Usage: Refers to homeland, nation, or foreign country.
Connotation: Often carries emotional weight, pride, belonging.
Alternatives: देश (desh), राष्ट्र (rashtra), वतन (vatan).
Core Meaning
'मुल्क' (mulk) is a fundamental word in Hindi, directly translating to 'country' or 'nation.' It encompasses the geographical territory, the political entity, and the people who inhabit it. It's a term often used with a sense of pride, belonging, or responsibility towards one's homeland.
Usage in Context
You'll hear 'मुल्क' used in various contexts, from everyday conversations about where someone is from, to more formal discussions about national policies, international relations, or the welfare of the country. It carries a weight that is both geographical and emotional. For instance, when someone speaks of their 'प्यारा मुल्क' (pyara mulk - beloved country), they are expressing deep affection for their homeland. Similarly, discussions about 'देशभक्ति' (deshbhakti - patriotism) often revolve around the concept of love and service to one's 'मुल्क'. This word is also frequently encountered in news reports, patriotic songs, and literature, solidifying its importance in expressing national identity and sentiment.
Nuances
While 'देश' (desh) is another common word for country, 'मुल्क' often carries a slightly more poetic or emotional connotation, especially when referring to one's own homeland. It can evoke a sense of shared heritage and collective identity. In some contexts, it might also refer to a foreign country, especially when contrasting it with one's own. For example, 'वह दूसरे मुल्क में रहता है' (vah doosre mulk mein rehta hai - he lives in another country). The choice between 'देश' and 'मुल्क' can sometimes depend on the speaker's intent and the specific tone they wish to convey.
हमारा मुल्क बहुत खूबसूरत है।
Our country is very beautiful.
वह अपने मुल्क के लिए कुछ करना चाहता है।
He wants to do something for his country.
Emotional Connection
The word 'मुल्क' is often associated with feelings of patriotism, nostalgia, and a sense of responsibility. People often use it when discussing their homeland with pride or when expressing a desire to contribute to its progress. For example, a person living abroad might often speak of missing their 'मुल्क' and its culture. This emotional resonance makes 'मुल्क' a powerful word in Hindi, capable of evoking strong sentiments.
यह मुल्क शांति और समृद्धि के लिए जाना जाता है।
This country is known for peace and prosperity.
Basic Sentence Structure
'मुल्क' typically functions as a noun in a sentence. It can be the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. When referring to one's own country, it's often used with possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (mera - my) or 'हमारा' (hamara - our). For example, 'मेरा मुल्क' (mera mulk - my country) or 'हमारा मुल्क' (hamara mulk - our country). When referring to a general country or a foreign country, it can be used without possessives or with demonstrative pronouns like 'यह' (yah - this) or 'वह' (vah - that).
Examples with Different Grammatical Roles
As Subject:
यह मुल्क बहुत समृद्ध है।
This country is very prosperous.As Object:
सरकार अपने मुल्क की रक्षा करती है।
The government protects its country.In a Prepositional Phrase:
वह मुल्क से बहुत प्यार करता है।
He loves the country very much.
Using with Verbs
'मुल्क' commonly appears with verbs related to living, visiting, protecting, loving, and developing. Some common verbs include: 'रहना' (rehna - to live), 'घूमना' (ghoomna - to travel/visit), 'रक्षा करना' (raksha karna - to protect), 'प्यार करना' (pyar karna - to love), 'विकसित करना' (viksit karna - to develop), 'सेवा करना' (seva karna - to serve).
Adjectives and Modifiers
Adjectives can be used to describe the 'मुल्क'. Common adjectives include: 'बड़ा' (bada - big), 'छोटा' (chhota - small), 'सुंदर' (sundar - beautiful), 'समृद्ध' (samriddh - prosperous), 'विकसित' (viksit - developed), 'विकासशील' (vikassheel - developing), 'शांतिपूर्ण' (shantipoorn - peaceful). For example: 'एक बड़ा मुल्क' (ek bada mulk - a big country), 'एक शांतिपूर्ण मुल्क' (ek shantipoorn mulk - a peaceful country).
Common Sentence Patterns
- Subject + 'मुल्क' + Adjective:
भारत एक विशाल मुल्क है।
India is a vast country. - Possessive Pronoun + 'मुल्क' + Verb/Phrase:
मैं अपने मुल्क में खुश हूँ।
I am happy in my country. - 'मुल्क' + Postposition + Noun/Pronoun:
उसने मुल्क के लिए बहुत काम किया।
He did a lot of work for the country.
Everyday Conversations
You'll frequently hear 'मुल्क' in casual conversations among native Hindi speakers. When discussing their origins, travel plans, or even current events, the word 'मुल्क' is a natural choice. For example, someone might say: 'मैं अपने मुल्क वापस जा रहा हूँ।' (Main apne mulk wapas ja raha hoon. - I am going back to my country.) or 'क्या आपने कभी यह मुल्क घूमा है?' (Kya aapne kabhi yeh mulk ghooma hai? - Have you ever traveled to this country?). It's a common term used when people express their connection to their homeland.
News and Media
News anchors, reporters, and commentators regularly use 'मुल्क' when discussing national issues, politics, economy, and international relations. For instance, a news report might state: 'हमारे मुल्क की अर्थव्यवस्था तेज़ी से बढ़ रही है।' (Hamare mulk ki arthavyavastha tezi se badh rahi hai. - Our country's economy is growing rapidly.) or 'देशों के बीच मुल्क की सुरक्षा एक महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दा है।' (Deshon ke beech mulk ki suraksha ek mahatvapurn mudda hai. - The security of the country is an important issue between nations.). The word lends a formal yet accessible tone to such discussions.
