दौहित्र em 30 segundos
- Dauhitra is a formal Hindi word meaning 'daughter's son'.
- It comes from the Sanskrit word for daughter, 'Duhitr'.
- It differs from 'Pota', which is a son's son.
- It is primarily used in literature, legal contexts, and formal invitations.
The word दौहित्र (Dauhitra) is a specialized kinship term in Hindi that specifically denotes a grandson who is the son of one's daughter. Unlike the English language, which often uses the generic term 'grandson' for both the son of a son and the son of a daughter, Hindi maintains a distinct linguistic separation to clarify the maternal versus paternal lineage. This distinction is deeply rooted in the historical and social structure of Indian society, where lineage and inheritance were traditionally tracked with high precision. While the more common, everyday word for a daughter's son is नाती (Nāti), the term दौहित्र belongs to a higher, more formal register of the language, often found in literature, legal documents, and formal family trees.
- Linguistic Root
- The term is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Duhitr' (दुहितृ), which means 'daughter'. In Sanskrit grammar, the addition of specific suffixes can transform a base noun into a derivative meaning 'son of' or 'descendant of'. Therefore, 'Dauhitra' literally translates to 'one who is born of a daughter'.
- Social Significance
- In traditional Indian contexts, the relationship between a maternal grandfather (Nana) or maternal grandmother (Nani) and their daughter's son is considered uniquely affectionate. Because the daughter typically leaves her natal home after marriage to join her husband's family, her children (the dauhitra and dauhitri) are seen as precious links between two distinct families. Using the word 'दौहित्र' elevates this relationship, giving it a sense of dignity and historical weight.
महाराज ने अपने दौहित्र को राज्य का उत्तराधिकारी घोषित किया। (The King declared his daughter's son as the heir to the kingdom.)
You will encounter this word primarily in contexts that demand a high level of formality. For instance, in a legal will (Wasiyatnama), a person might specify property shares for their 'dauhitra' to avoid any ambiguity that the word 'grandson' might cause in English. It is also a staple in Hindu mythology and classical texts. When reading the Mahabharata or the Ramayana, the precise relationship of characters is often defined using such Sanskritized terms to maintain the epic's formal tone. If you are speaking with an elderly person or in a formal ceremony, using 'दौहित्र' instead of 'नाती' shows a deep command of the language and respect for traditional nomenclature.
वह अपने नाना का इकलौता दौहित्र है। (He is the only daughter's son of his maternal grandfather.)
In modern urban Hindi, the word is becoming rarer in casual conversation, but it remains a pillar of the literary vocabulary. Understanding it helps learners bridge the gap between spoken 'Hindustani' and the 'Shuddh Hindi' used in academic or official settings. It provides a window into how Hindi speakers perceive family bonds—not just as a general cluster of relatives, but as a structured network where every position has a specific, meaningful name that defines one's identity and responsibilities within the clan.
Using दौहित्र (Dauhitra) correctly requires an understanding of gender agreement and possessive markers in Hindi. Since it is a masculine noun ending in a consonant sound, its behavior in sentences is relatively straightforward, but it is often preceded by possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (my), 'उसका' (his/her), or 'आपका' (your). It is important to note that the relationship is always defined from the perspective of the maternal grandparents.
- Subjective Use
- When 'दौहित्र' is the subject of the sentence, it takes standard masculine verb endings. For example: 'दौहित्र खेल रहा है' (The daughter's son is playing). However, because it is a formal word, the sentence context usually reflects that dignity.
- Possessive Relationships
- To say 'the grandfather's grandson (daughter's son)', you would use 'नाना का दौहित्र'. Note that 'का' must agree with the masculine gender of 'दौहित्र'. Even if the person speaking is a grandmother (Nani), the grandson remains a 'दौहित्र'.
मेरे नानाजी के पास उनके दौहित्र की तस्वीर हमेशा रहती है। (My maternal grandfather always keeps a picture of his daughter's son with him.)
