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कर्तव्य

A2 noun #1,200 mais comum 7 min de leitura

कर्तव्य

kartavya Top 1,200

At the A1 level, 'Kartavya' is introduced as a basic concept of 'duty' or 'homework' in a very simple sense. Beginners learn that it is a masculine noun. They might use it in short sentences like 'This is my duty' (Yeh mera kartavya hai). At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word and understanding that it relates to things you 'must' do. It is often taught alongside family members to show basic social roles, such as 'a son's duty' or 'a student's duty.' Learners are encouraged to use it to describe simple responsibilities they have in their daily lives, even if 'kaam' is more common. The goal is to build a foundation for understanding moral obligations later on. Exercises at this level involve simple matching and identifying the word in basic sentences. Vocabulary is kept minimal, focusing on the word's primary meaning without complex grammatical structures. It's about building the 'what' before the 'why.'

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'Kartavya' in more varied contexts, such as school and family life. They learn to pair it with common verbs like 'nibhana' (to fulfill). At this stage, the distinction between 'Kartavya' and 'Kaam' (work) starts to become clearer. A2 learners can describe their duties in a few sentences, such as 'It is my duty to help my friends' or 'A teacher's duty is to teach.' They also start to encounter the word in simple stories or cultural notes. The grammar focus shifts to using possessive pronouns correctly (mera/apna kartavya). Learners are expected to understand that 'Kartavya' is more formal than 'Zimmedari.' They might also learn the plural form 'Kartavyon' in simple phrases. The cultural aspect of 'duty toward parents' is often introduced here as it is a central theme in Indian society. Exercises include filling in the blanks and simple sentence construction.

At the B1 level, 'Kartavya' is used to discuss social and civic responsibilities. Learners can explain why something is a duty, using conjunctions like 'kyunki' (because). They encounter the word in news snippets or short articles about social issues. B1 students learn to use 'Kartavya' in the context of citizenship, such as the duty to vote or keep the city clean. They also start to understand the nuance between 'Kartavya' (moral duty) and 'Adhikar' (rights). This level introduces more complex verb pairings like 'kartavya ka palan karna' (to follow duty). Learners can participate in simple debates about what constitutes a 'good citizen's duty.' They are also introduced to the Urdu synonym 'Farz' and learn when to use which word based on the setting. The focus is on expanding the context from the personal to the social. Exercises involve reading short paragraphs and answering questions about the duties described.

At the B2 level, learners use 'Kartavya' to discuss abstract concepts and ethical dilemmas. They can talk about professional ethics and the 'Kartavya' of different vocations like doctors, soldiers, or leaders. B2 students are expected to use the word fluently in discussions about history, politics, and literature. They understand the philosophical roots of the word and its connection to 'Dharma.' At this level, they can handle complex grammatical structures involving the word, such as 'kartavya-parayan' (devoted to duty). They can write essays comparing rights and duties in a modern society. The register becomes more important here; learners know that 'Kartavya' is the appropriate word for formal writing and speeches. They also learn common idioms and proverbs involving duty. Exercises include summarizing formal speeches and participating in structured debates on moral obligations.

At the C1 level, 'Kartavya' is used in academic and highly formal contexts. Learners can analyze the use of the word in classical Hindi literature and legal texts like the Indian Constitution. They understand the subtle differences between 'Kartavya,' 'Dayitva,' and 'Uttardayitva.' C1 students can discuss the evolution of the concept of duty in Indian society from ancient times to the present. They can use the word to express complex philosophical ideas, such as the conflict between personal desire and social duty. Their vocabulary includes advanced collocations like 'naitik kartavya' (moral duty) and 'savaidhanik kartavya' (constitutional duty). At this stage, the learner is expected to have a near-native grasp of the word's emotional and cultural resonance. They can interpret nuances in political rhetoric where 'Kartavya' is used to motivate or guilt-trip the public. Exercises involve analyzing legal documents and writing critiques of literary works.

At the C2 level, the learner has a masterly command over 'Kartavya.' They can use it with all its cultural, historical, and philosophical nuances. They can engage in high-level academic discussions about the 'Kartavya' of a state versus the 'Kartavya' of an individual. C2 learners can appreciate and use the word in poetic and metaphorical ways. They can distinguish between the 'Kartavya' described in the Vedas and its modern legal interpretation. They are comfortable using the word in any register, from a formal diplomatic address to a sophisticated literary critique. They can also identify and use archaic or highly specialized forms of the word if necessary. At this level, 'Kartavya' is not just a vocabulary word but a tool for deep cultural and philosophical expression. Exercises include translating complex philosophical texts and delivering persuasive speeches on the nature of obligation and freedom.

