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B1 noun 9 Min. Lesezeit

در معرض خطر

dar maraz-e khatar
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At the A1 level, you don't need to use this long phrase yet, but it is good to recognize the word 'khatar' (danger). Think of 'khatar' like a red light. When you see 'در معرض خطر' (dar ma'raz-e khatar), just think: 'Danger is near.' We use this when we talk about animals that are disappearing from the world. For example, if you see a picture of a panda, you might hear this phrase. It means the panda needs our help because it might not be here in the future. At this level, just remember that 'khatar' means danger and 'dar' means in. The middle word 'ma'raz' is like a window where danger can see you. So, you are in the window of danger. It's a very important phrase for talking about nature and animals. Don't worry about the grammar too much; just try to remember the sound: 'dar ma-raz-e kha-tar'.
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At the A2 level, you can start to use this phrase to talk about simple environmental topics. You know words like 'hayvān' (animal) and 'jangal' (forest). You can say 'In hayvān dar ma'raz-e khatar ast' (This animal is at risk). This phrase is better than just saying 'danger' because it shows you are talking about a serious problem. You can also use it for health. For example, 'Kudakān dar ma'raz-e khatar-e sarmā-khordegi hastand' (Children are at risk of catching a cold). The structure is simple: [Subject] + [Phrase] + [Verb]. It helps you sound more like a real Persian speaker when you talk about the news or the world around you. Remember the 'e' sound in 'ma'raz-e'. It connects the words together. If you forget it, the sentence sounds like broken pieces. Try to use it when you talk about your favorite animals in class.
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At the B1 level, you should use 'در معرض خطر' (dar ma'raz-e khatar) to discuss complex issues like climate change, conservation, and social vulnerability. This is the level where you move from simple descriptions to expressing concern about the world. You should be able to collocate it with 'engherāz' (extinction) or 'nābudi' (destruction). For instance, 'Gunehā-ye dar ma'raz-e khatar-e engherāz' (Species at risk of extinction). You should also notice how it is used with the verb 'gharār dāshtan' (to be situated) instead of just 'budan' (to be). This makes your Persian sound more formal and academic. You can use it to describe why certain buildings are 'at risk' due to earthquakes or why certain jobs are 'at risk' due to technology. It's a key phrase for the B1 speaking and writing exams because it shows you can handle abstract concepts and formal vocabulary. Practice linking it with 'be dalil-e' (because of) to explain the reasons for the risk.
At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'در معرض خطر' (dar ma'raz-e khatar) with precision and variety. You should understand the difference between this and 'āsib-pazir' (vulnerable). You might use it in a debate about the economy: 'Sarmāye-gozāri dar in bāzār, dārāyi-hā-ye shomā rā dar ma'raz-e khatar-e jeddi gharār midahad' (Investing in this market puts your assets at serious risk). Notice the use of 'gharār dādan' (to put/place) here, which is the active form. You should also be comfortable using adverbs like 'be sheddat' (severely) or 'be tore jeddi' (seriously) to modify the level of risk. Your sentences should be longer and include multiple clauses. For example: 'Ba tavajoh be taghyirāt-e eghlimi, many of the coastal cities are at risk of flooding within the next decade.' At this level, you aren't just using the phrase; you are using it to build a persuasive argument or a detailed report.
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At the C1 level, 'در معرض خطر' (dar ma'raz-e khatar) becomes a tool for nuanced analysis. You should be able to use it in academic papers, legal contexts, or high-level political discussions. You will encounter it in complex structures like 'dar ma'raz-e khatar gharār gereftan' (to find oneself at risk). You should also explore its metaphorical uses in literature or philosophy. For example, discussing how a culture's identity is 'at risk' due to globalization. You will notice it used in the passive voice or within complex relative clauses. Your vocabulary surrounding this phrase should be extensive, including words like 'mohatat' (cautious) or 'tahdid' (threat). You should be able to explain the socio-economic factors that place a population 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' and propose solutions using formal Persian. This phrase is no longer just about animals; it's about the systemic vulnerabilities of any complex system, from an ecosystem to a financial network.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'در معرض خطر' (dar ma'raz-e khatar) and can use it with the same subtlety as a native scholar or policy-maker. You understand its etymological roots in 'ma'raz' (the place of showing) and can use this to create powerful rhetorical effects. You can use it in highly formal speeches to highlight the existential risks facing humanity or the intricate vulnerabilities of the global order. You are comfortable with all its grammatical permutations and can pair it with rare and technical terms. You might use it to critique a policy: 'In ruykard, bonyād-hā-ye dموکراسی rā dar ma'raz-e khatar-e forupāshi-ye tadrigi gharār midahad' (This approach puts the foundations of democracy at risk of gradual collapse). At this level, you also recognize the phrase's use in classical-style modern prose, where it might be used to describe a soul at risk or a virtue in danger. Your usage is flawless, and you can switch between formal, academic, and literary registers with ease.
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در معرض خطر in 30 Sekunden

  • A formal Persian phrase meaning 'at risk' or 'vulnerable to danger'.
  • Primarily used for endangered species (extinction) and environmental issues.
  • Can also describe health, financial, or social vulnerabilities in formal contexts.
  • Commonly paired with the verbs 'hastan' (to be) or 'gharār dāshtan' (to be situated).

