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B2 noun 11 Min. Lesezeit

سوگیری

soogiri
Beispiele
Erklärung سوگیری in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn Persian. The word 'سوگیری' (bias) is a bit advanced for this level, as you are mostly focusing on simple greetings, numbers, and basic vocabulary like food and colors. However, it is useful to know that words in Persian can be made of two smaller words. 'سو' means direction, and 'گیری' means taking. So, 'سوگیری' means taking a direction or taking a side. If you hear this word on Persian television or from native speakers, you will know they are talking about someone who is not being fair or who favors one side over another. You don't need to use it in your own sentences yet, but recognizing it is a great first step. For now, focus on simpler words for feelings and opinions, like 'خوب' (good) and 'بد' (bad). If someone is showing 'سوگیری', they are usually doing something that other people think is 'بد' (bad) or unfair. Keep this word in your passive vocabulary for later.
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At the A2 level, you can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance. You are starting to express your opinions and describe situations. You might encounter the word 'سوگیری' when reading simple news headlines or listening to people argue about a football match. You can start using it in very basic sentences. For example, if you think a referee in a game is unfair, you can say 'او سوگیری دارد' (He has bias). At this stage, you should practice identifying the word in context. It usually appears when people are unhappy with a decision or a news report. You will also learn that 'بی‌طرف' (neutral) is the opposite of having 'سوگیری'. Try to memorize the phrase 'بدون سوگیری' (without bias), which is very common. As you build your vocabulary, linking 'سوگیری' with words like 'اخبار' (news) and 'داور' (referee) will help you remember its meaning and context. It is a stepping stone to more complex conversations.
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At the B1 level, you can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. You are now able to participate in conversations about current events, media, and personal experiences. The word 'سوگیری' becomes very useful here. You can use it to express more nuanced opinions. Instead of just saying a news article is 'bad', you can say 'این مقاله سوگیری دارد' (This article has bias). You should start practicing the prepositions that go with it, such as 'نسبت به' (towards) or 'علیه' (against). For example, 'سوگیری علیه زنان' (bias against women). You will notice this word frequently in Persian podcasts, YouTube videos, and social media discussions where people are analyzing events. It is a great word to use in your writing exercises when you are asked to give your opinion on a topic. Understanding 'سوگیری' helps you transition from simple descriptions to actual analysis, which is a key requirement for B1 fluency. Start paying attention to how native speakers use it to critique unfairness.
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At the B2 level, you can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. 'سوگیری' is officially a B2 level word, and you are expected to use it actively and correctly. You should be comfortable discussing 'سوگیری رسانه‌ای' (media bias) or 'سوگیری شناختی' (cognitive bias) in discussions about psychology, politics, or sociology. You need to know how to use it with various verbs, such as 'نشان دادن' (to show) and 'جلوگیری کردن' (to prevent). For example, 'ما باید از سوگیری جلوگیری کنیم' (We must prevent bias). You should also be able to distinguish it from similar words like 'تعصب' (prejudice) and 'تبعیض' (discrimination). In your essays or debates, using 'سوگیری' demonstrates a strong command of academic and formal Persian. You will encounter this word in editorials, analytical articles, and formal interviews. Mastering its nuances, such as the difference between implicit and explicit bias, will greatly enhance your ability to articulate complex arguments and critique information critically.
At the C1 level, you can express yourself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Your use of 'سوگیری' should be sophisticated and native-like. You can engage in deep philosophical, psychological, or sociological discussions using compound phrases like 'سوگیری تایید' (confirmation bias) or 'سوگیری ناخودآگاه' (unconscious bias). You understand how bias functions systemically and can articulate these concepts in Persian. You can seamlessly integrate adjectives to describe the bias, such as 'سوگیری سیستماتیک' (systemic bias) or 'سوگیری نهادینه شده' (institutionalized bias). You are also comfortable using the adjectival form 'سوگیرانه' in formal contexts, such as 'گزارش سوگیرانه' (a biased report). At this level, you can analyze complex texts, identify the author's underlying 'سوگیری', and critique their methodology or perspective using precise terminology. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool you use to dissect information, deconstruct arguments, and engage with Persian intellectual discourse at a high level.
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At the C2 level, you have essentially native or bilingual proficiency. You can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. You can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Your understanding of 'سوگیری' encompasses its epistemological and ontological implications in academic research, legal frameworks, and socio-political paradigms. You can debate the inevitability of 'سوگیری' in human cognition and the structural biases inherent in language itself. You use the term effortlessly in complex passive structures and academic prose, such as discussing how 'سوگیری‌های روش‌شناختی نتایج تحقیق را مخدوش می‌سازد' (methodological biases confound the research results). You are adept at parsing the subtle, often unstated biases in political rhetoric and can articulate these observations with eloquence and precision. At this mastery level, 'سوگیری' is a foundational concept in your critical thinking arsenal, allowing you to engage in the highest levels of Persian academic, literary, and professional discourse without hesitation.
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Beispiele
The Persian word 'سوگیری' (pronounced soo-gee-ree) is a highly significant and frequently used noun in both contemporary spoken and written Persian. It directly translates to 'bias', 'prejudice', or 'partiality' in English. To truly understand its meaning, we must delve into its etymological roots. The word is a compound formed from 'سو' (soo), which means 'direction', 'side', or 'orientation', and 'گیری' (gee-ree), which is derived from the infinitive 'گرفتن' (gereftan), meaning 'to take' or 'to catch'. Therefore, the literal translation of 'سوگیری' is 'taking a side' or 'direction-taking'. In modern usage, it refers to the psychological, sociological, or institutional tendency to prefer one person, group, idea, or thing over another in a way that is usually considered unfair or disproportionate. This concept is fundamental in discussions ranging from personal psychology to mass media and academic research.
Cognitive Bias
In psychology, 'سوگیری شناختی' refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, where inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion.
When people use this word in everyday conversation, they are often pointing out that someone is not being objective. For instance, if a referee in a football match seems to favor one team, Iranian fans might accuse the referee of having 'سوگیری'.

