dysfonctionnel em 30 segundos
- Dysfonctionnel: not operating normally, especially in families/relationships.
- Used for systems, organizations, and unhealthy interpersonal dynamics.
- Implies a failure of proper or healthy functioning.
- Requires adjective agreement (dysfonctionnel, dysfonctionnelle, dysfonctionnels, dysfonctionnelles).
- Core Meaning
- The French adjective "dysfonctionnel" describes something that is not functioning correctly or normally. While it can apply to machines or systems, it is very frequently used in a psychological or sociological context, particularly when discussing families or relationships. It implies a state of disarray, lack of healthy interaction, or failure to meet expected norms of operation.
- Application to Systems
- When referring to non-human entities, "dysfonctionnel" suggests a malfunction or inefficiency. For example, a "système dysfonctionnel" might be an economic system that is not producing desired results, or a bureaucratic system bogged down by inefficiencies. It indicates a problem in how the system operates, preventing it from achieving its purpose effectively. This usage is common in technical, economic, and administrative discussions.
- Application to People and Relationships
- This is where the term "dysfonctionnel" is most widely encountered in everyday French. When applied to individuals or groups, especially families, it signifies unhealthy patterns of behavior, communication breakdowns, emotional distress, and a failure to provide a supportive or nurturing environment. A "famille dysfonctionnelle" is one where members struggle to connect healthily, often due to unresolved conflicts, addiction, abuse, or neglect. Similarly, a "relation dysfonctionnelle" is one characterized by toxicity, imbalance, or a lack of mutual respect and understanding. It points to a pervasive issue that hinders well-being and healthy development.
- Nuance and Connotation
- The word carries a negative connotation, implying a deviation from a desired or healthy state. It suggests a problem that needs addressing, whether it's a technical glitch or a deep-seated interpersonal issue. The term is often used in psychological, sociological, and therapeutic contexts, but it has also entered more general discourse to describe any situation where things are "not working right" in a significant and problematic way.
The therapist explained that the family's communication patterns were deeply dysfonctionnel.
After years of neglect, the company's IT infrastructure had become completely dysfonctionnel.
He realized his romantic relationships always ended up being dysfonctionnel due to his own insecurities.
- Common Domains
- Psychology, Sociology, Therapy, Family Studies, Business Management, Economics, Technology.
- Synonymous Concepts
- Malfunctioning, unhealthy, not working properly, broken, dysfunctional (in English), problematic, inefficient, toxic (for relationships/families).
- Describing Families and Relationships
- This is perhaps the most common and impactful use of "dysfonctionnel." It's used to describe families or relationships where there are persistent unhealthy dynamics, poor communication, emotional distance, or maladaptive behaviors. It suggests that the environment is not conducive to healthy growth and well-being for its members. It's often used in psychological and sociological discussions, but also in everyday conversations when people are reflecting on difficult personal histories or current relationship struggles. For example, one might say, "Elle vient d'une famille dysfonctionnelle, ce qui explique certaines de ses difficultés actuelles." (She comes from a dysfunctional family, which explains some of her current difficulties.) Or, "Leur couple est devenu dysfonctionnel au fil des années, chacun vivant dans son propre monde." (Their couple has become dysfunctional over the years, each living in their own world.) This usage highlights a systemic problem within the interpersonal unit.
- Describing Systems and Organizations
- Beyond personal relationships, "dysfonctionnel" can describe any system, institution, or organization that is not working as intended. This could be an economic system, a political structure, a bureaucratic process, or even a piece of machinery. It implies a failure in its operational capacity, leading to inefficiency, errors, or a complete breakdown. For instance, "Le système de santé actuel semble de plus en plus dysfonctionnel." (The current healthcare system seems increasingly dysfunctional.) Or, "L'entreprise a lutté pendant des années avec une structure organisationnelle dysfonctionnelle." (The company struggled for years with a dysfunctional organizational structure.) This usage is prevalent in fields like economics, public policy, and business management.
- Describing Individual Behavior (Less Common but Possible)
- While primarily used for groups or systems, "dysfonctionnel" can occasionally be used to describe an individual whose behavior is consistently problematic or self-sabotaging, often as a result of an unhealthy environment. However, this is less common than describing the environment itself as dysfunctional. When used this way, it implies a pattern of actions that are not constructive or healthy. For example, a psychologist might note, "Son comportement est souvent dysfonctionnel lorsqu'il se sent menacé." (His behavior is often dysfunctional when he feels threatened.) This usage is more clinical and specific.
