Passive Causatives
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The passive causative is used when an action is performed on an object by someone else, often implying a lack of direct control.
- Add -dır/-dir/-dur/-dür to the root to make it causative: 'yaz' (write) -> 'yazdır' (make someone write).
- Add the passive suffix -ıl/-il/-ul/-ül to the causative form: 'yazdır' -> 'yazdırıl' (to be caused to be written).
- The subject of the sentence is the person or thing affected by the action, not the one performing it.
Meanings
This structure combines the causative (making someone do something) and the passive (the action is done to the subject). It is used when the focus is on the object being acted upon by a third party.
Forced Action
When an action is imposed on an object by an external agent.
“Ev təmizlətdirildi.”
“Sənədlər imzalatdırıldı.”
Delegated Task
When a task is assigned to be completed by someone else.
“Paltarlar yudurduruldu.”
“Yemək bişirtdirildi.”
Passive Causative Formation
| Verb Root | Causative | Passive | Full Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| yaz | yazdır | yazdırıl | yazdırıldı |
| oxu | oxut | oxutul | oxutuldu |
| gör | gördür | gördürül | gördürüldü |
| aç | açdır | açdırıl | açdırıldı |
| yuy | yudurt | yudurtul | yudurtuldu |
| et | etdir | etdiril | etdirildi |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Root+dır+ıl+di | Yazdırıldı |
| Negative | Root+dır+ıl+ma+dı | Yazdırılmadı |
| Question | Root+dır+ıl+dı+mı | Yazdırıldımı? |
| Negative Question | Root+dır+ıl+ma+dı+mı | Yazdırılmadımı? |
| Past | Root+dır+ıl+dı | Yazdırıldı |
| Present | Root+dır+ıl+ır | Yazdırılır |
Formalitätsspektrum
Hesabat hazırlatdırıldı. (Office)
Hesabat hazırlandı. (Office)
Hesabatı elətdirdim. (Office)
Hesabatı həll elətdirdim. (Office)
Passive Causative Logic
Suffix 1
- -dır Causative
Suffix 2
- -ıl Passive
Examples by Level
Yemək bişirtdirildi.
The food was made to be cooked.
Ev təmizlətdirildi.
The house was made to be cleaned.
Məktub yazdırıldı.
The letter was made to be written.
Paltar yudurduruldu.
The clothes were made to be washed.
Sənədlər imzalatdırıldı.
The documents were made to be signed.
Maşın təmir etdirildi.
The car was made to be repaired.
Şəkil çəkdirildi.
The photo was made to be taken.
Qapı açdırıldı.
The door was made to be opened.
Layihə müdirə təsdiq etdirildi.
The project was made to be approved by the boss.
Bütün pəncərələr dəyişdirildi.
All windows were made to be changed.
Hesabatlar hazırlatdırıldı.
The reports were made to be prepared.
Məlumatlar yoxlatdırıldı.
The data was made to be checked.
Qərar rəsmi şəkildə elan etdirildi.
The decision was made to be announced officially.
Bina memar tərəfindən layihələndirildi.
The building was designed by the architect.
Müqavilə vəkillərə oxutduruldu.
The contract was made to be read by the lawyers.
İşçilərə təlim keçdirildi.
Training was made to be conducted for the employees.
Məsələnin həlli üçün ekspertlər cəlb etdirildi.
Experts were made to be involved for the solution of the issue.
Tədbir yüksək səviyyədə təşkil etdirildi.
The event was made to be organized at a high level.
Sənədləşmə prosesi sürətləndirildi.
The documentation process was accelerated.
Yeni qaydalar tətbiq etdirildi.
New rules were made to be implemented.
Arxiv materialları tədqiqatçılara təqdim etdirildi.
Archive materials were made to be presented to researchers.
Mətnin tərcüməsi peşəkar tərcüməçiyə etdirildi.
The translation of the text was made to be done by a professional.
İslahatlar xalqın maraqlarına uyğunlaşdırıldı.
Reforms were made to be adapted to the people's interests.