Patriotic Songs and Literature
'मुल्क' is a staple in patriotic songs and literature that celebrate national pride and identity. It's often used in phrases that evoke deep emotions about one's homeland. Consider lines from patriotic songs: 'ऐ मेरे वतन के लोगों, तुम खूब लगा लो नारा, ये ख़ूबसूरत नज़ारा, ये मुल्क हमारा।' (Ae mere watan ke logon, tum khoob laga lo naara, ye khoobsurat nazara, ye mulk hamara. - Oh people of my country, raise your slogans loudly, this beautiful sight, this country is ours.) The use of 'मुल्क' here adds a layer of emotional depth and collective ownership.
Political Speeches and Discussions
Politicians often use 'मुल्क' when addressing the public, emphasizing national development, unity, or sovereignty. For example, a politician might say: 'हमें अपने मुल्क को आगे ले जाना है।' (Hamein apne mulk ko aage le jaana hai. - We have to take our country forward.) or 'यह मुल्क की जनता की आवाज़ है।' (Yeh mulk ki janta ki awaaz hai. - This is the voice of the people of the country.). The term is used to foster a sense of shared responsibility and national purpose.
Cultural and Social Commentary
In discussions about culture, society, and national identity, 'मुल्क' is frequently used. It helps to frame conversations around the collective identity and shared experiences of people within a nation. For example, an essay might explore: 'हमारे मुल्क की सांस्कृतिक विविधता इसकी सबसे बड़ी ताक़त है।' (Hamare mulk ki saanskritik vividhta iski sabse badi taaqat hai. - The cultural diversity of our country is its greatest strength.). The word anchors these discussions to the concept of a unified nation.
Confusing 'मुल्क' with 'मलिक' (Malik)
A common phonetic confusion can arise between 'मुल्क' (mulk - country) and 'मलिक' (malik - owner, lord, king). While they sound similar, their meanings are entirely different. 'मलिक' is a title or a noun referring to someone who owns or rules something. Using 'मलिक' when you mean 'मुल्क' would lead to a completely nonsensical sentence. For example, saying 'मेरा मलिक बहुत सुंदर है' (Mera malik bahut sundar hai) would mean 'My owner/king is very beautiful,' not 'My country is very beautiful.' Always ensure you are using the correct word for the intended meaning.
Overusing 'मुल्क' when 'देश' (Desh) is more appropriate
While 'मुल्क' and 'देश' both mean 'country,' 'देश' is often used in more neutral or formal contexts, especially in official documents or when referring to a country in a purely geographical or political sense without strong emotional attachment. 'मुल्क' often carries a more personal and emotional connotation. If you are writing a formal report about international trade, 'देश' might be preferred. However, in a poem about one's homeland, 'मुल्क' would be more fitting. Relying solely on 'मुल्क' in every instance might sound overly sentimental or less precise in certain formal settings.
Incorrect Pluralization
'मुल्क' is generally used as a singular noun referring to one country. While you can talk about multiple countries, you wouldn't typically pluralize 'मुल्क' itself. Instead, you would use phrases like 'कई मुल्क' (kai mulk - many countries) or list the names of different countries. For example, you wouldn't say 'मुल्कों' to mean 'countries' in the same way you might pluralize other nouns. The phrase 'विभिन्न मुल्क' (vibhinn mulk - various countries) is more common and grammatically sound than trying to create a plural form of 'मुल्क' itself.
Using 'मुल्क' for 'homeland' in a very broad sense
While 'मुल्क' often implies homeland, it's important to be precise. If you are referring to a region or a specific part of a country that you feel a strong connection to, using 'क्षेत्र' (kshetra - region) or 'इलाका' (ilaaka - area) might be more appropriate than 'मुल्क'. For example, if you are talking about your specific village or state, calling it your 'मुल्क' might be an overstatement unless you are speaking poetically about your entire nation.
Ignoring Grammatical Agreement
Like all Hindi nouns, 'मुल्क' can influence the gender and number agreement of adjectives and verbs in a sentence. Although 'मुल्क' is grammatically masculine, one must ensure that adjectives and verbs agree with it. For instance, if you say 'यह मुल्क सुंदर है' (Yah mulk sundar hai), 'सुंदर' (sundar) agrees with the masculine noun. Incorrect agreement, such as using a feminine adjective, would be a grammatical error.
देश (Desh)
Comparison: 'देश' is the most common and direct translation for 'country'. It is generally more neutral and can be used in almost all contexts where 'मुल्क' is used, but 'मुल्क' often carries a stronger emotional or personal connotation. 'देश' is also frequently used in formal contexts like government, law, and international relations. Example: 'भारत मेरा देश है।' (Bharat mera desh hai. - India is my country.) Example: 'यह एक विकसित देश है।' (Yah ek viksit desh hai. - This is a developed country.)
राष्ट्र (Rashtra)
Comparison: 'राष्ट्र' refers more specifically to a 'nation' as a distinct political and cultural entity, often emphasizing shared identity, culture, and a sense of belonging. It's a more abstract concept than 'मुल्क' or 'देश'. While 'मुल्क' can refer to the land and people, 'राष्ट्र' focuses on the collective identity and the idea of a unified nation. Example: 'राष्ट्रीय एकता बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।' (Rashtriya ekta bahut mahatvapurn hai. - National unity is very important.) Example: 'हमें अपने राष्ट्र का गौरव बनाए रखना चाहिए।' (Hamein apne rashtra ka gaurav banaye rakhna chahiye. - We should maintain the pride of our nation.)
सूबा (Suba)
Comparison: 'सूबा' refers to a 'province' or a large administrative division within a country, similar to a state in India or a region. It is a sub-unit of a country, not the country itself. Therefore, it is not a direct synonym for 'मुल्क'. Example: 'यह पंजाब सूबे में स्थित है।' (Yah Punjab sube mein sthit hai. - This is located in the province of Punjab.)