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

कर्तव्य em 30 segundos

A formal Hindi word for 'duty' or 'moral obligation' rooted in Sanskrit.
Used to describe responsibilities toward family, society, and the nation.
Grammatically a masculine noun, often paired with the verb 'nibhana' (to fulfill).
A key cultural concept linked to 'Dharma' and contrasted with 'Adhikar' (rights).

The Hindi word कर्तव्य (Kartavya) is a profound term rooted in ancient Sanskrit, derived from the root 'Kṛ' (to do) combined with the suffix 'tavya' (which denotes necessity or obligation). In its most literal sense, it translates to 'that which ought to be done.' Unlike the English word 'job' or 'task,' which often implies a transactional nature, Kartavya carries a heavy moral and ethical weight. It represents the intersection of social responsibility, moral law, and personal integrity. When a Hindi speaker uses this word, they are rarely talking about a simple chore; they are discussing a sacred obligation or a fundamental duty that defines one's character and place in society. It is the cornerstone of the Indian philosophical concept of Dharma, where performing one's duty is seen as the highest form of living.

Moral Obligation: This refers to the duties one has towards family, such as a child's duty to care for aging parents or a parent's duty to provide for their children. It is internal and driven by conscience.
Civic Duty: This encompasses the responsibilities of a citizen toward their nation, such as voting, paying taxes, or protecting the environment. In Hindi, this is often called 'Nagrik Kartavya'.

अपने देश की सेवा करना हमारा परम कर्तव्य है। (Serving our country is our supreme duty.)

In modern daily life, you will encounter Kartavya in formal speeches, legal documents, and literature. However, it also appears in emotional family discussions. If someone says, 'यह मेरा कर्तव्य है' (This is my duty), they are expressing a deep commitment that goes beyond mere preference. It is often contrasted with अधिकार (Adhikar), which means 'rights.' The balance between rights and duties is a common theme in Indian political and social discourse. While 'Zimmedari' (responsibility) is a common synonym, Kartavya is preferred when the speaker wants to emphasize the nobility or the non-negotiable nature of the action. It suggests that the action is not just expected, but is the right thing to do according to a higher moral order.

माता-पिता की सेवा करना बच्चों का कर्तव्य माना जाता है। (Serving parents is considered the duty of children.)

Using कर्तव्य (Kartavya) correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun. It typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence and is often paired with verbs like 'निभाना' (to fulfill/perform) or 'पालन करना' (to follow/obey). When you want to say 'to do one's duty,' the most natural phrasing is 'कर्तव्य निभाना' (Kartavya nibhana). Because it is a formal word, it often appears in the company of adjectives like 'परम' (supreme), 'नैतिक' (moral), 'धार्मिक' (religious), or 'संवैधानिक' (constitutional).

With 'Nibhana' (To Fulfill): उसने अपना कर्तव्य पूरी ईमानदारी से निभाया। (He fulfilled his duty with complete honesty.)
With 'Palan Karna' (To Follow): हमें अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन करना चाहिए। (We should follow/obey our duties.)

सैनिक सीमा पर अपना कर्तव्य निभा रहे हैं। (Soldiers are fulfilling their duty on the border.)

In complex sentences, Kartavya can be used to describe a conflict of interest. For example, 'कर्तव्य और प्रेम के बीच' (between duty and love) is a classic trope in Indian storytelling. It is also used in the plural form 'कर्तव्यों' (Kartavyon) when followed by postpositions like 'का', 'को', or 'में'. For instance, 'कर्तव्यों का बोझ' (the burden of duties). Understanding the nuances of these pairings helps in constructing sentences that sound native and sophisticated. It is also common to see it used in the context of 'Kartavya-parayan' (duty-bound/devoted to duty), which is an adjective describing a person who is exceptionally dedicated to their responsibilities.

सत्य बोलना हर मनुष्य का नैतिक कर्तव्य है। (Speaking the truth is every human's moral duty.)

The word कर्तव्य (Kartavya) is ubiquitous in Indian public life. If you watch Hindi news channels, you will frequently hear anchors and politicians debating the 'fundamental duties' of citizens. During national holidays like Republic Day or Independence Day, the Prime Minister's speech invariably includes a call to the nation to remember their Kartavya toward the motherland. It is a word that evokes patriotism and collective responsibility. In the legal realm, the Indian Constitution lists 'Fundamental Duties' (Maulik Kartavya), making the word essential for anyone studying Indian law or civics.

