and astronomical instruments. The precision required in modern Chinese manufacturing, such as in the automotive or electronics industries. The detailed and accurate work of traditional artisans in fields like jade carving or silk embroidery.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Manufacturing and Engineering

精密机械
精密加工
精密制造
精密部件

Science and Research

精密仪器
精密测量
精密分析
精密控制

Technology and Electronics

精密电子元件
精密电路板
精密设计

Medicine and Healthcare

精密手术
精密医疗设备
精密诊断

High-End Consumer Goods

精密手表
精密相机镜头
精密模型

Conversation Starters

"What kind of products require the most 精密 manufacturing?"

"Can you give an example of a 精密 instrument you find fascinating?"

"How does 精密 manufacturing differ from standard manufacturing?"

"In which fields is 精密 especially critical?"

"What are the challenges in achieving 精密 results?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you encountered something that was exceptionally 精密. What made it stand out?

Reflect on a hobby or activity you enjoy that requires precision. How does this relate to the concept of 精密?

Imagine you are designing a new 精密 device. What would it be and why would precision be important?

How does the pursuit of 精密 impact innovation in technology?

Consider the difference between 'accurate' and 'precise' in your own language and how 精密 fits into this spectrum.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

精密 (jīngmì) refers to a very high level of accuracy and detail, often associated with complex machinery, fine craftsmanship, or scientific instruments. It implies meticulousness and exactness. 准确 (zhǔnquè) is a more general term for accurate or correct, indicating that something is right or free from error, but without necessarily implying the same level of intricate detail or technical sophistication. For example, a correct answer is 准确, but a finely tuned watch movement is 精密.

Yes, 精密 can be used for abstract concepts, but it requires a strong justification for the high degree of exactness. For instance, '精密计算' (jīngmì jìsuàn - precise calculation) or '精密分析' (jīngmì fēnxī - precise analysis) are common. It suggests that the analysis or calculation was done with extreme care and yielded exact results, not just general correctness.

Generally, 精密 carries a positive connotation, implying high quality, advanced technology, and skilled craftsmanship. However, in some contexts, it might simply describe a characteristic without explicit judgment. For example, a piece of machinery is described as 精密 because that's its technical specification, not necessarily because it's 'good' in a moral sense.

精密 is typically introduced around the B1 CEFR level. While simpler synonyms for 'accurate' might be learned earlier, the specific nuance of 精密 requiring detailed, technical exactness is usually grasped by intermediate learners. Its usage in advanced contexts (B2-C2) involves more complex collocations and abstract applications.

Common mistakes include overusing it for general accuracy instead of meticulous detail, applying it to simple objects where it sounds exaggerated, and grammatical errors like incorrect placement or omission of '的' (de). It's also confused with words like '准确' (accurate) or '细致' (meticulous) when their specific meanings are more appropriate.

For general accuracy, '准确' (zhǔnquè) is less formal. For detailed work, '细致' (xìzhì) or '仔细' (zǐxì) might be used. However, when the meaning truly implies high-level, technical exactness and fine construction, 精密 is often the most appropriate and direct term, even if it sounds somewhat formal.

Things like scientific instruments (microscopes, telescopes), high-end watches, complex machinery (CNC machines, robotic arms), microchips, precision tools, detailed blueprints, and even delicate surgical procedures can be described as 精密.

While less common, it can be used metaphorically. For example, '他分析情况的思路非常精密' (Tā fēnxī qíngkuàng de sīlù fēicháng jīngmì - His thinking process for analyzing the situation was very precise). This implies a highly logical, detailed, and exact approach to problem-solving.

The noun form is 精密性 (jīngmì xìng), which means 'precision' or 'the quality of being precise'.

Tones are extremely important in Mandarin. Saying 精密 with the correct tones (jīng 5, mì 13) is crucial for it to be understood correctly. Incorrect tones can change the meaning or make the word unintelligible.

Test Yourself 119 questions

writing

Describe a tool or object you own that you think is 精密. Explain why.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Example: 我有一个老式手表，它的内部结构非常精密。里面的齿轮和弹簧都非常小，而且配合得刚刚好，所以它能准确地走时。 (I have an old watch, its internal structure is very precise. The gears and springs inside are very small and fit together just right, so it keeps accurate time.)