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A2 adjective #2,000 am häufigsten 7 Min. Lesezeit

تیز

tiz
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Erklärung تیز in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'tiz' in its most basic physical sense: 'sharp'. You will use it to describe everyday objects like a knife (chāqu) or a pencil (medād). You should be able to say 'The knife is sharp' or 'I need a sharp pencil'. It's a simple descriptive word for physical properties. You might also encounter it in very basic descriptions of speed, like 'going fast', but focus on the physical edge first. The grammar is simple: [Noun] + [tiz] + [ast].
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'tiz' in more common daily expressions. You learn to use the compound verb 'tiz kardan' (to sharpen). You also start to see 'tiz' applied to the senses, such as 'buy-e tiz' (a sharp/strong smell). You should be able to understand the word when used to describe a smart person in a simple way, like 'He is very sharp' (u kheyli tiz ast). You are also expected to use the comparative 'tiz-tar' to compare two objects, like two different knives in a kitchen.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the metaphorical uses of 'tiz'. This includes 'tiz-hush' (intelligent) and 'tiz-bin' (observant). You will encounter 'tiz' in more varied contexts, such as describing a sharp turn in the road or a sharp pain. You should be able to distinguish between 'tiz' and 'tond' (fast/spicy) in most situations. Your vocabulary should include common collocations like 'tiz kardan-e dandan' (to sharpen teeth/prepare for something) and you should be able to use the word in more complex sentence structures involving subordinate clauses.
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At the B2 level, you understand the nuances of 'tiz' in professional and literary contexts. You can use it to describe a 'sharp' critique or a 'sharp' contrast in an argument. You are familiar with its use in media and news, such as describing 'sharp eyes' of investigators. You can handle the word in various registers, knowing when it's used as slang for 'fast' and when it's used formally to mean 'acute'. You also start to recognize 'tiz' in common idioms and can use them appropriately in conversation to sound more natural.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'tiz' and its historical/literary roots. You can appreciate its use in classical Persian poetry (like Rumi or Hafez) where it might describe the 'sharpness' of a spiritual insight or the 'piercing' nature of divine love. You can use the word with precision in academic writing to describe 'acute' problems or 'sharp' distinctions between theories. Your use of 'tiz' in idioms is fluid, and you understand the subtle connotations it carries in different social classes or regional dialects of Iran.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'tiz'. You can use it to convey subtle irony or sarcasm. You understand all its archaic, technical, and slang variations. You can discuss the etymology of the word and its relationship to other Indo-European roots. You can effortlessly switch between its many meanings—from the physical to the metaphysical—in a single conversation or a complex piece of writing. You are also aware of how 'tiz' is used in specific professional jargons, such as in medicine (acute pain) or engineering (sharp angles).
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تیز in 30 Sekunden

  • Tiz primarily means 'sharp' like a knife edge.
  • It describes intelligent people as 'sharp-witted'.
  • It refers to pungent smells or very bright colors.
  • It is used in compound verbs like 'tiz kardan' (to sharpen).

The Persian word تیز (pronounced /tiz/) is a versatile adjective that primarily describes physical sharpness, but its semantic range extends far into the realms of sensory perception, intellectual capacity, and even speed. At its core, it refers to an object having a fine edge or a pointed end capable of cutting or piercing. However, in the rich tapestry of the Persian language, tiz is used to describe anything that is 'keen' or 'acute'. This includes a sharp mind, a pungent smell, a bright color, or a quick movement. Understanding tiz requires looking beyond the blade of a knife and into how Iranians perceive intensity and precision in everyday life.

Physical Sharpness
Refers to tools like knives (چاقو), scissors (قیچی), or needles (سوزن) that have been honed to a fine edge.
Intellectual Sharpness
Describes a person who is quick-witted, observant, or highly intelligent (هوش تیز).
Sensory Intensity
Used for smells that are pungent (بوی تیز) or tastes that are sharp/spicy, though 'tond' is more common for spicy food.

مواظب باش، لبه‌ی این کاغذ خیلی تیز است. (Be careful, the edge of this paper is very sharp.)

In a metaphorical sense, tiz is often paired with 'eyes' (چشم) or 'ears' (گوش) to describe someone with exceptional observational skills. If someone has 'sharp eyes' (چشم‌های تیز), they notice small details that others might miss. This usage is common in literature and daily conversation to praise someone's alertness. Furthermore, in certain colloquial contexts, tiz can imply speed, similar to the word 'tond' (تند), especially when describing a quick getaway or a fast-moving vehicle.