The Persian phrase در معرض خطر (dar ma'raz-e khatar) is a sophisticated and essential expression used to describe a state of vulnerability or exposure to potential harm, loss, or total disappearance. While it literally translates to 'in the place of exposure to danger,' its most common application in modern Persian—especially within the context of CEFR B1 and above—relates to environmental science, public health, and socio-economics. When we talk about wildlife, it specifically denotes species that are 'at risk of extinction.' Understanding this phrase requires a grasp of its constituent parts: 'dar' (in), 'ma'raz' (exposure/display/place of presentation), and 'khatar' (danger). The word 'ma'raz' is derived from the Arabic root 'araza,' which means to show or to present. Thus, being 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' implies that something is positioned in such a way that danger can easily find it or affect it. It is not just 'dangerous' (khatarnāk); rather, it is the *subject* that is receiving the threat. This distinction is crucial for learners who often confuse being the source of danger with being the victim of it.

Environmental Context
Used to describe flora and fauna whose populations have dwindled to critical levels. Example: 'The Asiatic Cheetah is at risk of extinction.'
Medical Context
Used for groups of people vulnerable to diseases. Example: 'Elderly people are at risk of this virus.'
Financial Context
Used for investments or economies that are unstable. Example: 'The national currency is at risk due to inflation.'

بسیاری از حیوانات جنگل‌های آمازون در معرض خطر انقراض هستند.

In daily Persian conversation, you might hear this phrase in news broadcasts (akhbār) or documentaries (mostanad). It carries a formal tone, making it perfect for academic writing or serious discussions. If you are discussing the Persian Leopard or the Urmia Lake, this phrase becomes indispensable. It signals to the listener that the situation is grave and requires immediate attention. Unlike the simple word 'khatar' (danger), 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' suggests a structural or environmental vulnerability that is often outside the immediate control of the subject. It is the classic way to translate 'vulnerable' or 'at risk' in a formal capacity.

کودکان بیشتر از بزرگسالان در معرض خطر آلودگی هوا قرار دارند.

Furthermore, the phrase is often followed by the verb 'gharār dāshtan' (to be located/to be situated) or 'gharār gereftan' (to be placed). This adds a layer of 'positioning' to the danger. You aren't just 'in danger'; you are 'situated in the path of danger.' This nuance is what makes Persian so poetic yet precise. When studying for the B1 level, mastering these compound prepositional phrases allows you to move away from simple sentences like 'Hivānāt miron' (Animals are dying) to 'Gunehā-ye jānevari dar ma'raz-e khatar-e engherāz hastand' (Animal species are at risk of extinction), which sounds much more native and educated.

این بنای تاریخی به دلیل رطوبت در معرض خطر تخریب است.

Using در معرض خطر correctly requires understanding its role as an adjectival phrase. It almost always follows a subject and is linked with the verb 'to be' (budan/hastan) or 'to be situated' (gharār dāshtan). The structure usually looks like: [Subject] + [Reason/Cause - optional] + 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' + [Type of danger - optional] + [Verb]. For example, in the sentence 'Yuzpalang-e Irāni dar ma'raz-e khatar-e engherāz ast,' the type of danger is 'engherāz' (extinction). Without the specific danger mentioned, it simply means 'at risk' in a general sense.

With 'Gharār Dāshtan'
More formal. Example: 'Sāheliān dar ma'raz-e khatar-e sel gharār dārand.' (Coastal dwellers are at risk of floods.)
With 'Engherāz' (Extinction)
The most common collocation. Example: 'Gunehā-ye dar ma'raz-e khatar.' (Endangered species.)

اگر باران نبارد، محصولات کشاورزی در معرض خطر خشکسالی خواهند بود.

Notice that the phrase can be modified by adverbs. You can say 'be شدت' (be sheddat - severely) or 'be جدیت' (be jeddiat - seriously) before the phrase to emphasize the urgency. For instance: 'In mantaghe be sheddat dar ma'raz-e khatar-e zelzele ast' (This region is severely at risk of earthquakes). Another important grammatical point is the use of 'be dalil-e' (due to) to explain the cause of the risk. Because the phrase describes a state, it is often paired with reasons to provide a full picture in reporting or academic contexts.

زبان‌های محلی کوچک در معرض خطر نابودی هستند.

سلامتی کارگران در معرض خطر مواد شیمیایی قرار دارد.

Lastly, consider the 'active' vs 'passive' feel. While 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' is a state, you can 'put' someone in that state using the verb 'gharār dādan'. For example: 'Kār-ha-ye nādorost, tabiat rā dar ma'raz-e khatar gharār midahad' (Incorrect actions put nature at risk). This allows you to assign blame or cause. Mastering this phrase allows you to discuss global issues with the nuance of a native speaker, moving beyond basic descriptions of danger into the realm of systemic risk and vulnerability.