- Adjective Agreement
- As an adjective, "dysfonctionnel" must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.
- Forms
- Masculine Singular: dysfonctionnel
Feminine Singular: dysfonctionnelle
Masculine Plural: dysfonctionnels
Feminine Plural: dysfonctionnelles
The therapist helped them understand the roots of their dysfonctionnel communication patterns.
Many citizens felt that the government's response to the crisis was dysfonctionnelle.
These two systems, when working together, often create a dysfonctionnel outcome.
- Therapy and Psychology Sessions
- This is one of the primary environments where "dysfonctionnel" is used. Therapists, psychologists, and counselors frequently employ this term to describe unhealthy family dynamics, problematic relationship patterns, or individual coping mechanisms that are not serving the person well. It's a clinical term used to diagnose and discuss issues related to mental health and interpersonal well-being. You'll hear it in discussions about childhood trauma, addiction, codependency, and various forms of psychological distress. For example, a therapist might say, "Votre enfance dans un foyer dysfonctionnel a eu un impact significatif." (Your childhood in a dysfunctional home had a significant impact.)
- Sociological and Educational Discourse
- Sociologists and educators use "dysfonctionnel" to analyze societal issues, community problems, and educational systems that are not functioning optimally. This could involve discussing social inequalities, community breakdown, or schools that are failing to provide adequate support for students. It's used to critique and understand systemic problems. For example, a sociologist might write about "les structures sociales dysfonctionnelles qui perpétuent la pauvreté." (dysfunctional social structures that perpetuate poverty.)
- Business and Management Contexts
- In the corporate world, "dysfonctionnel" is used to describe inefficient processes, toxic work environments, poor leadership, or organizational structures that hinder productivity and employee morale. Business consultants, HR professionals, and managers might use this term to identify areas needing improvement. A manager might state, "Notre processus de prise de décision est devenu dysfonctionnel et doit être revu." (Our decision-making process has become dysfunctional and needs to be reviewed.)
- News and Media Analysis
- Journalists and commentators often use "dysfonctionnel" when reporting on political systems, economic policies, or societal events that are not working as expected. It's a concise way to describe a problematic situation. For instance, a news report might discuss "un gouvernement dysfonctionnel" (a dysfunctional government) or "un marché financier dysfonctionnel" (a dysfunctional financial market).
- Personal Reflections and Literature
- The word also appears in literature, memoirs, and personal essays, particularly when individuals are exploring their past, their family history, or their personal struggles. It offers a way to articulate the pain and challenges associated with unhealthy environments. Authors might describe "une enfance marquée par un environnement familial dysfonctionnel." (a childhood marked by a dysfunctional family environment.)
The documentary explored the lives of children growing up in dysfonctionnel households.
Business analysts identified several dysfonctionnel processes within the supply chain.
The politician criticized the opposition's approach as politically dysfonctionnel.
- Incorrect Gender/Number Agreement
- One of the most frequent errors for learners is failing to correctly conjugate "dysfonctionnel" to match the noun it modifies. French adjectives must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). Forgetting this rule leads to grammatical inaccuracies.
- Misuse in Context
- While "dysfonctionnel" is versatile, it's not a universal substitute for "bad" or "problematic." It carries a specific connotation of something not operating according to its intended function or norm, especially in systems or relationships. Using it for minor inconveniences or when a more general negative adjective would suffice can sound unnatural or overly dramatic. For example, calling a slightly slow internet connection "dysfonctionnel" might be an overstatement unless it's consistently failing.
- Overuse in Casual Conversation
- In very informal, casual settings, French speakers might opt for simpler or more colloquial terms to describe something not working properly. While "dysfonctionnel" is understood, it can sometimes sound a bit formal or clinical for everyday complaints. For instance, instead of "Mon ordinateur est dysfonctionnel," one might more casually say, "Mon ordinateur ne marche pas bien" or "Mon ordinateur bug." However, for describing complex issues like family dynamics, it remains appropriate even in less formal discussions.
