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B1 verb #2,000 mais comum 6 min de leitura

結ぶ

musubu Top 2,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 結ぶ em 30 segundos

Explicação 結ぶ in your Level:

At the A1 level, the verb 結ぶ (musubu) is primarily introduced in the context of daily physical actions. Beginners learn this word to describe the simple act of tying things. The most common examples you will encounter are tying shoelaces (靴ひもを結ぶ) and tying hair (髪を結ぶ). It is taught as a Group 1 (Godan) verb, so learners practice its basic conjugations: 結びます (polite), 結んで (te-form), and 結ばない (negative). Understanding this word helps beginners navigate daily routines and instructions, such as being told to tie their shoes before going outside. While the abstract meanings are not yet introduced, mastering the physical concept of creating a knot lays the foundation for understanding its more complex uses later on. It is a highly visual and practical word at this stage.

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At the A2 level, the usage of 結ぶ expands slightly beyond personal daily actions to include broader physical connections. Learners begin to see it used in the context of transportation and geography. For instance, a train line or a bus route connecting two cities is described using 結ぶ (e.g., 東京と大阪を結ぶバス - a bus connecting Tokyo and Osaka). This introduces the concept of 結ぶ as a link between two distinct points, not just a physical knot. Additionally, learners might encounter it in slightly more complex daily tasks, such as tying a package or a ribbon (リボンを結ぶ). The grammar structures become more varied, often using the te-form to connect sentences (結んで、出かけました - tied it and went out). This level bridges the gap between simple physical actions and spatial relationships.

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At the B1 level, 結ぶ takes on a crucial abstract meaning that is essential for intermediate communication. The focus shifts to forming relationships, agreements, and contracts. You will frequently encounter phrases like 契約を結ぶ (to sign a contract), 関係を結ぶ (to form a relationship), and 条約を結ぶ (to sign a treaty). This is a significant leap from physical tying to conceptual binding. It is heavily used in news, business contexts, and formal discussions. Furthermore, idiomatic expressions begin to appear, most notably 実を結ぶ (to bear fruit / to yield results), which is used to describe the success of hard work. At this level, learners must be comfortable recognizing the context to determine whether 結ぶ means a physical knot, a transportation link, or a formal agreement.

At the B2 level, learners are expected to understand and use 結ぶ in highly nuanced and varied contexts. The abstract meanings become more sophisticated, appearing in literary, academic, and professional discourse. You will see it used for alliances (同盟を結ぶ) and deep emotional or fateful connections (縁を結ぶ). The passive form 結ばれる (to be united/tied together) is frequently used in contexts of marriage or destiny. Additionally, physical uses take on a metaphorical tone, such as 口を固く結ぶ (to keep one's mouth tightly shut), indicating determination, silence, or stubbornness. Learners at this level should effortlessly distinguish between 結ぶ, つなぐ, and 縛る, understanding the subtle implications of 'forming a bond' versus 'linking' or 'restricting'. It is a key word for expressing complex social and emotional dynamics.

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At the C1 level, 結ぶ is utilized with full mastery of its idiomatic, literary, and formal nuances. Advanced learners encounter it in complex texts, editorials, and historical contexts. Expressions like 契りを結ぶ (to make a pledge/vow) or 結びの言葉 (concluding remarks) become familiar. The word is deeply integrated into Japanese cultural concepts of connection and conclusion. For example, in traditional arts or ceremonies, the way a knot is tied (結び方) carries specific meanings, and the verb reflects this cultural depth. Furthermore, it is used to describe the conclusion of events or narratives (物語を結ぶ). At this stage, learners not only understand the meaning but also appreciate the aesthetic and cultural weight of the word, using it to elevate their spoken and written Japanese to a near-native level of sophistication.

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At the C2 level, the comprehension of 結ぶ is absolute, encompassing archaic, highly specialized, and deeply poetic uses. It is understood not just as a vocabulary item, but as a conceptual pillar in the Japanese language representing unity, conclusion, and creation. You will encounter it in classical literature, religious contexts (such as Shinto concepts of Musubi, the spirit of creation and harmony), and highly stylized modern prose. The nuances of phrases like 唇を結ぶ (to purse one's lips) or 夢を結ぶ (to weave/form a dream) are intuitively grasped. The user can manipulate the word effortlessly across all registers, from the most mundane physical act to the most profound philosophical or diplomatic discourse, demonstrating a profound understanding of Japanese linguistic and cultural heritage.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

結ぶ em 30 segundos

To tie or knot (shoelaces, hair, string).
To connect or link (two cities, points).
To form or conclude (contracts, relationships).
To bear fruit or yield results (efforts).

