Dinge vergleichen: Mehr und Weniger (더/덜)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use '더' for more and '덜' for less before descriptive adjectives to compare the intensity or quantity of things.
- Place 더 before an adjective to mean 'more': 더 예뻐요 (It is prettier).
- Place 덜 before an adjective to mean 'less': 덜 매워요 (It is less spicy).
- Use the particle -보다 after the object you are comparing against: 사과보다 더 커요 (It is bigger than an apple).
Overview
더 (mehr) gutaussehend ist als alle anderen?덜 (weniger) süß möchtest?더 und 덜 sind die Geheimzutaten, um Vorlieben auszudrücken und Beobachtungen zu machen.더. Dreh leiser mit 덜.덜 scharfem Essen und beschwer dich dann, dass es immer noch brennt. Das koreanische 'mild' ist eine Lüge.How This Grammar Works
더 und 덜 sind Adverbien, was bedeutet, dass sie es lieben, direkt vor Adjektiven zu stehen.더 예뻐요.덜 바빠요.-보다 (als) ins Spiel.더 ist eigentlich optional, wenn du -보다 benutzt, aber es macht dich nachdrücklicher.덜 ist weniger verbreitet als 더, weil Menschen lieber sagen, dass etwas 'mehr' von etwas anderem ist.덜 ist dein bester Freund, wenn du höflich über einen schlechten Film urteilst.덜 재미있었어요 (weniger interessant)'. Siehst du? Viel netter als 'er war langweilig'.
Formation Pattern
-이/가) oder Themen-Partikel (-은/는) an das Subjekt.
-보다 an das Ziel, mit dem du vergleichst.
더 (mehr) oder 덜 (weniger) direkt vor das Adjektiv.
-보다-Teil komplett weglassen.
이게 더 예뻐요. (Dieser ist schöner).
When To Use It
더 nerviger war.더 ruhig als Seoul beschreiben willst.더, um deine 'Glow Up'-Fotos zu zeigen: 작년보다 더 행복해요 (Ich bin glücklicher als letztes Jahr).덜 맵게 해주세요 (Bitte weniger scharf machen).
Common Mistakes
- 1
더/덜nach dem Adjektiv setzen.
예뻐요 더 ✗더 예뻐요 ✓- 1
더mit-보다in der falschen Reihenfolge nutzen.
사과보다 더 오렌지가 달아요. ✗오렌지가 사과보다 더 달아요.- 1
더(mehr) mit또(nochmal) verwechseln.
또 ist für Wiederholungen, 더 für den Grad der Steigerung.- 1
덜zu oft benutzen.
더 mit diesem. Statt 'weniger groß' sag einfach 'kleiner'.Contrast With Similar Patterns
더 vs. -보다
더 ist ein Adverb (mehr). -보다 ist eine Partikel (als).
Du kannst 더 alleine nutzen, aber -보다 nie.
더 vs. 가장 / 제일
더 vergleicht ZWEI Dinge (Komparativ).
가장 und 제일 vergleichen DREI oder mehr Dinge (Superlativ).
Quick FAQ
F: Kann ich 더 mit Verben nutzen?
Ja! 더 공부해 (Lern mehr).
F: Ist 더 formell?
Das Wort selbst ist neutral, die Höflichkeit kommt durch das Satzende.
F: Was ist, wenn ich 'ein bisschen mehr' sagen will?
Nutze 조금 더.
F: Ist 덜 unhöflich?
Nein, es ist ein toller Weg, eine negative Meinung abzumildern.
Comparative Structure Formation
| Target | Particle | Adverb | Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|
|
사과
|
보다
|
더
|
커요
|
|
어제
|
보다
|
덜
|
추워요
|
|
이것
|
보다
|
더
|
비싸요
|
|
그것
|
보다
|
덜
|
맛있어요
|
|
저것
|
보다
|
더
|
예뻐요
|
|
오늘
|
보다
|
덜
|
바빠요
|
Meanings
These adverbs modify adjectives to indicate a higher (더) or lower (덜) degree of a quality compared to a baseline.
Degree Comparison
Comparing the intensity of a quality.
“이게 더 좋아요.”
“어제보다 덜 추워요.”