वतन (Vatan)
Comparison: 'वतन' is a poetic and highly emotional term for one's homeland or native country. It carries a very strong sense of attachment, love, and belonging, often used in literature and songs. It's very similar to 'मुल्क' in its emotional weight but can be even more poetic. Example: 'मेरा वतन, मेरी जान।' (Mera vatan, meri jaan. - My homeland, my life.) Example: 'वह अपने वतन की मिट्टी को याद करता था।' (Vah apne vatan ki mitti ko yaad karta tha. - He remembered the soil of his homeland.)
ज़मीन (Zameen)
Comparison: 'ज़मीन' literally means 'land' or 'earth'. While a country is made of land, 'ज़मीन' is not a direct synonym for 'country' or 'nation'. It refers to the physical ground. However, in poetic contexts, 'ज़मीन' can sometimes be used metaphorically to refer to one's native land. Example: 'यह हमारी पुश्तैनी ज़मीन है।' (Yah hamari pushtaini zameen hai. - This is our ancestral land.)
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The Arabic root 'mulk' is also the source of words like 'malik' (owner, king) in Arabic and related terms in other Semitic languages, all pointing to concepts of rule and possession.
Pronouncing the 'u' sound too long, like in 'pool'. It should be short.
Confusing the 'l' sound with 'r'.
Adding extra syllables or sounds.
Nível de dificuldade
Leitura3/5
The word 'मुल्क' is common in B1 level reading materials, especially those discussing geography, culture, or current events. Understanding its nuances and connotations is key to comprehension.
Escrita3/5
Using 'मुल्क' appropriately in writing requires understanding its emotional weight and distinguishing it from synonyms like 'देश'. It's suitable for B1 level writing tasks related to personal opinions or descriptive essays.
Expressão oral3/5
Speakers at the B1 level can use 'मुल्क' in conversations about their homeland, travel, or national identity. Its common usage makes it relatively easy to incorporate into spoken Hindi.
Audição3/5
Listeners at B1 level should be able to recognize and understand 'मुल्क' in various contexts, from news broadcasts to casual conversations. Its frequent appearance aids recognition.
'मुल्क' is a masculine noun. Adjectives and verbs must agree with this gender. For example, 'यह मुल्क बड़ा है' (Yah mulk bada hai - This country is big), not 'बड़ी' (badi).
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (mera - my), 'तुम्हारा' (tumhara - your), 'उसका' (uska - his/her), 'हमारा' (hamara - our) agree in gender and number with 'मुल्क' (masculine singular). So, it's 'मेरा मुल्क', not 'मेरी मुल्क'.
Postpositions
When followed by postpositions like 'में' (mein - in), 'से' (se - from/by), 'के लिए' (ke liye - for), 'मुल्क' remains in its base form or oblique form 'मुल्कों' for plural contexts. E.g., 'इस मुल्क में' (Is mulk mein - In this country), 'दूसरे मुल्क से' (Doosre mulk se - From another country).
Demonstrative Pronouns
'यह' (yah - this) and 'वह' (vah - that) are used before 'मुल्क'. 'यह मुल्क' (This country), 'वह मुल्क' (That country).
Using 'कई' (kai - many) for plural reference
To refer to multiple countries, instead of pluralizing 'मुल्क', use 'कई मुल्क'. For example, 'कई मुल्क इस समझौते में शामिल हुए।' (Kai mulk is samjhaute mein shaamil hue. - Many countries joined this agreement.)
'मुल्क' is a masculine noun. 'मेरा' agrees with the masculine noun.
2
मैं एक मुल्क में रहता हूँ।
I live in a country.
Here, 'मुल्क' is used generically.
3
यह मुल्क बड़ा है।
This country is big.
'बड़ा' is an adjective describing 'मुल्क'.
4
हमारा मुल्क प्यारा है।
Our country is lovely.
'प्यारा' is an adjective describing 'मुल्क'.
5
यह मुल्क दूर है।
This country is far.
'दूर' means far.
6
क्या यह आपका मुल्क है?
Is this your country?
Interrogative sentence structure.
7
मैं इस मुल्क को जानता हूँ।
I know this country.
'जानता हूँ' means 'I know'.
8
यह एक नया मुल्क है।
This is a new country.
'नया' means new.
1
वह अपने मुल्क वापस जा रहा है।
He is going back to his country.
'अपने' refers to 'his own'. 'वापस जा रहा है' means 'is going back'.
2
क्या आपने कभी यह मुल्क घूमा है?
Have you ever traveled to this country?
'घूमा है' is the present perfect tense for 'traveled'.
3
इस मुल्क की संस्कृति बहुत पुरानी है।
The culture of this country is very old.
'की' shows possession. 'संस्कृति' is culture.
4
सरकार मुल्क के विकास के लिए काम कर रही है।
The government is working for the development of the country.
'विकास' means development. 'के लिए' means 'for'.
5
मुझे अपने मुल्क पर गर्व है।
I am proud of my country.
'गर्व है' means 'am proud'.
6
यह मुल्क अपनी प्राकृतिक सुंदरता के लिए जाना जाता है।
This country is known for its natural beauty.
'जाना जाता है' means 'is known'.
7
वह दूसरे मुल्क में नौकरी करता है।
He works in another country.
'दूसरे' means other. 'नौकरी करता है' means 'works'.
8
हमें अपने मुल्क की सेवा करनी चाहिए।
We should serve our country.
'सेवा करनी चाहिए' means 'should serve'.
1
यह मुल्क अपनी ऐतिहासिक धरोहर के लिए विश्वभर में प्रसिद्ध है।
This country is famous worldwide for its historical heritage.
'ऐतिहासिक धरोहर' means historical heritage. 'विश्वभर में' means worldwide. 'प्रसिद्ध है' means is famous.
