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A2 noun #7,200 am häufigsten 11 Min. Lesezeit

خرداد

khordad Top 7,200

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At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'Khordad' is a month. It is the third month of the Iranian year. You can use it in simple sentences like 'Today is Khordad' or 'I like Khordad.' Think of it as the time between May and June. In Iran, schools finish in this month. You should learn to say the name correctly with the 'kh' sound, which is like a heavy 'h' from the throat. You can practice by saying 'Mâh-e Khordâd' (the month of Khordad). At this stage, don't worry about the history or the exact dates. Just remember it is part of spring (bahâr). You might hear people say 'Emtehân' (exam) a lot during this month. It's a busy time for families. Try to remember the sequence: Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad. This will help you count the months of spring.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'Khordad' to talk about schedules and birthdays. You can say things like 'My birthday is in Khordad' (Tavalod-e man dar Khordad ast) or 'The weather in Khordad is good.' You should start to understand that Khordad is not exactly June; it starts in late May. You can use the word with simple adjectives like 'Garm' (warm) or 'Zibâ' (beautiful). You should also be aware that the 15th of Khordad is a holiday. When you talk to Iranian friends, they might ask if you are a 'Khordadi.' This means they are asking about your zodiac sign (Gemini). You can respond with 'Yes' or 'No.' Practice using the Ezafe: 'Dah-e Khordad' (10th of Khordad). This is the standard way to say a specific day. You are moving from just knowing the word to using it in a functional way for daily life.

At the B1 level, you can describe the significance of Khordad in Iranian society. You can talk about the 'Exam Season' (Fasl-e Emtehânât) and how it affects students. You should be able to use more complex sentence structures, like 'If the exams finish in Khordad, we will go to the North.' You can also start using the word in professional contexts, such as 'The project must be finished by the end of Khordad.' You should understand the cultural nuance of the month being the transition from spring to summer. You can discuss the weather changes in more detail, using words like 'Mo'tadel' (moderate) or 'Ruy-be-garmâ' (getting hot). You might also encounter the word in news headlines regarding historical anniversaries. At this level, you should be comfortable converting Gregorian dates to Khordad dates using a calendar app, showing a deeper practical integration of the vocabulary.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the historical and political weight of Khordad. You can discuss the events of '15 Khordad' or the significance of the June 1963 protests in the context of the Iranian Revolution. Your vocabulary should include terms like 'Monâsebat' (occasion) or 'Tat'til-e Rasmi' (official holiday). You can read newspaper articles that use Khordad to frame political cycles or election results. You should also be able to appreciate the poetic use of the month in modern Persian literature, where it might symbolize the 'last breath of spring.' Your pronunciation should be near-native, and you should be able to distinguish between 'Khordad' and its Dari equivalent 'Jowza' when speaking with people from different Persian-speaking regions. You can participate in debates about the school system or the timing of national exams, using Khordad as a key temporal marker.

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At the C1 level, you can explore the etymology of Khordad from the Avestan 'Haurvatat' and discuss its Zoroastrian roots. You can explain how the concept of 'Perfection' or 'Wholeness' is tied to this month and its guardian deity. You should be able to analyze literary texts that use Khordad as a metaphor for maturity or the peak of a cycle. Your usage should be sophisticated, incorporating the word into complex rhetorical structures. You can discuss the socio-economic impact of the 'Khordad rush'—the period before the summer holidays when markets and businesses experience specific shifts. You should also be familiar with the various 'Khordad-themed' movies or books in Iranian pop culture and be able to provide a critique of them. Your understanding of the month is now multi-dimensional, covering linguistic, cultural, historical, and spiritual aspects.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of the word Khordad and its myriad associations. You can engage in academic discussions about the evolution of the Persian calendar and the linguistic shifts from 'Haurvatat' to 'Khordad.' You can interpret the most obscure poetic references to the month in classical and contemporary Persian verse. You understand the subtle political undertones when a politician invokes 'the spirit of Khordad' in a speech. You can navigate any professional or academic setting in Iran, using the month to manage complex timelines, legal deadlines, and historical comparisons. You are fully aware of the regional variations in the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and how they perceive this time of year differently. Khordad is no longer just a word to you; it is a rich, dense symbol of the Iranian identity and its temporal reality.

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خرداد in 30 Sekunden

Khordad is the 3rd Iranian month, ending spring.
It spans from roughly May 22 to June 21.
Known as the month of final school exams in Iran.
Derived from an ancient word meaning 'perfection' and 'health'.