You will encounter در معرض خطر in several specific real-world scenarios in Iran and the wider Persian-speaking world. The most frequent is the nightly news (Akhbār). Whether the topic is the drying of Lake Urmia, the smog in Tehran, or the dwindling numbers of the Caspian Seal, news anchors will invariably use this phrase. It provides the necessary gravitas for environmental reporting. If you read Iranian newspapers like 'Ettela'at' or 'Shargh,' you will see it in the science and environment sections almost daily.

Documentaries (Mostanad)
Narrators use it when showing rare footage of endangered animals. It creates a sense of urgency and emotional connection with the viewer.
Health Announcements
Public health campaigns often use it to warn citizens. 'Afshār-e ā آسیب‌پذیر (vulnerable groups) are at risk of seasonal flu.'

گزارش‌ها نشان می‌دهند که جنگل‌های هیرکانی در معرض خطر هستند.

Beyond the media, you will hear it in academic settings—universities in Tehran, Shiraz, or Isfahan. Professors in biology, sociology, and economics use it to describe systemic weaknesses. In a sociology lecture, a professor might talk about 'khānevādeh-hā-ye dar ma'raz-e khatar' (at-risk families), referring to those living below the poverty line or in areas with high crime rates. This social application is a vital part of the word's life in modern Iran, moving it from the forest into the city streets.

اقتصادهای نوظهور در زمان بحران، بیشتر در معرض خطر سقوط قرار می‌گیرند.

In business and law, the phrase appears in contracts and risk assessment reports. A lawyer might warn a client that their assets are 'dar ma'raz-e khatar-e mosādere' (at risk of confiscation). Therefore, while the B1 definition focuses on extinction, the real-world usage spans the entire spectrum of vulnerability. If you are listening to a podcast about Iranian history, you might even hear it used metaphorically to describe a dynasty or a culture that was 'at risk' of being forgotten or destroyed by invaders.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using در معرض خطر is confusing it with the adjective 'khatarnāk' (dangerous). Remember: 'khatarnāk' describes the thing that *causes* harm (e.g., a lion is khatarnāk), while 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' describes the thing that *might be harmed* (e.g., the lion's habitat is dar ma'raz-e khatar). Using them interchangeably is a hallmark of a beginner. Another common slip-up is omitting the 'Ezafe' (the link vowel) between 'ma'raz' and 'khatar'. In spoken Persian, that tiny 'e' sound is the glue that holds the phrase together.

The Preposition Trap
Some learners say 'dar khatar' (in danger) when they should say 'dar ma'raz-e khatar'. While 'dar khatar' is grammatically correct, it is less precise. 'Dar ma'raz-e khatar' implies a specific vulnerability or exposure that 'dar khatar' lacks.
Verb Agreement
Learners often forget to use 'gharār dārand' (they are situated) and instead use simple 'hastand'. While 'hastand' is okay, 'gharār dārand' sounds much more natural for this specific idiom.

Incorrect: ببر مازندران خطرناک است (The Mazandaran tiger is dangerous - True, but doesn't mean it's extinct).
Correct: ببر مازندران در معرض خطر انقراض بود و متاسفانه منقرض شد.

Another mistake involves the word order when adding a specific type of risk. In English, we say 'at risk of [something]'. In Persian, that '[something]' must follow 'khatar' with another Ezafe. For example: 'dar ma'raz-e khatar-e engherāz'. Many students forget this second link and just say 'dar ma'raz-e khatar engherāz', which is ungrammatical. Lastly, be careful with the word 'ma'raz'. Some students confuse it with 'maraz' (illness). Saying 'dar maraz-e khatar' would sound like 'in the illness of danger', which will definitely confuse your Persian friends!

اشتباه: این منطقه در معرض خطر سیل است (Missing the Ezafe).
درست: این منطقه در معرض خطرِ سیل است.

While در معرض خطر is the standard for 'at risk,' Persian offers several synonyms and alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific type of danger. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation. If you are writing a poetic piece, you might use different terms than if you were writing a scientific report.

آسیب‌پذیر (Āsib-pazir)
Meaning 'vulnerable'. It literally means 'capable of receiving damage'. Used more for people or social groups than for extinction. Example: 'Kudakān-e āsib-pazir' (Vulnerable children).
در آستانه (Dar āstāne-ye)
Meaning 'on the brink of'. Use this when the danger is imminent. Example: 'Dar āstāne-ye engherāz' (On the brink of extinction).
بحرانی (Bohrāni)
Meaning 'critical'. Used when the situation has already become a crisis. Example: 'Vaz'iat-e bohrāni' (Critical condition).

گونه‌های آسیب‌پذیر لزوماً در معرض خطر انقراض نیستند، اما نیاز به مراقبت دارند.

In very formal or legal Persian, you might see 'tahdid-shavandeh' (threatened). This is often used in official government documents regarding national security or environmental policy. On the other hand, in casual conversation, someone might simply say 'khatar dāre' (it has danger), but this lacks the sophistication of 'dar ma'raz-e khatar'. When comparing 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' with 'dar āstāne-ye engherāz', the former is a general category, while the latter is a specific, urgent warning. If a species is 'dar ma'raz-e khatar', there is still time; if it is 'dar āstāne-ye engherāz', it is almost too late.