Reference Table
| Grammatik | Bedeutung | Position | Beispiel |
|---|---|---|---|
|
더
|
Mehr
|
Vor dem Adjektiv
|
더 커요 (Größer)
|
|
덜
|
Weniger
|
Vor dem Adjektiv
|
덜 매워요 (Weniger scharf)
|
|
조금 더
|
Ein bisschen mehr
|
Vor dem Adjektiv
|
조금 더 비싸요 (Etwas teurer)
|
|
훨씬 더
|
Viel mehr
|
Vor dem Adjektiv
|
훨씬 더 좋아요 (Viel besser)
|
|
A-보다 B-가 더...
|
B ist ...-er als A
|
An A angehängt
|
겨울보다 여름이 더 좋아 (Ich mag Sommer lieber als Winter)
|
|
가장 / 제일
|
Am meisten
|
Vor dem Adjektiv
|
제일 예뻐요 (Am schönsten)
|
Formalitätsspektrum
이것이 저것보다 더 큽니다. (General comparison)
이게 저것보다 더 커요. (General comparison)
이게 저것보다 더 커. (General comparison)
이게 짱 커. (General comparison)
Vergleichs-Modifikatoren
Steigerung
- 더 Mehr
- 훨씬 더 Viel mehr
Minderung
- 덜 Weniger
- 조금 덜 Ein bisschen weniger
Mehr (더) vs. Weniger (덜)
Wie man einen Vergleichssatz baut
Vergleichst du A und B?
Ist es 'mehr' oder 'weniger'?
Häufige Adjektive mit 더/덜
Geschmack
- • 더 달아요
- • 덜 매워요
- • 더 짜요
Größe/Menge
- • 더 커요
- • 덜 많아요
- • 더 좁아요
Gefühle
- • 더 행복해요
- • 덜 슬퍼요
- • 더 피곤해요
Beispiele nach Niveau
이게 더 커요.
This is bigger.
이게 덜 매워요.
This is less spicy.
더 주세요.
Give me more.
이게 더 좋아요.
This is better.
사과보다 배가 더 맛있어요.
Pears are more delicious than apples.
어제보다 덜 추워요.
It is less cold than yesterday.
이 옷이 저 옷보다 더 예뻐요?
Is this dress prettier than that one?
이게 덜 비싸요.
This is less expensive.
그 영화는 생각보다 더 재미있었어요.
That movie was more interesting than I thought.
이 방법이 저 방법보다 덜 복잡해요.
This method is less complicated than that one.
한국어 공부가 처음보다 더 쉬워졌어요.
Studying Korean has become easier than at the beginning.
덜 익은 과일은 맛이 없어요.
Under-ripe fruit doesn't taste good.
이번 프로젝트는 지난번보다 더 체계적이에요.
This project is more systematic than the last one.
그는 예상보다 덜 공격적인 태도를 보였어요.
He showed a less aggressive attitude than expected.
더 이상은 참을 수 없어요.
I can't take it anymore.
이론보다 실습이 더 중요합니다.
Practice is more important than theory.
그의 주장은 논리보다 감정에 더 치우쳐 있습니다.
His argument is more biased toward emotion than logic.
상황이 덜 악화되도록 조치를 취해야 합니다.
We must take measures so the situation doesn't worsen further.
그는 더할 나위 없이 행복해 보였습니다.
He looked as happy as could be.
이 정책은 이전보다 덜 효과적인 것으로 판명되었습니다.
This policy has proven to be less effective than the previous one.
그의 문체는 예전보다 더 간결하고 힘이 있습니다.
His writing style is more concise and powerful than before.
덜 알려진 사실이지만, 그는 역사학자이기도 합니다.
It is a lesser-known fact, but he is also a historian.
더 이상의 논의는 무의미하다고 판단됩니다.
Further discussion is deemed meaningless.
그는 덜 비판적인 시각으로 사안을 바라보았습니다.
He viewed the matter with a less critical perspective.
Leicht verwechselbar
Learners mix up comparative (more) and superlative (most).
Learners mix up comparison of degree and equality.
Learners mix up 'less' and 'not'.