Məhkəmə qərarı icra etdirildi.
The court decision was made to be executed.
Easily Confused
Learners often use simple passive when they should use passive causative.
Learners confuse 'making someone do' with 'being made to do'.
Some reflexive verbs look like passive causative.
Häufige Fehler
Yazıldırdım
Yazdırdım
Yazdırdi
Yazdırıldı
Yazdırdı
Yazdırıldı
Etirildi
Etdirildi
Bişirildi
Bişirtdirildi
Təmizləndi
Təmizlətdirildi
Açıldırdı
Açdırıldı
İmzalandırıldı
İmzalatdırıldı
Yoxlanıldı
Yoxlatdırıldı
Göründürüldü
Gördürüldü
Təşkil olundu
Təşkil etdirildi
Sürətləndi
Sürətləndirildi
Tətbiq olundu
Tətbiq etdirildi
Sentence Patterns
___ ___ etdirildi.
___ ___ tərəfindən ___ etdirildi.
___ ___ etdirilmədi.
___ ___ etdirildimi?
Real World Usage
Maşın təmir etdirildi.
Hesabatlar hazırlatdırıldı.
Paltar tikdirildi.
Sənədlər imzalatdırıldı.
Ev təmir etdirildi!
Bina tikdirildi.
Check the root
Don't over-stack
Use in formal writing
Service context
Smart Tips
Use the passive causative to describe completed tasks.
Always use passive causative for services.
Use passive causative to focus on the task, not the person.
Use it for building or renovation.
Aussprache
Vowel Harmony
The suffixes change based on the last vowel of the root.
Falling
Yazdırıldı. ↓
Statement of fact.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of it as a 'Double-Decker' verb: 'dır' is the driver, 'ıl' is the passenger.
Visual Association
Imagine a king sitting on a throne. He doesn't write his own letters. He points at a scribe (causative) and the letter appears on the desk (passive).
Rhyme
Dır makes it happen, Il makes it done, passive causative is really quite fun!
Story
Ali wanted a new table. He didn't build it. He hired a carpenter. The table was made to be built by the carpenter. Ali just watched.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look at 3 things in your room and write a sentence about how they were 'had done' (e.g., 'The lamp was had bought').
Kulturelle Hinweise
Using the passive causative is a sign of professional distance and politeness in formal correspondence.
It is very common to use this when talking about any service (tailor, barber, mechanic).
It implies that the speaker is managing the household rather than doing all the manual labor.
The construction evolved from the agglutinative nature of Turkic languages, stacking suffixes to increase verb complexity.
Conversation Starters
Evdə nələri etdirmisən?
Sənədlər imzalatdırıldımı?
Maşın təmir etdirildimi?
Layihə təsdiq etdirildimi?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Ev təmizlə___di.
Find and fix the mistake:
Maşın təmir etdi.
Which is passive causative?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
The house was had cleaned.
Answer starts with: Ev ...
Oxu -> Passive Causative
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Passive causative uses -dır and -ıl.
Score: /8
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesEv təmizlə___di.
Find and fix the mistake:
Maşın təmir etdi.
Which is passive causative?
imzalatdırıldı / sənədlər / müdirə
The house was had cleaned.
Oxu -> Passive Causative
Yaz -> ?
Passive causative uses -dır and -ıl.
Score: /8
FAQ (8)
No, it is mostly for transitive verbs.
Because it combines causative and passive suffixes.
Yes, it is often used in professional settings.
The causative suffix often becomes -t.
Yes, add -ma before the suffixes.
Yes, especially when talking about services.
Passive causative implies an agent.
Yes, if you are the one having the action done to you.
In Other Languages
Hacer + infinitive
Azerbaijani is agglutinative, Spanish is analytical.
Faire + infinitive
Suffixes vs auxiliary verbs.
Lassen + infinitive
Auxiliary verb vs suffix.
Causative-passive (-saserareru)
Japanese suffixes are more complex.
Form IV/X verbs
Root modification vs suffixation.
使 (shǐ) / 让 (ràng)
Isolating vs agglutinative.