In Cinema and Literature: Bollywood films, especially those with themes of justice or military service, use 'Kartavya' to highlight a character's internal struggle or heroism. A police officer might say, 'मैं सिर्फ अपना कर्तव्य कर रहा हूँ' (I am just doing my duty).
In Educational Settings: Teachers often use the word to remind students of their responsibilities toward their studies and their school. 'विद्यार्थियों का कर्तव्य है कि वे अनुशासन में रहें' (It is the duty of students to remain disciplined).

संविधान में नागरिकों के दस मूल कर्तव्य बताए गए हैं। (Ten fundamental duties of citizens are mentioned in the Constitution.)

Beyond formal settings, Kartavya is heard in religious discourses (Pravachans). Preachers often talk about 'Dharma and Kartavya,' emphasizing that fulfilling one's worldly duties is a path to spiritual growth. In a workplace, a manager might use it during an appraisal to discuss a professional's 'Karya-Kartavya' (work duties). Even in household arguments, an elder might remind a younger member of their 'Pariwarik Kartavya' (family duties). This wide range of usage—from the highest levels of government to the intimacy of the home—makes it one of the most culturally significant words in the Hindi language.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing कर्तव्य (Kartavya) with काम (Kaam). While 'Kaam' simply means work or a task, 'Kartavya' implies a moral or legal necessity. For example, washing dishes is 'kaam,' but providing for your family is 'kartavya.' Using 'kartavya' for trivial daily chores can sound overly dramatic or even sarcastic to a native speaker. Another frequent error is related to gender. Since 'Kartavya' is masculine, learners often mistakenly use feminine adjectives or possessive pronouns (like 'मेरी कर्तव्य' instead of 'मेरा कर्तव्य').

Confusion with 'Zimmedari': 'Zimmedari' means responsibility. While often interchangeable, 'Zimmedari' is more common in everyday conversation, whereas 'Kartavya' is reserved for higher-level moral or official obligations.
Incorrect Verb Pairing: Learners sometimes say 'कर्तव्य करना' (to do duty). While not entirely wrong, it sounds much better to use 'कर्तव्य निभाना' (to fulfill duty) or 'कर्तव्य का पालन करना' (to follow duty).

गलत: यह मेरी कर्तव्य है। (Wrong gender)
सही: यह मेरा कर्तव्य है। (Correct gender)

Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the plural form in oblique cases. Remember that when followed by a postposition, 'कर्तव्य' becomes 'कर्तव्यों'. For example, 'अपने कर्तव्यों को समझो' (Understand your duties). Another nuance is the difference between 'Kartavya' and 'Farz'. 'Farz' is an Urdu-origin word that is extremely common in spoken Hindi and Bollywood songs. While they mean the same thing, 'Kartavya' sounds more formal and 'Shuddh' (pure) Hindi, while 'Farz' is more colloquial and emotionally charged. Using 'Kartavya' in a very casual setting might make you sound like a textbook, so pay attention to the register of the conversation.

Hindi offers several words that overlap with कर्तव्य (Kartavya), each with its own shade of meaning and register. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most common synonym is ज़िम्मेदारी (Zimmedari), which is widely used for general responsibilities. Another important alternative is फ़र्ज़ (Farz), which comes from Urdu and is very popular in everyday speech and poetry. Then there is उत्तरदायित्व (Uttardayitva), a highly formal word meaning 'accountability' or 'responsibility'.

Kartavya vs. Farz: 'Kartavya' is Sanskrit-based and formal. 'Farz' is Persian/Urdu-based and emotional. You'll hear 'Farz' in movies ('मेरा फ़र्ज़ है') and 'Kartavya' in news or textbooks.
Kartavya vs. Zimmedari: 'Zimmedari' is practical (e.g., responsibility for a project). 'Kartavya' is moral (e.g., duty to one's parents). You 'take' (lena) a zimmedari, but you 'fulfill' (nibhana) a kartavya.
Kartavya vs. Uttardayitva: 'Uttardayitva' is even more formal than 'Kartavya' and specifically refers to being answerable for something. It is often used in corporate or administrative contexts.

इंसानियत की सेवा करना सबसे बड़ा फ़र्ज़ है। (Serving humanity is the greatest duty - using the Urdu synonym.)