داور در این مسابقه به وضوح سوگیری داشت.

Furthermore, the term has gained immense popularity in the context of news and journalism. Media bias, or 'سوگیری رسانه‌ای', is a hot topic in Iran, just as it is globally. When a news outlet consistently portrays a specific political faction in a negative light while ignoring the flaws of another, analysts will critique this 'سوگیری'.

اخبار شبکه‌های اجتماعی پر از سوگیری است.

Media Bias
This describes the bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered.
Beyond media and sports, 'سوگیری' is prevalent in the workplace and social settings. Gender bias ('سوگیری جنسیتی') and racial bias ('سوگیری نژادی') are terms increasingly used in sociological discourse within Persian-speaking communities to address systemic inequalities.

ما باید با سوگیری جنسیتی در محیط کار مبارزه کنیم.

It is important to note that while 'سوگیری' can sometimes be neutral (e.g., a statistical bias), in common parlance, it carries a negative connotation. It implies a lack of fairness, objectivity, and truthfulness. People value neutrality ('بی‌طرفی'), and the presence of 'سوگیری' is seen as a deviation from that ideal state.

تحقیقات علمی باید بدون هیچ‌گونه سوگیری انجام شود.

Confirmation Bias
Known in Persian as 'سوگیری تایید', this is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values.
Understanding this word allows learners to engage in deeper, more meaningful conversations about society, human nature, and truth. Whether you are analyzing a political debate, discussing a psychological study, or simply evaluating a friend's one-sided story, 'سوگیری' is the precise and powerful word you need to articulate the concept of bias.

همه انسان‌ها در تصمیم‌گیری‌های خود درجاتی از سوگیری را دارند.

Mastering its use will significantly elevate your Persian fluency and comprehension, especially when reading editorials or listening to analytical podcasts.
Using 'سوگیری' correctly in Persian sentences requires an understanding of its collocations, prepositional pairings, and the verbs it most commonly associates with. As a noun, it functions similarly to 'bias' in English, meaning it can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb, or part of a prepositional phrase. The most common verbs used with 'سوگیری' are 'داشتن' (to have), 'نشان دادن' (to show), 'ایجاد کردن' (to create), and 'جلوگیری کردن' (to prevent/avoid). When you want to say someone is biased, you literally say they 'have bias'.

مدیر جدید در استخدام کارمندان سوگیری دارد.