2
प्रवासी अपने मुल्क की यादों में खोए रहते हैं।
The expatriates remain lost in memories of their country.
'प्रवासी' means expatriates/migrants. 'यादों में खोए रहते हैं' means remain lost in memories.
3
किसी भी मुल्क की तरक्की उसके नागरिकों पर निर्भर करती है।
The progress of any country depends on its citizens.
'तरक्की' means progress. 'नागरिकों' means citizens. 'निर्भर करती है' means depends.
4
हमें अपने मुल्क की अखंडता और संप्रभुता की रक्षा करनी चाहिए।
We must protect the integrity and sovereignty of our country.
'अखंडता' means integrity. 'संप्रभुता' means sovereignty. 'रक्षा करनी चाहिए' means must protect.
5
इस मुल्क ने खेल के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धियां हासिल की हैं।
This country has achieved significant accomplishments in the field of sports.
'खेल के क्षेत्र में' means in the field of sports. 'महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धियां हासिल की हैं' means has achieved significant accomplishments.
6
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध इस मुल्क की विदेश नीति का एक अहम हिस्सा हैं।
International relations are an important part of this country's foreign policy.
'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध' means international relations. 'विदेश नीति' means foreign policy. 'अहम हिस्सा' means important part.
7
वह एक ऐसे मुल्क की कल्पना करता है जहाँ सभी को समान अवसर मिलें।
He imagines a country where everyone gets equal opportunities.
'समान अवसर' means equal opportunities. 'मिलें' means get/receive.
8
पर्यटन इस मुल्क की अर्थव्यवस्था में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देता है।
Tourism contributes significantly to this country's economy.
'पर्यटन' means tourism. 'अर्थव्यवस्था' means economy. 'महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देता है' means contributes significantly.
1
किसी भी मुल्क की प्रगति उसकी शिक्षा प्रणाली की सुदृढ़ता पर बहुत कुछ निर्भर करती है।
The progress of any country largely depends on the robustness of its education system.
'प्रगति' means progress. 'शिक्षा प्रणाली' means education system. 'सुदृढ़ता' means robustness. 'बहुत कुछ निर्भर करती है' means largely depends.
2
हमें अपने मुल्क के साहित्य और कला को बढ़ावा देने के लिए सक्रिय प्रयास करने चाहिए।
We should make active efforts to promote the literature and art of our country.
'साहित्य' means literature. 'कला' means art. 'बढ़ावा देने के लिए' means to promote. 'सक्रिय प्रयास' means active efforts.
3
विभिन्न संस्कृतियों का संगम इस मुल्क को एक अनूठी पहचान देता है।
The confluence of different cultures gives this country a unique identity.
'विभिन्न संस्कृतियों का संगम' means confluence of different cultures. 'अनूठी पहचान' means unique identity.
4
राजनीतिक अस्थिरता अक्सर किसी भी मुल्क के आर्थिक विकास में बाधा डालती है।
Political instability often hinders the economic development of any country.
'राजनीतिक अस्थिरता' means political instability. 'आर्थिक विकास' means economic development. 'बाधा डालती है' means hinders.
5
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना होगा कि हमारा मुल्क वैश्विक मंच पर अपनी आवाज उठा सके।
We will have to ensure that our country can raise its voice on the global stage.
'सुनिश्चित करना होगा' means will have to ensure. 'वैश्विक मंच पर' means on the global stage. 'आवाज उठा सके' means can raise its voice.
6
तकनीकी नवाचार किसी भी मुल्क की प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता को बढ़ाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।
Technological innovations play a crucial role in enhancing the competitiveness of any country.
'तकनीकी नवाचार' means technological innovations. 'प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता' means competitiveness. 'बढ़ाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं' means play a crucial role in enhancing.
7
इस मुल्क की भौगोलिक विविधता इसे पर्यटन के लिए एक आकर्षक गंतव्य बनाती है।
The geographical diversity of this country makes it an attractive destination for tourism.
'भौगोलिक विविधता' means geographical diversity. 'आकर्षक गंतव्य' means attractive destination.
8
हमें अपने मुल्क के पर्यावरण की रक्षा के लिए सामूहिक प्रयास करने होंगे।
We will have to make collective efforts to protect the environment of our country.
'पर्यावरण' means environment. 'रक्षा के लिए' means for protection. 'सामूहिक प्रयास' means collective efforts.
1
आर्थिक उदारीकरण ने इस मुल्क को वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था के साथ एकीकृत करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।
Economic liberalization has played a significant role in integrating this country with the global economy.
'आर्थिक उदारीकरण' means economic liberalization. 'एकीकृत करने में' means in integrating. 'वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था' means global economy.
2
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि हमारे मुल्क के युवा पीढ़ी को भविष्य की चुनौतियों का सामना करने के लिए तैयार किया जाए।
We must ensure that the youth of our country are prepared to face the challenges of the future.
'युवा पीढ़ी' means youth generation. 'भविष्य की चुनौतियों' means challenges of the future. 'सामना करने के लिए तैयार किया जाए' means are prepared to face.
3
किसी भी मुल्क की सांस्कृतिक पहचान को बनाए रखने के लिए उसकी भाषा और परंपराओं का संरक्षण अत्यंत आवश्यक है।
Preservation of its language and traditions is extremely essential for maintaining the cultural identity of any country.
'सांस्कृतिक पहचान' means cultural identity. 'भाषा और परंपराओं का संरक्षण' means preservation of language and traditions. 'अत्यंत आवश्यक है' means is extremely essential.
4
हमें अपने मुल्क की न्याय प्रणाली में सुधार लाने के लिए निरंतर प्रयास करते रहना चाहिए।
We must continue to make continuous efforts to bring about reforms in our country's judicial system.