In the plural form, 'दौहित्र' remains 'दौहित्र' in the direct case, but changes to 'दौहित्रों' in the oblique case (when followed by a postposition like 'को', 'से', 'में', etc.). For example: 'अपने दौहित्रों को आशीर्वाद दीजिए' (Give blessings to your daughter's sons). This nuance is vital for B1 learners who are mastering the oblique case in Hindi grammar.
प्राचीन काल में, दौहित्र को भी संपत्ति में अधिकार प्राप्त थे। (In ancient times, the daughter's son also had rights in the property.)
Consider the sentence: 'वह अपने नाना का प्रिय दौहित्र है।' Here, 'प्रिय' (favorite) modifies 'दौहित्र'. If you were referring to multiple grandsons, you would say 'वे अपने नाना के प्रिय दौहित्र हैं।' Notice how the possessive 'का' changes to 'के' and 'है' changes to 'हैं' for plural agreement. Mastering these shifts is essential for natural-sounding Hindi. Using 'दौहित्र' in your writing projects, especially those involving biography or family history, will significantly enhance the sophistication of your prose.
While you might not hear दौहित्र (Dauhitra) at a vegetable market or in a casual chat over tea, it is very much alive in specific spheres of Indian life. The primary domain is Formal Literature and Mythology. If you watch historical dramas on Indian television or read Hindi translations of the Puranas, 'दौहित्र' is the standard term used to describe the lineage of princes and gods. It carries an aura of antiquity and respect that 'नाती' lacks.
- Legal and Formal Documents
- In the legal system, particularly regarding the 'Hindu Succession Act', technical terms like 'दौहित्र' are used to clarify the degree of relationship. When a lawyer or a government official discusses the distribution of an estate, they use these precise terms to ensure there is no legal ambiguity between maternal and paternal descendants.
- Genealogy and Invitations
- In traditional wedding invitations (Patrika), family trees are often printed to introduce the bride and groom's lineage. You will see 'दौहित्र' used to list the grandchildren of prominent elders. It is a way of honoring the family's Sanskrit heritage.
निमंत्रण पत्र में लिखा था: 'श्री शर्मा जी के दौहित्र का विवाह सम्पन्न होगा।' (The invitation card read: 'The marriage of Mr. Sharma's daughter's son will be solemnized.')
Another place you will hear this is in Religious Discourses (Pravachans). Spiritual leaders often recount stories of ancestors and their descendants. They prefer 'दौहित्र' because it aligns with the linguistic register of the scriptures they are interpreting. For a Hindi learner, hearing this word is a signal that the conversation has moved from the mundane to the formal or spiritual.
इतिहासकार ने राजा के दौहित्र की वीरता के बारे में बताया। (The historian spoke about the bravery of the King's daughter's son.)
In summary, 'दौहित्र' is a word of the 'intellectual' and 'ceremonial' Hindi. While you might use 'नाती' with your friends, using 'दौहित्र' in a speech or a formal essay will mark you as a sophisticated speaker who understands the nuances of Indian kinship and linguistic history. It is a bridge to the classical soul of the Hindi language.
The most frequent mistake learners make with दौहित्र (Dauhitra) is confusing it with पोता (Pota). In English, both are 'grandson', but in Hindi, they are entirely different branches of the family tree. Using 'पोता' to describe a daughter's son is factually incorrect in a Hindi cultural context and can lead to confusion about which side of the family you are discussing.
- Confusion with Paternal Lineage
- Mistake: Calling your daughter's son 'मेरा पोता' (My son's son). Correct: 'मेरा दौहित्र' or 'मेरा नाती'. Remember: Pota = Son's son; Dauhitra = Daughter's son.
- Gender Mismatch
- Another common error is using 'दौहित्र' for a granddaughter. Since 'दौहित्र' ends in a consonant (specifically the 'a' sound in Sanskrit-derived words), some learners might mistake it for a neutral term. However, it is strictly masculine. The feminine is 'दौहित्री' (Dauhitri).
