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B1 verb 8 Min. Lesezeit

खंडन करना

khandan karna
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At the A1 level, 'खंडन करना' (khandan karna) might be a bit too advanced for daily conversation, but it is helpful to understand its basic meaning as 'to say something is wrong'. Imagine you are telling someone that what they said is not true. While at this level you would usually say 'यह गलत है' (This is wrong) or 'नहीं' (No), knowing 'खंडन करना' helps you understand news headlines or formal announcements. It is a 'big word' for saying 'I disagree because you are wrong'. You can think of it as 'breaking' a lie. In simple terms, if someone says 'the sky is green', and you show them it is blue, you are doing a simple 'khandan'. Just remember it is a formal way to say 'that is not true'.
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For A2 learners, 'खंडन करना' is a useful word to recognize in newspapers and on television. At this level, you should start noticing that Hindi has different words for different types of 'no'. You already know 'मना करना' (mana karna) for refusing a gift or an invitation. Now, learn 'खंडन करना' for when someone says something that is factually incorrect. For example, if a friend says you were late, but you have a watch showing you were on time, you are refuting their claim. In sentences, remember to use 'का' (ka). For example: 'उसने मेरी बात का खंडन किया' (He refuted my point). It makes your Hindi sound more serious and precise than just saying 'उसने कहा मैं गलत हूँ' (He said I am wrong).
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'खंडन करना' in your own speaking and writing, especially when discussing opinions or news. This is the level where you move beyond simple sentences and start explaining 'why'. When you use 'खंडन करना', you are signaling that you have reasons or evidence. It is very common in the past tense: 'किया' (kiya). You will encounter it in debates. If you are writing an essay about a social issue, you might say, 'कई लोग इस विचार का खंडन करते हैं' (Many people refute this idea). This level requires you to understand that this verb is used for statements, rumors, allegations, and theories. It is a key vocabulary item for moving into intermediate Hindi fluency.
At the B2 level, you should master the nuances of 'खंडन करना' and its placement in complex sentences. You should be comfortable using it in the passive voice ('खंडन किया गया') and understanding its role in formal arguments. At this stage, you should distinguish it from 'झुठलाना' (to belie) and 'नकारना' (to negate). You will hear it in political speeches where a leader 'khandan' the opposition's charges with specific data. You should also be able to use adverbs to modify it, such as 'तथ्यों के आधार पर खंडन करना' (to refute based on facts). This word is essential for anyone aiming to work in a professional Hindi-speaking environment or study in an Indian university where academic discourse is common.
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For C1 learners, 'खंडन करना' is a tool for sophisticated intellectual deconstruction. You should understand its etymological roots in 'खंड' (fragment) and how it fits into the classical Indian tradition of 'Vada' (debate). At this level, you can use the noun 'खंडन' in complex phrases like 'खंडन-मंडन की प्रक्रिया' (the process of refutation and establishment). You should be able to use it to critique literature, scientific papers, or legal judgments. The word should flow naturally in your speech when you are systematically dismantling an opponent's logic. You also understand the stylistic choice of using this Sanskrit-derived term over more common Persian-derived words like 'रद्द करना' (to cancel/nullify) to maintain a specific formal register.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'खंडन करना' and can use it with absolute precision in any context. You understand its subtle connotations in different domains—from the 'khandan' of a philosophical school (Darshan) to the 'khandan' of a forensic report in a high court. You can appreciate the rhythmic quality of the word in high-level oratory and literature. You are also aware of its historical usage in ancient texts where scholars would perform 'khandan' of entire systems of thought. For you, this word is not just a verb but a symbol of the rigorous analytical tradition of the Hindi language. You can use it effortlessly in spontaneous, high-pressure situations like live television debates or academic defense.
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  • Refute or disprove a claim formally.
  • Always use the postposition 'ka' with the object.
  • Common in news, law, and academic debates.
  • Implies providing evidence or logic, not just a simple denial.

The Hindi verb खंडन करना (khandan karna) is a sophisticated term primarily used in formal, academic, legal, and journalistic contexts. At its core, it means to refute, to disprove, or to systematically demonstrate that a statement, theory, or accusation is false. While English speakers might use the word 'deny' for many situations, Hindi distinguishes between a simple denial and a logical refutation. When you use this term, you are not just saying 'no' to something; you are engaging in a process of breaking down an argument. The word 'खंड' (khand) itself refers to a piece or a fragment, so 'खंडन' literally implies the act of breaking something into pieces—metaphorically shattering an opponent's logic or claims.