The word خرداد (Khordad) is more than just a label for a period of time; it is a cultural milestone in the Iranian consciousness. As the third month of the Iranian solar Hijri calendar, it represents the grand finale of spring. In the Persian mind, Khordad is inextricably linked with the transition from the blossoming freshness of Farvardin and Ordibehesht into the burgeoning heat of summer. It typically begins on May 22nd and concludes on June 21st of the Gregorian calendar. The name itself carries a divine weight, descending from the Avestan word 'Haurvatat,' which signifies 'wholeness,' 'perfection,' or 'health.' In Zoroastrian mythology, Haurvatat is one of the Amesha Spentas, the bounteous immortals, specifically the guardian of water and vegetation. Therefore, when a Persian speaker says 'Khordad,' they are subtly invoking a history of spiritual perfection and the life-giving properties of water.

Temporal Context: Khordad is the month of the Gemini zodiac sign (Jowza). It is the time when the days reach their maximum length in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the summer solstice.

In modern social life, Khordad is famously known as the 'Month of Exams.' For millions of students across Iran, from primary school to university, this month is synonymous with intense study, late-night coffee, and the anxiety of final evaluations. It marks the end of the academic year, making it a period of high stress followed by the immense relief of the upcoming three-month summer vacation. When you hear an Iranian parent say, 'Wait until Khordad is over,' they are usually referring to the domestic lockdown required for their children to focus on their books. It is also a month of significant political and historical weight, housing anniversaries of major protests and shifts in the Iranian government, particularly the events of June 1963 and the presidential elections of the late 90s and 2000s.

هوا در ماه خرداد کم‌کم گرم می‌شود و بوی تابستان می‌آید.

Translation: The weather gradually gets warm in the month of Khordad, and the scent of summer arrives.

Etymological Root: Derived from 'Haurvatat' (Middle Persian: Hordad), meaning 'Integrity' or 'Salvation.' It represents the completion of the spring cycle.

Furthermore, Khordad is the month of jasmine and roses. While the initial bloom of Farvardin has passed, the greenery is at its peak thickness before the sun begins to yellow the grass. It is a popular month for weddings among those who want to avoid the heat of summer but wish for outdoor ceremonies. In the agricultural sector, this is a crucial time for irrigation, reflecting the month's ancient connection to the guardianship of water. Farmers are busy ensuring that the spring rains have been sufficiently captured to sustain the crops through the dry months ahead. Thus, the word carries a sense of preparation and the final gathering of energy before the harvest cycles begin in the later months.

نیمه خرداد در تقویم ایران تعطیل رسمی است.

Seasonal Placement: It is the third month of the Solar Hijri calendar, following Ordibehesht and preceding Tir.

Using خرداد in a sentence requires an understanding of how Persian handles dates and time. Unlike English, where you might say 'in June,' Persian often uses the preposition 'در' (in) or simply attaches the month to the event using the Ezafe construction. For example, 'امتحاناتِ خرداد' (Khordad's exams). Because it is a proper noun representing a specific time, it does not take a plural form unless you are referring to multiple Khordads over several years, which is rare. When discussing birthdays, you would say 'من متولد خرداد هستم' (I was born in Khordad), which identifies you as a 'Khordadi'—a term often used in Iranian pop-astrology to describe someone with Gemini-like traits.

او قصد دارد در بیستم خرداد به سفر برود.

Translation: He intends to go on a trip on the 20th of Khordad.

In formal administrative contexts, Khordad is used to denote deadlines and fiscal quarters. 'تا پایان خرداد' (Until the end of Khordad) is a common phrase in contracts and official announcements. Because the Iranian school year ends in this month, you will find it frequently used in academic schedules. For instance, 'کارنامه ها در اواخر خرداد صادر می‌شوند' (Report cards are issued in late Khordad). Note that the word does not change based on its position in the sentence; it remains 'Khordad' whether it is the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. However, the pronunciation should be crisp, emphasizing the 'Kh' (voiceless uvular fricative) at the beginning.

Common Sentence Structure: [Subject] + در + [Day Number] + خرداد + [Verb]. Example: علی در دهم خرداد آمد.

When describing the weather or the atmosphere of the month, poets and writers often pair Khordad with adjectives like 'پرطراوت' (fresh/vibrant) or 'پرحادثه' (eventful). Because of the political history associated with this month, 'خرداد پرحادثه' is a common collocation in news media. In daily life, you might hear someone complain about the heat by saying 'هنوز خرداد است و هوا اینقدر گرم شده!' (It's still Khordad and the weather has become this hot!). This highlights the month's role as a psychological threshold for the summer heat.