Preposition 'نسبت به'
When expressing what the bias is directed towards, the preposition 'نسبت به' (towards/regarding) is frequently used. For example, 'سوگیری نسبت به زنان' (bias against/towards women).
Let us look at how to specify the direction of the bias. If you want to explicitly state that the bias is negative (prejudice against), you use 'علیه' (against).

گزارشگر سوگیری شدیدی علیه دولت داشت.

Conversely, if the bias is positive (favoritism), you use 'به نفع' (in favor of).

قاضی نباید هیچ‌گونه سوگیری به نفع متهم داشته باشد.

Adjective Modification
'سوگیری' is often modified by adjectives to describe the type or intensity of the bias. Common adjectives include 'شدید' (severe/strong), 'آشکار' (obvious/blatant), 'پنهان' (hidden/implicit), and 'ناخودآگاه' (unconscious).
You will often encounter 'سوگیری' in compound phrases linked by the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound connecting words). For example, 'سوگیریِ شناختی' (cognitive bias), 'سوگیریِ رسانه‌ای' (media bias), and 'سوگیریِ فرهنگی' (cultural bias). These structures are essential for academic and formal discussions.

آگاهی از سوگیری‌های ناخودآگاه اولین قدم برای رفع آن‌هاست.

In passive constructions or formal writing, you might see the verb 'صورت گرفتن' (to take place) or 'انجام شدن' (to be done) used with 'بدون سوگیری'. For example, 'تحقیقات باید بدون سوگیری انجام شود' (Research must be conducted without bias).

این مقاله با یک سوگیری سیاسی خاص نوشته شده است.

Verb 'دچار شدن'
Another sophisticated way to use this word is with the verb 'دچار شدن' (to suffer from / to be afflicted by). 'دچار سوگیری شدن' means to fall into the trap of bias or to become biased.
By mastering these sentence structures, you will be able to articulate complex thoughts about fairness, objectivity, and prejudice in Persian with the fluency of a native speaker. Remember to pay attention to the prepositions and verbs that accompany 'سوگیری' to ensure your sentences sound natural and precise.
The word 'سوگیری' is not confined to dusty dictionaries; it is a vibrant, active part of the modern Persian lexicon, encountered across various domains of daily and professional life. Its usage has surged in recent decades, aligning with global conversations about media literacy, psychology, and social justice. One of the most prominent places you will hear 'سوگیری' is in news analysis and political commentary. Iranian journalists, political analysts, and commentators frequently use this term to critique rival publications, foreign media, or opposing political factions.
Political Debates
During election seasons or major political events, accusations of 'سوگیری' are exchanged freely among candidates and media outlets, highlighting a lack of impartiality.

تحلیلگر تلویزیون به دلیل سوگیری آشکارش مورد انتقاد قرار گرفت.

Another major domain where 'سوگیری' thrives is academia, particularly in the social sciences, psychology, and statistics. University professors and researchers use it to discuss methodological flaws, cognitive distortions, and the limitations of human perception. Concepts like 'سوگیری بازماندگی' (survivorship bias) or 'سوگیری لنگر انداختن' (anchoring bias) are standard terminology in Iranian universities.

دانشجویان روانشناسی باید انواع سوگیری‌های شناختی را بشناسند.

Scientific Research
In research methodology, ensuring a study is free from 'سوگیری' is paramount. Researchers must document how they mitigated potential biases in their data collection.
Social media platforms, such as Twitter (X) and Instagram, are also fertile ground for this word. Iranian netizens are highly engaged in social critique, often pointing out 'سوگیری' in algorithms, influencer behavior, or societal norms. When a viral incident occurs, users will analyze the public reaction, frequently calling out the 'سوگیری' of those who judge the situation unfairly based on gender, class, or ethnicity.

الگوریتم‌های شبکه‌های اجتماعی دارای سوگیری هستند و محتوای خاصی را ترویج می‌کنند.

In the corporate world and human resources, 'سوگیری' is discussed during recruitment and performance evaluations. Progressive companies in Iran conduct training to eliminate 'سوگیری ناخودآگاه' (unconscious bias) during interviews, ensuring fair hiring practices.

مصاحبه‌کنندگان آموزش دیده‌اند تا از سوگیری در انتخاب نامزدها جلوگیری کنند.