'न्याय प्रणाली' means judicial system. 'सुधार लाने के लिए' means to bring about reforms. 'निरंतर प्रयास' means continuous efforts.
5
इस मुल्क की कूटनीतिक पहल ने अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति और सहयोग को बढ़ावा दिया है।
The diplomatic initiatives of this country have promoted international peace and cooperation.
'कूटनीतिक पहल' means diplomatic initiatives. 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति और सहयोग' means international peace and cooperation. 'बढ़ावा दिया है' means has promoted.
6
पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए प्रत्येक मुल्क को अपनी जिम्मेदारियों को गंभीरता से लेना होगा।
Every country will have to take its responsibilities seriously to ensure environmental sustainability.
'पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता' means environmental sustainability. 'जिम्मेदारियों को गंभीरता से लेना होगा' means will have to take responsibilities seriously.
7
हमें अपने मुल्क की अर्थव्यवस्था को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने के लिए नवाचार और उद्यमशीलता को प्रोत्साहित करना चाहिए।
We should encourage innovation and entrepreneurship to make our country's economy self-reliant.
'अर्थव्यवस्था को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने' means to make the economy self-reliant. 'नवाचार और उद्यमशीलता' means innovation and entrepreneurship. 'प्रोत्साहित करना चाहिए' means should encourage.
8
इस मुल्क की विविध भौगोलिक संरचना ने विभिन्न प्रकार की वनस्पतियों और जीवों को आश्रय दिया है।
The diverse geographical structure of this country has provided shelter to various types of flora and fauna.
'विविध भौगोलिक संरचना' means diverse geographical structure. 'वनस्पतियों और जीवों' means flora and fauna. 'आश्रय दिया है' means has provided shelter.
1
किसी भी मुल्क की दीर्घकालिक समृद्धि उसके सामाजिक सामंजस्य और समावेशी विकास की क्षमता में निहित है।
The long-term prosperity of any country lies in its social cohesion and capacity for inclusive development.
'दीर्घकालिक समृद्धि' means long-term prosperity. 'सामाजिक सामंजस्य' means social cohesion. 'समावेशी विकास' means inclusive development. 'निहित है' means lies in.
2
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए सचेत रहना होगा कि हमारे मुल्क की युवा पीढ़ी पाश्चात्य संस्कृति के अंधानुकरण से विचलित न हो।
We must remain vigilant to ensure that the youth of our country are not diverted by the blind imitation of Western culture.
'सचेत रहना होगा' means must remain vigilant. 'पाश्चात्य संस्कृति' means Western culture. 'अंधानुकरण' means blind imitation. 'विचलित न हो' means are not diverted.
3
इस मुल्क की साहित्यिक विरासत को संरक्षित और संवर्धित करने के लिए बहुआयामी दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है।
A multi-faceted approach is needed to preserve and promote the literary heritage of this country.
'साहित्यिक विरासत' means literary heritage. 'संरक्षित और संवर्धित करने के लिए' means to preserve and promote. 'बहुआयामी दृष्टिकोण' means multi-faceted approach.
4
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंच पर अपने मुल्क के हितों की प्रभावी ढंग से पैरवी करने के लिए कूटनीतिक कौशल और सामरिक समझ अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Diplomatic skills and strategic understanding are extremely important for effectively advocating for our country's interests on the international stage.
'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंच पर' means on the international stage. 'हितों की प्रभावी ढंग से पैरवी करने' means for effectively advocating for interests. 'कूटनीतिक कौशल' means diplomatic skills. 'सामरिक समझ' means strategic understanding.
5
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना होगा कि हमारे मुल्क की शासन प्रणाली में पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेही सर्वोपरि हो।
We will have to ensure that transparency and accountability are paramount in our country's governance system.
'शासन प्रणाली' means governance system. 'पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेही' means transparency and accountability. 'सर्वोपरि हो' means are paramount.
6
इस मुल्क की अर्थव्यवस्था को वैश्विक मंदी के प्रभावों से बचाने के लिए सुदृढ़ नीतियों और त्वरित प्रतिक्रिया तंत्र की आवश्यकता है।
The economy of this country requires robust policies and rapid response mechanisms to protect it from the effects of the global recession.
'वैश्विक मंदी' means global recession. 'प्रभावों से बचाने के लिए' means to protect from the effects. 'सुदृढ़ नीतियों' means robust policies. 'त्वरित प्रतिक्रिया तंत्र' means rapid response mechanisms.
7
हमें अपने मुल्क की भाषाई और सांस्कृतिक विविधता को एक राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति के रूप में देखना चाहिए, न कि विभाजनकारी तत्व के रूप में।
We should view our country's linguistic and cultural diversity as a national asset, not as a divisive element.
'भाषाई और सांस्कृतिक विविधता' means linguistic and cultural diversity. 'राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति' means national asset. 'विभाजनकारी तत्व' means divisive element.
8
इस मुल्क की ऐतिहासिक गहराई और सांस्कृतिक समृद्धि को विश्व के समक्ष प्रस्तुत करने के लिए एक व्यापक रणनीति की आवश्यकता है।
A comprehensive strategy is needed to present the historical depth and cultural richness of this country to the world.
'ऐतिहासिक गहराई' means historical depth. 'सांस्कृतिक समृद्धि' means cultural richness. 'विश्व के समक्ष प्रस्तुत करने के लिए' means to present to the world. 'व्यापक रणनीति' means comprehensive strategy.
— Peaceful country. Describes a nation free from conflict and violence.
स्विट्जरलैंड एक शांतिपूर्ण मुल्क है। (Switzerland ek shantipoorn mulk hai. - Switzerland is a peaceful country.)