گل‌های محمدی در ماه خرداد شکوفا می‌شوند.

Adjectival Use: To describe someone born in this month, use 'خردادی' (Khordadi). Example: خواهرم خردادی است.

In Iran, خرداد is a word that echoes through school hallways, news broadcasts, and family dinner tables. If you are in a school environment during May or June, you will hear it every few minutes. Teachers will warn, 'امتحانات خرداد نزدیک است' (The Khordad exams are near). Students will lament the 'سختیِ امتحانات خرداد' (the difficulty of the Khordad exams). This creates a shared cultural experience of collective stress and subsequent liberation. You will also hear it on the radio and television, especially around the 14th and 15th of the month, which are public holidays in Iran commemorating the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and the 1963 protests. The phrase '۱۵ خرداد' (Pānzdah-e Khordad) is so iconic that many streets, squares, and even a metro station in Tehran are named after it.

ایستگاه متروی پانزده خرداد همیشه شلوغ است.

Translation: The 15th of Khordad metro station is always crowded.

In the marketplace, Khordad is the time you hear vendors shouting about the arrival of specific seasonal fruits. It is the peak of the cherry (گیلاس) and sour cherry (آلبالو) season. You might hear a greengrocer say, 'نوبرانه خرداد است' (It is the first fruit of Khordad). In the business world, Khordad is the month of financial closing for many who follow the solar year. Accountants and business owners frequently use the word when discussing deadlines for tax filings or end-of-quarter reports. 'تسویه حساب تا آخر خرداد' (Settlement of accounts by the end of Khordad) is a phrase that keeps many professionals busy during this period.

Social Context: In casual social gatherings, people often discuss their 'Khordadi' friends, attributing to them a dual personality or a sharp wit, similar to the Western view of Geminis.

Furthermore, in the world of literature and music, Khordad is often portrayed as the 'month of longing' or the 'month of the last spring breeze.' Modern Persian poets often use the word to evoke a sense of fleeting beauty—the last moment of comfort before the harsh summer sun dominates the landscape. If you listen to Persian pop or traditional music, you might encounter lyrics that mention 'کوچه باغ‌های خرداد' (the garden alleys of Khordad), referring to the lush, green paths in cities like Shiraz or Tehran's northern districts that are most beautiful during this time. It is a word that carries both the weight of history and the lightness of a spring afternoon.

برنامه‌ی امتحانات خرداد روی دیوار نصب شده است.

One of the most frequent mistakes made by English speakers learning Persian is the mispronunciation of the initial 'Kh' (خ). Learners often pronounce it as a hard 'K' (like 'Kordad') or a soft 'H' (like 'Hordad'). The correct sound is a voiceless uvular fricative, similar to the 'ch' in the Scottish 'loch' or the German 'Bach.' To master the word خرداد, one must ensure the friction is felt at the back of the throat. Another common error is confusing the sequence of the months. Since Khordad is the third month, learners often mix it up with 'Ordibehesht' (the second month) or 'Tir' (the fourth month). Remembering that Khordad is the *last* month of spring can help anchor it in your mind.

اشتباه: من در کرداد به دنیا آمدم. (Incorrect pronunciation: Kordad)

Correct: من در خرداد به دنیا آمدم.

Another mistake involves the calendar conversion. Many learners assume Khordad aligns perfectly with June. While they overlap significantly, Khordad actually spans the last third of May and the first two-thirds of June. If you have a deadline on 'the 15th of Khordad,' it is not the 15th of June; it is usually June 5th. Always use a calendar converter to avoid missing appointments! Additionally, learners sometimes forget to use the Ezafe when connecting 'month' to 'Khordad.' It should be 'Mâh-e Khordâd' (ماه خرداد), not 'Mâh Khordâd.'

Grammatical Pitfall: Using 'در' (in) is optional but common. However, avoid saying 'توی خرداد' in formal writing; 'توی' is very colloquial. Stick to 'در خرداد' or simply 'خرداد'.

A subtle mistake is related to the cultural connotation of '15 Khordad.' Non-native speakers might treat it as just any date, but in Iran, it is a highly charged political term. Using it casually without acknowledging its historical significance might lead to confusion in serious conversations. Finally, regarding spelling, ensure you don't confuse the letter 'خ' (Khe) with 'ح' (He) or 'ه' (He). The dot on top of 'خ' is essential; without it, the word becomes unrecognizable or changes meaning entirely.

درست: ماهِ خرداد. غلط: ماه خرداد (بدون کسره).