Everyday Conversations
Even in informal settings, if someone is stubbornly defending a friend despite clear evidence of wrongdoing, you might tell them their judgment is clouded by 'سوگیری'.
Finally, in the realm of sports, fans and commentators use 'سوگیری' to describe questionable refereeing or biased sports journalism. If a sports newspaper only praises one team in the Tehran derby (Esteghlal vs. Persepolis), fans of the other team will loudly condemn the paper's 'سوگیری'.

طرفداران معتقدند که برنامه‌های ورزشی تلویزیون سوگیری رنگی دارند.

Understanding the diverse contexts in which 'سوگیری' appears will greatly enhance your cultural and linguistic immersion in the Persian-speaking world.
While 'سوگیری' is an incredibly useful word, English speakers learning Persian often make a few specific errors regarding its grammar, collocations, and semantic boundaries. The most frequent mistake involves treating 'سوگیری' as an adjective rather than a noun. In English, we often say 'He is biased.' A direct, incorrect translation might lead a learner to say 'او سوگیری است' (He is bias), which is grammatically incorrect in Persian.
Noun vs. Adjective
'سوگیری' is strictly a noun. To say someone is biased, you must use a verb like 'داشتن' (to have). You say 'او سوگیری دارد' (He has bias).

اشتباه: این مقاله سوگیری است. درست: این مقاله سوگیری دارد.

Another common pitfall is the misuse of prepositions. In English, we say 'biased against' or 'biased towards'. Learners sometimes translate 'against' as 'ضد' and 'towards' as 'به سمت', resulting in unnatural phrasing like 'سوگیری ضد او'. While not entirely incomprehensible, it is not native-like. The correct prepositions are 'علیه' (against) or 'نسبت به' (regarding/towards).

مراقب باشید که در قضاوت خود سوگیری علیه اقلیت‌ها نداشته باشید.

Semantic Confusion
Learners often confuse 'سوگیری' (bias) with 'تبعیض' (discrimination). While related, they are distinct. Bias is the internal attitude or cognitive distortion; discrimination is the external action or policy based on that bias.

سوگیری ذهنی می‌تواند منجر به تبعیض در عمل شود.

Furthermore, some learners try to use 'سوگیری' as a verb by attaching 'کردن' (to do) directly to it, saying 'او به من سوگیری کرد' (He biased to me). This is highly unnatural. The correct phrasing is 'او نسبت به من سوگیری داشت' (He had a bias towards me) or 'او با سوگیری با من رفتار کرد' (He treated me with bias).

استاد در نمره‌دهی هیچ‌گونه سوگیری نشان نداد.

Pronunciation Error
A minor but noticeable mistake is mispronouncing the vowels. It is 'soo-gee-ree', with long 'ee' sounds. Shortening the vowels makes it sound like 'so-ge-ri', which can disrupt the flow of speech.
By avoiding these common errors—remembering that it is a noun, using the correct prepositions like 'علیه' and 'نسبت به', distinguishing it from 'تبعیض', and pronouncing it with the proper long vowels—you will ensure your use of 'سوگیری' is both accurate and sophisticated.

برای یک محقق، رهایی کامل از سوگیری تقریباً غیرممکن است، اما باید تلاش کرد.

Mastery of these nuances separates a B1 learner from a solid B2 or C1 speaker.
The Persian language is rich in vocabulary related to judgment, prejudice, and perspective. While 'سوگیری' is the most accurate translation for the modern, clinical, or academic concept of 'bias', several other words share similar semantic space. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the exact right word for your context. The most common synonym is 'تعصب' (ta'assob).
تعصب (Ta'assob)
This word translates to 'prejudice', 'fanaticism', or 'zealotry'. While 'سوگیری' can be subtle, unconscious, or statistical, 'تعصب' implies a strong, often aggressive, and deeply ingrained irrational belief or loyalty, usually regarding religion, race, or sports.

او با تعصب کورکورانه حرف می‌زند، نه فقط یک سوگیری ساده.

Another related term is 'پیش‌داوری' (pish-davari).
پیش‌داوری (Pish-davari)
This literally means 'pre-judging' or 'prejudice'. It is used when someone forms an opinion about a person or situation before having all the facts. It is very close to 'سوگیری' but focuses specifically on the act of judging prematurely.

پیش‌داوری‌های او باعث شد که نتواند واقعیت را ببیند و دچار سوگیری شود.

