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B1 adjective 8 min de leitura

επιστημονικός

based on or using the principles of science

At the A1 level, you likely won't use the word 'επιστημονικός' in your own speech, but you might see it in simple contexts like 'επιστημονική φαντασία' (science fiction) when talking about movies or books you like. It's a long word, so just focus on recognizing the root 'επιστήμη' (science). Think of it as a label for things that involve 'smart' or 'hard' school subjects. You might see it on a library sign or a TV program description. Remember that it ends in -ος, like many adjectives you already know (καλός, μεγάλος). If you see 'επιστημονική', it's just the feminine version. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just know it means 'scientific'.
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By A2, you can start using 'επιστημονικός' to describe your interests or studies in a basic way. You might say 'Μου αρέσει η επιστημονική φαντασία' (I like science fiction) or 'Διαβάζω ένα επιστημονικό βιβλίο' (I am reading a scientific book). At this level, you should be careful with the gender of the noun. If the noun is feminine (ending in -η or -α usually), use 'επιστημονική'. If it's masculine (ending in -ος), use 'επιστημονικός'. If it's neuter (ending in -ο), use 'επιστημονικό'. You will mostly hear this word when people talk about experts on the news or in school. It's a useful word to know when you want to sound a bit more serious about your hobbies or what you are learning.
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At the B1 level, 'επιστημονικός' becomes a very important word for expressing opinions and discussing professional topics. You are expected to use it in phrases like 'επιστημονική έρευνα' (scientific research) or 'επιστημονική μέθοδος' (scientific method). You should understand that this word implies a level of proof and seriousness. For example, in a debate, you might say 'Χρειαζόμαστε επιστημονικά δεδομένα' (We need scientific data). You should also be able to distinguish between the adjective and the noun 'επιστήμονας' (scientist). This is the level where you start reading short news articles or watching documentaries in Greek, where 'επιστημονικός' will appear frequently. You should also be comfortable with its plural forms in all three genders.
At the B2 level, you should use 'επιστημονικός' with precision in academic and professional contexts. You should be familiar with common collocations like 'επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση' (scientific substantiation) or 'επιστημονικός συνεργάτης' (scientific associate). You can use it to distinguish between different types of articles or projects (e.g., 'επιστημονικό άρθρο' vs 'άρθρο γνώμης'). You should also understand the nuances of the word in formal reports. For instance, you might write about the 'επιστημονική κοινότητα' (scientific community) and their views on a specific topic. Your grammar should be flawless when using this word, including the more complex genitive cases like 'της επιστημονικής κοινότητας'. You are now moving beyond simple descriptions to using the word to build logical arguments.
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At the C1 level, you use 'επιστημονικός' to navigate complex intellectual landscapes. You understand its role in defining 'epistemology' and how it contrasts with terms like 'εμπειρικός' (empirical) or 'διαισθητικός' (intuitive). You can discuss the 'επιστημονική δεοντολογία' (scientific ethics) or the 'επιστημονική εγκυρότητα' (scientific validity) of a study. You are expected to recognize the word in high-level academic journals and use it in your own writing to maintain a formal and objective tone. You also understand the historical weight of the word in Greek culture, connecting it to the classical tradition of systematic inquiry. You can use the adverb 'επιστημονικά' to qualify verbs, showing a deep grasp of how scientific principles are applied to various fields like sociology or linguistics.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'επιστημονικός' and its related forms. You can use it in philosophical discussions about the nature of science itself. You might critique an 'επιστημονισμός' (scientism) or discuss the 'επιστημονική επανάσταση' (scientific revolution) with nuanced historical context. You use the word effortlessly in the most formal settings, such as delivering a keynote speech or writing a dissertation. You understand the subtle differences between 'επιστημονικός' and its synonyms in every possible context, including legal, medical, and philosophical domains. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a tool for precise, high-level conceptualization. You can also play with the word in rhetorical contexts, using it to add irony or emphasis in sophisticated social commentary.
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Exemplos

επιστημονικός em 30 segundos

  • Used to describe anything related to science, research, or systematic methods of inquiry in Greek.
  • Changes endings based on gender (masculine: -ικός, feminine: -ική, neuter: -ικό) and number.
  • Commonly found in academic, medical, and news contexts to imply authority and proven validity.
  • Essential for B1 learners to discuss studies, facts, and professional roles accurately.