- Confusing with Similar Terms
- Learners might confuse "dysfonctionnel" with words that have slightly different nuances. For example, "défectueux" (defective) usually refers to a physical flaw in an object, while "dysfonctionnel" often implies a broader operational problem or an unhealthy pattern. "Problématique" is more general and can mean "problematic" in various senses, whereas "dysfonctionnel" implies a failure of normal operation.
- Incorrect Placement of the Adjective
- In French, adjectives generally follow the noun they modify. "Dysfonctionnel" is one of these descriptive adjectives. Placing it before the noun is grammatically incorrect and would sound very unnatural, except in very specific literary or emphatic contexts which are rare for this particular word. For example, "une famille dysfonctionnelle" is correct; "une dysfonctionnelle famille" is not.
Mistake: Une dysfonctionnelle famille.
Correct: Une famille dysfonctionnelle.
Mistake: Mon ordinateur est dysfonctionnel.
Correct (more casual): Mon ordinateur ne marche pas bien.
- Défectueux (Defective)
- Comparison: "Défectueux" is primarily used for inanimate objects or systems that have a physical flaw or malfunction, meaning they are not working due to a defect. "Dysfonctionnel" is broader and can apply to systems or relationships that are not operating correctly due to inherent issues in their structure, operation, or dynamics, not necessarily a physical defect.
Example: Une voiture défectueuse (a defective car - likely a manufacturing fault). Un système politique dysfonctionnel (a dysfunctional political system - issues with its operation and fairness). - Malade (Sick)
- Comparison: "Malade" refers to being ill, typically in a biological or medical sense, or metaphorically for something unwell. "Dysfonctionnel" is more about a failure to operate properly or a state of unhealthy functioning, especially in complex systems or relationships. While a "corps malade" is sick, a "famille malade" could be considered dysfonctionnelle, implying unhealthy dynamics rather than physical illness.
- Problématique (Problematic)
- Comparison: "Problématique" is a very general term meaning "problematic" or "raising questions." It's less specific than "dysfonctionnel." Something "dysfonctionnel" is inherently problematic, but not everything "problématique" is necessarily "dysfonctionnel." "Dysfonctionnel" implies a failure of normal operation or healthy functioning.
Example: Une situation problématique (a problematic situation - could be anything from a minor issue to a major crisis). Une relation problématique (a problematic relationship - could be improved). Une relation dysfonctionnelle (a dysfunctional relationship - implies deep-seated unhealthy patterns). - Hainable (Unhealthy)
- Comparison: "Insainable" is a direct translation of "unhealthy" and is often used interchangeably with "dysfonctionnel" when referring to relationships, families, or environments that are detrimental to well-being. "Dysfonctionnel" often implies the mechanism or structure that *causes* the unhealthiness, focusing on the lack of proper functioning.
Example: Un mode de vie insainable (an unhealthy lifestyle). Un environnement familial insainable (an unhealthy family environment) - this could also be described as dysfonctionnel. - En panne (Broken Down/Out of Order)
- Comparison: "En panne" is typically used for machines or devices that have stopped working, usually temporarily, due to a mechanical failure. It's a more immediate and often fixable state. "Dysfonctionnel" describes a more systemic or ingrained issue where something isn't working correctly, but it might still be operating in some capacity, just not as it should.
Example: La voiture est en panne (the car is broken down). Le système de régulation de trafic est dysfonctionnel (the traffic regulation system is dysfunctional - meaning it's not managing traffic flow properly, not that it has completely stopped). - Non fonctionnel (Non-functional)
- Comparison: "Non fonctionnel" means simply "not working" or "not functional." It's a very direct and often temporary state. "Dysfonctionnel" implies a more complex issue of improper or unhealthy functioning, rather than a complete cessation of function. A "téléphone non fonctionnel" won't turn on. A "système de communication dysfonctionnel" might still allow some communication, but it's inefficient, error-prone, or causes misunderstandings.
A machine can be défectueux or en panne, while a family is dysfonctionnel.
"Problématique" is a broader term than "dysfonctionnel," which implies a failure of normal operation.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The prefix 'dys-' is common in many languages to denote something negative or abnormal, appearing in words like 'dyslexia' (difficulty with reading) or 'dyspepsia' (indigestion). The addition of '-el' makes it a French adjective.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing 'dys' as 'dis' in French (UK pronunciation is closer).