Additionally, there is 'غرض' (gharaz) or 'غرض‌ورزی' (gharaz-varzi).
غرض‌ورزی (Gharaz-varzi)
This implies a malicious intent or a hidden, selfish motive. If a journalist writes a negative article because they personally hate the subject, that is 'غرض‌ورزی'. 'سوگیری' does not always imply malice; it can be an honest cognitive mistake.

انتقادات او از روی غرض‌ورزی بود، نه یک سوگیری علمی.

For concepts like 'one-sidedness', you can use 'یک‌جانبه‌گرایی' (yek-janebe-gerayi) or 'یک‌طرفه‌نگری' (yek-tarafe-negari). These highlight the act of only looking at one side of an argument.

گزارش این شبکه خبری پر از یک‌طرفه‌نگری و سوگیری است.

Finally, if you want to express the opposite of 'سوگیری', you would use words like 'بی‌طرفی' (neutrality/impartiality), 'انصاف' (fairness), or 'عینیت' (objectivity). A judge must possess 'بی‌طرفی', and a scientist must strive for 'عینیت'.

ما باید در قضاوت‌های خود بی‌طرفی را حفظ کنیم و از سوگیری بپرهیزیم.

By mastering this web of related vocabulary, you can precisely convey the exact shade of meaning you intend, whether it is an innocent cognitive bias, an aggressive prejudice, or a malicious hidden agenda.
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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

این سوگیری است.

This is bias.

Basic subject-verb sentence using 'است' (is).

2

سوگیری بد است.

Bias is bad.

Using an adjective 'بد' (bad) to describe the noun.

3

من سوگیری را دوست ندارم.

I do not like bias.

Using the object marker 'را' with a negative verb.

4

او سوگیری دارد.

He/She has bias.

Using the verb 'داشتن' (to have).

5

داور سوگیری دارد.

The referee has bias.

Simple sentence with a common noun subject.

6

اخبار سوگیری دارد.

The news has bias.

Using plural noun 'اخبار' with singular verb in Persian.

7

این کار سوگیری است.

This action is bias.

Using 'کار' (action/work) as the subject.

8

سوگیری نکن.

Don't be biased. (Don't do bias)

Informal negative imperative.

1

من فکر می‌کنم این اخبار سوگیری دارد.

I think this news has bias.

Using 'فکر می‌کنم' (I think) to express an opinion.

2

معلم نباید سوگیری داشته باشد.

A teacher should not have bias.

Using 'نباید' (should not) with the subjunctive 'داشته باشد'.

3

آنها با سوگیری بازی کردند.

They played with bias.

Using the preposition 'با' (with).

4

سوگیری در ورزش خیلی بد است.

Bias in sports is very bad.

Using a prepositional phrase 'در ورزش' (in sports).

5

شما نسبت به او سوگیری دارید.

You have a bias towards him/her.

Introduction of the preposition 'نسبت به' (towards).

6

این تصمیم بدون سوگیری بود.

This decision was without bias.

Using 'بدون' (without).

7

چرا سوگیری می‌کنی؟

Why are you being biased?

Question format using 'چرا' (why).

8

مردم از سوگیری خوششان نمی‌آید.

People do not like bias.

Using the complex verb 'خوش آمدن' (to like).

1

ما باید تلاش کنیم که از سوگیری جلوگیری کنیم.

We must try to prevent bias.

Using modal 'باید' and subjunctive 'جلوگیری کنیم'.

2

سوگیری رسانه‌ای باعث می‌شود مردم حقیقت را نبینند.

Media bias causes people not to see the truth.

Using 'باعث می‌شود' (causes) + subjunctive.

3

در این مقاله، نویسنده سوگیری سیاسی خود را نشان داد.

In this article, the author showed his political bias.

Compound noun 'سوگیری سیاسی' and past tense verb.

4

قاضی باید کاملاً بی‌طرف باشد و هیچ سوگیری نداشته باشد.

A judge must be completely neutral and have no bias.

Connecting two clauses with 'و' (and).

5

تشخیص سوگیری در اخبار گاهی اوقات بسیار دشوار است.

Detecting bias in the news is sometimes very difficult.

Using an infinitive 'تشخیص' (detecting) as the subject.

6

او به دلیل سوگیری در مصاحبه شغلی رد شد.