Other related terms include दायित्व (Dayitva), which is similar to 'Uttardayitva' and often refers to legal or official obligations. In religious contexts, धर्म (Dharma) is sometimes used as a synonym for duty, though its meaning is much broader, encompassing righteousness and cosmic order. When choosing between these, consider your audience. If you are speaking to a friend, 'Farz' or 'Zimmedari' is best. If you are writing an essay or giving a formal speech, 'Kartavya' or 'Dayitva' will make you sound more educated and precise.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"सभी नागरिकों को अपने संवैधानिक कर्तव्यों का निर्वहन करना चाहिए।"

Neutro

"माता-पिता की देखभाल करना हमारा कर्तव्य है।"

Informal

"यार, यह तो मेरा फ़र्ज़ (कर्तव्य) बनता है।"

Child friendly

"अच्छे बच्चे अपना कर्तव्य निभाते हैं और बड़ों की बात मानते हैं।"

Gíria

"कर्तव्य की पट्टी मत पढ़ाओ!"

Curiosidade

The word 'Kartavya' is a cousin to the English word 'Create' and 'Karma', as they all share the Proto-Indo-European root *kwer- (to make, form).

Guia de pronúncia

UK /kəɾ.t̪əʋ.jə/

US /kər.t̪əv.jə/

The stress is evenly distributed, with a slight emphasis on the first syllable 'Kar'.

Rima com

भव्य (Bhavya - Grand) काव्य (Kavya - Poetry) नव्य (Navya - New) द्रव्य (Dravya - Substance) सव्य (Savya - Left/Southern) अव्य (Avya - Eternal) गव्य (Gavya - Derived from cow) श्रव्य (Shravya - Audible)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 't' as a hard English 't' (alveolar). It should be soft (dental).
Over-emphasizing the final 'a' in 'ya'. It should be a short schwa sound.
Pronouncing 'v' like a hard English 'w'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

The script is standard, but the concept is abstract. Requires understanding of conjunct characters (व्य).

Escrita 4/5

The conjunct 'व्य' and the half 'त' can be tricky for beginners to write correctly.

Expressão oral 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward if dental 't' is mastered, but the word is long.

Audição 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to recognize in formal speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

काम (Work) करना (To do) मेरा (My) चाहिए (Should) ज़िम्मेदारी (Responsibility)

Aprenda a seguir

अधिकार (Rights) निभाना (To fulfill) पालन (Following) नैतिक (Moral) संवैधानिक (Constitutional)

Avançado

धर्म (Dharma) निष्ठा (Devotion) परायण (Dedicated) निर्वहन (Discharge) उत्तरदायित्व (Accountability)

Gramática essencial

Masculine Noun Agreement

'Mera Kartavya' (My duty) - the possessive 'Mera' ends in 'a' to match the masculine 'Kartavya'.

Oblique Case Plural

'Kartavyon ko' (To the duties) - 'Kartavya' changes to 'Kartavyon' before a postposition.

Compound Nouns

'Kartavya-palan' (Duty-following) - nouns can be joined to create specific concepts.

Infinitive as Subject

'Sach bolna kartavya hai' (To speak truth is duty) - the verb 'bolna' acts as a noun.

Modal 'Chahiye'

'Hamein kartavya nibhana chahiye' (We should fulfill duty) - used for obligations.

Exemplos por nível

यह मेरा कर्तव्य है।

This is my duty.

'Mera' (my) agrees with the masculine noun 'Kartavya'.

पढ़ना आपका कर्तव्य है।

Studying is your duty.

'Aapka' is the formal 'your'.

सच बोलना अच्छा कर्तव्य है।

Speaking the truth is a good duty.

'Achha' (good) is masculine singular.

यह उसका कर्तव्य नहीं है।

This is not his/her duty.

'Uska' can mean his or her.

क्या यह आपका कर्तव्य है?

Is this your duty?

Question structure with 'Kya'.

मेरा कर्तव्य घर साफ़ करना है।

My duty is to clean the house.

Simple infinitive 'saaf karna' used as a complement.

माता-पिता की बात मानना कर्तव्य है।

Obeying parents is a duty.

'Maanna' means to obey or agree.

छोटा कर्तव्य भी बड़ा होता है।

Even a small duty is big.

'Chhota' and 'Bada' are masculine adjectives.

हमें अपना कर्तव्य निभाना चाहिए।

We should fulfill our duty.

'Chahiye' indicates 'should'.

सैनिक का कर्तव्य देश की रक्षा करना है।

A soldier's duty is to protect the country.

Possessive 'ka' links soldier and duty.

क्या आपने अपना कर्तव्य पूरा किया?

Did you complete your duty?

Past tense with 'kiya'.

हर बच्चे का कर्तव्य है कि वह पढ़े।

It is every child's duty that they study.

Use of 'ki' (that) to connect clauses.

वह अपना कर्तव्य कभी नहीं भूलता।

He never forgets his duty.

Present habitual tense.