Formal Debate
In a formal debate or 'shashtrarth', a scholar will use this verb when they provide evidence that contradicts their opponent's thesis. It implies a high level of intellectual rigor.
Legal Defense
Lawyers in Indian courts frequently use this term when they present counter-evidence to refute the allegations made by the prosecution. It is the standard term for 'rebuttal'.
Journalism and Media
When a public figure issues a statement clarifying that news reports about them are false, the headline often reads that they have 'refuted the rumors'.

वैज्ञानिक ने अपनी नई खोज के माध्यम से पुरानी मान्यताओं का खंडन किया। (The scientist refuted old beliefs through his new discovery.)

Understanding the nuance of this word requires recognizing the difference between 'अस्वीकार करना' (to reject/refuse) and 'खंडन करना'. While rejection is a choice of the will, refutation is a result of logic. You might reject an offer of tea, but you would refute a claim that the Earth is flat. In modern social media discourse, you will see this word used when fact-checkers debunk viral misinformation. It carries a weight of authority and suggests that the person speaking has the facts on their side. Using this word correctly will immediately elevate your Hindi from basic conversational level to a more educated, professional register.

मंत्री जी ने भ्रष्टाचार के सभी आरोपों का कड़ाई से खंडन किया है। (The minister has strictly refuted all allegations of corruption.)

Using खंडन करना requires a specific grammatical structure that learners often find tricky. It is a transitive compound verb where 'खंडन' acts as the noun part. The most important rule to remember is that the object being refuted must be followed by the genitive marker 'का' (ka), 'की' (ki), or 'के' (ke), depending on the gender and number of that object. Since 'खंडन' itself is a masculine noun, the verb 'करना' will conjugate based on the tense and the subject's gender in simple tenses, but in the perfective aspect (past tense), it follows the rules of 'Ne' constructions where the verb agrees with 'खंडन' (masculine singular).

Past Tense Construction
Subject + ने + Object + का + खंडन किया। Example: 'पुलिस ने दावों का खंडन किया।' (The police refuted the claims.)
Present Continuous
Subject + Object + का + खंडन कर रहा/रही है। Example: 'वह मेरी बात का खंडन कर रहा है।' (He is refuting my point.)

अदालत में वकील ने गवाह के बयान का खंडन करने के लिए सबूत पेश किए। (In court, the lawyer presented evidence to refute the witness's statement.)

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the intensity of the refutation. You can add adverbs like 'पूर्णतः' (completely), 'कड़ाई से' (strictly), or 'तथ्यों के साथ' (with facts) to modify the verb. For instance, 'उसने आरोपों का पूर्णतः खंडन किया' (He completely refuted the allegations). This adds a layer of precision to your speech. It is also common to see this verb in the passive voice in news reports: 'अफवाहों का खंडन किया गया है' (The rumors have been refuted). This structure is useful when the identity of the person refuting the claim is less important than the fact that the claim has been debunked.

इतिहासकारों ने इस सिद्धांत का खंडन किया है कि यह किला मुगलों ने बनाया था। (Historians have refuted the theory that this fort was built by the Mughals.)

You are most likely to encounter खंडन करना in the sphere of public life. It is not a word you would typically use while buying vegetables or chatting with friends about a movie, unless the conversation turns toward a serious debate or a news event. In India, the evening news cycles are a prime location for this word. Anchors will ask politicians, 'क्या आप इन आरोपों का खंडन करते हैं?' (Do you refute these allegations?). The term is synonymous with high-stakes communication where truth and reputation are on the line.

Newspapers (Dainik Jagran, Navbharat Times)
Headline: 'कंपनी ने दिवालिया होने की खबरों का खंडन किया' (Company refuted reports of going bankrupt).
Academic Seminars
Professors use it to discuss how new research refutes older paradigms. 'यह शोध पिछले दशकों के आंकड़ों का खंडन करता है।'

समाचार पत्र में छपी गलत खबर का संपादक ने अगले दिन खंडन किया। (The editor refuted the wrong news printed in the newspaper the next day.)

In the digital age, this word has found a new home in 'Fact-Checking' websites. When a viral WhatsApp message is proven false, the concluding sentence often says, 'हमारी जांच में इस दावे का खंडन हुआ है' (Our investigation has refuted this claim). It provides a sense of closure and factual certainty. Furthermore, in literature, especially in philosophical or critical essays (Nibandh), authors use 'खंडन-मंडन' as a pair. 'खंडन' is refuting the opponent's view, and 'मंडन' is establishing one's own view. This classical pairing is a hallmark of intellectual discourse in Hindi and Sanskrit traditions.