The Japanese verb 結ぶ (musubu) is a highly versatile and essential word that bridges the physical and abstract worlds. At its core, it means to tie, bind, or connect things together. Physically, it refers to the action of taking two ends of a string, rope, or thread and fastening them, such as tying shoelaces or binding hair. Abstractly, it extends to connecting two distinct points, such as a train line connecting two cities, or forging a bond between people, organizations, or nations. Furthermore, it carries the meaning of concluding or bringing something to fruition, such as signing a contract, concluding a letter, or a plant bearing fruit. Understanding the multifaceted nature of 結ぶ is crucial for mastering Japanese at the B1 level and beyond, as it frequently appears in both daily conversation and formal contexts.

Physical Tying: The most fundamental use of 結ぶ involves physically tying or knotting items together, such as shoelaces, neckties, or hair. This action implies securing something in place.

Connecting Points: It is used to describe a link or route between two geographical locations. For example, a highway or a flight path that connects Tokyo and Osaka.

Forming Relationships: In a social or business context, it means to establish a connection, such as signing a contract, forming an alliance, or building a strong personal relationship.

靴ひもを結ぶ。

髪を結ぶ。

契約を結ぶ。

二つの都市を結ぶ鉄道。

努力が実を結ぶ。

Using 結ぶ correctly depends heavily on the context and the nouns it interacts with. As a Group 1 (Godan) verb, it conjugates regularly: 結びます (musubimasu) in the polite form, 結んで (musunde) in the te-form, and 結ばない (musubanai) in the negative form. In everyday situations, you will use it with physical objects: 紐を結ぶ (tie a string), リボンを結ぶ (tie a ribbon). In professional or formal contexts, it pairs with abstract nouns: 条約を結ぶ (sign a treaty), 協定を結ぶ (make an agreement). It is also used to describe transportation networks: 島と島を結ぶ橋 (a bridge connecting islands). Furthermore, it appears in literary or emotional contexts, such as 縁を結ぶ (to form a fateful connection) or 口を結ぶ (to keep one's mouth tightly shut, indicating determination or silence). Mastering these collocations will significantly enhance your natural expression in Japanese.

Daily Life Usage: Use it for everyday actions like tying your shoes before going out, or tying up your hair when it gets hot.

Business Usage: Essential for discussing contracts, partnerships, and agreements between companies or individuals.

Idiomatic Usage: Used in expressions like 'bearing fruit' (実を結ぶ) to describe the successful outcome of sustained effort.

リボンを綺麗に結ぶ。

新しいビジネスパートナーと契約を結んだ。

長年の研究がようやく実を結んだ。

東京とロンドンを結ぶ直行便。

彼は固く口を結んで何も言わなかった。

You will encounter 結ぶ in a wide variety of settings, reflecting its broad range of meanings. In casual settings, you'll hear it in households, gyms, or schools when people talk about tying shoelaces, hair, or aprons. In news broadcasts and business environments, it is frequently used to report on companies signing contracts, countries forming treaties, or the construction of new infrastructure connecting regions. In literature, anime, and dramas, it often appears in a more romantic or dramatic sense, such as 縁を結ぶ (forming a bond of fate) or describing someone's resolute expression with 口を結ぶ (tightly closed lips). Additionally, in sports or competitive contexts, you might hear about efforts 'bearing fruit' (実を結ぶ) after a long period of training. This ubiquity makes it a high-frequency word that learners must be comfortable recognizing across different registers and mediums.

News & Media: Frequently heard in reports about international relations, business mergers, and new transportation routes.

Everyday Conversation: Commonly used when getting dressed, doing chores, or preparing packages that need to be tied.

Literature & Drama: Used to describe deep emotional connections, fate, or physical expressions of determination.

両国は平和条約を結んだ。

荷物の紐をしっかり結んでください。

彼らは強い絆で結ばれている。

この道路は村と町を結んでいます。

彼女は決意を込めて口を結んだ。

Learners often confuse 結ぶ with other verbs that involve connecting, attaching, or closing. A common mistake is using 結ぶ when つなぐ (tsunagu) is more appropriate. While both mean 'to connect', つなぐ is used for linking things in a line or holding hands (手をつなぐ), whereas 結ぶ implies a knot, a contract, or connecting two distant points with a route. Another confusion arises with 締める (shimeru), which means to tighten or fasten. You can say ネクタイを結ぶ (tie a tie) or ネクタイを締める (fasten a tie), but you cannot say シートベルトを結ぶ (tie a seatbelt); it must be シートベルトを締める. Additionally, learners might misuse the idiom 実を結ぶ by trying to translate 'bear fruit' literally with other verbs. Understanding the specific collocations and the nuance of 'creating a knot or formal bond' will help you avoid these common pitfalls.