بسیاری از جزایر به دلیل بالا آمدن سطح دریا در آستانه غرق شدن هستند.

Finally, consider the phrase 'dar khatar budan' (to be in danger). This is the most direct equivalent to the English 'to be in danger'. However, it is slightly more generic. If you are in the middle of a car accident, you are 'dar khatar'. You wouldn't usually say you are 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' in that split-second moment. 'Ma'raz' implies a state of being exposed over a period of time or due to a specific condition. Using 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' shows that you understand the persistent nature of the threat.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The word 'ma'raz' is also the root for 'namāyeshgāh' (exhibition) in some contexts. So being 'at risk' is literally being 'on display' for danger.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /dar mæʕræze xætær/
US /dɑːr mæʔræzeɪ xætɑːr/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'khatar'.
Reimt sich auf
Safar (travel) Khabar (news) Nazar (opinion) Asar (effect) Ghamar (moon) Hunar (art) Zarrar (harm) Bashar (humanity)
Häufige Fehler
  • Pronouncing 'ma'raz' as 'maraz' (meaning illness).
  • Omiting the Ezafe '-e' between the words.
  • Using a soft 'k' instead of the guttural 'kh' in 'khatar'.
  • Stress on 'dar' instead of the end of the phrase.
  • Ignoring the glottal stop (ain) in 'ma'raz'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Requires recognizing the Arabic-rooted 'ma'raz'.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and complex sentence structure.

Sprechen 4/5

The glottal stop and 'kh' sound can be tricky for beginners.

Hören 3/5

Common in news; easy to identify once learned.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

خطر (Danger) در (In) حیوان (Animal) انقراض (Extinction) بودن (To be)

Als Nächstes lernen

آسیب‌پذیر (Vulnerable) حفاظت (Protection) محیط زیست (Environment) بحران (Crisis) پایداری (Sustainability)

Fortgeschritten

دگردیسی (Metamorphosis) فروپاشی (Collapse) یکسان‌سازی (Homogenization) استراتژیک (Strategic) بنیادین (Fundamental)

Wichtige Grammatik

The Ezafe Construction

معرضِ خطر (The 'e' connects the two nouns).

Compound Prepositions

در معرضِ... (Functions as a single unit).

Subject-Verb Agreement with 'Gharār Dāshtan'

آنها در معرض خطر قرار دارند.

Using 'Be Dalil-e' for Causality

در معرض خطر به دلیلِ آلودگی.

Adverbial Modification

به شدت در معرض خطر.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

خرس پاندا در معرض خطر است.

The panda bear is at risk.

Simple subject + phrase + 'ast' (is).

2

این گل زیبا در معرض خطر است.

This beautiful flower is at risk.

Using 'in' (this) to point to a subject.

3

دریا در معرض خطر است.

The sea is at risk.

'Daryā' (sea) is the subject.

4

فیل‌ها در معرض خطر هستند.

Elephants are at risk.

Plural subject needs 'hastand' (are).

5

جنگل در معرض خطر آتش است.

The forest is at risk of fire.

Adding 'ātash' (fire) as the specific danger.

6

آب پاک در معرض خطر است.

Clean water is at risk.

'Āb-e pāk' (clean water) is the noun phrase.

7

پرنده‌ها در معرض خطر هستند.

Birds are at risk.

Plural 'hastand'.

8

کره زمین در معرض خطر است.

Planet Earth is at risk.

'Kore-ye zamin' means the globe.

1

یوزپلنگ ایرانی در معرض خطر انقراض است.

The Persian leopard is at risk of extinction.

'Engherāz' means extinction.

2

بسیاری از ماهی‌ها در معرض خطر هستند.

Many fish are at risk.

'Basyāri az' means many of.

3

کودکان در معرض خطر بیماری هستند.

Children are at risk of illness.

'Bimāri' means illness.

4

این خانه قدیمی در معرض خطر تخریب است.

This old house is at risk of destruction.

'Takhrib' means destruction.

5

حیوانات وحشی در معرض خطر هستند.

Wild animals are at risk.

'Hayvānāt-e vahshi' is a common term.

6

دریاچه ارومیه در معرض خطر خشکی است.

Lake Urmia is at risk of drying up.

'Khoshki' means dryness/drought.

7

سلامتی ما در معرض خطر آلودگی است.

Our health is at risk of pollution.

'Āludegi' means pollution.

8

زبان‌های قدیمی در معرض خطر نابودی هستند.

Old languages are at risk of disappearing.

'Nābudi' means annihilation/disappearance.

1

گونه‌های گیاهی کمیاب در معرض خطر قرار دارند.

Rare plant species are at risk.

Using 'gharār dārand' for a formal tone.

2

این منطقه به دلیل سیل در معرض خطر است.

This area is at risk due to floods.

'Be dalil-e' (due to) explains the cause.

3

اقتصاد کشور در معرض خطر تورم است.

The country's economy is at risk of inflation.

'Toram' means inflation.

4

آثار باستانی در معرض خطر سرقت هستند.

Ancient artifacts are at risk of theft.

'Serghat' means theft.

5

شغل‌های سنتی در معرض خطر تکنولوژی هستند.

Traditional jobs are at risk of technology.