Calendar Confusion: Don't assume Khordad 1st is June 1st. It's usually May 22nd. This is the most common practical error for expats.

While خرداد is a specific proper noun, there are several ways to refer to this time period or related concepts. The most direct alternative is using the zodiac name جوزا (Jowza), which means Gemini. While 'Khordad' is used for the civil calendar, 'Jowza' is often used in older literature, astrology, and sometimes in Afghanistan's version of the solar calendar. Another descriptive alternative is ماه سوم سال (the third month of the year) or آخرین ماه بهار (the last month of spring). These are useful if you forget the specific name but want to convey the timing.

Khordad vs. Jowza: 'Khordad' is the official Iranian term. 'Jowza' is the Arabic-derived zodiac name used officially in Dari Persian (Afghanistan).

When comparing Khordad to other months, it is often grouped with its spring siblings: فروردین (Farvardin) and اردیبهشت (Ordibehesht). However, Khordad is the 'warmest' of the three. If you want to describe the end of the month, you can use اواخر خرداد, which is synonymous with the arrival of summer. In a poetic sense, Khordad is sometimes called the 'gate of summer.' For those learning the Afghan dialect of Persian (Dari), it is vital to know that they use the zodiac names as the primary names for months, so you would say 'Jowza' instead of 'Khordad' in Kabul.

در افغانستان به جای خرداد، واژه‌ی «جوزا» را به کار می‌برند.

Translation: In Afghanistan, they use the word 'Jowza' instead of 'Khordad'.

In terms of conceptual synonyms, the word فصل امتحانات (exam season) is almost a functional synonym for Khordad in the context of student life. If someone says, 'I'm busy because it's exam season,' it's nearly certain they are talking about the month of Khordad. Additionally, the term بهارِ دیروقت (late spring) can be used in literary contexts to describe the specific atmosphere of this month, characterized by long days and the first hints of summer heat.

Comparison: Khordad vs. Tir: Khordad is the end of school and the end of spring. Tir is the start of summer and the peak of the holiday season.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In Zoroastrianism, Khordad is the name of an Archangel (Amesha Spenta) who protects water. This is why the month is traditionally associated with the health and purity of water sources.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /xɔːrˈdæd/

US /xɔːrˈdæd/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: khor-DAD.

Reimt sich auf

بیداد (Bidad) فریاد (Faryad) ایجاد (Ijad) شمشاد (Shemshad) استاد (Ostad) آزاد (Azad) امداد (Emdad) اقتصاد (Eqtesad)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k' (Kordad).
Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'h' (Hordad).
Stress on the first syllable.
Making the 'a' sound too long like 'ah' (Khordââd).
Replacing the final 'd' with a 't' sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize as a month name.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires remembering the 'Khe' and 'Dal' at the end.

Sprechen 4/5

The 'kh' sound is challenging for beginners.

Hören 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to spot in speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

ماه بهار فصل یک دو

Als Nächstes lernen

تیر مرداد شهریور تابستان

Fortgeschritten

هئوروتات امشاسپندان گاه‌شماری انقلاب تابستانی

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe Construction with Months

ماه خرداد (Mâh-e Khordâd)

Ordinal Numbers for Dates

اول خرداد (First of Khordad)

Preposition 'Dar' for Time

در خرداد (In Khordad)

Adjective Suffix '-i'

خردادی (Someone from Khordad)

Pluralizing Time Units

خردادهای گذشته (Past Khordads)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

امروز اول خرداد است.

Today is the first of Khordad.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

خرداد ماه زیبایی است.

Khordad is a beautiful month.

Use of adjective after the noun.

او در خرداد می‌آید.

He/She is coming in Khordad.

Preposition 'dar' used for time.

هوا در خرداد گرم است.

The weather is warm in Khordad.

Describing weather with 'ast'.

من خرداد را دوست دارم.

I like Khordad.

Direct object with 'râ'.

مدرسه در خرداد تمام می‌شود.

School finishes in Khordad.

Present simple verb 'tamâm mishavad'.

این گل خرداد است.

This is a Khordad flower.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in'.

آیا خرداد بهار است؟

Is Khordad spring?

Simple question with 'âyâ'.

تولد برادرم در دهم خرداد است.

My brother's birthday is on the 10th of Khordad.

Possessive Ezafe 'barâdar-am'.

ما در ماه خرداد به شیراز می‌رویم.

We are going to Shiraz in the month of Khordad.

Future intent using present continuous form.

امتحانات مدرسه در خرداد شروع می‌شوند.

School exams start in Khordad.

Plural subject with plural verb.

او یک پیراهن برای خرداد خرید.