गलत: वह मेरी दौहित्र है। (Wrong: She is my daughter's son.)
सही: वह मेरी दौहित्री है। (Right: She is my daughter's daughter.)
Learners also struggle with the pronunciation, particularly the diphthong 'au' (औ). It should sound like the 'ou' in 'thought' or 'bought', not like 'o' in 'boat'. Mispronouncing it as 'Dohitra' makes the word sound incorrect and hard to recognize for native speakers. Furthermore, remember that 'दौहित्र' is a formal term. Using it in a very casual, slang-heavy conversation might sound slightly out of place or overly dramatic, like using the word 'progeny' instead of 'kids' in English.
सावधानी: 'नाती' (Nāti) का प्रयोग करते समय ध्यान रखें कि कुछ क्षेत्रों में यह शब्द पोते के लिए भी उपयोग होता है, लेकिन 'दौहित्र' हमेशा बेटी का ही बेटा होता है। (Caution: While 'Nati' is sometimes used loosely, 'Dauhitra' is always specifically the daughter's son.)
Lastly, ensure you don't confuse 'दौहित्र' with 'दोहित्र' (short 'o'). The spelling with the double matra (औ) is essential. Spelling errors in formal Hindi words are more noticeable because these words are typically used by those with a higher education level. Double-check your spelling in written assignments to maintain credibility.
In Hindi, kinship terms are a rich tapestry. To truly master the use of दौहित्र (Dauhitra), you must understand its position relative to other words for 'grandson'. The most immediate alternative is नाती (Nāti). While both refer to the daughter's son, 'नाती' is the 'Tadbhava' form—a word that has evolved through common usage—making it more natural for everyday conversation.
- दौहित्र vs. नाती
- 'दौहित्र' is formal, Sanskrit-based (Tatsama), and precise. 'नाती' is informal, common, and sometimes used broadly in certain dialects. In a formal speech, use 'दौहित्र'. At home, use 'नाती'.
- दौहित्र vs. पोता (Pota)
- This is the most critical distinction. 'पोता' is the son of your son. 'दौहित्र' is the son of your daughter. In many Indian cultures, the 'पोता' carries the family surname, while the 'दौहित्र' belongs to the son-in-law's lineage.
- दौहित्र vs. पौत्र (Pautra)
- Just as 'दौहित्र' is the formal version of 'नाती', 'पौत्र' is the formal, Sanskritized version of 'पोता'. If you are writing a formal document and need to refer to a son's son, use 'पौत्र'. If referring to a daughter's son, use 'दौहित्र'.
तालिका:
1. बेटी का बेटा = दौहित्र / नाती
2. बेटे का बेटा = पौत्र / पोता
Other related terms include नवासा (Nawasa), which is the Urdu equivalent of 'दौहित्र'. In Bollywood movies or Urdu poetry (Ghazals), you are more likely to hear 'नवासा' than 'दौहित्र'. Knowing all three (Dauhitra, Nati, Nawasa) allows you to navigate different cultural and linguistic landscapes within India. For example, in a Hindu religious ceremony, 'दौहित्र' is appropriate; in a Delhi market, 'नाती' works best; and in a Lucknowi cultural setting, 'नवासा' would be highly appreciated.
साहित्यिक उदाहरण: 'राजा दशरथ के दौहित्रों का वर्णन रामायण में मिलता है।' (The description of King Dasharatha's daughter's sons is found in the Ramayana.)
Understanding these synonyms helps you appreciate the precision of Hindi. By choosing 'दौहित्र', you are not just identifying a relative; you are signaling your educational background and your respect for the classical roots of the language. It is a powerful tool for any B1 learner looking to reach higher levels of fluency.
Exemplos por nível
यह मेरी बेटी का बेटा है।
This is my daughter's son.