او هوش بسیار تیزی دارد و مسائل را سریع می‌فهمد. (He has a very sharp intelligence and understands issues quickly.)

Visual Sharpness
Describes high-contrast or very bright colors that 'pierce' the vision.
Auditory Sharpness
Refers to high-pitched or piercing sounds that are uncomfortable to the ear.

سگ‌ها گوش‌های تیزی دارند و صداهای دور را می‌شنوند. (Dogs have sharp ears and hear distant sounds.)

این سرکه بوی تیزی دارد. (This vinegar has a sharp/pungent smell.)

مدادش را با مدادتراش تیز کرد. (He sharpened his pencil with a pencil sharpener.)

Using تیز correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and its common collocations. In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the Ezafe construction (the short 'e' sound). For example, 'a sharp knife' is chāqu-ye tiz. However, tiz can also function as a predicate adjective, as in 'The knife is sharp' (chāqu tiz ast).

1. Physical Objects

When describing tools, tiz is the standard word. It is used with objects like blades, needles, and glass shards. To describe the act of sharpening, we use the compound verb تیز کردن (tiz kardan). Conversely, to become sharp, we use تیز شدن (tiz shodan).

  • تیز کردن چاقو: Sharpening a knife.
  • تیز کردن مداد: Sharpening a pencil.
  • تیز کردن دندان: (Metaphorical) To set one's sights on something/prepare for a fight.

2. Describing People

When applied to people, tiz is almost always a compliment regarding their cognitive speed. It is often combined with nouns like hush (intelligence) or zehn (mind). A person who is 'tiz-bin' (تیزبین) is someone who is observant or has 'sharp vision' in a metaphorical sense (insightful).

3. Sensory Applications

For smells, tiz describes pungency. Think of vinegar, ammonia, or strong perfume. For colors, it describes those that are vivid or neon-like, which can be 'sharp' to the eyes. In terms of sound, a 'tiz' sound is high-pitched or shrill.

4. Comparative and Superlative

Like most Persian adjectives, you can form the comparative by adding -tar and the superlative by adding -tarin.

  • تیزتر (tiz-tar): Sharper.
  • تیزترین (tiz-tarin): Sharpest.

Example: In chāqu az ān chāqu tiz-tar ast. (This knife is sharper than that knife.)

The word تیز is ubiquitous in Iranian life, appearing in various registers from the domestic to the professional. You will encounter it in the following common scenarios:

In the Kitchen (آشپزخانه)

This is perhaps the most common place to hear tiz. Cooks will frequently discuss the sharpness of their knives. You might hear: "In chāqu aslan tiz nist" (This knife isn't sharp at all). It's a fundamental word for anyone involved in food preparation.

In Schools and Academic Settings

Teachers often use tiz to describe bright students. The term تیزهوشان (Tiz-hushān) refers to 'Gifted and Talented' students. There is even a famous organization in Iran called SAMPAD that manages 'Tiz-hushān' schools. If a teacher says a student is tiz, they mean the student catches on very quickly.

In the Bazaar and Workshops

Craftsmen, tailors, and carpenters use tiz to describe their tools. A tailor might complain that their scissors are no longer tiz. In the bazaar, you might hear a spice seller describe a particular vinegar or spice as having a buy-e tiz (sharp smell).

In Driving and Traffic

In colloquial Persian, tiz is sometimes used to describe a driver who is quick or aggressive in navigating traffic. "Tiz mirune" (He drives sharply/fast) implies a level of skill and speed combined with quick maneuvers.

In Literature and Media

Journalists might use tiz to describe a 'sharp' critique or a 'sharp' eye for detail in an investigative report. In poetry, it describes the piercing nature of a glance or the sharpness of a sword in an epic battle.

While تیز is a relatively straightforward word, learners often confuse it with other adjectives that share similar English translations. Here are the most common pitfalls:

1. Tiz vs. Tond (تند)

This is the most frequent confusion. In English, 'sharp' and 'fast' are distinct, but 'sharp' and 'spicy' can overlap. In Persian:

  • Tiz is for physical sharpness (knife) or pungency (smell).
  • Tond is for speed (fast) or spiciness (chili pepper).