結ぶ vs つなぐ: Use つなぐ for holding hands or plugging in cables. Use 結ぶ for tying knots, signing contracts, or transportation routes.

結ぶ vs 締める: 締める implies tightening or fastening (seatbelts, screws). 結ぶ implies creating a knot (shoelaces, ribbons).

Idiomatic Errors: Do not use physical verbs for abstract concepts unless it's a set phrase. 'Sign a contract' is always 契約を結ぶ, never 契約を書く (write a contract) in a formal sense.

❌ 手を結ぶ (Incorrect for holding hands) -> ⭕ 手をつなぐ。

❌ シートベルトを結ぶ -> ⭕ シートベルトを締める。

⭕ 契約を結ぶ。

⭕ 靴ひもを結ぶ。

⭕ 努力が実を結ぶ。

Several words in Japanese share meanings related to connecting, tying, or fastening, and distinguishing them from 結ぶ is key to natural fluency. つなぐ (tsunagu) means to connect or link, often used for continuous lines, holding hands, or connecting phone calls. 縛る (shibaru) means to tie up or bind tightly, often implying restriction, such as tying up old newspapers or binding someone's hands. 締める (shimeru) means to tighten, fasten, or shut, used for seatbelts, ties, or closing doors tightly. 繋がる (tsunagaru) is the intransitive form of つなぐ, meaning 'to be connected'. くっつける (kuttsukeru) means to attach or stick things together. While 結ぶ focuses on the creation of a knot, a formal agreement, or a route between two points, these synonyms cover the nuances of restricting, linking in a chain, or physical adhesion. Comparing these will refine your vocabulary.

つなぐ (Tsunagu): To connect, link, or join. Used for holding hands (手をつなぐ) or connecting to the internet (ネットにつなぐ).

縛る (Shibaru): To tie up, bind, or restrict. Used for tying up trash or restricting someone's freedom (ルールに縛られる).

締める (Shimeru): To tighten or fasten. Used for seatbelts, screws, or firmly closing something.

紐を結ぶ。(Tie a string - make a knot)

古新聞を縛る。(Tie up old newspapers - restrict them)

パソコンをテレビにつなぐ。(Connect PC to TV)

シートベルトを締める。(Fasten a seatbelt)

契約を結ぶ。(Sign a contract - form a bond)

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Te-form for sequential actions (結んで、出かける)

Passive form for states (結ばれている)

Nominalization (結ぶこと)

Conditional (結ぶと)

Volitional (結ぼう)

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Exemplos por nível

靴のひもを結びます。

I tie my shoelaces.

Verb in polite form (masu).

髪を結んでください。

Please tie your hair.

Te-form + kudasai for a request.

リボンを結ぶ。

To tie a ribbon.

Dictionary form.

ひもを結びました。

I tied the string.

Past polite form.

ここで結んで。

Tie it here.

Te-form used as a casual command.

うまく結べない。

I can't tie it well.

Potential negative form.

ネクタイを結ぶ。

To tie a necktie.

Dictionary form with object.

糸を結びます。

I tie the thread.

Polite form.

東京と大阪を結ぶバス。

A bus connecting Tokyo and Osaka.

Modifying a noun (bus).

二つの町を結ぶ道。

A road connecting the two towns.

Dictionary form modifying a noun.

島と島を橋で結ぶ。

To connect islands with a bridge.

Using particle 'de' for means.

点と点を結んでください。

Please connect the dots.

Te-form + kudasai.

荷物をひもで結ぶ。

To tie a package with a string.

Using 'de' for tool.

線で結びましょう。

Let's connect them with a line.

Volitional form (mashou).

駅と空港を結ぶ電車。

A train connecting the station and the airport.

Noun modification.

手紙の最後を結ぶ。

To conclude the end of a letter.

Used to mean 'conclude'.

新しい会社と契約を結ぶ。

To sign a contract with a new company.

Common business collocation.

彼の努力が実を結んだ。

His efforts bore fruit.

Idiom: mi o musubu.

二国間で条約を結んだ。

A treaty was signed between the two countries.

Past tense, formal context.

良い関係を結ぶことが大切です。

It is important to build a good relationship.

Nominalization with 'koto'.

同盟を結ぶことに同意した。

They agreed to form an alliance.

Verb + koto ni doui suru.

二人はついに結ばれた。

The two were finally united (in marriage).

Passive form (musubareru).

口を固く結んで聞いていた。

He listened with his mouth tightly shut.