ईमानदारी से काम करना हमारा कर्तव्य है।

Working with honesty is our duty.

'Hamara' (our) agrees with 'Kartavya'.

अपने कर्तव्यों को समझो।

Understand your duties.

Plural oblique 'kartavyon' with 'ko'.

यह एक ज़रूरी कर्तव्य है।

This is an important duty.

'Zaroori' is an invariant adjective.

नागरिकों को अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन करना चाहिए।

Citizens should follow their duties.

'Palan karna' is a standard collocation.

समाज के प्रति हमारा भी कुछ कर्तव्य है।

We also have some duty toward society.

'Ke prati' means 'toward'.

अधिकार और कर्तव्य एक ही सिक्के के दो पहलू हैं।

Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin.

A common metaphorical expression.

उसने अपने कर्तव्य के लिए अपनी जान दे दी।

He gave his life for his duty.

'Ke liye' means 'for'.

शिक्षक का कर्तव्य केवल पढ़ाना ही नहीं है।

A teacher's duty is not just to teach.

'Keval... hi nahi' means 'not only'.

क्या आप अपने कर्तव्यों से भाग रहे हैं?

Are you running away from your duties?

'Se bhagna' means 'to run away from'.

कर्तव्य का मार्ग हमेशा कठिन होता है।

The path of duty is always difficult.

'Marg' (path) is masculine.

हमें अपने नैतिक कर्तव्यों को नहीं भूलना चाहिए।

We should not forget our moral duties.

'Naitik' means 'moral'.

एक नेता का कर्तव्य जनता की सेवा करना है।

A leader's duty is to serve the people.

'Janata' is a feminine collective noun.

कर्तव्यपरायण व्यक्ति हमेशा सम्मान पाता है।

A duty-bound person always receives respect.

'Kartavya-parayan' is a compound adjective.

उसने कर्तव्य और भावनाओं के बीच संघर्ष महसूस किया।

He felt a conflict between duty and emotions.

'Sangharsh' means 'conflict'.

संविधान हमें हमारे कर्तव्यों की याद दिलाता है।

The Constitution reminds us of our duties.

'Yaad dilana' means 'to remind'.

बिना कर्तव्य के अधिकार अर्थहीन हैं।

Rights without duty are meaningless.

'Bina' (without) takes the oblique case.

डॉक्टर का प्राथमिक कर्तव्य मरीज़ की जान बचाना है।

A doctor's primary duty is to save the patient's life.

'Prathmik' means 'primary'.

वह अपने कर्तव्यों के प्रति बहुत सचेत है।

He is very conscious of his duties.

'Sachet' means 'conscious' or 'aware'.

कर्तव्य पालन में ही सच्ची खुशी है।

True happiness lies in fulfilling one's duty.

'Hi' is an emphatic particle.

गांधीजी ने कर्तव्यों पर अधिक ज़ोर दिया था।

Gandhiji had laid more emphasis on duties.

'Zor dena' means 'to emphasize'.

मानवीय कर्तव्यों की उपेक्षा समाज के लिए घातक है।

Neglecting human duties is fatal for society.

'Upeksha' means 'neglect'.

सच्चा धर्म कर्तव्य की वेदी पर आत्म-बलिदान है।

True religion is self-sacrifice on the altar of duty.

'Vedi' means 'altar'.

न्यायाधीश का कर्तव्य निष्पक्ष न्याय करना है।

A judge's duty is to provide impartial justice.

'Nishpaksh' means 'impartial'.

कर्तव्य की पुकार पर वह तुरंत चला गया।

He left immediately at the call of duty.

'Pukar' means 'call'.

क्या राज्य का कर्तव्य केवल सुरक्षा प्रदान करना है?

Is the state's duty only to provide security?

'Rajya' means 'state'.

कर्तव्यबोध ही मनुष्य को पशु से अलग करता है।

Sense of duty alone distinguishes man from animals.

'Kartavyabodh' means 'sense of duty'.

साहित्यकार का कर्तव्य समाज को आईना दिखाना है।

A writer's duty is to show a mirror to society.

'Sahityakar' means 'writer/literateur'.

कर्तव्य की अवधारणा समय के साथ बदलती रहती है।

The concept of duty keeps changing with time.

'Avdharna' means 'concept'.

श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता निष्काम कर्तव्य का संदेश देती है।

The Bhagavad Gita gives the message of selfless duty.

'Nishkam' means 'without desire for results'.

संवैधानिक कर्तव्यों का निर्वहन लोकतंत्र की नींव है।

Discharging constitutional duties is the foundation of democracy.

'Nirvahan' means 'discharge' or 'fulfillment'.