Häufige Fehler
더 커요 사과보다
사과보다 더 커요
사과가 커요 더
사과가 더 커요
사과보다 커요
사과보다 더 커요
더 사과보다 커요
사과보다 더 커요
덜 매워요 사과보다
사과보다 덜 매워요
사과 덜 매워요
사과보다 덜 매워요
사과보다 매워요 덜
사과보다 덜 매워요
생각보다 더 재미있었어요
생각보다 더 재미있었어요
이 방법이 덜 복잡해요 저 방법보다
이 방법이 저 방법보다 덜 복잡해요
한국어 공부가 더 쉬워졌어요 처음보다
한국어 공부가 처음보다 더 쉬워졌어요
그의 주장은 논리보다 감정에 치우쳐 있습니다 더
그의 주장은 논리보다 감정에 더 치우쳐 있습니다
상황이 악화되도록 덜 조치를 취해야 합니다
상황이 덜 악화되도록 조치를 취해야 합니다
Satzmuster
___보다 ___가 더 ___.
___보다 ___가 덜 ___.
생각보다 더 ___.
___는 ___보다 더 ___.
Real World Usage
덜 맵게 해주세요.
이게 저것보다 더 싸요.
어제보다 더 추워요.
더 예뻐졌어요!
이 방법이 더 효율적입니다.
여기가 저기보다 더 조용해요.
Die 'Als'-Regel
Verwechsle 더 nicht mit 또
Höflichkeit mit 덜
Smart Tips
Always identify the two items clearly.
Use 덜 to specify your preference.
Use 더 with verbs to show improvement.
Use 더 to emphasize your point.
Aussprache
Linking
When '보다' is followed by a vowel, the sound flows smoothly.
Question
더 커요? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of '더' as 'The' (more) and '덜' as 'Dull' (less).
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a scale. On the '더' side, the scale is heavy and full. On the '덜' side, the scale is light and empty.
Rhyme
더 is more, 덜 is less, use 보다 to express the rest!
Story
Min-su is at a market. He sees two watermelons. He says, 'This one is bigger (더 커요) than that one.' Then he tastes a grape. 'This is less sweet (덜 달아요) than the other one.' He is happy with his choices.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look at two objects in your room and write one sentence comparing them using '더' and one using '덜'.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Koreans often use '더' to encourage others, e.g., '더 드세요' (Please eat more).
In business, comparisons are used carefully to avoid sounding rude.
When comparing people, it's often better to avoid direct comparisons to maintain harmony.
더 and 덜 are native Korean adverbs that have been used since Middle Korean to indicate degree.
Gesprächseinstiege
어떤 음식이 더 좋아요?
오늘 날씨가 어제보다 더 추워요?
한국어가 영어보다 더 어려워요?
이 프로젝트가 저번보다 더 복잡한가요?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
이게 ___ 맛있어요.
Wähle den richtigen Satz:
Find and fix the mistake:
이 가방이 저 가방보다 비싸요 더.
Score: /3
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercises이 사과가 저 사과보다 ___ 커요.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
이게 저것 커요 더.
더 / 사과보다 / 커요 / 이게
This is less spicy.
Match: 1. 더 커요, 2. 덜 매워요
Use: 어제, 오늘, 춥다, 덜.
이 영화는 생각보다 ___ 재미있었어요.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises지하철이 버스보다 ___ 더 빨라요.
Das blaue Hemd ist schöner.
Bring die Wörter in die richtige Reihenfolge: 'Äpfel sind süßer als Trauben.'
Verbinde die Paare:
오늘은 바빠요 더.
Wähle den richtigen Satz für 'Hier ist es weniger voll.'
언니___ 제가 더 키가 커요.
Bitte geben Sie mir ein bisschen mehr.
Wähle den natürlichsten Satz:
매운 거 싫어해요. ___ 맵게 해주세요.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Yes, they work with almost all descriptive adjectives.
No, they are adverbs and do not change.
더 can be used with verbs (e.g., 더 먹어요), but 덜 is less common with verbs.
Use '가장' or '제일' instead of '더'.
It marks the point of comparison. Without it, the sentence is incomplete.
Yes, just use formal verb endings like -습니다.
No, '덜' means 'less', while '안' means 'not'.
No, this is a very consistent rule.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
más/menos que
Spanish places 'que' after the noun, similar to Korean's '-보다'.
plus/moins que
French requires agreement in gender/number for the adjective, which Korean does not.
mehr/weniger als
German often uses comparative suffixes like '-er' (e.g., größer), unlike Korean.
motto/yori
The word order is almost identical to Korean.
bǐ
The particle 'bǐ' comes before the adjective, not after the noun.
akthar/aqall min
Arabic uses a specific comparative form of the adjective itself.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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