Te-form for simultaneous action.

交渉が実を結ぶことを願う。

I hope the negotiations bear fruit.

Idiom + koto o negau.

長年の研究がようやく実を結びました。

Years of research have finally borne fruit.

Polite past of the idiom.

両社は業務提携を結ぶと発表した。

The two companies announced they will form a business alliance.

Quotation particle 'to'.

彼らは強い絆で結ばれている。

They are bound by a strong bond.

Passive continuous state (te-iru).

スピーチを感謝の言葉で結んだ。

He concluded the speech with words of gratitude.

Used to mean 'conclude/wrap up'.

運命の糸で結ばれていた。

They were tied by the thread of fate.

Metaphorical passive usage.

唇をぎゅっと結んで涙をこらえた。

She pursed her lips tightly and held back her tears.

Adverb 'gyutto' + te-form.

平和協定を結ぶための会議。

A meeting to sign a peace agreement.

Tame ni (for the purpose of).

点と点を結ぶと星座になる。

If you connect the dots, it becomes a constellation.

Conditional 'to'.

二国は不可侵条約を結んだ。

The two nations signed a non-aggression pact.

Advanced vocabulary (fukashin jouyaku).

不思議な縁を結ぶことになった。

We ended up forming a mysterious connection.

En o musubu (form a connection/fate).

手紙は「敬具」という言葉で結ばれる。

Letters are concluded with the word 'Keigu' (Sincerely).

Passive used for general rules.

彼らの努力がようやく結実し、実を結んだ。

Their efforts finally materialized and bore fruit.

Redundant emphasis for literary effect.

固い契りを結んだ仲だ。

We have a relationship bound by a firm pledge.

Chigiri o musubu (make a vow).

太平洋を結ぶ巨大な通信ケーブル。

A massive communication cable connecting the Pacific.

Modifying a complex noun phrase.

口を真一文字に結んで耐えた。

He endured it with his lips pressed into a straight line.

Idiomatic expression for a straight mouth.

この章を結ぶにあたり、一言述べたい。

In concluding this chapter, I would like to say a word.

Ni atari (upon doing/at the time of).

神前で夫婦の契りを結ぶ。

To make marriage vows before the gods.

Highly formal/ritual context.

万感の思いを込めて筆を結んだ。

I concluded my writing with a flood of emotions.

Fude o musubu (conclude writing).

天地を結ぶ架け橋となる。

To become a bridge connecting heaven and earth.

Poetic/spiritual usage.

長きにわたる交渉が遂に結実の時を迎えた。

The lengthy negotiations have finally reached the time of bearing fruit.

Using the noun form 'ketsujitsu'.

沈黙を守り、ただ口を固く結んでいた。

He maintained his silence, merely keeping his mouth tightly shut.

Literary description of demeanor.

過去と未来を結ぶ結節点。

The nodal point connecting the past and the future.

Academic/philosophical context.

水引を結ぶ所作には深い意味がある。

There is deep meaning in the movements of tying mizuhiki.

Cultural/traditional context.

両家の縁が結ばれる吉日。

An auspicious day when the fate of the two families is united.

Formal phrasing for weddings.

Colocações comuns

契約を結ぶ

靴ひもを結ぶ

実を結ぶ

関係を結ぶ

条約を結ぶ

口を結ぶ

髪を結ぶ

縁を結ぶ

手を結ぶ

点と点を結ぶ

Frases Comuns

実を結ぶ

口を固く結ぶ

縁を結ぶ

手を結ぶ

契約を結ぶ

条約を結ぶ

靴ひもを結ぶ

髪を結ぶ

リボンを結ぶ

点と点を結ぶ

Frequentemente confundido com

結ぶ vs つなぐ

結ぶ vs 縛る

結ぶ vs 締める

Expressões idiomáticas

"実を結ぶ"

"口を真一文字に結ぶ"

"縁を結ぶ"

"手を結ぶ"

"契りを結ぶ"

"夢を結ぶ"

"心を結ぶ"

"思いを結ぶ"

"言葉を結ぶ"

"結びの言葉"

Fácil de confundir

結ぶ vs

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

note

While 結ぶ is versatile, ensure you don't use it for simply plugging in electronics (use つなぐ) or tightening screws (use 締める).

Erros comuns

Using 結ぶ instead of つなぐ for holding hands (手をつなぐ is correct).
Using 結ぶ instead of 締める for seatbelts or neckties (though ネクタイを結ぶ is acceptable, 締める is often better for fastening).
Trying to literally translate 'sign a contract' as 契約を書く instead of 契約を結ぶ.
Confusing the kanji 結 with 続 (continue) due to the same thread radical.
Using 縛る (to tie up/restrict) when you mean to simply tie a knot (結ぶ).