कर्तव्य और आत्म-बोध का गहरा संबंध है।

There is a deep connection between duty and self-realization.

'Sambandh' means 'connection'.

जब कर्तव्य बोझ बन जाए, तो वह अपनी पवित्रता खो देता है।

When duty becomes a burden, it loses its sanctity.

'Pavitrata' means 'sanctity'.

प्रशासकों को अपने कर्तव्य के प्रति जवाबदेह होना चाहिए।

Administrators should be accountable to their duty.

'Jawabdeh' means 'accountable'.

कर्तव्य की वेदी पर व्यक्तिगत इच्छाओं का त्याग अनिवार्य है।

Sacrificing personal desires on the altar of duty is mandatory.

'Anivarya' means 'mandatory'.

वैश्विक नागरिकता के अपने अलग कर्तव्य होते हैं।

Global citizenship has its own distinct duties.

'Vaishvik' means 'global'.

Colocações comuns

कर्तव्य निभाना

कर्तव्य का पालन करना

नैतिक कर्तव्य

नागरिक कर्तव्य

कर्तव्य से विमुख होना

परम कर्तव्य

कर्तव्य की पुकार

कर्तव्यबोध

संवैधानिक कर्तव्य

कर्तव्यपरायणता

Frases Comuns

कर्तव्य ही धर्म है

अपना कर्तव्य समझो

कर्तव्य की वेदी पर

कर्तव्य और अधिकार

कर्तव्य का मार्ग

महान कर्तव्य

कर्तव्य की भावना

कर्तव्य से भागना

कर्तव्य की सीमा

सच्चा कर्तव्य

Frequentemente confundido com

कर्तव्य vs काम (Kaam)

Kaam is just work; Kartavya is a moral obligation.

कर्तव्य vs ज़िम्मेदारी (Zimmedari)

Zimmedari is general responsibility; Kartavya is more formal and noble.

कर्तव्य vs फ़र्ज़ (Farz)

Farz is the Urdu equivalent; Kartavya is more Sanskritized/formal.

Expressões idiomáticas

"कर्तव्य की बलि चढ़ना"

To be sacrificed for duty. Usually refers to someone losing their life or happiness for a cause.

वह देश के लिए कर्तव्य की बलि चढ़ गया।

Formal/Literary

"कर्तव्य से हाथ धोना"

To lose or fail in one's duty. Often used when someone fails a major responsibility.

लापरवाही के कारण वह अपने कर्तव्य से हाथ धो बैठा।

Colloquial

"कर्तव्य की बेड़ियाँ"

The shackles of duty. Used when duty feels restrictive or burdensome.

कभी-कभी कर्तव्य की बेड़ियाँ बहुत भारी लगती हैं।

Poetic

"कर्तव्य का डंका बजाना"

To loudly proclaim one's duty. Often used sarcastically for someone who boasts about their responsibilities.

वह हर जगह अपने कर्तव्य का डंका बजाता फिरता है।

Informal

"कर्तव्य की आग में जलना"

To suffer while performing a difficult duty.

वह परिवार के लिए कर्तव्य की आग में जल रहा है।

Literary

"कर्तव्य को सिर आँखों पर रखना"

To accept a duty with great respect and readiness.

उसने राजा के आदेश को कर्तव्य मानकर सिर आँखों पर रखा।

Formal

"कर्तव्य की कसौटी"

The test of duty. A situation that proves one's integrity.

संकट का समय ही कर्तव्य की असली कसौटी है।

Formal

"कर्तव्य की राह पर"

On the path of duty. Following the right course of action.

वह हमेशा कर्तव्य की राह पर चलता है।

Neutral

"कर्तव्य का बोझ"

The burden of duty. Feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities.

उस पर पूरे परिवार के कर्तव्य का बोझ है।

Neutral

"कर्तव्य की पुकार"

The call of duty. An urgent or noble summons to act.

जब कर्तव्य की पुकार आई, तो वह पीछे नहीं हटा।

Formal

Fácil de confundir

कर्तव्य vs कृतज्ञ (Kritagya)

Sounds similar due to the 'Kr' root.

Kritagya means 'grateful', while Kartavya means 'duty'.

मैं आपका कृतज्ञ हूँ (I am grateful to you) vs यह मेरा कर्तव्य है (This is my duty).

कर्तव्य vs कृत्य (Kritya)

Similar Sanskrit root.

Kritya means an 'act' or 'deed' (often negative), whereas Kartavya is a 'duty'.

यह एक बुरा कृत्य है (This is a bad deed).

कर्तव्य vs कर्म (Karma)

Both relate to action.