- Not nasalizing the 'on' sound.
- Mispronouncing the 'sj' cluster.
- Omitting or misplacing the stress.
Nível de dificuldade
Understanding 'dysfonctionnel' in reading requires grasping its nuance beyond a simple negative. Context is key to differentiating its application to systems versus relationships. The adjective agreement also adds a layer of complexity.
Correctly using 'dysfonctionnel' in writing demands accurate adjective agreement and appropriate contextual application. Learners must choose it when a system or relationship is truly failing to operate normally, not just when something is slightly wrong.
Pronunciation can be challenging. More importantly, using 'dysfonctionnel' appropriately in spoken French requires confidence in its meaning and grammatical forms. Overuse or misuse can sound unnatural.
Once learners are familiar with the word, it's relatively easy to identify in listening comprehension, especially when the context (family, system, etc.) provides clues.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Adjective Agreement in French
The adjective 'dysfonctionnel' must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For example, 'une famille dysfonctionnelle' (feminine singular), 'des systèmes dysfonctionnels' (masculine plural).
Placement of Descriptive Adjectives
Descriptive adjectives like 'dysfonctionnel' generally follow the noun they modify. 'Un comportement dysfonctionnel' is correct, not 'un dysfonctionnel comportement'.
Use of the Prefix 'dys-'
The prefix 'dys-' indicates a negative or abnormal state. It is attached to a root word (like 'fonction') to create a new word with a specific meaning, such as 'dysfonctionnement' (malfunction).
Formation of Nouns from Adjectives
The adjective 'dysfonctionnel' relates to the noun 'dysfonctionnement' (malfunction, dysfunction), which is formed by adding the suffix '-ment'.
Conjugation of Verbs
The verb 'dysfonctionner' (to malfunction) follows regular -er verb conjugation patterns, e.g., 'il dysfonctionne'.
Exemplos por nível
La structure organisationnelle de l'entreprise était devenue tellement dysfonctionnelle qu'elle entravait toute progression.
The company's organizational structure had become so dysfunctional that it hindered all progress.
The adjective 'dysfonctionnelle' agrees in gender (feminine) and number (singular) with the noun 'structure organisationnelle'.
Il a fallu des années pour qu'il comprenne les schémas dysfonctionnels qu'il reproduisait dans ses relations.
It took him years to understand the dysfunctional patterns he was reproducing in his relationships.
'Dysfonctionnels' is masculine plural, agreeing with 'schémas'.
Les critiques ont souligné le caractère dysfonctionnel du système politique actuel, incapable de répondre aux besoins des citoyens.
Critics highlighted the dysfunctional nature of the current political system, unable to meet citizens' needs.
'Dysfonctionnel' is masculine singular, agreeing with 'caractère'.
Elle a décidé de chercher un nouveau travail pour échapper à l'atmosphère dysfonctionnelle de son bureau.
She decided to look for a new job to escape the dysfunctional atmosphere of her office.
'Dysfonctionnelle' is feminine singular, agreeing with 'atmosphère'.
Les psychologues étudient souvent les familles dysfonctionnelles pour comprendre l'impact sur le développement des enfants.
Psychologists often study dysfunctional families to understand the impact on child development.
'Dysfonctionnelles' is feminine plural, agreeing with 'familles'.
Le gouvernement a promis de réformer le système éducatif, jugé trop dysfonctionnel par de nombreux experts.
The government promised to reform the education system, deemed too dysfunctional by many experts.
'Dysfonctionnel' is masculine singular, agreeing with 'système éducatif'.
Il est difficile de maintenir une relation saine quand les deux partenaires ont des comportements dysfonctionnels.
It is difficult to maintain a healthy relationship when both partners have dysfunctional behaviors.
'Dysfonctionnels' is masculine plural, agreeing with 'comportements'.
L'ancien système de gestion des archives était tellement dysfonctionnel qu'il a fallu tout reprendre à zéro.
The old archive management system was so dysfunctional that everything had to be started from scratch.
'Dysfonctionnel' is masculine singular, agreeing with 'système'.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— Refers to a family unit where unhealthy patterns of behavior, communication, or emotional interaction prevail, hindering the well-being of its members.