Mistake: Calling a chili pepper 'tiz'. While understandable, 'tond' is the correct term for spicy heat.

2. Tiz vs. Borandeh (برنده)

Borandeh specifically means 'cutting'. While a tiz knife is usually borandeh, tiz describes the state of the edge, while borandeh describes the capability or action. You wouldn't call a smart person 'borandeh', only 'tiz'.

3. Misusing 'Tiz' for 'Zaki' (ذکی)

In very formal or archaic Persian, 'Zaki' means sharp-witted. Learners might try to use 'tiz' in extremely formal literature where a more specialized word is required, though 'tiz-hush' is perfectly acceptable in 99% of modern contexts.

4. Overusing 'Tiz' for Speed

While 'tiz' can mean fast in slang, using it in a formal essay to mean 'rapid' (sari') is a mistake. Stick to sari' (سریع) or tond (تند) for speed in formal writing.

To truly master تیز, it helps to understand its synonyms and related terms that occupy the same semantic space.

1. برنده (Borandeh)

Meaning 'cutting' or 'incisive'. This is used specifically for things that cut well. A razor is borandeh. It is less about the point and more about the edge's effectiveness.

2. تند (Tond)

Meaning 'fast', 'sharp' (in taste), or 'harsh'. As mentioned, tond overlaps with tiz in the sense of intensity. A 'tond' wind is a sharp, biting wind.

3. هوشیار (Hoshyār)

Meaning 'alert' or 'vigilant'. While tiz describes the innate capacity of the mind, hoshyār describes the state of being awake and aware. A 'tiz' person is usually 'hoshyār'.

4. زرنگ (Zerang)

Meaning 'clever', 'smart', or 'cunning'. This is the most common colloquial synonym for a 'tiz' person. If someone is 'tiz o zerang', they are both quick-witted and resourceful.

5. نوک‌تیز (Nok-tiz)

Meaning 'pointed' or 'sharp-tipped'. This is a compound word specifically used for things like pencils, needles, or mountain peaks where the sharpness is at the very tip.

6. برا (Barrā)

A more literary or emphatic word for 'sharp' and 'cutting', often used for swords in historical contexts.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe construction

Compound verbs with 'kardan'

Adjective comparison (-tar, -tarin)

Predicate adjectives

Intensifiers (kheyli, bisyar)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

این چاقو تیز است.

This knife is sharp.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

2

مداد من تیز نیست.

My pencil is not sharp.

Negative form using 'nist'.

3

او یک مداد تیز دارد.

He has a sharp pencil.

Adjective following the noun with Ezafe.

4

آیا این قیچی تیز است؟

Is these scissors sharp?

Interrogative sentence.

5

سوزن خیلی تیز است.

The needle is very sharp.

Use of 'kheyli' (very) as an intensifier.

6

چاقوی تیز کجاست؟

Where is the sharp knife?

Ezafe construction 'chāqu-ye tiz'.

7

این شیشه تیز است.

This glass is sharp.

Describing a dangerous object.

8

او چاقو را تیز کرد.

He sharpened the knife.

Simple past of the compound verb 'tiz kardan'.

1

این فلفل بوی تیزی دارد.

This pepper has a sharp smell.

Sensory usage for smell.

2

او پسر خیلی تیزی است.

He is a very sharp (smart) boy.

Metaphorical use for intelligence.

3

باید چاقو را تیزتر کنیم.

We must make the knife sharper.

Comparative form 'tiz-tar'.

4

سرکه بوی تیزی می‌دهد.

Vinegar gives off a sharp smell.

Common collocation with 'buy' (smell).

5

گربه دندان‌های تیزی دارد.

The cat has sharp teeth.

Plural noun with adjective.

6

این رنگ برای اتاق خیلی تیز است.

This color is too sharp (bright) for the room.

Usage for visual intensity.

7

او با یک حرکت تیز فرار کرد.

He escaped with a quick/sharp movement.

Usage for speed/suddenness.

8

تیزترین چاقو را به من بده.

Give me the sharpest knife.

Superlative form 'tiz-tarin'.

1

او نگاه تیزی به من انداخت.

He gave me a sharp look.

Describing a facial expression.

2

سگ‌ها گوش‌های بسیار تیزی دارند.

Dogs have very sharp (keen) ears.

Keenness of senses.

3

این یک نقد تیز و تند بود.

This was a sharp and biting critique.

Paired with 'tond' for emphasis.