Karma is action/fate; Kartavya is specific obligation.

अपना कर्म करो (Do your deed/work).

कर्तव्य vs कार्य (Karya)

Both mean work/task.

Karya is a general term for work; Kartavya is what *must* be done.

यह कार्य कठिन है (This task is difficult).

कर्तव्य vs अधिकार (Adhikar)

Often used together, so meanings get swapped by learners.

Adhikar is 'right' (what you get); Kartavya is 'duty' (what you give).

अपने अधिकार के लिए लड़ो (Fight for your right).

Padrões de frases

यह [Possessive] कर्तव्य है।

यह मेरा कर्तव्य है।

[Noun] का कर्तव्य [Infinitive] है।

विद्यार्थी का कर्तव्य पढ़ना है।

हमें [Possessive] कर्तव्यों का पालन करना चाहिए।

हमें अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन करना चाहिए।

[Person] अपने कर्तव्य के प्रति [Adjective] है।

वह अपने कर्तव्य के प्रति सचेत है।

[Abstract Noun] कर्तव्य की वेदी पर [Verb] है।

प्रेम कर्तव्य की वेदी पर बलिदान हो गया।

कर्तव्य की अवधारणा [Context] में [Verb] है।

कर्तव्य की अवधारणा समाज में बदलती रहती है।

बिना [Noun] के कर्तव्य [Adjective] है।

बिना अधिकार के कर्तव्य अधूरा है।

क्या यह आपका कर्तव्य है?

Família de palavras

Substantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

Como usar

frequency

High in formal contexts, medium in daily speech.

Erros comuns

Using 'Meri Kartavya' → Mera Kartavya
'Kartavya' is masculine, so the possessive pronoun must be 'Mera', not the feminine 'Meri'.
Saying 'Kartavya karna' for washing dishes. → Bartan dhona (work)
'Kartavya' is too formal for minor chores. Use it for significant moral or legal duties.
Confusing 'Kartavya' with 'Kritagya'. → Kartavya (Duty) / Kritagya (Grateful)
These words sound similar but have completely different meanings. Don't tell someone 'It is my grateful' when you mean 'It is my duty'.
Using 'Kartavya' as a feminine noun in plural. → Apne Kartavyon ko
Learners often forget to change 'Kartavya' to 'Kartavyon' when followed by 'ko' or 'ka'.
Overusing 'Kartavya' in casual slang. → Farz or Zimmedari
In a very informal street-style conversation, 'Kartavya' can sound out of place. 'Farz' is usually better for that vibe.

Dicas

Gender Agreement

Always remember 'Kartavya' is masculine. Say 'Mera Kartavya' and 'Achha Kartavya'. This is a common point where learners lose marks in exams.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'Kartavya' in essays, speeches, and formal letters. Use 'Farz' when talking to friends or watching movies to sound more natural.

The 'Dharma' Connection

Understand that 'Kartavya' is a part of 'Dharma'. In an Indian context, doing your duty is often seen as more important than seeking personal happiness.

Dental 'T'

The 't' in 'Kartavya' is dental. Touch your tongue to your teeth, not the roof of your mouth, to avoid a heavy English accent.

Conjunct Mastery

Practice writing the 'vya' (व्य) part. It’s a very common conjunct in Hindi (also found in 'Bhavya', 'Kavya'). Mastering it helps with many other words.

Duty vs. Right

In debates, always pair 'Kartavya' with 'Adhikar' (Rights). This is the standard way to discuss social balance in Hindi.

Using 'Nibhana'

Pair 'Kartavya' with 'Nibhana' (to fulfill) rather than just 'Karna' (to do). It sounds much more sophisticated and native.

News Keywords

If you hear 'Kartavya' on the news, it's likely a story about civic responsibility, law, or a politician's promise.

Karma-Tavya

Remember: Karma (Action) + Tavya (Tough/Must). A Kartavya is an action you MUST do, even if it's tough.

Oblique Form

When you see 'कर्तव्यों' (Kartavyon), don't get confused. It's just the plural form of 'Kartavya' used with a preposition.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'KAR' (as in 'Karma' - action) and 'TAVYA' (sounds like 'Tough-ya'). Duty is a 'Tough Action' you must do.

Associação visual

Imagine a soldier standing guard in the rain. He is not there for fun, but because of his 'Kartavya'.

Word Web

Duty Dharma Responsibility Obligation Honor Citizen Family Ethics

Desafio

Write down three 'Kartavya' you have toward your community and try to use the word in a sentence for each.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'Kartavya', which is a gerundive form of the root 'Kṛ' (to do).