He bought a shirt for Khordad.

Past tense verb 'kharid'.

خرداد آخرین ماه فصل بهار است.

Khordad is the last month of the spring season.

Superlative sense with 'âkharin'.

در خرداد روزها بلند هستند.

In Khordad, the days are long.

Plural adjective 'boland'.

او متولد خرداد است و خیلی باهوش است.

He was born in Khordad and is very smart.

Compound sentence with 'va'.

میوه‌های خرداد خیلی خوشمزه هستند.

Khordad's fruits are very delicious.

Ezafe construction for possession.

اگر در خرداد وقت داشته باشم، به دیدنت می‌آیم.

If I have time in Khordad, I will come to see you.

Conditional sentence type 1.

بیشتر دانش‌آموزان از امتحانات خرداد می‌ترسند.

Most students are afraid of the Khordad exams.

Use of 'az' (from/of) with the verb 'tarsidan'.

تعطیلات نیمه خرداد فرصت خوبی برای سفر است.

The mid-Khordad holidays are a good opportunity for travel.

Noun phrase as a subject.

او توانست تمام کارهایش را تا پایان خرداد تمام کند.

He was able to finish all his work by the end of Khordad.

Modal verb 'tavânestan' with subjunctive.

برنامه‌ی سفر ما برای اواخر خرداد تنظیم شده است.

Our travel plan is set for late Khordad.

Passive voice 'tanzim shodeh ast'.

در خرداد، طبیعت هنوز سبز و باطراوت است.

In Khordad, nature is still green and fresh.

Adverb 'hanuz' (still).

او همیشه خاطرات خوبی از ماه‌های خرداد دارد.

He always has good memories of the months of Khordad.

Pluralization of 'mâh' (months).

قیمت تورها در خرداد معمولاً افزایش می‌یابد.

Tour prices usually increase in Khordad.

Adverb 'ma'mulan' (usually).

واقعه‌ی پانزده خرداد نقطه عطفی در تاریخ ایران بود.

The event of 15 Khordad was a turning point in Iranian history.

Historical reference with abstract noun 'noqte-ye atf'.

بسیاری از قراردادها در پایان خرداد منقضی می‌شوند.

Many contracts expire at the end of Khordad.

Formal verb 'monqazi shodan'.

او به عنوان یک خردادی، شخصیتی دوگانه و جذاب دارد.

As a 'Khordadi', he has a dual and attractive personality.

Use of 'be onvân-e' (as a).

گرچه خرداد گرم است، اما هنوز نسیم خنکی می‌وزد.

Although Khordad is warm, a cool breeze still blows.

Conjunction 'garche' (although).

او در حال مطالعه برای کنکور است که در خرداد برگزار می‌شود.

He is studying for the Konkur (entrance exam) which is held in Khordad.

Relative clause starting with 'ke'.

برداشت برخی محصولات کشاورزی در خرداد آغاز می‌گردد.

The harvest of some agricultural products begins in Khordad.

Formal verb 'âqâz gardidan'.

او مقاله‌ای درباره‌ی اهمیت خرداد در تقویم باستان نوشت.

He wrote an article about the importance of Khordad in the ancient calendar.

Prepositional phrase with 'darbâre-ye'.

فضای شهر در خرداد مملو از شور و هیجان دانش‌آموزان است.

The city atmosphere in Khordad is full of students' excitement.

Adjective 'mamlo' (full of).

نام خرداد از ریشه‌ی اوستایی هئوروتات به معنای کمال گرفته شده است.

The name Khordad is derived from the Avestan root Haurvatat, meaning perfection.

Etymological explanation using 'az rishe-ye'.

در ادبیات معاصر، خرداد نمادی از بلوغ و گذار است.

In contemporary literature, Khordad is a symbol of maturity and transition.

Abstract noun 'namâd' (symbol).

تحولات سیاسی خرداد ماه، مسیر آینده‌ی کشور را تغییر داد.

The political developments of the month of Khordad changed the country's future path.

Complex subject with multiple modifiers.

او با ظرافتی خاص، لطافت نسیم خرداد را در شعرش توصیف کرد.

With a specific delicacy, he described the tenderness of the Khordad breeze in his poem.

Adverbial phrase 'bâ zarâfati khâs'.

بررسی تطبیقی خرداد و ماه ژوئن نشان‌دهنده تفاوت‌های تقویمی جالبی است.

A comparative study of Khordad and June shows interesting calendar differences.

Academic term 'barresi-ye tatbiqi'.

او معتقد است که روح خرداد با عنصر آب پیوندی ناگسستنی دارد.