He was rejected due to bias in the job interview.

Passive voice 'رد شد' (was rejected).

7

سوگیری جنسیتی در محیط کار یک مشکل بزرگ است.

Gender bias in the workplace is a big problem.

Using the specific term 'سوگیری جنسیتی'.

8

من سعی می‌کنم بدون سوگیری به این موضوع نگاه کنم.

I try to look at this issue without bias.

Using 'سعی می‌کنم' (I try) + subjunctive.

1

سوگیری شناختی می‌تواند بر تصمیم‌گیری‌های مالی ما تأثیر منفی بگذارد.

Cognitive bias can negatively affect our financial decisions.

Using 'می‌تواند' + subjunctive 'تأثیر بگذارد'.

2

منتقدان معتقدند که این شبکه خبری دارای سوگیری آشکار به نفع دولت است.

Critics believe that this news network has an obvious bias in favor of the government.

Complex sentence with 'دارای' and preposition 'به نفع'.

3

برای انجام یک تحقیق علمی معتبر، حذف هرگونه سوگیری الزامی است.

To conduct valid scientific research, eliminating any bias is mandatory.

Formal structure using 'الزامی است'.

4

الگوریتم‌های شبکه‌های اجتماعی غالباً سوگیری‌های موجود در جامعه را تشدید می‌کنند.

Social media algorithms often exacerbate the biases existing in society.

Using plural 'سوگیری‌ها' and verb 'تشدید می‌کنند'.

5

آگاهی از سوگیری‌های ناخودآگاه اولین قدم برای ایجاد یک محیط کار برابر است.

Awareness of unconscious biases is the first step to creating an equal workplace.

Using the compound adjective 'ناخودآگاه'.

6

گزارشگر سعی کرد بی‌طرف بماند، اما سوگیری او در انتخاب کلمات مشهود بود.

The reporter tried to remain neutral, but his bias was evident in his choice of words.

Contrastive sentence using 'اما' (but).

7

سوگیری تایید باعث می‌شود ما فقط اطلاعاتی را بپذیریم که باورهای قبلی ما را تایید می‌کنند.

Confirmation bias causes us to only accept information that confirms our prior beliefs.

Complex sentence with relative clause 'که باورهای...'.

8

مدیران باید آموزش ببینند تا از سوگیری در ارزیابی عملکرد کارکنان جلوگیری کنند.

Managers must be trained to prevent bias in evaluating employee performance.

Purpose clause using 'تا' (in order to).

1

سوگیری‌های روش‌شناختی در این پژوهش، اعتبار نتایج به دست آمده را به شدت مخدوش می‌سازد.

Methodological biases in this research severely compromise the validity of the obtained results.

Highly formal vocabulary 'مخدوش می‌سازد'.

2

مفهوم سوگیری نهادینه شده به ساختارهایی اشاره دارد که به طور سیستماتیک گروه‌های خاصی را به حاشیه می‌رانند.

The concept of institutionalized bias refers to structures that systematically marginalize specific groups.

Advanced sociological terminology and complex syntax.

3

در تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، هدف افشای سوگیری‌های پنهانی است که در پس‌زمینه متون رسانه‌ای نهفته‌اند.

In critical discourse analysis, the goal is to expose the hidden biases that lie in the background of media texts.

Academic phrasing 'نهفته‌اند' (lie hidden).

4

غلبه بر سوگیری بازماندگی مستلزم بررسی دقیق داده‌هایی است که از نمونه آماری حذف شده‌اند.

Overcoming survivorship bias requires careful examination of the data that have been excluded from the statistical sample.

Using specific academic term 'سوگیری بازماندگی'.

5

سیاست‌گذاران باید پیامدهای ناخواسته ناشی از سوگیری‌های الگوریتمی در سیستم‌های هوش مصنوعی را در نظر بگیرند.

Policymakers must consider the unintended consequences arising from algorithmic biases in artificial intelligence systems.

Complex noun phrase 'پیامدهای ناخواسته ناشی از...'.

6

روایت‌های تاریخی غالباً آغشته به سوگیری‌های فاتحان هستند و صدای اقلیت‌ها را نادیده می‌گیرند.

Historical narratives are often imbued with the biases of the conquerors and ignore the voices of minorities.

Literary adjective 'آغشته به' (imbued with).

7

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