सोशल मीडिया पर चल रही मौत की खबरों का अभिनेता ने स्वयं वीडियो बनाकर खंडन किया। (The actor himself refuted the news of his death circulating on social media by making a video.)

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when learning Hindi is overusing 'इनकार करना' (inkar karna) or 'मना करना' (mana karna) when they actually mean खंडन करना. While all three involve saying 'no' or 'not', their applications are vastly different. 'इनकार करना' is a general denial or refusal (e.g., denying a request), whereas 'खंडन करना' specifically targets the validity of a statement or theory with the intent to prove it wrong. If you say you 'khandan' an invitation to dinner, it sounds like you are logically proving the dinner invitation is a false statement, which makes no sense!

Mistake: Using 'को' instead of 'का'
Incorrect: उसने आरोप को खंडन किया। Correct: उसने आरोप का खंडन किया। (He refuted the allegation.)
Mistake: Confusing with 'विरोध करना'
'विरोध करना' means to oppose or protest against something. You can oppose a law without refuting its factual basis. 'खंडन' is specifically about truth-value.

गलत वाक्य: मैं तुम्हारी चाय का खंडन करता हूँ। (Incorrect: I refute your tea.)

Another subtle mistake is failing to conjugate 'करना' correctly in the past tense with 'ने'. Since 'खंडन' is masculine singular, the verb will always be 'किया' in the simple past, regardless of whether the person refuting is male or female, as long as 'ने' is used. For example, 'सीमा ने दावों का खंडन किया' is correct. Beginners often mistakenly say 'सीमा ने दावों का खंडन की' because Seema is female. This is a common hurdle in mastering Hindi's ergative structure. Lastly, ensure you don't use it for personal feelings; it is an objective, external action directed at information.

सही वाक्य: उसने मेरे तर्कों का खंडन किया। (Correct: He refuted my arguments.)

If खंडन करना feels too formal for your situation, there are several alternatives that vary in intensity and register. Understanding these synonyms will help you choose the right word for the right audience. In casual conversation, people often use simpler verbs like 'काटना' (to cut/to counter) or 'गलत साबित करना' (to prove wrong). In highly academic or Sanskritized Hindi, you might encounter even more complex terms. Choosing the right synonym depends on whether you want to sound like a scientist, a lawyer, or just a friend having a debate.

गलत साबित करना (Galat Sabit Karna)
Meaning: To prove wrong. This is the most common informal alternative. 'मैंने उसकी बात को गलत साबित कर दिया।'
झुठलाना (Jhuthlana)
Meaning: To belie or to treat as a lie. This has a more emotional or personal tone than 'khandan'. 'वह मेरी भावनाओं को झुठला नहीं सकता।'
प्रत्याख्यान करना (Pratyakhyan Karna)
Meaning: To repudiate or disavow. This is extremely formal and usually found only in high literature or legal documents.

उसने मेरी बात काट दी। (He countered/cut my point - common in casual debate.)

When comparing 'खंडन करना' with 'अस्वीकार करना' (to reject), remember that rejection is about 'will' (I don't want this), while refutation is about 'truth' (this is not correct). For example, if someone offers you a theory, you can refute it (khandan). If someone offers you a job, you can reject it (asveekar). Using 'khandan' in a job context would imply you are proving the job itself does not exist or is a false concept! This distinction is vital for sounding natural in Hindi. In the media, you will also see 'नकारना' (nakarna), which is a general word for 'to negate' or 'to deny', often used for dismissing rumors without necessarily providing a detailed logical proof.

विपक्ष ने सरकार के दावों को नकार दिया। (The opposition negated/dismissed the government's claims.)

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In ancient Indian philosophical debates, 'khandan' was considered an art form. Scholars would spend years learning how to 'khandan' (refute) rival schools of thought while 'mandan' (establishing) their own.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ˈkʰʌɳ.ɖən kəɾ.nɑː/
US /ˈkʌndən kəɾnɑ/
Stress is on the first syllable 'Khand'.
Reimt sich auf
मंडन (mandan) बंधन (bandhan) मंथन (manthan) क्रंदन (krandan) स्पंदन (spandan) चंदन (chandan) वंदन (vandan) नंदन (nandan)
Häufige Fehler
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'. It must be aspirated.
  • Using a dental 'd' instead of a retroflex 'd'.
  • Missing the nasalization of the 'n' in 'khandan'.
  • Pronouncing 'karna' with a rhotic English 'r' instead of a tapped Hindi 'r'.
  • Treating 'khandan' as two separate words with equal stress.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 7/5

Common in newspapers but requires understanding of formal vocabulary.