Abstract risk context.

6

حیات وحش آفریقا در معرض خطر شکار غیرقانونی است.

Africa's wildlife is at risk of illegal hunting.

'Shekār-e gheyr-e ghānuni' is poaching.

7

جوانان در معرض خطر اعتیاد قرار دارند.

Youth are at risk of addiction.

Social context usage.

8

کشاورزان در معرض خطر خشکسالی شدید هستند.

Farmers are at risk of severe drought.

'Shedid' (severe) modifies the risk.

1

تغییرات اقلیمی بسیاری از جزایر را در معرض خطر غرق شدن قرار داده است.

Climate change has put many islands at risk of sinking.

Present perfect tense with 'gharār dāde ast'.

2

اطلاعات شخصی کاربران در معرض خطر هک شدن است.

Users' personal information is at risk of being hacked.

Modern technology context.

3

این توافقنامه صلح را در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهد.

This agreement puts peace at risk.

Active voice: 'gharār midahad'.

4

بیماران قلبی در معرض خطر جدی ایست قلبی هستند.

Heart patients are at serious risk of cardiac arrest.

Medical terminology usage.

5

جنگل‌های بارانی با سرعت زیادی در معرض خطر نابودی قرار دارند.

Rainforests are at risk of destruction at a high speed.

'Bā sor'at-e ziyād' (with high speed).

6

سرمایه‌گذاران کوچک بیشتر در معرض خطر نوسانات بازار هستند.

Small investors are more at risk of market fluctuations.

'Navasānāt' means fluctuations.

7

آزادی بیان در برخی کشورها در معرض خطر است.

Freedom of speech is at risk in some countries.

Political/Social risk.

8

ساختمان‌های قدیمی در برابر زلزله در معرض خطر هستند.

Old buildings are at risk against earthquakes.

'Dar barābar-e' means against/in the face of.

1

عدم مدیریت صحیح منابع آب، امنیت غذایی را در معرض خطر قرار داده است.

Lack of proper water resource management has put food security at risk.

Complex subject with 'Adam-e modiriyat' (lack of management).

2

هویت فرهنگی جوامع بومی در معرض خطر یکسان‌سازی جهانی است.

The cultural identity of indigenous communities is at risk of global homogenization.

'Yeksān-sāzi' means homogenization.

3

این بحران مالی، کل سیستم بانکی را در معرض خطر فروپاشی قرار داد.

This financial crisis put the entire banking system at risk of collapse.

Simple past 'gharār dād'.

4

تنوع زیستی در اعماق اقیانوس‌ها در معرض خطر استخراج معادن است.

Biodiversity in the deep oceans is at risk of deep-sea mining.

'Estekhrāj-e ma'āden' means mining.

5

ثبات سیاسی منطقه به دلیل تنش‌های مرزی در معرض خطر قرار گرفته است.

The region's political stability has been put at risk due to border tensions.

Passive-like structure 'gharār gerefte ast'.

6

سلامت روان نوجوانان در معرض خطر استفاده بیش از حد از فضای مجازی است.

Adolescents' mental health is at risk of excessive social media use.

'Fazā-ye majāzi' means cyberspace/social media.

7

ذخایر ژنتیکی گیاهان بومی در معرض خطر تغییرات ژنتیکی هستند.

Genetic reserves of native plants are at risk of genetic modification.

'Zakhāyer-e jenetiki' means genetic reserves.

8

میراث جهانی یونسکو در این شهر در معرض خطر تخریب عمدی است.

The UNESCO World Heritage site in this city is at risk of intentional destruction.

'Amadi' means intentional.

1

پارادایم‌های سنتی قدرت در عصر دیجیتال در معرض خطر دگردیسی بنیادین هستند.

Traditional paradigms of power are at risk of fundamental metamorphosis in the digital age.

Highly academic 'degardisi-ye bonyādin'.

2

یکپارچگی سرزمینی کشور در معرض خطر تحریکات تجزیه‌طلبانه قرار دارد.

The territorial integrity of the country is at risk of separatist provocations.

'Tajziye-talabāne' means separatist.

3

اخلاق حرفه‌ای در پزشکی در معرض خطر تجاری‌سازی مفرط است.

Professional ethics in medicine are at risk of excessive commercialization.

'Tejāri-sāzi-ye mofrat' means excessive commercialization.

4

توازن استراتژیک قدرت‌های جهانی در معرض خطر مسابقه تسلیحاتی جدید است.

The strategic balance of global powers is at risk of a new arms race.

'Mosābeghe-ye taslihāti' means arms race.

5

اصالت آثار هنری در بازار امروز در معرض خطر جعل پیشرفته قرار گرفته است.

The authenticity of artworks in today's market is at risk of advanced forgery.

'Ja'l' means forgery/counterfeiting.

6

زیست‌بوم‌های حساس قطبی در معرض خطر غیرقابل بازگشت گرمایش زمین هستند.

Sensitive polar ecosystems are at irreversible risk from global warming.

'Gheyr-e ghābel-e bāzgasht' means irreversible.

7

حریم خصوصی افراد در معرض خطر نظارت‌های گسترده دولتی است.