He believes that the spirit of Khordad has an unbreakable bond with the element of water.

Complex clause with 'mo'taqed ast ke'.

تلاطم بازار در اواخر خرداد ناشی از پایان سال مالی بود.

The market volatility in late Khordad was due to the end of the fiscal year.

Formal expression 'nâshi az' (resulting from).

میراث فرهنگی مرتبط با ماه خرداد در مناطق مختلف ایران متفاوت است.

The cultural heritage associated with the month of Khordad varies in different regions of Iran.

Subject-verb agreement with 'motafâvet ast'.

تجلی مفاهیم زرتشتی در نام‌گذاری ماه‌هایی چون خرداد، نیازمند واکاوی عمیق است.

The manifestation of Zoroastrian concepts in the naming of months like Khordad requires deep analysis.

Highly formal vocabulary 'tajalli' and 'vâkâvi'.

خرداد، در چنبره‌ی حوادث تاریخی، هویتی فراتر از یک ماه تقویمی یافته است.

Khordad, in the grip of historical events, has found an identity beyond a calendar month.

Metaphorical use of 'chanbareh' (coil/grip).

او در رساله‌ی خود به تبیین جایگاه هئوروتات در میان امشاسپندان و پیوند آن با خرداد پرداخت.

In his dissertation, he explained the position of Haurvatat among the Amesha Spentas and its link to Khordad.

Technical academic verb 'tabyin kardan'.

شعر او، واگویه‌ای از دلتنگی‌های عصرگاه خرداد در کوچه‌های قدیمی تهران است.

His poetry is a narration of the longings of Khordad evenings in the old alleys of Tehran.

Literary term 'vâguyeh' (narration/echo).

گستره‌ی معنایی خرداد در گویش‌های مختلف فارسی، غنای این زبان را بازمی‌نماید.

The semantic range of Khordad in various Persian dialects reflects the richness of this language.

Formal verb 'bâznemâyad' (reflects/represents).

پیوند اسطوره‌شناختی خرداد با باروری و آب، در آیین‌های محلی تجلی می‌یابد.

The mythological link of Khordad with fertility and water is manifested in local rituals.

Compound adjective 'osture-shenâkhti'.

تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی پیرامون 'دوم خرداد' نیازمند درک زمینه‌های اجتماعی آن دوران است.

Analyzing the political discourse around '2nd of Khordad' requires understanding the social contexts of that era.

Sociopolitical terminology 'tahlil-e goftmân'.

او با استناد به متون کهن، فرضیه‌ی ارتباط خرداد با سلامت تن و روان را مطرح کرد.

Citing ancient texts, he proposed the hypothesis of Khordad's connection with physical and mental health.

Formal phrase 'bâ estenâd be' (citing/referring to).

Häufige Kollokationen

امتحانات خرداد

نیمه خرداد

متولد خرداد

اواخر خرداد

اوایل خرداد

۱۵ خرداد

نسیم خرداد

ماه خرداد

گرما خرداد

کارنامه‌ی خرداد

Häufige Phrasen

خرداد پرحادثه

— Referring to the many historical and political events that happen in this month.

تاریخ معاصر ایران پر از خردادهای پرحادثه است.

تا آخر خرداد

— A deadline meaning 'by the end of the month'.

پروژه را تا آخر خرداد تحویل بده.

خردادی هستی؟

— Asking if someone was born in Khordad (Gemini).

خیلی باهوشی، خردادی هستی؟

امتحاناتِ نهایی خرداد

— The final national exams for students.

امتحانات نهایی خرداد از فردا آغاز می‌شود.

تعطیلات خرداد

— Usually refers to the holidays on the 14th and 15th.

در تعطیلات خرداد جاده‌ها شلوغ هستند.

هوای خردادی

— Unpredictable but generally warm spring weather.

امروز واقعاً یک هوای خردادی داریم.

اول خرداد

— The first day of the month.

قرارداد ما از اول خرداد شروع می‌شود.

سی و یکم خرداد

— The last day of the month.

او در سی و یکم خرداد به دنیا آمد.

متولدین خرداد

— People born in the month of Khordad.

متولدین خرداد معمولاً خونگرم هستند.

بوی خرداد

— A poetic way to describe the atmosphere of late spring.

بوی خرداد و گل‌های یاس در کوچه پیچیده بود.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

خرداد vs اردیبهشت

The 2nd month. Remember Khordad is 3rd (last month of spring).

خرداد vs تیر

The 4th month. Tir is the start of summer; Khordad is the end of spring.