Schreiben 8/5

Tricky due to the 'ka' postposition and 'ne' construction in past tense.

Sprechen 6/5

Easy to pronounce once you master the retroflex 'd'.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

उसने मेरी बात का खंडन किया।

He refuted my point.

Simple past with 'ne'.

2

क्या आप इस खबर का खंडन करते हैं?

Do you refute this news?

Present simple question.

3

पुलिस ने झूठ का खंडन किया।

The police refuted the lie.

Subject with 'ne'.

4

मैं आपकी बात का खंडन नहीं करूँगा।

I will not refute your point.

Future tense negative.

5

उसने आरोपों का खंडन किया।

He refuted the allegations.

Plural object with 'ka'.

6

यह रिपोर्ट दावों का खंडन करती है।

This report refutes the claims.

Present simple feminine subject.

7

सच हमेशा झूठ का खंडन करता है।

Truth always refutes lies.

General truth in present simple.

8

उन्होंने अफवाहों का खंडन किया।

They refuted the rumors.

Third person plural past.

1

मंत्री ने भ्रष्टाचार के आरोपों का खंडन किया।

The minister refuted the corruption allegations.

Use of 'ke' for plural possessive.

2

वैज्ञानिक ने पुरानी थ्योरी का खंडन किया।

The scientist refuted the old theory.

Feminine object 'theory'.

3

अदालत में वकील ने गवाह का खंडन किया।

The lawyer refuted the witness in court.

Locative case 'adalat mein'.

4

समाचार पत्र ने गलत खबर का खंडन किया है।

The newspaper has refuted the wrong news.

Present perfect tense.

5

वह हर बात का खंडन क्यों करता है?

Why does he refute everything?

Interrogative with 'kyon'.

6

हमें इन गलत दावों का खंडन करना चाहिए।

We should refute these false claims.

Use of 'chahiye' for obligation.

7

इतिहासकार ने इस बात का खंडन किया है।

The historian has refuted this point.

Present perfect tense.

8

क्या उसने अपनी गलती का खंडन किया?

Did he refute his mistake?

Simple past question.

1

उसने तथ्यों के साथ मेरे तर्कों का खंडन किया।

He refuted my arguments with facts.

Adverbial phrase 'tathyon ke saath'.

2

कंपनी ने दिवालिया होने की खबरों का कड़ाई से खंडन किया।

The company strictly refuted reports of being bankrupt.

Adverb 'kadai se' (strictly).

3

लेखक ने अपनी पुस्तक में पुरानी मान्यताओं का खंडन किया है।

The author has refuted old beliefs in his book.

Present perfect with locative 'pustak mein'.

4

सोशल मीडिया पर चल रही अफवाहों का खंडन करना ज़रूरी है।

It is necessary to refute the rumors circulating on social media.

Infinitive as subject.

5

उन्होंने बिना किसी सबूत के मेरे दावों का खंडन किया।

They refuted my claims without any evidence.

Prepositional phrase 'bina kisi saboot ke'.

6

जांच समिति ने आरोपों का पूर्णतः खंडन किया।

The investigation committee completely refuted the allegations.

Adverb 'purnatah' (completely).

7

क्या आप मेरे सिद्धांत का खंडन करने की हिम्मत रखते हैं?

Do you have the courage to refute my theory?

Infinitive 'khandan karne ki'.

8

उसने मीडिया के सामने आकर आरोपों का खंडन किया।

He came before the media and refuted the allegations.

Conjunctive participle 'aakar'.

1

प्रवक्ता ने स्पष्ट किया कि वे इन रिपोर्टों का खंडन करते हैं।

The spokesperson clarified that they refute these reports.

Complex sentence with 'ki'.

2

वैज्ञानिकों ने इस धारणा का खंडन किया है कि जलवायु परिवर्तन प्राकृतिक है।

Scientists have refuted the notion that climate change is natural.

Noun clause following 'ki'.

3

विपक्ष ने बजट के आंकड़ों का खंडन करते हुए अपना डेटा पेश किया।

While refuting the budget figures, the opposition presented its own data.

Present participle 'khandan karte hue'.

4

उसकी बातों का खंडन करना इतना आसान नहीं था।

It was not that easy to refute his words.

Infinitive phrase as subject.