Individuals' privacy is at risk of widespread government surveillance.

'Nezārat-e gostarde' means widespread surveillance.

8

پایداری اکوسیستم‌های دریایی در معرض خطر اسیدی شدن اقیانوس‌هاست.

The sustainability of marine ecosystems is at risk of ocean acidification.

Contracted 'ast' to 'st' for literary effect.

Häufige Kollokationen

در معرض خطر انقراض
در معرض خطر قرار گرفتن
در معرض خطر نابودی
در معرض خطر جدی
در معرض خطر سیل
در معرض خطر آلودگی
در معرض خطر ورشکستگی
در معرض خطر بیماری
در معرض خطر مرگ
در معرض خطر فراموشی

Häufige Phrasen

گونه‌های در معرض خطر

— Endangered species. Used in biology and wildlife conservation.

لیست گونه‌های در معرض خطر.

به شدت در معرض خطر

— Critically at risk. Used to emphasize extreme urgency.

این تالاب به شدت در معرض خطر است.

در معرض خطر قرار دادن

— To put at risk. The active form of the phrase.

کارهای او ما را در معرض خطر قرار داد.

در معرض خطر بودن

— To be at risk. The most common state-of-being form.

همه ما در معرض خطر هستیم.

در معرض خطر مستقیم

— At direct risk. Used when the threat is immediate and clear.

سربازان در معرض خطر مستقیم بودند.

در معرض خطر دائمی

— At permanent risk. Used for ongoing vulnerabilities.

این منطقه در معرض خطر دائمی زلزله است.

در معرض خطر احتمالی

— At potential risk. Used for future or uncertain threats.

در معرض خطر احتمالی قرار نگیرید.

در معرض خطر شدید

— At severe risk. High intensity warning.

جنگل‌ها در معرض خطر شدید هستند.

در معرض خطر تخریب

— At risk of destruction. Used for buildings or nature.

بناهای تاریخی در معرض خطر تخریب.

در معرض خطر جانی

— At risk of life. Used in dangerous professions.

آتش‌نشانان در معرض خطر جانی هستند.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

در معرض خطر vs خطرناک

Means 'dangerous' (the cause). 'Dar ma'raz-e khatar' is 'at risk' (the victim).

در معرض خطر vs مرض

Means 'illness'. Pronounced similarly to 'ma'raz' but very different meaning.

در معرض خطر vs در خطر

A simpler, less formal version of the same meaning.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"در معرض باد قرار گرفتن"

— To be exposed to the wind. Often used metaphorically for being vulnerable to change.

او خود را در معرض باد حوادث قرار داد.

Literary
"در معرض دید بودن"

— To be in plain sight or exposed to view.

جواهرات در معرض دید بودند.

Neutral
"در معرض اتهام قرار گرفتن"

— To be under accusation or suspicion.

او در معرض اتهام فساد قرار گرفت.

Legal/Formal
"در معرض نقد بودن"

— To be open to criticism.

کتاب جدید او در معرض نقد شدید است.

Academic
"در معرض تابش خورشید"

— Exposed to sunlight. Often used in health warnings.

پوست خود را در معرض تابش مستقیم قرار ندهید.

Neutral
"در معرض امتحان قرار گرفتن"

— To be tested (metaphorically by life or fate).

صبر او در معرض امتحان قرار گرفت.

Literary
"در معرض قضاوت قرار گرفتن"

— To be judged by others.

هنرمندان همیشه در معرض قضاوت هستند.

Neutral
"در معرض خطرِ نابودیِ کامل"

— At risk of total annihilation. A very strong warning.

تمدن ما در معرض خطر نابودی کامل است.

Formal
"در معرض سیلِ حوادث"

— Exposed to a flood of incidents (metaphorical).

او در معرض سیل حوادث ناگوار بود.

Literary
"در معرضِ خطرِ سقوط"

— At risk of falling or collapsing (literally or figuratively).

دولت در معرض خطر سقوط است.

Political

Leicht verwechselbar

در معرض خطر vs معرض

Sounds like 'maraz' (illness).

Ma'raz (exposure) has a glottal stop and an 'a' sound. Maraz is smooth.

در معرض خطر vs بیماری و مرض.

در معرض خطر vs خطرناک

Both relate to danger.

Khatarnāk is an adjective for the source of danger. Dar ma'raz-e khatar is for the target.

ببر خطرناک است اما در معرض خطر هم هست.

در معرض خطر vs آسیب‌پذیر

Both mean 'vulnerable'.

Āsib-pazir is more about the inherent quality of being easily hurt. Ma'raz is about the situation/exposure.

کودکان آسیب‌پذیر هستند.

در معرض خطر vs تهدید

Relates to being 'threatened'.

Tahdid is the 'threat' (noun). Dar ma'raz-e khatar is the 'state of being' (phrase).

این یک تهدید است.

در معرض خطر vs انقراض

Often used together.

Engherāz is 'extinction' (the result). Ma'raz-e khatar is the 'risk' (the state).

خطر انقراض.

Satzmuster

A1

[Animal] در معرض خطر است.

فیل در معرض خطر است.

A2

[Subject] در معرض خطر [Danger] است.