The Greek adjective επιστημονικός (epistimonikós) is a cornerstone of intellectual and academic discourse in modern Greek. Derived from the noun επιστήμη (science/knowledge), it describes anything that pertains to, originates from, or adheres to the rigorous methods of science. While in English 'scientific' often conjures images of test tubes and lab coats, the Greek επιστημονικός carries a broader weight, often implying a sense of systematic organization, proven validity, and intellectual authority. It is used to distinguish between mere opinion (γνώμη) and verified knowledge. Whether you are discussing a breakthrough in medicine, a method of teaching, or a specific type of research paper, this word serves as the ultimate seal of professional credibility.

Formal Contexts
In universities and research centers, you will hear this word used to describe 'scientific journals' (επιστημονικά περιοδικά) and 'scientific conferences' (επιστημονικά συνέδρια). It signifies that the content has undergone peer review and follows the logic of the scientific method.
Everyday Debate
When Greeks argue about health, politics, or the environment, they often use the word to dismiss or validate claims. Saying 'δεν είναι επιστημονικό' (it is not scientific) is a powerful way to end an argument by claiming the other person lacks evidence.
Professional Titles
It is frequently part of job titles, such as 'επιστημονικός συνεργάτης' (scientific associate/consultant), indicating a role that requires high-level expertise and specialized training.

Η επιστημονική κοινότητα αναζητά νέες λύσεις για την κλιματική αλλαγή.

Translation: The scientific community is searching for new solutions for climate change.

Understanding the gender variations is crucial for B1 learners. As an adjective ending in -ος, -η, -ο, it must agree with the noun it modifies. For example, 'scientific method' is feminine (επιστημονική μέθοδος), while 'scientific research' is also feminine (επιστημονική έρευνα), but 'scientific work' is neuter (επιστημονικό έργο). This flexibility allows it to permeate every sector of Greek life, from the humanities to the hard sciences. Historically, the root comes from 'επίσταμαι', meaning 'to know well' or 'to be an expert'. Thus, being επιστημονικός isn't just about science in the modern sense; it's about being deeply knowledgeable and methodical in any pursuit.

Χρειαζόμαστε μια επιστημονική προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα της ανεργίας.

Translation: We need a scientific approach to the problem of unemployment.

Mastering επιστημονικός requires attention to its placement and the nouns it typically pairs with. In Greek, adjectives usually follow the noun in poetic or emphasized speech, but in standard or academic Greek, they almost always precede the noun to provide a clear classification. For instance, you would say 'το επιστημονικό προσωπικό' (the scientific staff) to define the group immediately. This word is rarely used in a casual, slangy way; it maintains a level of dignity and precision that makes it perfect for essays, professional emails, and formal presentations.

Describing Research
When discussing studies, use phrases like 'επιστημονική μελέτη' (scientific study) or 'επιστημονική απόδειξη' (scientific proof). Example: 'Δεν υπάρχει επιστημονική απόδειξη για αυτόν τον ισχυρισμό' (There is no scientific proof for this claim).
Describing Careers
It often defines a person's professional standing. 'Είναι επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος του προγράμματος' (He is the scientific head of the program). Here, it acts as a qualifier for his responsibility.
Hypothetical Scenarios
In literature or sci-fi, 'επιστημονική φαντασία' (science fiction) is the standard term. Example: 'Μου αρέσουν οι ταινίες επιστημονικής φαντασίας' (I like science fiction movies).

Το επιστημονικό άρθρο δημοσιεύτηκε χθες.