A1 students use 'Beti ka beta' instead of 'Dauhitra'.
नाना और उनका नाती खेल रहे हैं।
Grandfather and his grandson are playing.
'Nati' is the common version of 'Dauhitra'.
मेरा एक पोता है।
I have one grandson (son's son).
Contrast 'Pota' with 'Dauhitra'.
वह छोटा बच्चा कौन है?
Who is that small child?
Basic question structure.
वह मेरी बेटी का प्यारा बेटा है।
He is my daughter's lovely son.
Using adjectives with family terms.
मेरे नानाजी बहुत अच्छे हैं।
My maternal grandfather is very good.
Focusing on the 'Nana' relationship.
मैं अपने नाती से प्यार करता हूँ।
I love my grandson.
Using the postposition 'se' with 'pyar'.
बच्चा अपनी नानी के घर गया।
The child went to his maternal grandmother's house.
Showing the maternal connection.
वह अपने नाना का दौहित्र है।
He is the daughter's son of his maternal grandfather.
Introducing 'Dauhitra' in a simple sentence.
मेरे नानाजी के दो दौहित्र हैं।
My maternal grandfather has two daughter's sons.
Plural form 'Dauhitra' remains same in direct case.
दौहित्र अपने नाना के घर छुट्टियाँ बिताता है।
The grandson spends holidays at his maternal grandfather's house.
Standard A2 sentence structure.
क्या आप अपने दौहित्र से मिले हैं?
Have you met your daughter's son?
Present perfect tense question.
उसका दौहित्र बहुत बुद्धिमान है।
His daughter's son is very intelligent.
Using possessive 'uska'.
नानी अपने दौहित्र के लिए मिठाई लाईं।
The maternal grandmother brought sweets for her daughter's son.
Using 'ke liye' (for).
मेरा दौहित्र अब स्कूल जाता है।
My daughter's son now goes to school.
Simple present habitual.
यह पत्र मेरे दौहित्र ने लिखा है।
This letter was written by my daughter's son.
Passive-style structure with 'ne'.
प्राचीन कथाओं में दौहित्र का विशेष स्थान होता है।
The daughter's son has a special place in ancient stories.
Using 'Dauhitra' in a cultural context.
उन्होंने अपने दौहित्र को विरासत में अपनी घड़ी दी।
He gave his watch to his daughter's son in inheritance.
Using 'virasat' (inheritance).
दौहित्र और पौत्र में अंतर समझना आवश्यक है।
It is necessary to understand the difference between a daughter's son and a son's son.
Comparing formal kinship terms.
मेरे नानाजी अपने दौहित्र की सफलता पर गर्व करते हैं।
My maternal grandfather takes pride in his daughter's son's success.
Using 'garv karna' (to be proud).
शादी के कार्ड पर 'दौहित्र' शब्द का प्रयोग किया गया था।
The word 'Dauhitra' was used on the wedding card.
Formal register awareness.
वह अपने नाना का इकलौता दौहित्र होने के कारण बहुत लाड़ला है।
Being the only daughter's son of his maternal grandfather, he is very pampered.
Using 'hone ke karan' (because of being).
दौहित्रों को भी परिवार के समारोहों में आमंत्रित किया गया।
The daughter's sons were also invited to the family functions.
Oblique plural 'Dauhitron'.
साहित्य में दौहित्र शब्द का प्रयोग गरिमापूर्ण माना जाता है।
In literature, the use of the word 'Dauhitra' is considered dignified.
Abstract noun usage.
कानूनी दस्तावेजों में 'दौहित्र' शब्द स्पष्टता प्रदान करता है।
In legal documents, the word 'Dauhitra' provides clarity.
Technical usage in law.
राजा ने अपने दौहित्र को अपना उत्तराधिकारी नियुक्त किया।
The King appointed his daughter's son as his successor.
Formal vocabulary like 'uttaradhikari' (successor).