خرداد vs خردل

Means 'mustard'. Similar spelling but very different meaning!

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"خردادِ خونین"

— Bloody Khordad; refers to violent historical protests in this month.

در کتاب‌های تاریخ از خرداد خونین یاد شده است.

political

"مثل هوای خرداد"

— Unpredictable or changeable mood (like the weather).

اخلاقش مثل هوای خرداد است؛ یک لحظه خوب و یک لحظه بد.

informal

"خردادِ پر از امتحان"

— A metaphor for a very busy and stressful period of life.

زندگی من این روزها مثل یک خرداد پر از امتحان است.

casual

"از خرداد تا تیر"

— A very short period of time or a quick transition.

فاصله‌ی خوشحالی ما از خرداد تا تیر بود.

poetic

"دروازه‌ی تابستان"

— The gate of summer; describing Khordad's position.

خرداد همیشه برای من دروازه‌ی تابستان است.

literary

"ماه کمال"

— The month of perfection; referring to its etymological meaning.

قدیمی‌ها خرداد را ماه کمال می‌دانستند.

academic

"خردادِ داغ"

— A hot Khordad; usually implies political tension rather than just weather.

پیش‌بینی می‌شود که امسال خرداد داغی داشته باشیم.

journalistic

"نسیمِ خردادی"

— A refreshing but fleeting moment of peace.

خنده‌اش مثل نسیم خردادی بود.

poetic

"خردادِ خاکستری"

— A gray Khordad; referring to a period of sadness or uncertainty in late spring.

او در خرداد خاکستری زندگی‌اش بود.

literary

"فرزند خرداد"

— A child of Khordad; someone who embodies the spirit of the month.

او واقعاً یک فرزند خرداد است؛ پر از انرژی.

casual

Leicht verwechselbar

خرداد vs خرد

Similar root.

Means 'wisdom' or 'small/micro'. Khordad is the month.

خرداد ماه زیبایی است، اما خرد بالاترین دارایی است.

خرداد vs خردل

Similar looking.

Khordal is mustard.

در خرداد ماه، سس خردل خریدم.

خرداد vs خرد کردن

Verb with the same start.

Means to chop or crush.

او در ماه خرداد پیازها را خرد کرد.

خرداد vs خوردن

Similar sound.

Means 'to eat'.

من در خرداد گیلاس می‌خورم.

خرداد vs خرم

Similar start.

Means 'lush' or 'happy'.

خرداد ماه خرمی است.

Satzmuster

امروز [Date] خرداد است.

امروز ۵ خرداد است.

من در خرداد به [Place] می‌روم.

من در خرداد به تهران می‌روم.

تا پایان خرداد باید [Task] را انجام دهم.

تا پایان خرداد باید کتاب را تمام کنم.

با شروع خرداد، [Event] آغاز می‌شود.

با شروع خرداد، فصل گرما آغاز می‌شود.

خرداد یادآور [Historical Event] است.

خرداد یادآور حوادث سال ۱۳۴۲ است.

در پهنه‌ی گیتی، خرداد نماد [Concept] است.

در پهنه‌ی گیتی، خرداد نماد کمال ایزدی است.

Mixed

[Subject] متولد خرداد است.

مادرم متولد خرداد است.

Mixed

هوا در خرداد [Adjective] می‌شود.

هوا در خرداد گرم می‌شود.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

خردادی (A person born in Khordad)

Adjektive

خردادی (Related to Khordad)

Verwandt

بهار

تابستان

اردیبهشت

تیر

تقویم

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frequency

Very high, especially in spring and early summer.

Häufige Fehler

Calling it the first month of summer. → The last month of spring.
Khordad ends on the summer solstice, so it is still spring.
Pronouncing it 'Kordad'. → Khordad (with a raspy 'kh').
The 'kh' sound is a distinct phoneme in Persian.
Thinking Khordad 1st is June 1st. → Khordad 1st is usually May 22nd.
The Iranian calendar does not align perfectly with the Gregorian one.
Writing it as خورداد. → خرداد
Do not add an extra 'vav' (u/o) after the 'khe'.
Using 'Jowza' in Tehran. → Using 'Khordad' in Tehran.
Jowza is understood but 'Khordad' is the standard in Iran.

Tipps

Holiday Awareness

Remember the 14th and 15th of Khordad are holidays. Stores might be closed.

The 'Kh' Sound

Don't be afraid to make a raspy sound; it's essential for being understood.

Exam Season

If you have Iranian friends, don't expect them to hang out much in Khordad; they are likely studying!