Translation: The scientific article was published yesterday.

When using the word in the plural, remember the endings: επιστημονικοί (masculine), επιστημονικές (feminine), and επιστημονικά (neuter). If you are talking about 'scientific data', you must use the neuter plural: επιστημονικά δεδομένα. If you are discussing 'scientific discoveries', use the feminine plural: επιστημονικές ανακαλύψεις. This grammatical agreement is the most common area where B1 students make mistakes, often defaulting to the masculine -ος ending regardless of the noun.

Ακολουθούμε αυστηρά επιστημονικά κριτήρια.

Translation: We follow strict scientific criteria.

If you live in Greece or follow Greek media, επιστημονικός is ubiquitous in specific domains. It is a 'high-frequency' word in the news, especially during segments concerning health, technology, or the environment. During the pandemic, for instance, the phrase 'επιστημονική επιτροπή' (scientific committee) was heard daily on every news channel. This reinforces the idea that the word is tied to social responsibility and collective decision-making. You will also encounter it frequently in educational settings—from high school textbooks to doctoral defenses.

In the Media
Journalists use it to add weight to their reports. 'Σύμφωνα με επιστημονικές πηγές...' (According to scientific sources...) is a standard opening for a segment on new medical treatments or space exploration.
In Bookstores
Bookstores in Greece often have a section labeled 'Επιστημονικά Συγγράμματα' (Scientific Writings/Textbooks). This is where you find academic books rather than popular science, which might be labeled 'Λαϊκή Επιστήμη'.
In Public Administration
Government documents often refer to 'επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση' (scientific documentation), which is required for new laws or environmental regulations to be passed.

Η επιστημονική έρευνα απαιτεί χρόνο και υπομονή.

Translation: Scientific research requires time and patience.

Beyond the formal, you might hear it in intellectual circles or 'kafeneia' (coffee shops) where political debates get heated. Someone might say, 'Ας μιλήσουμε επιστημονικά' (Let's speak scientifically), which is a polite way of saying 'Let's stop using emotions and look at the facts.' It acts as a linguistic bridge between the world of abstract thought and practical reality. In the context of Greek culture, which prizes rhetoric, being able to label your argument as επιστημονικός is a significant tactical advantage in any discussion.

Ο επιστημονικός κόσμος ανησυχεί για το μέλλον.

Translation: The scientific world is worried about the future.

While επιστημονικός is a cognate of 'scientific', its usage can occasionally trip up English speakers. The most frequent error involves over-extending its meaning to cover 'academic' in all contexts. While a 'scientific journal' is επιστημονικό περιοδικό, an 'academic year' is ακαδημαϊκό έτος. Using the wrong adjective here sounds unnatural. Another common pitfall is the confusion between the adjective and the person. A 'scientist' is an επιστήμονας (noun), not an 'επιστημονικός'. You cannot say 'He is a scientific'; you must say 'He is a scientist' (Είναι επιστήμονας).

Confusing Adjective and Noun
English speakers sometimes say 'the scientifics' when they mean 'the scientists'. In Greek, you must use the noun 'επιστήμονες'. The adjective 'επιστημονικοί' can only be used if it's describing a plural noun, like 'επιστημονικοί φορείς' (scientific bodies).
Misusing for 'Educated'
Sometimes learners use 'επιστημονικός' to mean someone is smart or well-read. The correct word for 'educated' is 'μορφωμένος'. 'Επιστημονικός' refers specifically to the methodology or the field of science, not a person's general level of schooling.
Gender Agreement Errors
As mentioned before, failing to change the ending to match the noun (e.g., saying 'επιστημονικός έρευνα' instead of 'επιστημονική έρευνα') is a hallmark of lower-level proficiency. Always check the gender of the noun first.

Λάθος: Είναι ένας επιστημονικός άνθρωπος. (Wrong use for 'scientist')

Σωστό: Είναι ένας επιστήμονας.