दौहित्र की शिक्षा का भार अक्सर नाना-नानी भी उठाते हैं।
The responsibility for the daughter's son's education is often borne by the maternal grandparents too.
Social observation sentence.
यह शब्द संस्कृत के 'दुहितृ' मूल से निकला है, जिसका अर्थ है पुत्री।
This word is derived from the Sanskrit root 'Duhitr', which means daughter.
Etymological explanation.
हालांकि 'नाती' अधिक प्रचलित है, 'दौहित्र' में एक शास्त्रीय आकर्षण है।
Although 'Nati' is more prevalent, 'Dauhitra' has a classical charm.
Using 'halanki' (although).
उनके दौहित्र ने विदेश में जाकर कुल का नाम रोशन किया।
Their daughter's son brought glory to the family name by going abroad.
Idiomatic expression 'naam roshan karna'.
पारिवारिक वंशावली में दौहित्रों का विवरण सावधानी से लिखा जाता है।
In family genealogies, the details of daughter's sons are written carefully.
Passive construction.
दौहित्र के प्रति नाना का प्रेम निस्वार्थ होता है।
A maternal grandfather's love for his daughter's son is selfless.
Using 'ke prati' (towards).
ऐतिहासिक परिप्रेक्ष्य में, दौहित्र का अधिकार विवाद का विषय रहा है।
In a historical perspective, the right of the daughter's son has been a subject of dispute.
Academic register.
लेखक ने अपने उपन्यास में दौहित्र के माध्यम से दो कुलों के मिलन को दर्शाया है।
The author has depicted the union of two clans through the daughter's son in his novel.
Literary analysis.
दौहित्र शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति भारतीय समाज की पितृसत्तात्मक संरचना को भी दर्शाती है।
The etymology of the word 'Dauhitra' also reflects the patriarchal structure of Indian society.
Sociolinguistic critique.
धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों में दौहित्र द्वारा किया गया तर्पण विशेष फलदायी माना जाता है।
In religious rituals, the 'Tarpan' (offering) performed by a daughter's son is considered particularly fruitful.
Religious context.
संस्कृत निष्ठ हिंदी में 'दौहित्र' का प्रयोग वक्ता की विद्वत्ता का परिचायक है।
In Sanskritized Hindi, the use of 'Dauhitra' is an indicator of the speaker's erudition.
Metalinguistic observation.
विरासत के कानूनों में दौहित्र को 'अग्नत' उत्तराधिकारियों से अलग श्रेणी में रखा गया है।
In inheritance laws, the daughter's son is placed in a different category from 'agnate' heirs.
Legal terminology.
काव्य में दौहित्र शब्द का प्रयोग लय और गंभीरता बनाए रखने के लिए किया जाता है।
In poetry, the word 'Dauhitra' is used to maintain rhythm and seriousness.
Stylistic commentary.
नाना-नाती के संबंध की प्रगाढ़ता को दौहित्र शब्द एक औपचारिक गरिमा प्रदान करता है।
The word 'Dauhitra' provides a formal dignity to the intensity of the maternal grandfather-grandson relationship.
Complex abstract sentence.
दौहित्र की अवधारणा मध्यकालीन भारतीय राजनीति में सत्ता हस्तांतरण का एक महत्वपूर्ण घटक थी।
The concept of the 'Dauhitra' was a crucial component of power transfer in medieval Indian politics.
Historical political analysis.
तुलनात्मक भाषाविज्ञान में 'दौहित्र' और 'नवासा' के प्रयोग के क्षेत्रों का विश्लेषण रोचक है।
In comparative linguistics, analyzing the spheres of usage for 'Dauhitra' and 'Nawasa' is interesting.
Linguistic research tone.
दौहित्र के अधिकारों का हनन कई बार महाकाव्यों में युद्ध का मूल कारण बना।
The violation of the rights of the daughter's son often became the root cause of war in epics.
Thematic epic analysis.