Beaucoup de livres et de films explorent le thème d'une famille dysfonctionnelle.
— Describes an organized structure or set of rules that does not operate effectively or efficiently, leading to problems or failures.
Le journaliste a critiqué le système dysfonctionnel de distribution de l'aide.
— Indicates a relationship characterized by unhealthy dynamics, such as control, manipulation, lack of respect, or constant conflict.
Elle a finalement compris que sa relation avec lui était profondément dysfonctionnelle.
— Actions or patterns of behavior that are not healthy, constructive, or appropriate for a given situation, often stemming from underlying psychological issues.
Le thérapeute a aidé le patient à identifier ses comportements dysfonctionnels.
— Refers to the patterns of interaction and influence within a group or relationship that are unhealthy and counterproductive.
Il faut briser la dynamique dysfonctionnelle pour que le groupe puisse avancer.
Frequentemente confundido com
'Défectueux' usually refers to a physical flaw or defect in an object, while 'dysfonctionnel' describes a broader failure to operate normally or healthily, often in systems or relationships.
'En panne' means 'broken down' or 'out of order', typically for machines that have stopped working. 'Dysfonctionnel' implies improper functioning, not necessarily a complete halt.
'Insainable' means 'unhealthy'. While related, 'dysfonctionnel' specifically points to the lack of proper functioning that *causes* the unhealthiness, especially in dynamics.
Fácil de confundir
Both describe something not working correctly.
'Défectueux' is for physical flaws in objects (e.g., a defective phone). 'Dysfonctionnel' is for systems, relationships, or processes that are not operating as they should, often due to inherent issues in their structure or dynamics (e.g., a dysfunctional family, a dysfunctional economic system).
Le grille-pain est défectueux (it's broken). Le système de vote est dysfonctionnel (it's unfair or inefficient).
Both indicate a state of not working.
'En panne' is temporary and usually applies to machines that have stopped working (e.g., 'La voiture est en panne' - The car is broken down). 'Dysfonctionnel' implies a more systemic or ingrained issue where something is operating incorrectly or unhealthily, but not necessarily completely stopped (e.g., 'Le système de chauffage est dysfonctionnel' - The heating system is not working properly, it might be too hot or too cold, not completely off).
Mon ordinateur est en panne (it won't turn on). Mon système de gestion de projet est dysfonctionnel (it's inefficient and causes delays).
Both are negative descriptors.
'Problématique' is a general term meaning 'problematic' or 'raising questions'. 'Dysfonctionnel' is more specific, indicating a failure of normal or healthy operation. A dysfunctional system is always problematic, but a problematic situation isn't necessarily dysfunctional (it might just be difficult or complex).
La situation est problématique (it's a problem). La communication au sein de l'équipe est dysfonctionnelle (it's not working well, leading to misunderstandings).
Both relate to negative states, especially in personal contexts.
'Insainable' (unhealthy) describes the detrimental effect on well-being. 'Dysfonctionnel' describes the cause or the mechanism of that unhealthiness, focusing on the failure of proper functioning. You can have an unhealthy lifestyle ('mode de vie insainable') that results from dysfunctional habits.
Un environnement familial insainable (an unhealthy family environment). Un environnement familial dysfonctionnel (a family environment where interactions are unhealthy because they don't function properly).
Both can describe negative interactions or outcomes.
'Maladroit' means clumsy or awkward, typically referring to physical actions or social interactions lacking grace or skill. 'Dysfonctionnel' refers to a system or relationship that is fundamentally not working correctly or healthily, often leading to negative outcomes, which might include maladroit behavior but is not limited to it.
Il a fait un geste maladroit (he made an awkward gesture). Leur relation est devenue dysfonctionnelle (their relationship is unhealthy due to poor dynamics).
Padrões de frases
Le/La [Noun] est dysfonctionnel(le).
Le vieux téléphone est dysfonctionnel.
Une [Noun] dysfonctionnelle
Une relation dysfonctionnelle peut causer beaucoup de peine.
Le [Noun] est devenu dysfonctionnel.
Le système de transport est devenu dysfonctionnel.
Ils ont grandi dans une famille dysfonctionnelle.
Elle a raconté son enfance dans une famille dysfonctionnelle.