Another nuance is the difference between 'επιστημονικός' and 'τεχνικός'. While 'scientific' deals with the theory and laws of nature, 'technical' (τεχνικός) deals with the application. If you are talking about the 'technical specifications' of a phone, don't use 'επιστημονικός'. However, if you are talking about the 'scientific principles' behind the screen technology, then 'επιστημονικός' is the right choice. Keeping these boundaries clear will help you sound much more like a native speaker and less like a translation software.

Πρέπει να έχουμε επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση για τα συμπεράσματά μας.

Translation: We must have scientific documentation for our conclusions.

To truly master the semantic field of επιστημονικός, you need to know its neighbors. Greek has a rich vocabulary for distinguishing types of knowledge and methods. While 'scientific' is your go-to for anything related to the hard or soft sciences, other words can provide more precision depending on whether you mean 'theoretical', 'logical', or 'research-based'. Using these alternatives will elevate your Greek from a B1 level to a B2 or C1 level, showing that you understand the subtle shades of meaning in professional communication.

Ερευνητικός (Research-based)
Use this when focusing on the process of investigation. 'Ερευνητικό κέντρο' (Research center) is more common than 'επιστημονικό κέντρο' when referring to the physical building where experiments happen.
Τεκμηριωμένος (Documented/Substantiated)
If you want to say a claim is 'scientifically backed', you can say it is 'επιστημονικά τεκμηριωμένος'. On its own, 'τεκμηριωμένος' means well-supported by evidence, which is a key attribute of being scientific.
Ορθολογικός (Rational/Logical)
Often used in philosophy or economics. While science is rational, not everything rational is science. Use this when discussing logic and clear thinking: 'ορθολογική σκέψη' (rational thought).

Η επιστημονική γνώση διαφέρει από την απλή εμπειρία.

Translation: Scientific knowledge differs from simple experience.

On the opposite end, we have the antonyms. The most common is αντιεπιστημονικός (unscientific/anti-scientific). This is a strong word used to attack theories that ignore facts (e.g., 'αντιεπιστημονικές θεωρίες'). There is also εμπειρικός (empirical), which isn't always an opposite but is often contrasted with the 'scientific/theoretical' framework. In a lab, you might have 'empirical data' (εμπειρικά δεδομένα) which then leads to a 'scientific theory' (επιστημονική θεωρία). Understanding these relationships helps you navigate complex Greek texts with ease.

Αυτή η προσέγγιση είναι καθαρά επιστημονική.

Translation: This approach is purely scientific.
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Exemplos por nível

1

Είναι ένα επιστημονικό βιβλίο.

It is a scientific book.

Neuter singular to match 'βιβλίο'.

2

Βλέπω μια ταινία επιστημονικής φαντασίας.

I am watching a science fiction movie.

Genitive feminine for 'science fiction'.

3

Ο πατέρας μου είναι επιστήμονας.

My father is a scientist.

Note: 'επιστήμονας' is the noun, not the adjective.

4

Το μάθημα είναι επιστημονικό.

The lesson is scientific.

Simple predicate adjective.

5

Έχει επιστημονικά παιχνίδια.

He has scientific toys.

Neuter plural to match 'παιχνίδια'.

6

Η Μαρία διαβάζει επιστημονικά νέα.

Maria reads scientific news.

Neuter plural object.

7

Είναι επιστημονικό περιοδικό;

Is it a scientific magazine?

Question form.

8

Θέλω ένα επιστημονικό όργανο.

I want a scientific instrument.

Neuter singular object.

1

Η επιστημονική μέθοδος είναι δύσκολη.

The scientific method is difficult.

Feminine singular subject.

2

Χρειαζόμαστε επιστημονική βοήθεια.

We need scientific help.

Feminine singular object.

3

Αυτό το άρθρο είναι επιστημονικό.

This article is scientific.

Adjective following the noun.

4

Υπάρχουν πολλές επιστημονικές λέξεις.