Frequentemente confundido com
मुल्कvsमलिक (Malik)
'मलिक' means owner, lord, or king. It sounds similar to 'मुल्क' but has a completely different meaning. Always ensure you are using 'मुल्क' for country and 'मलिक' for owner/king.
मुल्कvsमुल्क़ (Mulq - Arabic)
This is the original Arabic spelling and pronunciation. In Hindi, it is commonly transliterated and pronounced as 'मुल्क' (Mulk).
मुल्कvsमेले (Mele)
'मेले' means fairs or festivals. This is a completely unrelated word that might be confused due to similar vowel sounds in some dialects.
— Literally 'country of soil'. This idiom refers to one's native land or homeland with a deep emotional connection, emphasizing the earth and roots of one's origin.
हर व्यक्ति अपनी मिट्टी के मुल्क को याद करता है। (Har vyakti apni mitti ke mulk ko yaad karta hai. - Every person remembers their native land.)
— Literally 'one's own country is dear'. This is a common expression highlighting the affection and attachment people feel towards their homeland.
भले ही हम कहीं भी रहें, अपना मुल्क हमेशा प्यारा लगता है। (Bhale hi hum kahin bhi rahein, apna mulk hamesha pyara lagta hai. - No matter where we live, our own country always feels dear.)
— Literally 'wealth of the country'. This phrase refers to the people, resources, or achievements that contribute to a nation's strength and prosperity.
हमारे खिलाड़ी हमारे मुल्क की दौलत हैं। (Hamare khiladi hamare mulk ki daulat hain. - Our athletes are the wealth of our country.)
— Literally 'to understand the country'. This idiom implies a deep comprehension of a nation's culture, history, people, and socio-political dynamics.
सिर्फ़ बाहर से देखकर मुल्क को समझना मुश्किल है। (Sirf bahar se dekhkar mulk ko samajhna mushkil hai. - It is difficult to understand a country just by looking from the outside.)
— Literally 'to die for the country'. This is a strong expression of ultimate sacrifice and patriotism.
सैनिक हमेशा मुल्क के लिए मर मिटने को तैयार रहते हैं। (Sainik hamesha mulk ke liye mar mitne ko taiyar rehte hain. - Soldiers are always ready to die for the country.)
— Literally 'the air of the country'. This idiom refers to the general atmosphere, culture, or prevailing sentiment within a nation.
जब वह अपने मुल्क लौटा, तो उसे वही पुरानी मुल्क की हवा महसूस हुई। (Jab vah apne mulk lauta, toh use vahi purani mulk ki hawa mehsoos hui. - When he returned to his country, he felt the same old atmosphere of the country.)
— Literally 'the voice of the country'. This refers to the collective will, opinion, or sentiment of the people of a nation.
चुनावों में जनता की आवाज़ ही मुल्क की आवाज़ होती है। (Chunavon mein janta ki awaaz hi mulk ki awaaz hoti hai. - The voice of the people in elections is the voice of the country.)
— Literally 'the pride of the country'. This refers to things or people that bring honor and glory to a nation, such as achievements, culture, or heroes.
हमारे ओलंपिक पदक विजेता हमारे मुल्क की शान हैं। (Hamare Olympic padak vijeta hamare mulk ki shaan hain. - Our Olympic medal winners are the pride of our country.)
— Literally 'to hold the reins of the country'. This idiom means to lead or govern the country, to be in charge of its administration.
युवा पीढ़ी को जल्द ही मुल्क की बागडोर संभालनी होगी। (Yuva pidhi ko jald hi mulk ki bagdor sambhalni hogi. - The young generation will soon have to take the reins of the country.)
Figurative/Leadership
Fácil de confundir
मुल्कvsदेश (Desh)
Both mean 'country'.
'देश' is a more neutral and common term for country, used in all contexts, including formal and official ones. 'मुल्क' often carries a stronger emotional or personal connotation, implying homeland or a place of belonging. While interchangeable in many casual contexts, 'देश' is generally safer for formal writing.
'मेरा देश' (my country) and 'मेरा मुल्क' (my country) are both correct, but 'मेरा मुल्क' might sound more affectionate.
मुल्कvsराष्ट्र (Rashtra)
Both refer to a political entity.
'राष्ट्र' refers to a 'nation' as a concept, often emphasizing shared identity, culture, and collective consciousness. It's more abstract than 'मुल्क' or 'देश'. 'मुल्क' can refer to the physical land and its people, while 'राष्ट्र' focuses on the idea of a unified national identity.
'यह राष्ट्र महान है।' (This nation is great.) vs. 'यह मुल्क सुंदर है।' (This country is beautiful.)
मुल्कvsवतन (Vatan)
Both refer to homeland with emotional attachment.
'वतन' is a poetic and highly emotional term for homeland, often used in literature and songs. It carries a very strong sense of attachment and love, perhaps even more so than 'मुल्क', which can also be used neutrally. 'मुल्क' can refer to any country, whereas 'वतन' almost exclusively refers to one's native land.
'मेरा वतन' (my homeland) is very poetic, while 'मेरा मुल्क' (my country) is more general but can also be affectionate.
मुल्कvsईलाक़ा (Ilaaka)
Can sometimes refer to a region or territory.
'ईलाक़ा' specifically means 'area', 'region', or 'territory'. It is a part of a country or a specific zone, not the entire country itself. While one might refer to their 'ईलाक़ा' with affection, it's not a synonym for 'मुल्क'.
'यह मेरा ईलाक़ा है।' (This is my area.) vs. 'यह मेरा मुल्क है।' (This is my country.)
मुल्कvsमातृभूमि (Matrubhumi)
Both refer to homeland with deep sentiment.
'मातृभूमि' literally means 'motherland' and is a formal, often poetic, term for one's native country. It carries a sense of deep respect and reverence, similar to 'वतन' but often more formal. 'मुल्क' is more versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, referring to any country, not just one's native land with such profound emotional weight.
