Subject; the main body or principal part; the acting agent.
Word in 30 Seconds
- The main body or acting agent.
- Can be physical or abstract.
- Often contrasted with 'object'.
Overview
“主体”一词在汉语中具有多重含义，但核心意思都指向“最主要的部分”或“起作用的实体”。它可以指物理上的核心，也可以指概念上的核心。在不同的语境下，“主体”可以指代人、组织、国家、思想、法律上的行为者等。
“主体”常常与“客体”相对，强调一方是主动的、作用的施加者，另一方是被动的、作用的承受者。它也可以单独使用，表示事物的核心或主要部分。例如，在讨论问题时，我们可以说“问题的症结在于其主体内容”，这里的“主体”指代的是问题本身的核心。
**本身 (běnshēn)**：指事物自身，强调其内在属性。
“主体”与“主要”相比，更强调“执行者”或“独立实体”的含义。“主体”与“核心”相比，虽然都指中心部分，但“主体”更常用于指代能够独立行动的实体，而“核心”更侧重于事物的根本或关键点。
“主体”与“本身”的区别在于，“主体”通常指一个独立存在的实体，而“本身”则指事物固有的、内在的属性。
Examples
他是这次改革的主体。
everydayHe is the main body/driving force behind this reform.
合同的签订主体必须是具有完全民事行为能力的自然人或法人。
formalThe contracting party must be a natural person or a legal entity with full capacity for civil conduct.
这本书的主体部分写得相当不错。
informalThe main part of this book is written quite well.
在认识论中，主体与客体的关系是研究的核心问题之一。
academicIn epistemology, the relationship between the subject and the object is one of the core issues of study.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
执行主体
Executive body/agent
法律主体
Legal subject/entity
认识主体
Cognitive subject
Often Confused With
'主要' is an adjective meaning 'main' or 'principal', often modifying a noun. '主体' is a noun referring to the main body, core, or the acting agent.
'核心' means 'core' or 'nucleus', emphasizing the central and fundamental part. '主体' can refer to the core but more often implies an active entity or the principal part.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The word '主体' is versatile and can appear in formal academic or legal texts as well as in more general discussions. Its meaning shifts slightly depending on the context, from the 'acting agent' in a process to the 'principal part' of an object or concept. Be mindful of its frequent pairing with '客体' (object/recipient).
Common Mistakes
Confusing '主体' with '主要' (main) or '核心' (core) is common. Remember that '主体' often implies agency or being the primary entity, not just being important or central.
Tips
Think 'actor' or 'core'
When you see '主体', consider if it refers to the entity doing the action or the central part of something.
Context is key
The exact meaning of '主体' depends heavily on the surrounding words and the overall topic being discussed.
Subject-Object balance
The concept of subject and object is fundamental in many Chinese philosophical and social discussions, highlighting agency and reception.
Word Origin
The character '主' means 'master', 'lord', or 'main'. '体' means 'body' or 'form'. Together, '主体' literally suggests the 'main body' or the 'master body', evolving to mean the principal part or the acting entity.
Cultural Context
The distinction between subject and object is a recurring theme in Chinese philosophy, influencing how agency, perception, and interaction are understood.
Memory Tip
Think of '主体' as the 'subject' in a sentence who performs the action, or the 'main body' of a physical object. It's the entity that acts or the principal component.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“主体”通常指能够主动施加影响、行动或认识的一方，而“客体”则是被动接受影响、行动或认识的一方。例如，在学习中，学生是主体，知识是客体。
在法律上，“主体”是指能够享有法律权利并承担法律义务的自然人、法人或其他组织。它是法律关系中的基本构成要素。
“主体”可以用在哲学、法律、政治、经济、文学、日常等多个领域，指代事物的核心部分或具有行为能力的实体。
两者都与“重要”有关。“主要”是形容词，强调重要性或占比大；“主体”是名词，可以指主要部分，也可以指起作用的实体。例如，“主要问题”和“问题的主体”。
Test Yourself
这个项目的实施______是市政府。
这里指项目的执行者或责任承担者，应用‘主体’。
“任何科学研究都必须以事实为主体。”这句话中的“主体”最可能指什么？
这句话强调事实是科学研究的根本依据和核心，是研究的中心内容。
词语：法律，承担，责任，主体
这个选项结构完整，符合法律语境中‘责任主体’的用法。
Score: /3
Summary
Subject; the main body or principal part; the acting agent.
- The main body or acting agent.
- Can be physical or abstract.
- Often contrasted with 'object'.
Think 'actor' or 'core'
When you see '主体', consider if it refers to the entity doing the action or the central part of something.
Context is key
The exact meaning of '主体' depends heavily on the surrounding words and the overall topic being discussed.
Subject-Object balance
The concept of subject and object is fundamental in many Chinese philosophical and social discussions, highlighting agency and reception.
Examples
4 of 4他是这次改革的主体。
He is the main body/driving force behind this reform.
合同的签订主体必须是具有完全民事行为能力的自然人或法人。
The contracting party must be a natural person or a legal entity with full capacity for civil conduct.
这本书的主体部分写得相当不错。
The main part of this book is written quite well.
在认识论中，主体与客体的关系是研究的核心问题之一。
In epistemology, the relationship between the subject and the object is one of the core issues of study.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Phrases
Related Vocabulary
More general words
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
一点儿
A1a little, a bit
一会儿
A1a moment, a while
一部分
B1part; portion; minority
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