4

او در ریاضیات بسیار تیز است.

He is very sharp in mathematics.

Context-specific intelligence.

5

مواظب باش، لبه‌ی میز تیز است.

Watch out, the edge of the table is sharp.

Safety warning.

6

او همیشه سوالات تیزی می‌پرسد.

He always asks sharp (incisive) questions.

Describing intellectual curiosity.

7

بوی تیز شوینده چشمم را سوزاند.

The sharp smell of the cleaner burned my eyes.

Describing chemical intensity.

8

او برای این کار دندان تیز کرده است.

He has sharpened his teeth (set his sights) for this job.

Idiomatic usage.

1

ذهن تیز او به سرعت راه حل را پیدا کرد.

His sharp mind quickly found the solution.

Abstract noun 'zehn' (mind).

2

او یک نویسنده‌ی تیزبین است.

He is an observant/insightful writer.

Compound adjective 'tiz-bin'.

3

صدای تیز آژیر همه را بیدار کرد.

The sharp sound of the siren woke everyone up.

Auditory intensity.

4

اختلاف طبقاتی در این شهر بسیار تیز است.

The class difference in this city is very sharp (stark).

Describing social contrast.

5

او با تیزی تمام به سوالات پاسخ داد.

He answered the questions with total sharpness/acuteness.

Noun form 'tizi' (sharpness).

6

تیزی لبه‌ی شیشه باعث بریدگی شد.

The sharpness of the glass edge caused a cut.

Using 'tizi' as the subject.

7

او در تشخیص جزئیات بسیار تیز است.

He is very sharp in detecting details.

Precision in perception.

8

این دارو طعم تیزی دارد.

This medicine has a sharp (harsh) taste.

Describing unpleasant taste.

1

قلم تیز او لرزه بر اندام حاکمان انداخت.

His sharp pen made the rulers tremble.

Metaphor for powerful writing.

2

درد تیزی در قفسه سینه‌اش احساس کرد.

He felt a sharp pain in his chest.

Medical context: acute pain.

3

او با ذکاوتی تیز، فریب آن‌ها را فهمید.

With sharp wit, he realized their deception.

Formal word 'zakāvat' (wit).

4

این تحلیل، زوایای تیز مسئله را روشن کرد.

This analysis clarified the sharp angles (complexities) of the issue.

Abstract complexity.

5

تیزی باد زمستانی صورتش را می‌خراشید.

The sharpness of the winter wind scratched his face.

Personification of weather.

6

او چشمان تیزی برای یافتن اشتباهات دارد.

He has sharp eyes for finding mistakes.

Idiomatic 'sharp eyes'.

7

سخنان تیز او جو جلسه را متشنج کرد.

His sharp words made the meeting atmosphere tense.

Describing verbal aggression.

8

تیزی هوش او در این سن کم خیره‌کننده است.

The sharpness of his intelligence at this young age is stunning.

Emphasis on 'tizi-ye hush'.

1

تیغ تیز انتقاد او هیچ‌کس را امان نداد.

The sharp blade of his criticism spared no one.

High literary metaphor.

2

او در لبه‌ی تیز تکنولوژی حرکت می‌کند.

He moves on the sharp edge (cutting edge) of technology.

Modern idiom: cutting edge.

3

تیزی ادراک او فراتر از درک اطرافیان بود.

The sharpness of his perception was beyond the understanding of those around him.

Philosophical context.

4

او با بیانی تیز و گزنده، حقایق را بازگو کرد.

With a sharp and biting expression, he recounted the truths.

Pairing 'tiz' with 'gozandeh' (biting).

5

در آن لحظه، تیزبینی او جانشان را نجات داد.

At that moment, his sharp-sightedness saved their lives.

Compound noun as a savior quality.

6

تیزی این تضاد، عمق فاجعه را نشان می‌دهد.

The sharpness of this contrast shows the depth of the tragedy.

Describing conceptual intensity.

7

او شمّ تیزی در مسائل اقتصادی دارد.

He has a sharp 'scent' (instinct) in economic matters.

Using 'shamm' (sense of smell/instinct).

8

تیزی نگاهش گویی تا اعماق روح نفوذ می‌کرد.

The sharpness of his gaze seemed to penetrate to the depths of the soul.

Poetic/Mystical usage.