There are many scientific words.

Feminine plural.

5

Ο καθηγητής κάνει επιστημονική έρευνα.

The professor does scientific research.

Standard 'research' collocation.

6

Είναι ένα επιστημονικό πείραμα.

It is a scientific experiment.

Neuter singular.

7

Μιλάμε για επιστημονικά θέματα.

We are talking about scientific topics.

Prepositional phrase with plural.

8

Η βιβλιοθήκη έχει επιστημονικά βιβλία.

The library has scientific books.

Plural object.

1

Πρέπει να βρούμε μια επιστημονική λύση.

We must find a scientific solution.

Feminine singular.

2

Η επιστημονική κοινότητα διαφωνεί.

The scientific community disagrees.

Collective noun subject.

3

Δεν έχει επιστημονική βάση αυτό που λες.

What you are saying has no scientific basis.

Used to denote lack of evidence.

4

Είναι επιστημονικός συνεργάτης στο πανεπιστήμιο.

He is a scientific associate at the university.

Professional title.

5

Το συνέδριο ήταν πολύ επιστημονικό.

The conference was very scientific.

Degree adverb 'πολύ' used with adjective.

6

Χρησιμοποιούμε επιστημονικά εργαλεία.

We use scientific tools.

Neuter plural.

7

Η επιστημονική γνώση εξελίσσεται.

Scientific knowledge evolves.

Abstract noun subject.

8

Αυτό είναι ένα επιστημονικό γεγονός.

This is a scientific fact.

Emphasizing truth.

1

Η επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση είναι απαραίτητη για την πρόταση.

Scientific documentation is essential for the proposal.

Formal academic term.

2

Το άρθρο δημοσιεύτηκε σε επιστημονικό περιοδικό με κριτές.

The article was published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Prepositional phrase 'in a journal'.

3

Ο επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος εξήγησε τα αποτελέσματα.

The scientific head explained the results.

Specific professional role.

4

Υπάρχουν σοβαρές επιστημονικές αμφιβολίες.

There are serious scientific doubts.

Plural feminine with adjective 'σοβαρές'.

5

Η επιστημονική φαντασία συχνά γίνεται πραγματικότητα.

Science fiction often becomes reality.

Thematic subject.

6

Πρέπει να τηρούμε την επιστημονική δεοντολογία.

We must adhere to scientific ethics.

Abstract professional concept.

7

Έγινε μια επιστημονική ανακάλυψη μεγάλου βάρους.

A scientific discovery of great importance was made.

Using 'βάρους' metaphorically.

8

Το επιστημονικό προσωπικό απεργεί σήμερα.

The scientific staff is on strike today.

Collective noun.

1

Η επιστημονική εγκυρότητα της μελέτης αμφισβητήθηκε έντονα.

The scientific validity of the study was strongly questioned.

Passive voice with 'αμφισβητήθηκε'.

2

Απαιτείται διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση για το πρόβλημα.

An interdisciplinary approach is required for the problem.

Compound adjective 'διεπιστημονική'.

3

Η επιστημονική επανάσταση άλλαξε την πορεία της ανθρωπότητας.

The scientific revolution changed the course of humanity.

Historical term.

4

Δεν μπορούμε να αγνοήσουμε τα επιστημονικά πορίσματα.

We cannot ignore the scientific findings.

Formal word 'πορίσματα'.

5

Ο επιστημονικός λόγος πρέπει να είναι αντικειμενικός.

Scientific discourse must be objective.

'Λόγος' meaning discourse/speech.

6

Η μελέτη στερείται επιστημονικής αυστηρότητας.

The study lacks scientific rigor.

Genitive case after 'στερείται'.

7

Η επιστημονική σκέψη βασίζεται στην παρατήρηση.

Scientific thought is based on observation.

Philosophical subject.

8

Είναι μέλος της επιστημονικής επιτροπής του κράτους.