'मातृभूमि की सेवा' (service to the motherland) is a formal patriotic phrase, while 'मुल्क की सेवा' (service to the country) is also correct but can be used more broadly.
Padrões de frases
A1
यह + मुल्क + है।
यह <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> भारत है।
A1
मेरा/हमारा + मुल्क + Adjective।
मेरा <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> सुंदर है।
A2
Subject + अपने + मुल्क + वापस जाना।
वह अपने <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> वापस जा रहा है।
A2
इस + मुल्क + की + Noun + है।
इस <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> की संस्कृति पुरानी है।
B1
किसी भी + मुल्क + की + Noun + Noun + पर + निर्भर करना।
किसी भी <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> की तरक्की नागरिकों पर निर्भर करती है।
B1
हमें + अपने + मुल्क + की + Noun + की + रक्षा करनी चाहिए।
हमें अपने <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> की अखंडता की रक्षा करनी चाहिए।
B2
Noun + इस + मुल्क + को + Noun + देना।
सांस्कृतिक संगम इस <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> को अनूठी पहचान देता है।
B2
Noun + किसी भी + मुल्क + के + Noun + में + Noun + डालना।
राजनीतिक अस्थिरता किसी भी <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>मुल्क</mark> के आर्थिक विकास में बाधा डालती है।
High frequency, especially in spoken Hindi and general media.
Erros comuns
Confusing 'मुल्क' with 'मलिक'.→मुल्क (country)
The words sound similar but have entirely different meanings. 'मुल्क' refers to a country or nation, while 'मलिक' means owner, lord, or king. Ensure you use the correct word based on the intended meaning.
Using 'मुल्क' for all references to 'country'.→Use 'देश' (desh) in neutral or formal contexts.
While 'मुल्क' is common, 'देश' is a more general and often more appropriate term in formal settings like official documents or news reports where strong emotional attachment is not the primary focus.
Incorrect gender agreement.→Adjectives and verbs should agree with 'मुल्क' as a masculine noun.
Forgetting that 'मुल्क' is masculine can lead to errors. For example, it should be 'यह मुल्क बड़ा है' (This country is big), not 'बड़ी'.
Trying to pluralize 'मुल्क' directly.→Use 'कई मुल्क' (many countries) or list country names.
Instead of forming a plural like 'मुल्कों' (though it exists in oblique form), it's more common and natural to use 'कई मुल्क' or similar phrases when referring to multiple countries.
Using 'मुल्क' for a region or city.→Use 'इलाका' (ilaaka - region), 'शहर' (shahar - city), etc.
'मुल्क' refers to a sovereign nation. For smaller geographical divisions like regions, cities, or states, use the appropriate specific terms.
Dicas
Mastering the 'u' sound
The 'u' in 'मुल्क' is short and open, like the 'u' in 'put' or 'pull' (but shorter). Avoid prolonging it like the 'oo' in 'cool'. Practice saying 'mulk' clearly and distinctly.
Differentiate from 'देश'
While both mean 'country', 'मुल्क' often carries more emotional weight. Use 'मुल्क' when expressing pride or personal connection to your homeland. Use 'देश' for more neutral or formal references.
Using 'अपना मुल्क'
The phrase 'अपना मुल्क' (apna mulk) is very common and means 'one's own country' or 'homeland'. It's a great way to express personal connection and belonging.
Referring to Foreign Lands
You can refer to a foreign country as 'दूसरा मुल्क' (doosra mulk - another country) or 'विदेशी मुल्क' (videshi mulk - foreign country). Alternatively, 'विदेश' (videsh) or 'परदेश' (pardesh) specifically mean 'abroad'.
Masculine Noun Agreement
Remember that 'मुल्क' is a masculine noun. Ensure that any adjectives or verbs used with it agree in gender. For example, 'यह मुल्क बड़ा है' (This country is big).
Visual Association
Imagine a king (linking to its Arabic origin 'mulk' meaning dominion/kingdom) standing on his vast land, his 'मुल्क'. This visual can help you remember the meaning.
Emotional Resonance
'मुल्क' often evokes feelings of patriotism, nostalgia, and deep affection. When you hear it, consider the emotional context the speaker is trying to convey.
Sentence Building
Try creating sentences using 'मुल्क' in different grammatical roles: as a subject, object, or part of a phrase. For example: 'मेरा मुल्क महान है।' (My country is great.)
Distinguishing 'मुल्क', 'देश', 'वतन'
While similar, 'देश' is neutral, 'मुल्क' is often emotional/personal, and 'वतन' is highly poetic for homeland. Choose based on the desired tone.
Arabic Roots
Knowing that 'मुल्क' comes from Arabic 'mulk' (kingdom/dominion) can help you understand its historical context and its association with sovereignty and rule.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a 'mull' (like a turban) covering a map of a 'k' (king's) country. The 'mull' represents the vastness and covering nature of a country, and the 'king' represents sovereignty and rulership, linking to the origin of the word 'mulk' meaning dominion or kingdom.
Associação visual
Picture a majestic flag waving proudly over a vast landscape, with people united under it. The flag represents the nation ('मुल्क'), the landscape is its territory, and the people signify its inhabitants.
Try to describe your own country or a country you've visited using the word 'मुल्क' in at least three sentences. Focus on its geography, culture, or the feeling it evokes.
Origem da palavra
The word 'मुल्क' is derived from Arabic 'mulk' (مُلْك), which means 'kingdom', 'dominion', 'possession', or 'sovereignty'. It entered Hindi through Persian and Urdu.
The word 'मुल्क' is generally neutral to positive. However, when discussing political issues or international relations, it's important to be aware of nationalistic sentiments and avoid making disparaging remarks about any 'मुल्क'.