Dicas

Particle Usage

Always use the particle を for the thing being tied (靴ひもを結ぶ). Use と for the entity you are making an agreement with (会社と契約を結ぶ).

Idiom Mastery

Memorize 実を結ぶ (mi o musubu) as a single vocabulary item. It is extremely common in B1/B2 reading and listening tests.

Pitch Accent

結ぶ is a Heiban (flat) word. It starts low on 'mu' and goes high on 'su' and 'bu', staying high for following particles.

O-musubi

The word for rice ball, おむすび (omusubi), comes from this verb. It reflects the action of pressing and forming the rice with your hands.

Kanji Practice

The kanji 結 consists of the thread radical (糸) and lucky/good (吉). Think of tying a thread for good luck!

Casual Requests

In daily life, just saying 結んで (musunde) is the most natural way to ask a family member or friend to tie something for you.

News Context

When listening to the news, if you hear 'A国とB国が...', expect words like 条約 (treaty) followed by 結んだ.

Mouth Expressions

口を結ぶ shows a tight, straight-lined mouth. It's a great descriptive phrase for creative writing in Japanese.

Holding Hands

Never say 彼女と手を結んだ to mean you held hands on a date. It sounds like you formed a corporate alliance with her! Use 手をつないだ.

Letter Endings

In formal letters, the final greeting is called 結びの言葉 (musubi no kotoba), the words that 'tie up' or conclude the message.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine you MUST (musu) BOO (bu) the ghost by TYING it up with a rope.

Origem da palavra

Native Japanese (Wago)

Contexto cultural

Musubi (結び)

Beyond a physical knot, Musubi is a Shinto concept representing the power of creation, harmony, and the binding together of people and spirits.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"最近、何か新しい契約を結びましたか？ (Have you signed any new contracts recently?)"

"努力が実を結んだ経験はありますか？ (Do you have an experience where your efforts bore fruit?)"

"毎朝、靴ひもを結ぶのに時間がかかりますか？ (Does it take you time to tie your shoelaces every morning?)"

"髪を結ぶのが得意ですか？ (Are you good at tying hair?)"

"東京とあなたの町を結ぶ交通機関は何ですか？ (What transportation connects Tokyo and your town?)"

Temas para diário

あなたの努力が実を結んだ時のことを書いてください。(Write about a time your efforts bore fruit.)

誰かと強い絆を結んだ経験について教えてください。(Tell about an experience where you formed a strong bond with someone.)

毎日必ず「結ぶ」ものは何ですか？(What is something you definitely 'tie' every day?)

将来、どんな会社と契約を結びたいですか？(What kind of company do you want to sign a contract with in the future?)

二つの異なるものを結びつけるアイデアを考えてください。(Think of an idea that connects two different things.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, you should use つなぐ (tsunagu) or 接続する (setsuzoku suru) for connecting to the internet. 結ぶ is for physical knots, geographical routes, or formal contracts.

結ぶ focuses on creating a knot or a connection (like a shoelace or a bond). 縛る (shibaru) focuses on restricting movement or tying something up tightly, like tying up old newspapers or a prisoner.

The idiom is 実を結ぶ (mi o musubu). It is used exactly like 'bear fruit' in English, meaning that hard work or effort has produced good results.

Yes, but only in specific phrases like 口を結ぶ (kuchi o musubu), which means to close one's mouth tightly, often showing determination or refusal to speak.

結ぶ is a transitive verb (他動詞), meaning it takes a direct object with the particle を (e.g., ひもを結ぶ). The passive form 結ばれる is often used to describe the state of being connected.

Yes, the passive form 結ばれる (musubareru) is a beautiful and poetic way to say two people were united in marriage or bound by fate.

手を結ぶ (te o musubu) means to join hands in a partnership, alliance, or cooperation. If you mean physically holding hands while walking, use 手をつなぐ (te o tsunagu).

It is a Group 1 (Godan) verb. Polite: 結びます (musubimasu). Te-form: 結んで (musunde). Negative: 結ばない (musubanai). Past: 結んだ (musunda).

The noun form is 結び (musubi). It means a knot, an ending, or a conclusion. For example, おむすび (omusubi) is a rice ball, literally meaning rice that has been pressed/tied together.

No, for seatbelts, you must use 締める (shimeru), which means to fasten or tighten. シートベルトを締める is the correct phrase.

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Teste-se 180 perguntas

writing

Translate: I tie my shoelaces.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

靴ひも (shoelaces) + を + 結ぶ (tie).