Significado original: That which is to be done; an obligation; a necessity.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

Contexto cultural

Be careful not to use 'Kartavya' to sound bossy. It's better used to describe your own obligations rather than demanding them from others.

In English, 'duty' can sound cold or military. In Hindi, 'Kartavya' sounds noble and is often used with warmth in family contexts.

The Bhagavad Gita (Karmanyevadhikaraste... - focusing on duty without attachment) The Indian Constitution (Article 51A - Fundamental Duties) Bollywood movie 'Kartavya' (1995)

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Family

माता-पिता का कर्तव्य
बच्चों का कर्तव्य
परिवार के प्रति कर्तव्य
घर के कर्तव्य

Work

पेशेवर कर्तव्य
काम के प्रति कर्तव्य
सहकर्मियों का कर्तव्य
समय पर आना कर्तव्य है

Nation

नागरिक कर्तव्य
देश के प्रति कर्तव्य
वोट देना कर्तव्य है
कानून का पालन कर्तव्य है

Ethics

नैतिक कर्तव्य
सच्चा कर्तव्य
मानवता का कर्तव्य
कर्तव्य और ईमानदारी

Education

विद्यार्थी का कर्तव्य
शिक्षक का कर्तव्य
सीखना हमारा कर्तव्य है
अनुशासन का कर्तव्य

Iniciadores de conversa

"आपके अनुसार एक अच्छे नागरिक का सबसे बड़ा कर्तव्य क्या है? (What is the biggest duty of a good citizen according to you?)"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि कर्तव्य अधिकारों से ज़्यादा ज़रूरी हैं? (Do you think duties are more important than rights?)"

"एक बेटे या बेटी का अपने माता-पिता के प्रति क्या कर्तव्य होता है? (What is the duty of a son or daughter toward their parents?)"

"क्या आपने कभी कर्तव्य और इच्छा के बीच संघर्ष महसूस किया है? (Have you ever felt a conflict between duty and desire?)"

"स्कूलों में बच्चों को कर्तव्यों के बारे में कैसे सिखाना चाहिए? (How should children be taught about duties in schools?)"

Temas para diário

आज मैंने अपना कौन सा कर्तव्य निभाया? (Which duty of mine did I fulfill today?)

मेरे जीवन का सबसे कठिन कर्तव्य क्या रहा है? (What has been the most difficult duty of my life?)

क्या कर्तव्य के बिना स्वतंत्रता संभव है? अपने विचार लिखें। (Is freedom possible without duty? Write your thoughts.)

मेरे पेशेवर जीवन में मेरे क्या कर्तव्य हैं? (What are my duties in my professional life?)

कर्तव्य और प्रेम में से आप किसे चुनेंगे और क्यों? (Between duty and love, which would you choose and why?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

'Kartavya' is a masculine noun. You should use masculine adjectives and possessive pronouns with it, such as 'मेरा कर्तव्य' (my duty) or 'बड़ा कर्तव्य' (big duty).

Both mean 'duty'. 'Kartavya' comes from Sanskrit and is used in formal, academic, or 'Shuddh' Hindi contexts. 'Farz' comes from Urdu and is more common in daily conversation, poetry, and films. 'Farz' often has a more emotional tone.

Technically you can, but it sounds very dramatic or sarcastic. For daily chores, 'kaam' or 'zimmedari' is much more appropriate. Use 'Kartavya' for things like 'duty to the nation' or 'duty to parents'.

The most natural way is 'अपना कर्तव्य निभाना' (apna kartavya nibhana) or 'अपने कर्तव्य का पालन करना' (apne kartavya ka palan karna). Using 'kartavya karna' is okay but less idiomatic.

The plural is also 'कर्तव्य' (Kartavya) in the direct case. However, in the oblique case (when followed by a postposition like 'ko', 'ka', 'se'), it becomes 'कर्तव्यों' (Kartavyon).

Yes, both come from the Sanskrit root 'Kṛ' (to do). 'Karma' refers to action or the results of action, while 'Kartavya' refers to the necessity of action—what *should* be done.

It is an adjective used to describe a person who is very dedicated, dutiful, and devoted to their responsibilities. It is a high compliment.

Yes, the Indian Constitution has a section called 'Fundamental Duties,' which is translated as 'मौलिक कर्तव्य' (Maulik Kartavya).

It is a conjunct of a half 'v' and 'ya'. Pronounce it quickly as 'vyuh' (with a short 'a' sound at the end, like the 'u' in 'but').

Yes, 'Kartavya' is occasionally used as a masculine first name in India, symbolizing a person of responsibility and integrity.