In English-speaking cultures, 'country' or 'nation' are standard terms. While patriotism exists, the emotional intensity associated with 'मुल्क' might be more pronounced in Hindi, especially in poetic or informal contexts.
Many patriotic Hindi songs, such as 'Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo', use the term 'मुल्क' to evoke deep emotions about the nation.Historical speeches by leaders often employ 'मुल्क' to inspire national unity and pride.Literary works and poetry frequently use 'मुल्क' to describe the homeland, often with rich imagery and sentiment.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Talking about one's homeland or origin.
मेरा मुल्क
अपना मुल्क
इस मुल्क में
Discussing foreign countries or travel.
दूसरा मुल्क
दूसरे मुल्क में
विदेश
Expressing patriotism or national pride.
प्यारा मुल्क
मुल्क की सेवा
अपने मुल्क पर गर्व
Describing a country's characteristics.
समृद्ध मुल्क
विकसित मुल्क
शांतिपूर्ण मुल्क
Discussing national issues and development.
मुल्क का विकास
मुल्क की अर्थव्यवस्था
मुल्क की सुरक्षा
Iniciadores de conversa
"आप किस मुल्क से हैं?"
"क्या आपने कभी भारत का मुल्क घूमा है?"
"आपके मुल्क की सबसे खास बात क्या है?"
"आप अपने मुल्क के बारे में क्या सोचते हैं?"
"क्या आप अपने मुल्क की संस्कृति के बारे में कुछ बता सकते हैं?"
Temas para diário
आज मैंने अपने मुल्क के बारे में क्या सीखा?
मेरे मुल्क की कौन सी चीज़ मुझे सबसे ज़्यादा पसंद है और क्यों?
अगर मैं अपने मुल्क के लिए कुछ कर पाता, तो वह क्या होता?
मेरे मुल्क की कौन सी ऐतिहासिक घटना मुझे प्रेरित करती है?
मैं अपने मुल्क को भविष्य में कैसा देखना चाहता हूँ?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntas
Yes, 'मुल्क' is primarily translated as 'country' or 'nation'. It refers to a sovereign state, including its territory, people, and government. It can also sometimes refer to a foreign land when contrasted with one's own country.
Both 'मुल्क' and 'देश' mean 'country'. 'देश' is generally more neutral and is used in all contexts, including formal ones. 'मुल्क' often carries a stronger emotional or personal connotation, implying homeland or a place of belonging. Think of 'देश' as the standard term and 'मुल्क' as the term you might use when feeling patriotic or nostalgic.
Yes, 'मुल्क' is very commonly used to refer to one's homeland, especially when expressing a sense of belonging, pride, or affection. Phrases like 'मेरा मुल्क' (my country) or 'अपना मुल्क' (one's own country) strongly imply homeland.
'मुल्क' is a masculine noun in Hindi. This affects the agreement of adjectives and verbs used with it. For example, you would say 'यह मुल्क बड़ा है' (This country is big), using the masculine adjective 'बड़ा'.
You can say 'दूसरा मुल्क' (doosra mulk - another country) or 'विदेशी मुल्क' (videshi mulk - foreign country). You can also use specific terms like 'विदेश' (videsh) or 'परदेश' (pardesh) which specifically mean 'abroad' or 'foreign land'.
While 'मुल्क' is generally used in the singular, the oblique plural form is 'मुल्कों' (mulkon). However, it's more common to refer to multiple countries using phrases like 'कई मुल्क' (kai mulk - many countries) or by listing the names of the countries.
'मुल्क' comes from the Arabic word 'mulk', which means 'kingdom', 'dominion', or 'sovereignty'. It entered Hindi through Persian and Urdu.
Use 'मुल्क' when you want to convey a stronger sense of personal connection, affection, or pride towards your homeland. It's also common in poetic or informal contexts. 'देश' is a safer, more neutral choice for general or formal statements.
A common mistake is confusing it with 'मलिक' (malik - owner/king) due to similar sounds. Also, overuse in formal contexts where 'देश' might be more appropriate, or incorrect grammatical agreement (e.g., using feminine adjectives) can be mistakes.
Some common phrases include 'मेरा मुल्क' (my country), 'हमारा मुल्क' (our country), 'दूसरे मुल्क' (another country), 'मुल्क की सेवा' (service to the country), and 'मुल्क का विकास' (development of the country).
मुल्क (mulk) is a common Hindi word for 'country' or 'nation'. It's often used with a sense of pride and belonging towards one's homeland, making it more emotionally charged than the neutral term 'देश' (desh).
Definition: Country, Nation, State.
Usage: Refers to homeland, nation, or foreign country.
Connotation: Often carries emotional weight, pride, belonging.
Alternatives: देश (desh), राष्ट्र (rashtra), वतन (vatan).
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Mastering the 'u' sound
The 'u' in 'मुल्क' is short and open, like the 'u' in 'put' or 'pull' (but shorter). Avoid prolonging it like the 'oo' in 'cool'. Practice saying 'mulk' clearly and distinctly.
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Differentiate from 'देश'
While both mean 'country', 'मुल्क' often carries more emotional weight. Use 'मुल्क' when expressing pride or personal connection to your homeland. Use 'देश' for more neutral or formal references.
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Using 'अपना मुल्क'
The phrase 'अपना मुल्क' (apna mulk) is very common and means 'one's own country' or 'homeland'. It's a great way to express personal connection and belonging.
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Referring to Foreign Lands
You can refer to a foreign country as 'दूसरा मुल्क' (doosra mulk - another country) or 'विदेशी मुल्क' (videshi mulk - foreign country). Alternatively, 'विदेश' (videsh) or 'परदेश' (pardesh) specifically mean 'abroad'.