این شهر در معرض خطر سیل است.

B1

[Subject] به دلیل [Reason] در معرض خطر قرار دارد.

دریاچه به دلیل خشکسالی در معرض خطر قرار دارد.

B2

[Action] [Object] را در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهد.

آلودگی هوا سلامتی را در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهد.

C1

[Abstract Concept] در معرض خطر [Formal Danger] قرار گرفته است.

ثبات منطقه در معرض خطر فروپاشی قرار گرفته است.

C2

با توجه به [Context]، [Subject] در معرض خطر غیرقابل بازگشت است.

با توجه به بحران، اقتصاد در معرض خطر غیرقابل بازگشت است.

B1

گونه‌های در معرض خطر انقراض.

ما باید از گونه‌های در معرض خطر انقراض حمایت کنیم.

B2

به شدت در معرض خطر بودن.

این منطقه به شدت در معرض خطر زلزله است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

خطر (Danger)
معرض (Exhibition/Exposure)
عرض (Presentation)
خطره (Risk - archaic/specific)

Verben

خطر کردن (To take a risk)
عرضه کردن (To present/supply)
در معرض قرار دادن (To expose/put at risk)

Adjektive

خطرناک (Dangerous)
خطیر (Grave/Serious)
معروضی (Presented - rare)

Verwandt

انقراض (Extinction)
نابودی (Destruction)
آسیب (Damage)
تهدید (Threat)
امنیت (Security)
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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in news and academic writing; medium in daily speech.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'khatarnāk' instead of 'dar ma'raz-e khatar'. → در معرض خطر

    Khatarnāk means 'dangerous' (the tiger is dangerous). Dar ma'raz-e khatar means 'at risk' (the tiger is at risk).

  • Saying 'dar maraz-e khatar'. → در معرض خطر

    Maraz (مرض) means illness. Ma'raz (معرض) means exposure. They sound similar but are different.

  • Omitting the Ezafe between ma'raz and khatar. → معرضِ خطر

    In Persian, nouns in a phrase must be linked by the Ezafe (the '-e' sound).

  • Saying 'dar ma'raz-e khatar engherāz'. → در معرض خطرِ انقراض

    You need another Ezafe to link 'khatar' to 'engherāz' (at risk of extinction).

  • Using it for a quick, sudden danger (like a falling rock). → در خطر

    'Dar ma'raz-e khatar' is for long-term exposure or systemic vulnerability.

Tipps

Don't forget the Ezafe

The 'e' sound in 'ma'raz-e' is essential. Without it, the phrase is grammatically incomplete.

Pair with 'Engherāz'

If you are talking about animals, always try to use 'engherāz' (extinction) with this phrase.

The 'Kh' Sound

Make sure your 'kh' in 'khatar' is nice and raspy, like clearing your throat.

Use 'Gharār Dāshtan'

In essays, 'gharār dāshtan' sounds much more professional than 'hastan'.

Environmentalism

This is a key phrase for any discussion about the environment in Iran.

Mirror of Danger

Remember: Ma'raz = Mirror. Danger sees you in the mirror!

News Keywords

When you hear 'ma'raz', get ready for a serious news story about a threat.

Emphasize Urgency

Use 'be شدت' to show that the situation is very serious.

Scientific Texts

You will see this in almost every biology textbook in Persian.

National Pride

Protecting species 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' is a major cultural value in modern Iran.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Ma'raz' as a 'Mirror'. When you are in the 'Mirror' of 'Khatar' (Danger), the danger can see you clearly. You are exposed!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a cheetah standing on a stage (Ma'raz) with a red spotlight (Khatar) on it. It is 'on display' for danger.

Word Web

Engherāz (Extinction) Hayāt-e Vahsh (Wildlife) Mohit-e Zist (Environment) Āludegi (Pollution) Bohrān (Crisis) Āsib (Damage) Tahdid (Threat) Hefāzat (Protection)

Herausforderung

Try to find three things in your daily news that are 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' and write them down in Persian.

Wortherkunft

The phrase is a combination of Persian and Arabic elements. 'Dar' is a pure Persian preposition. 'Ma'raz' and 'Khatar' are Arabic loanwords that have been integrated into Persian for centuries.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 'Ma'raz' literally means 'a place where things are shown' (from the root 'araḍa'). 'Khatar' originally referred to a weight or importance, evolving into 'danger'.

Indo-European (Persian) mixed with Semitic (Arabic) vocabulary.

Kultureller Kontext

When discussing 'at-risk' populations (people), use the word 'āsib-pazir' (vulnerable) as it is often more empathetic than 'dar ma'raz-e khatar'.

In English, we often say 'endangered' for animals. In Persian, 'dar ma'raz-e khatar' is the direct and most common equivalent.