5

क्या सरकारी एजेंसी ने इन दावों का औपचारिक रूप से खंडन किया है?

Has the government agency formally refuted these claims?

Adverbial 'aupcharik roop se'.

6

उन्होंने तर्क दिया कि नई खोज पिछले सिद्धांतों का खंडन करती है।

They argued that the new discovery refutes previous theories.

Reported speech.

7

बिना तर्क के किसी की बात का खंडन करना अनुचित है।

It is improper to refute someone's point without logic.

Adjective 'anuchit'.

8

अदालत ने बचाव पक्ष के तर्कों का खंडन करते हुए सजा सुनाई।

The court pronounced the sentence while refuting the defense's arguments.

Participle phrase.

1

दार्शनिक ने द्वैतवाद के सिद्धांतों का तार्किक खंडन किया।

The philosopher logically refuted the principles of dualism.

Adjective 'tarkik' (logical).

2

इस शोध पत्र ने दशकों से चली आ रही मान्यताओं का खंडन किया है।

This research paper has refuted beliefs that have persisted for decades.

Relative clause 'chali aa rahi'.

3

संपादकीय में सरकार की आर्थिक नीतियों का कड़ा खंडन किया गया।

The government's economic policies were strongly refuted in the editorial.

Passive voice 'khandan kiya gaya'.

4

उन्होंने अपने प्रतिद्वंद्वी के हर एक तर्क का खंडन बड़ी कुशलता से किया।

He refuted every single argument of his rival with great skill.

Noun phrase 'badi kushalata se'.

5

किसी भी स्थापित सिद्धांत का खंडन करने के लिए ठोस प्रमाणों की आवश्यकता होती है।

Solid evidence is required to refute any established theory.

Passive construction with 'avashyakta'.

6

उसने न केवल आरोपों का खंडन किया, बल्कि मानहानि का दावा भी ठोक दिया।

He not only refuted the allegations but also filed a defamation suit.

Correlative conjunction 'na keval... balki'.

7

इतिहास की पुनर्लेखन प्रक्रिया में कई पुराने तथ्यों का खंडन किया जा रहा है।

In the process of rewriting history, many old facts are being refuted.

Passive continuous 'kiya ja raha hai'.

8

उनकी आलोचना का खंडन करना मेरे लिए संभव नहीं था।

It was not possible for me to refute their criticism.

Adjective 'sambhav'.

1

शास्त्रों के गहन अध्ययन के पश्चात उन्होंने इस भ्रांति का खंडन किया।

After deep study of the scriptures, he refuted this misconception.

Sanskritized vocabulary 'pashchat', 'bhranti'.

2

यह प्रबंध आधुनिक अर्थशास्त्र के मूलभूत सिद्धांतों का खंडन करता है।

This thesis refutes the fundamental principles of modern economics.

Formal noun 'prabandh' (thesis).

3

वक्ता ने अपने संबोधन में विरोधियों के कुतर्कों का सप्रमाण खंडन किया।

The speaker, in his address, refuted the opponents' fallacious arguments with evidence.

Compound word 'sapraman' (with evidence).

4

उनकी विचारधारा का खंडन करना बौद्धिक रूप से चुनौतीपूर्ण है।

Refuting their ideology is intellectually challenging.

Adverbial 'bauddhik roop se'.

5

लेखक ने समाज की रूढ़ियों का खंडन करते हुए एक नई दिशा दिखाई।

While refuting social dogmas, the author showed a new direction.

Metaphorical usage.

6

इस न्यायिक निर्णय ने पिछले सभी फैसलों के आधार का खंडन कर दिया है।

This judicial decision has refuted the basis of all previous rulings.

Perfective aspect.

7

उन्होंने वैज्ञानिक पद्धति का उपयोग करते हुए अंधविश्वासों का खंडन किया।

He refuted superstitions using the scientific method.

Instrumental case 'upayog karte hue'.

8

किसी भी विचार का खंडन करना उसे पूरी तरह समझने के बाद ही उचित है।

Refuting any idea is proper only after understanding it completely.

Conditional logic.

Synonyme

गलत साबित करना काटना झुठलाना नकारना प्रत्याख्यान करना विरोध करना अस्वीकार करना निरसन करना

Gegenteile

पुष्टि करना समर्थन करना स्वीकार करना मंडन करना

Häufige Kollokationen

आरोपों का खंडन
अफवाहों का खंडन
तर्कों का खंडन
सिद्धांत का खंडन
खबर का खंडन
कड़ाई से खंडन
तथ्यों के साथ खंडन
औपचारिक खंडन
पूर्णतः खंडन
दावों का खंडन

Häufige Phrasen

खंडन-मंडन

— The process of refuting one view and establishing another.