Le caractère dysfonctionnel de [Noun]
Le caractère dysfonctionnel du système a été critiqué.
Les comportements dysfonctionnels ont des conséquences.
Les comportements dysfonctionnels peuvent être difficiles à changer.
Il est important de reconnaître une dynamique dysfonctionnelle.
Il est important de reconnaître une dynamique dysfonctionnelle pour pouvoir la changer.
La structure organisationnelle s'est avérée dysfonctionnelle.
La structure organisationnelle de l'entreprise s'est avérée dysfonctionnelle au fil du temps.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Como usar
High, especially in contexts related to psychology, sociology, and systems analysis.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a 'DIS'aster in a 'FUNC'tion. A 'dys-func-tion-nel' thing is like a disaster in its function. Think of a family where things are a disaster, or a machine that's a disaster to use.
Associação visual
Picture a broken clock with its hands pointing erratically, symbolizing a system that is not functioning correctly. Alternatively, visualize a tangled mess of wires representing a dysfunctional network or relationship.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to describe three different things you've encountered (real or imagined) that could be considered 'dysfonctionnel'. For each, specify whether it's a system, a relationship, or an environment, and briefly explain why.
Origem da palavra
The word 'dysfonctionnel' is derived from the Greek prefix 'dys-' (meaning 'bad', 'difficult', 'abnormal') and the Latin word 'functio' (meaning 'performance', 'execution', 'discharge of duty'). It entered French through the influence of scientific and psychological terminology.
Significado original: The core idea is 'functioning badly' or 'abnormally'.
Greek prefix + Latin root + French suffixContexto cultural
While 'dysfonctionnel' is a descriptive term, it can be sensitive when applied to individuals or families, as it implies significant problems. It's important to use it appropriately and avoid casual or judgmental application, especially in personal contexts.
The English word 'dysfunctional' is a direct cognate and shares nearly identical meanings and usage, particularly in psychological and sociological contexts. Both terms are used to describe unhealthy family dynamics, problematic relationships, and inefficient systems.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Therapy and Counseling
- famille dysfonctionnelle
- relation dysfonctionnelle
- comportement dysfonctionnel
- dynamique familiale dysfonctionnelle
Sociology and Politics
- système dysfonctionnel
- structure sociale dysfonctionnelle
- gouvernement dysfonctionnel
- institution dysfonctionnelle
Business and Management
- organisation dysfonctionnelle
- processus dysfonctionnel
- structure organisationnelle dysfonctionnelle
- management dysfonctionnel
Personal Narratives and Literature
- enfance dysfonctionnelle
- environnement dysfonctionnel
- héritage dysfonctionnel
- vivre dans un foyer dysfonctionnel
Technology and Engineering
- système dysfonctionnel
- mécanisme dysfonctionnel
- logiciel dysfonctionnel
- réseau dysfonctionnel
Iniciadores de conversa
"Can you think of a time when a system you relied on feltdysfonctionnel?"
"How does the concept of a 'dysfonctionnel' family resonate with you?"
"In what ways can communication become dysfonctionnel within a group?"
"What are the signs of a dysfonctionnel relationship, in your opinion?"
"How might a dysfonctionnel work environment impact productivity?"
Temas para diário
Reflect on a time you observed or experienced something described as 'dysfonctionnel'. What were the key characteristics?
If you were to describe a fictional character's family as 'dysfonctionnelle', what specific traits would you highlight?
Consider a system in your daily life (e.g., public transport, bureaucracy). Could any part of it be considered 'dysfonctionnel'? How?
Write a short story where a character tries to improve a 'dysfonctionnel' situation.
How does understanding the term 'dysfonctionnel' help in analyzing complex social issues?
Perguntas frequentes
1 perguntasSummary
The adjective 'dysfonctionnel' signifies a failure of normal or healthy operation, most commonly applied to families, relationships, and systems that exhibit problematic dynamics or inefficiencies. Proper grammatical agreement with the noun it modifies is essential.
- Dysfonctionnel: not operating normally, especially in families/relationships.
- Used for systems, organizations, and unhealthy interpersonal dynamics.
- Implies a failure of proper or healthy functioning.
- Requires adjective agreement (dysfonctionnel, dysfonctionnelle, dysfonctionnels, dysfonctionnelles).
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