The Asiatic Cheetah conservation project (Project Yuz). Environmental documentaries by Mani Mirsadeghi. The 'Red List' of the IUCN, translated into Persian.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Wildlife Documentary

  • گونه‌های نادر
  • زیستگاه طبیعی
  • شکار غیرقانونی
  • تلاش برای بقا

News Report (Environment)

  • تغییرات اقلیمی
  • خشکسالی بی‌پیشینه
  • کاهش منابع آب
  • هشدار کارشناسان

Medical Warning

  • سلامت عمومی
  • پیشگیری از بیماری
  • عوارض جانبی
  • سیستم ایمنی

Financial News

  • سقوط بورس
  • کاهش ارزش پول
  • امنیت سرمایه‌گذاری
  • ریسک بازار

Historical Discussion

  • میراث فرهنگی
  • حفظ اصالت
  • خطر تخریب
  • نسل‌های آینده

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا می‌دانستید یوزپلنگ ایرانی در معرض خطر انقراض است؟"

"به نظر شما کدام حیوانات در کشور شما در معرض خطر هستند؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم از گونه‌های در معرض خطر محافظت کنیم؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید زبان‌های محلی در معرض خطر نابودی هستند؟"

"چه عواملی محیط زیست ما را در معرض خطر قرار داده است؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره یک حیوان که در معرض خطر انقراض است تحقیق کنید و بنویسید.

چگونه سبک زندگی ما زمین را در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهد؟

یک نامه به دولت بنویسید و درباره آثار باستانی در معرض خطر هشدار دهید.

آیا تا به حال در موقعیتی بوده‌اید که در معرض خطر باشید؟ توصیف کنید.

نقش تکنولوژی در قرار دادن شغل‌ها در معرض خطر چیست؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, you can use it for people in formal contexts, like 'people at risk of a disease'. However, for social vulnerability, 'āsib-pazir' is more common and polite.

It is 'ma'raz' (معرض). 'Maraz' (مرض) means illness. Be careful with the glottal stop (ain) in the middle of 'ma'raz'.

The most common use is 'در معرض خطر انقراض' (at risk of extinction), especially when talking about Iran's wildlife like cheetahs.

Add 'be sheddat' (به شدت) before the phrase: 'be sheddat dar ma'raz-e khatar'.

Yes, it is quite formal. In casual speech, people might just say 'dar khatare' (is in danger).

Yes, 'در معرض خطر تخریب' (at risk of destruction) is often used for old buildings or historical sites.

The most common verbs are 'budan' (to be) and 'gharār dāshtan' (to be situated).

Yes, 'khatar' is an Arabic loanword, but it is the standard word for 'danger' in Persian.

Alone, it means a place of exposure or an exhibition space, though it's rarely used outside this specific phrase.

Not really. For a sudden accident, use 'dar khatar'. 'Dar ma'raz-e khatar' is for long-term or systemic risks.

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writing

Write a sentence about an endangered animal using 'در معرض خطر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

How does pollution affect our health? Use the phrase.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a formal warning about a historical site.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Describe the risk of climate change for islands.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write about the risk of inflation for a country.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'Many languages are at risk of disappearing.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using 'به شدت' and 'در معرض خطر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain why poaching is bad using the phrase.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about cybersecurity.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use 'gharār dāshtan' in a sentence about forests.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write about the risk to children's health in winter.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'Freedom of speech is at risk.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about Lake Urmia.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain the risk of excessive social media use.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write about the risk of market fluctuations for investors.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use 'در آستانه' instead of 'در معرض خطر' for urgency.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about UNESCO sites.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'Lack of water puts food security at risk.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write about the risk of ancient artifacts being stolen.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a conclusion for an environmental essay.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say 'The Persian Cheetah is at risk of extinction' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Warn someone that their health is at risk due to smoking.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Discuss one environmental problem in your country using the phrase.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

How do you say 'severely at risk'?

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Use 'gharār dāshtan' in a sentence about a historical building.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Ask a question: 'Are tigers at risk of extinction?'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Translate: 'We must protect endangered species.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Explain the risk of floods in coastal areas.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Talk about the risk of losing a job to AI.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Describe a personal experience where you felt at risk.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'This policy puts peace at risk.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Correct the pronunciation of 'ma'raz'.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Translate: 'Our culture is at risk of being forgotten.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Discuss the risks of global warming formally.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Use the phrase in a business context about a company.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Translate: 'Indigenous identities are at risk.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Tell a child about a rare flower in danger.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Warn about the risk of forest fires in summer.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Say: 'Information security is at risk.'

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Conclude a speech about the environment.

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the missing word: 'این گونه در معرض خطر ... قرار دارد.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What danger is mentioned? 'روستا در معرض خطر سیل است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the speaker worried? 'متاسفانه یوزپلنگ در معرض خطر است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Identify the formal verb used in the news clip.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is being protected? 'باید از بناهای در معرض خطر حفاظت کرد.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the adverb: 'به شدت در معرض خطر است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the risk to the economy? 'تورم اقتصاد را در معرض خطر قرار داد.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the Cheetah mentioned? 'یوزپلنگ ایرانی در معرض خطر است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is 'engherāz'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Identify the cause: 'به دلیل آلودگی در معرض خطر است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the plural: 'گونه‌های در معرض خطر'.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is 'ziyān'? (often heard with risk)

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the situation urgent? 'در آستانه انقراض است.'

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for 'fazā-ye majāzi'. What is the risk?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Identify the word for 'threat'.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

/ 200 correct

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