सभा में काफी खंडन-मंडन हुआ।

पुरजोर खंडन

— Strong or vigorous refutation.

नेता ने आरोपों का पुरजोर खंडन किया।

लिखित खंडन

— A written refutation or denial.

उसने आरोपों का लिखित खंडन दिया है।

साक्ष्य सहित खंडन

— Refutation along with evidence.

वकील ने साक्ष्य सहित गवाह का खंडन किया।

बिंदुवार खंडन

— Point-by-point refutation.

उसने आरोपों का बिंदुवार खंडन किया।

सार्वजनिक खंडन

— Public refutation.

अभिनेता ने अफवाहों का सार्वजनिक खंडन किया।

तार्किक खंडन

— Logical refutation.

यह लेख अंधविश्वासों का तार्किक खंडन करता है।

तत्काल खंडन

— Immediate refutation.

कंपनी ने गलत रिपोर्ट का तत्काल खंडन किया।

आधिकारिक खंडन

— Official refutation.

मंत्रालय ने इस खबर का आधिकारिक खंडन जारी किया है।

वैचारिक खंडन

— Ideological refutation.

दो लेखकों के बीच वैचारिक खंडन चलता रहा।

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"धज्जियां उड़ाना"

— To tear something to shreds; used for a very aggressive refutation.

उसने बहस में विरोधी के तर्कों की धज्जियां उड़ा दीं।

Informal/Strong
"जवाब देना"

— To answer back; sometimes used to mean refuting an argument.

उसने उसके हर आरोप का करारा जवाब दिया।

Neutral
"मुंहतोड़ जवाब देना"

— To give a fitting/crushing reply; refuting with force.

सेना ने दुश्मन के दावों का मुंहतोड़ जवाब दिया।

Strong
"पानी फेरना"

— To ruin someone's plans/claims; indirectly refuting their basis.

नई रिपोर्ट ने पुराने दावों पर पानी फेर दिया।

Informal
"पोल खोलना"

— To expose the truth; a way of refuting a false claim by showing the reality.

सच ने उसकी बातों की पोल खोल दी।

Informal
"आईना दिखाना"

— To show the mirror; to refute a false self-image with reality.

तथ्यों ने उसे आईना दिखा दिया।

Metaphorical
"काट निकालना"

— To find a counter-argument or a way to refute.

उसने मेरी हर दलील की काट निकाल ली।

Neutral
"मिट्टी में मिलाना"

— To destroy; can be used for destroying a reputation or a false claim.

सबूतों ने उसके झूठ को मिट्टी में मिला दिया।

Strong
"हवा निकाल देना"

— To deflate; to refute an exaggerated claim.

एक सवाल ने उसके पूरे भाषण की हवा निकाल दी।

Informal
"जड़ काटना"

— To cut the root; to refute the very basis of an argument.

उसने मेरे सिद्धांत की जड़ ही काट दी।

Strong

Wortfamilie

Substantive

खंडन (refutation)
खंड (piece/section)
खंडनकर्ता (refuter)

Verben

खंडन करना (to refute)

Adjektive

खंडित (broken/fragmented)
अखंड (unbroken/indivisible)

Verwandt

प्रत्याख्यान
विरोध
झुठलाना
नकारना
काटना
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Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Khand' as 'Khand' (a piece of candy). When you 'khandan karna', you are 'breaking' the opponent's argument into small pieces like candy.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a lawyer in a courtroom physically breaking a wooden board labeled 'LIE' with a hammer labeled 'FACTS'.

Word Web

Logic Refute Disprove Debate Court News Evidence Truth

Herausforderung

Try to find one news headline today in a Hindi newspaper that uses the word 'खंडन' and explain why it was used.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Sanskrit root 'खंड्' (khand), which means to break, divide, or destroy. In classical Indian logic, 'khandan' became the technical term for the refutation of an opponent's thesis.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The act of breaking into pieces or dividing.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

Kultureller Kontext

It is a formal word. Using it in a casual setting might make you sound overly defensive or pretentious unless used jokingly.

English speakers often use 'deny' for everything. In Hindi, 'khandan karna' is much more specific than 'inkar karna'.

Khandana-khanda-khadya (a famous 12th-century philosophical work by Sriharsha). News headlines during Indian elections almost daily use this word. Legal proceedings in the Supreme Court of India.
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