समकालीन विमर्श में, 'दौहित्र' जैसे शब्दों का सिमटता प्रयोग भाषाई सरलीकरण की ओर संकेत करता है।
In contemporary discourse, the shrinking use of words like 'Dauhitra' indicates linguistic simplification.
Philosophical linguistic critique.
दौहित्र की उपस्थिति नाना के गृहस्थ जीवन के पूर्णता की प्रतीक मानी जाती है।
The presence of a daughter's son is considered a symbol of the completion of a maternal grandfather's householder life.
Cultural symbolism.
विधिक संहिताओं में दौहित्र की स्थिति को स्पष्ट करने के लिए अनेक व्याख्याएं उपलब्ध हैं।
Numerous interpretations are available in legal codes to clarify the status of the daughter's son.
Legal scholarship.
दौहित्र मात्र एक संबंधी नहीं, अपितु दो भिन्न गोत्रों के मध्य एक सेतु है।
A daughter's son is not merely a relative, but a bridge between two different 'Gotras' (clans).
Metaphorical usage.
सांस्कृतिक नृविज्ञान के अनुसार, दौहित्र को दिया जाने वाला महत्व मातृपक्ष की महत्ता को रेखांकित करता है।
According to cultural anthropology, the importance given to the daughter's son underscores the significance of the maternal side.
Scientific/Academic register.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— To be a daughter's son. It defines one's identity in the maternal family.
दौहित्र होना सौभाग्य की बात है।
— The duties of a daughter's son. Refers to social or ritual obligations.
दौहित्र का कर्तव्य है कि वह नाना की सेवा करे।
— The lineage of the daughter's son. Used in genealogy.
उसने अपनी वंशावली में दौहित्र का नाम जोड़ा।
— The respect given to a daughter's son. He is often treated as a guest.
भारतीय संस्कृति में दौहित्र का बहुत सम्मान है।
— The legacy or inheritance of the daughter's son.
उसे अपने नाना से दौहित्र की विरासत मिली।
— The love shared with or for a daughter's son.
दौहित्र का प्रेम सबसे निराला होता है।
— The arrival of the daughter's son. Often used for visits.
दौहित्र के आगमन से घर चहक उठा।
— The memory of the daughter's son.
नानाजी अक्सर अपने दौहित्र की यादों में खो जाते हैं।
Expressões idiomáticas
— Refers to a place where one is pampered or treated with extra care, like a maternal grandfather's home.
यह कोई दौहित्र का घर नहीं है जहाँ तुम हुक्म चलाओ।
Informal/Sarcastic— To be someone's favorite or to have a special privilege due to maternal links.
Summary
The word 'दौहित्र' (Dauhitra) is your go-to term for describing a daughter's son in a formal or literary context. For example, 'वह राजा का दौहित्र है' (He is the King's daughter's son) sounds much more dignified than the casual 'Nati'.
- Dauhitra is a formal Hindi word meaning 'daughter's son'.
- It comes from the Sanskrit word for daughter, 'Duhitr'.
- It differs from 'Pota', which is a son's son.
- It is primarily used in literature, legal contexts, and formal invitations.
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आबाद
B1Habitado, próspero; povoado e florescente.
आँचल
B1A ponta do sari (símbolo da proteção materna).
आचरण
B1The way a person behaves; conduct.
आँगन
A2Um pátio interno sem teto no centro de uma casa. O aangan é o centro da vida doméstica indiana.
आंगन
A2Um pátio interno descoberto.
आग्रह करना
B1Solicitar ou insistir educadamente com alguém para fazer algo.
आज्ञा
B1Uma ordem ou permissão formal.
आज्ञा का पालन करना
B1Obedecer a ordens ou comandos.
आज्ञा मानना
A2Obedecer a um comando ou regra. (Ele obedeceu ao pai. / Ela deve obedecer às leis.)
आज्ञा पालन करना
B1Obedecer