Best Time to Visit

Early Khordad is one of the best times to visit Iran as the weather is still moderate.

Khordadi Personality

Mentioning someone is a 'Khordadi' is a great conversation starter about personality traits.

Ezafe Usage

Always use the Ezafe (the 'e' sound) when saying 'Month of Khordad' -> 'Mâh-e Khordâd'.

Spelling

The word ends with a 'Dal'. Make sure it's clear and not confused with 'Re'.

Archangel Link

Knowing it relates to 'Perfection' helps you remember it's a 'perfect' time of year.

Dari Variation

If you go to Afghanistan, switch 'Khordad' to 'Jowza' to sound like a local.

Seasonal Eating

Look for 'Albalu' (sour cherries) in the markets during this month; they are at their best.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Khor' (sun/eat) and 'Dad' (gave). The sun gave its heat in this month. Or remember: 'Khordad is the Dad of summer's start.'

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a student sitting under a blooming tree with a textbook, sweating slightly as the sun gets higher. This combines the 'exam' and 'late spring' aspects.

Word Web

Calendar Spring June Exams Gemini Water Perfection Holiday

Herausforderung

Try to name the three months of spring in order: Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad. Then, use 'Khordad' in a sentence about your favorite fruit.

Wortherkunft

Khordad comes from the Avestan word 'Haurvatat' through Middle Persian 'Hordad'. It belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original meaning is 'Wholeness', 'Integrity', 'Health', or 'Perfection'.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Old Persian > Avestan.

Kultureller Kontext

Be aware that the 14th and 15th of Khordad are solemn days of mourning in Iran; avoid planning loud celebrations in public during these dates.

English speakers should relate Khordad to the end of the school year, similar to late May/early June in the US or UK.

15 Khordad Street (Tehran) The 2nd of Khordad Movement Khordad 15 Foundation

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Academic

برنامه‌ی امتحانات
نمره‌ی خرداد
پایان ترم
کنکور

Travel

بلیط برای خرداد
هوای شمال در خرداد
ترافیک تعطیلات
رزرو هتل

Astrology

نماد خرداد
شخصیت خردادی
سیاره حاکم
جوزا

History

قیام ۱۵ خرداد
انتخابات ۲ خرداد
رحلت امام
تاریخ معاصر

Daily Life

اجاره تا خرداد
تولد در خرداد
میوه‌های نوبرانه
خرید تابستانی

Gesprächseinstiege

"برنامه‌ات برای تعطیلات خرداد چیست؟ (What is your plan for the Khordad holidays?)"

"آیا تو هم در خرداد امتحان داری؟ (Do you also have exams in Khordad?)"

"به نظر تو هوای خرداد برای سفر به شیراز خوب است؟ (In your opinion, is Khordad weather good for traveling to Shiraz?)"

"چند نفر از دوستانت متولد خرداد هستند؟ (How many of your friends are born in Khordad?)"

"میوه‌ی مورد علاقه‌ات در ماه خرداد چیست؟ (What is your favorite fruit in the month of Khordad?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

خاطرات خود را از آخرین خردادی که در مدرسه بودید بنویسید. (Write about your memories of the last Khordad you were in school.)

اگر می‌توانستید یک ماه را برای همیشه انتخاب کنید، آیا آن ماه خرداد بود؟ چرا؟ (If you could choose one month forever, would it be Khordad? Why?)

تغییرات طبیعت را در ماه خرداد توصیف کنید. (Describe the changes in nature during the month of Khordad.)

اهمیت تاریخی ۱۵ خرداد در ایران چیست؟ تحقیق کنید و بنویسید. (What is the historical importance of 15 Khordad in Iran? Research and write.)

یک روز ایده‌آل در اواسط خرداد برای شما چگونه است؟ (What does an ideal day in mid-Khordad look like for you?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Khordad roughly corresponds to May 22nd through June 21st. It is the third month of the Iranian solar calendar.

There are 31 days in the month of Khordad.

Khordad is the third and final month of spring in the Iranian calendar.

It comes from the Avestan 'Haurvatat', which means perfection, wholeness, or health.

It is famous for the end-of-year school exams and several important historical and political anniversaries.

The 15th of Khordad (June 5th) is a major public holiday in Iran commemorating the 1963 protests.

You say: 'Man motevaled-e Khordâd hastam'.

The zodiac sign for Khordad is Gemini (Jowza).

It is usually warm and pleasant, but it starts getting quite hot towards the end of the month.

Cherries (Gilas), sour cherries (Albalu), and green plums (Goje Sabz) are very popular.

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