Häufige Kollokationen

چاقوی تیز
هوش تیز
بوی تیز
گوش تیز
چشم تیز
تیز کردن
تیز شدن
تیزبین
تیزهوش
لبه تیز

Häufige Phrasen

تیز و بز
تیز کردن دندان
تیز کردن گوش
تیز کردن چاقو
تیز نگاه کردن
ذهن تیز
تیز رفتن
تیز بودن
تیز و تند
تیز فهمیدن

Wird oft verwechselt mit

تیز vs تند (Tond)

تیز vs برنده (Borandeh)

تیز vs سریع (Sari')

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"دندان تیز کردن (To set one's sights on something greedily)"
"گوش تیز کردن (To listen very carefully/eavesdrop)"
"تیز و بز (Quick and agile)"
"تیز کردن چاقو برای کسی (To prepare to attack or confront someone)"
"چشم تیز داشتن (To be very observant)"
"تیز پریدن (To react very quickly)"
"تیز از آب درآمدن (To turn out to be very smart/clever)"
"تیغش تیز است (He has a lot of power/influence)"
"تیز رفتن (To drive or move very fast - colloquial)"
"تیز کردن شاخ (To prepare for a confrontation)"

Leicht verwechselbar

تیز vs تند

Tond is for speed or spiciness; Tiz is for sharpness or pungency.

تیز vs برنده

Borandeh is 'cutting'; Tiz is 'sharp'. A blunt knife is not tiz, so it's not borandeh.

تیز vs باهوش

Bāhush is generally intelligent; Tiz is specifically quick-witted.

Satzmuster

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Mental

Refers to speed of understanding, not necessarily wisdom.

Sensory

Refers to intensity that 'pierces' the sense.

Physical

Always refers to the ability to cut or pierce.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'tiz' for spicy food instead of 'tond'.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'chāqu-ye tiz'.
  • Using 'tiz' to mean 'wise' (it means 'quick', not necessarily 'wise').
  • Confusing 'tiz' (sharp) with 'tiz' (fart - vulgar slang, avoid).
  • Using 'tiz' for 'fast' in a formal academic paper.

Tipps

Learn the compounds

Words like 'tiz-bin' and 'tiz-hush' are very common and useful.

Ezafe is key

Always remember the 'e' sound when saying 'chāqu-ye tiz'.

School context

Mentioning 'Tiz-hushan' will show you know Iranian culture well.

Warning

Use 'tiz' to warn others about broken glass or sharp tools.

Smell

Use 'tiz' for strong chemicals or vinegar smells.

Speed

In a taxi, you might hear 'tiz boro' meaning 'go fast'.

Precision

Use 'tiz' to describe a specific, acute point in an argument.

Context

If you hear 'tiz' in a kitchen, look at the knives.

Tease

A sharp needle can 'tease' the skin. Tiz = Tease.

Tiz vs Tond

Remember: Tiz is a blade, Tond is a chili.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Middle Persian 'tēž'

Kultureller Kontext

Classical poets use 'tiz' to describe the 'Tigh' (blade) of justice or the 'Nizah' (spear) of a warrior.

The National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents in Iran is colloquially known as 'Tiz-hushan'.

Iranians take pride in having 'tiz' knives for making fine 'Sabzi' (herbs) for stews.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا این چاقو برای بریدن گوشت تیز است؟"

"چطور می‌توانم مدادم را تیز کنم؟"

"به نظر تو او آدم تیزی است؟"

"چرا بوی این پاک‌کننده اینقدر تیز است؟"

"آیا سگ شما گوش‌های تیزی دارد؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Describe a time you met someone very 'tiz' (smart).

Write about the most important 'tiz' tool in your house.

How does a 'tiz' smell affect your mood?

Compare a 'tiz' person with a 'zerang' person.

Describe a sharp mountain peak you have seen.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Usually, 'tond' is used for spicy food. 'Tiz' is used for pungent smells like vinegar.

Yes, when describing a person's mind, it means they are very smart and quick.

It is the term for gifted students and the special schools they attend in Iran.

You use the compound verb 'tiz kardan'.

In colloquial Persian, yes, it can describe a quick movement or fast driving.

Yes, for very bright or high-contrast colors that are intense to look at.

The most common opposite is 'kond' (dull/slow).

Yes, 'dard-e tiz' is the standard way to say sharp or acute pain.

Very often, to describe weapons, looks, or spiritual insights.

It is used in both, but some compound forms are more formal.

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