Irregular Past Tense Verbs (ment, jött, volt)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
These three verbs—'lenni' (to be), 'menni' (to go), and 'jönni' (to come)—don't follow standard past tense rules; you must memorize their unique stems.
- The verb 'lenni' becomes 'volt-' in the past tense (e.g., 'otthon voltam' - I was home).
- The verb 'menni' becomes 'ment-' in the past tense (e.g., 'boltba mentél' - you went to the shop).
- The verb 'jönni' becomes 'jött-' in the past tense (e.g., 'haza jöttünk' - we came home).
Past Tense Conjugation
| Person | Lenni (volt) | Menni (ment) | Jönni (jött) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Én
|
voltam
|
mentem
|
jöttem
|
|
Te
|
voltál
|
mentél
|
jöttél
|
|
Ő
|
volt
|
ment
|
jött
|
|
Mi
|
voltunk
|
mentünk
|
jöttünk
|
|
Ti
|
voltatok
|
mentetek
|
jöttetek
|
|
Ők
|
voltak
|
mentek
|
jöttek
|
Meanings
These verbs describe existence, movement away, and movement toward in the past. They are essential for narrating daily events.
Existence (volt)
To have existed or been in a location.
“Boldog voltam.”
“A könyv az asztalon volt.”
Departure (ment)
To have moved away from a location.
“Pestre mentem.”
“A barátom elment.”
Arrival (jött)
To have moved toward the speaker or a specific location.
“A vendég jött.”
“Későn jöttél.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + Suffix
|
Mentem
|
|
Negative
|
Nem + Stem + Suffix
|
Nem mentem
|
|
Question
|
Stem + Suffix + ?
|
Mentél?
|
|
3rd Pers Sing
|
Stem only
|
Ő volt
|
|
Plural
|
Stem + Suffix
|
Mentünk
|
|
Past Negation
|
Nem + Stem
|
Nem volt
|
Espectro de formalidade
Ott voltam. (General)
Ott voltam. (General)
Ott voltam. (General)
Ott voltam. (General)
The Big Three Past Tense
Existence
- volt was
Departure
- ment went
Arrival
- jött came
Exemplos por nível
Otthon voltam.
I was at home.
Boltba mentem.
I went to the shop.
Péter jött.
Peter came.
Nem voltam ott.
I wasn't there.
Tegnap moziban voltunk.
We were at the cinema yesterday.
Hová mentél tegnap?
Where did you go yesterday?
Későn jött haza.
He/she came home late.
Nem mentünk el.
We didn't go away.
A buli nagyon jó volt.
The party was very good.
Sajnos nem jött el a találkozóra.
Unfortunately, he didn't come to the meeting.
Hosszú útra mentünk.
We went on a long trip.
Mikor jöttetek vissza?
When did you come back?
A döntés nehéz volt, de szükséges.
The decision was difficult, but necessary.
A delegáció korán ment el.
The delegation left early.
Váratlanul jött a hír.
The news came unexpectedly.
Nem volt más választásunk.
We had no other choice.
Bár ott voltunk, nem vettük észre.
Although we were there, we didn't notice.
A folyamat, ahogy ment, lassú volt.
The process, as it went, was slow.
Mindenki eljött, aki számított.
Everyone who mattered came.
Nem volt kérdés, hogy elmegyünk.
There was no question that we would go.
Ami volt, elmúlt.
What was, has passed.
A sors úgy akarta, hogy elmenjen.
Fate willed that he should go.
Végül mindenki haza jött.
In the end, everyone came home.
Nem volt könnyű, de megérte.
It wasn't easy, but it was worth it.
Fácil de confundir
Learners mix up 'going' and 'coming'.
Mixing past and present.
Applying -t suffix to irregulars.
Erros comuns
voltott
volt
mentem-t
mentem
jöttem-t
jöttem
voltál-t
voltál
mentek (for 3rd sing)
ment
jött-tél
jöttél
mentettem
mentem
jöttött
jött
Padrões de frases
Tegnap ___ voltam.
Hová ___ tegnap?
Mikor ___ haza?
Nem ___ ott.
Real World Usage
Hol voltál?
Korábban ott voltam.
Hová ment a busz?
Jó volt a buli!
Mikor jött a futár?
Sajnos nem mentem el.
Memorize the stems
No suffix for 3rd person
Use with preverbs
Daily usage
Smart Tips
Use 'aztán' (then) to link these verbs.
Always use 'volt' for being somewhere.
The preverb comes before the verb.
Put the verb first for emphasis.
Pronúncia
Double consonants
Pronounce the 'tt' in 'jött' clearly.
Statement
Ott voltam. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember 'V-M-J': Volt, Ment, Jött. Think 'Very Much Joy' to remember the order.
Associação visual
Imagine a ghost (volt) leaving a house (ment) and a guest (jött) arriving at the door.
Rhyme
Volt, ment, jött, ez a három a szívünk fölött.
Story
Yesterday I WAS (voltam) at the park. I WENT (mentem) to the store. Then my friend CAME (jött) to visit.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 3 sentences about your yesterday using these verbs.
Notas culturais
These verbs are used constantly in casual conversation. Using them correctly is a sign of respect for the language.
These verbs are ancient Finno-Ugric roots that have resisted regularization for centuries.
Iniciadores de conversa
Hol voltál tegnap?
Hová mentél nyaralni?
Ki jött el a buliba?
Miért mentél el korán?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
Tegnap otthon ___ (lenni).
Hová ___ tegnap?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ő mentett.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I came home.
Answer starts with: Haz...
Menni
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Tegnap / bolt / mentem
Score: /8
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesTegnap otthon ___ (lenni).
Hová ___ tegnap?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ő mentett.
volt / tegnap / ott / én
I came home.
Menni
volt - ment - jött
Tegnap / bolt / mentem
Score: /8
Perguntas frequentes (8)
They are ancient roots that resisted the standard '-t' suffixation rule over centuries.
Yes, standard personal suffixes like '-am', '-ál', '-unk'.
Yes, 'elment' just adds a preverb meaning 'away'.
It's a historical feature of Hungarian past tense conjugation.
Yes, they are standard Hungarian.
You will be misunderstood. Memorization is key.
Yes, but these are the most frequent.
Use them in daily journals or texting.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
war/ging/kam
Hungarian uses suffixes for person, German uses different endings.
étais/allais/venais
Hungarian is agglutinative, French is analytic.
fui/fui/vine
Spanish conjugation is fusional.
ita/itta/kita
Japanese does not conjugate for person.
kuntu/dhahabtu/ji'tu
Arabic is Semitic, Hungarian is Uralic.
le
Chinese has no verb conjugation.