He is a member of the state scientific committee.

Genitive feminine.

1

Η επιστημονική ορθοδοξία συχνά απορρίπτει τις ριζοσπαστικές ιδέες.

Scientific orthodoxy often rejects radical ideas.

Metaphorical use of 'ορθοδοξία'.

2

Η επιστημονική γνώση είναι εγγενώς προσωρινή και αναθεωρήσιμη.

Scientific knowledge is inherently provisional and revisable.

Epistemological nuance.

3

Η επιστημονική εκλαΐκευση είναι απαραίτητη για τη δημοκρατία.

Scientific popularization is essential for democracy.

Sophisticated term 'εκλαΐκευση'.

4

Ασκήθηκε κριτική στον επιστημονικό αναγωγισμό της μελέτης.

The study's scientific reductionism was criticized.

Philosophical term 'αναγωγισμό'.

5

Η επιστημονική συγκρότηση του ερευνητή είναι αξιοσημείωτη.

The researcher's scientific background/makeup is noteworthy.

'Συγκρότηση' meaning intellectual structure.

6

Το έργο αποτελεί ορόσημο στην επιστημονική γραμματεία.

The work constitutes a landmark in scientific literature.

'Γραμματεία' meaning literature/corpus.

7

Πρέπει να διακρίνουμε την επιστημονική αλήθεια από την ιδεολογία.

We must distinguish scientific truth from ideology.

Abstract comparison.

8

Η επιστημονική διανόηση οφείλει να παρεμβαίνει στα κοινά.

The scientific intelligentsia ought to intervene in public affairs.

High-level term 'διανόηση'.

Colocações comuns

επιστημονική έρευνα
επιστημονική κοινότητα
επιστημονικό περιοδικό
επιστημονική μέθοδος
επιστημονική φαντασία
επιστημονικός συνεργάτης
επιστημονικά δεδομένα
επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση
επιστημονική επιτροπή
επιστημονικό άρθρο

Frases Comuns

επιστημονικά αποδεδειγμένο

επιστημονικός διευθυντής

επιστημονική βάση

επιστημονικό έργο

επιστημονική προσέγγιση

επιστημονικό πεδίο

επιστημονική ανακάλυψη

επιστημονική γνώση

επιστημονικό προσωπικό

επιστημονική αλήθεια

Expressões idiomáticas

"επιστημονική φαντασία"

While literally science fiction, it's used to describe something completely unrealistic.

Αυτά που λες είναι επιστημονική φαντασία!

informal

"μιλάω επιστημονικά"

To speak with great precision or sometimes to use overly complex words.

Μη μου μιλάς τόσο επιστημονικά, δεν καταλαβαίνω.

neutral

"επιστημονικό επίπεδο"

Used to describe a high quality of work or discussion.

Η συζήτηση έμεινε σε υψηλό επιστημονικό επίπεδο.

formal

"επιστημονική ακρίβεια"

With extreme precision, like a scientific measurement.

Το ρολόι δουλεύει με επιστημονική ακρίβεια.

neutral

"επιστημονικό παράδοξο"

A situation that seems to defy scientific logic.

Αυτό το φαινόμενο είναι ένα επιστημονικό παράδοξο.

formal

"επιστημονική αυθεντία"

Someone who is considered the ultimate expert in a field.

Θεωρείται επιστημονική αυθεντία στη φυσική.

formal

"επιστημονικό δαιμόνιο"

The spark of genius or drive that leads to discovery.

Τον οδηγεί το επιστημονικό του δαιμόνιο.

literary

"επιστημονική επάρκεια"

Having the necessary scientific knowledge for a task.

Πρέπει να αποδείξεις την επιστημονική σου επάρκεια.

formal

"επιστημονικός κόσμος"

Refers to all scientists collectively.

Ο επιστημονικός κόσμος χαιρετίζει την απόφαση.

formal

"επιστημονική επανάσταση"

A major shift in scientific thought (ofte

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