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B2 noun #6,500 am häufigsten 11 Min. Lesezeit

인과관계

ingwagwangye Top 6,500

Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps 인과관계 in 30 Sekunden

Erklärung 인과관계 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the big word '인과관계' yet. Instead, you learn how to say 'because' using '-아서/어서' or '-(으)니까'. For example, '비가 와서 학교에 안 갔어요' (I didn't go to school because it rained). This is the simplest form of showing a cause and a result. You are learning that one thing happens (rain) and it leads to another thing (staying home). Even though you aren't using the formal word, you are practicing the 'logic' of 인과관계. Think of it like this: A happens, then B happens because of A. In A1, we focus on daily life reasons like being tired, being hungry, or the weather. You might use the word '이유' (reason) to ask 'Why?' (이유가 뭐예요?). This is the foundation for the complex logical connections you will learn later.

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At the A2 level, you start using more specific words for reasons and results. You might learn '때문에' (because of) which allows you to link nouns to results, like '태풍 때문에 비행기가 취소됐어요' (The flight was canceled because of the typhoon). This is getting closer to the concept of '인과관계' because you are identifying a specific 'cause' (the typhoon) and a specific 'effect' (cancellation). You also start to use '그래서' (so/therefore) to connect two sentences logically. You might not use the word '인과관계' in conversation, but you might see it in simple reading passages about health or nature. You are beginning to see that events in the world are connected, and Korean has specific grammar to show those connections clearly and politely.

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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where you discuss social issues, personal opinions, and more complex topics. You will start to encounter '인과관계' in news articles or intermediate textbooks. You should understand that this word is used when the connection between two things is being analyzed. For example, '인터넷의 발달과 사회 변화의 인과관계' (The causal relationship between the development of the internet and social change). At this level, you should be able to recognize the word and understand that it implies a logical 'why'. You might not use it in a casual chat with friends, but you would use it if you were giving a short presentation in class about a topic you researched. You are also learning synonyms like '원인' (cause) and '결과' (result) and how they function together.

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At the B2 level, which is where '인과관계' truly belongs, you are expected to use this word in formal writing and discussions. You understand that '인과관계' is different from a simple 'reason'. It implies a structured, often scientific or legal, link. You should be able to use collocations like '인과관계를 밝히다' (to reveal the causality) or '인과관계가 뚜렷하다' (the causality is clear). In the TOPIK II exam, you will use this word to describe trends in graphs—for example, explaining how a rise in one variable led to a decrease in another. You are also expected to distinguish between '인과관계' (causality) and '상관관계' (correlation), showing that you can think critically in Korean. Your sentences will become more complex, using this word to anchor logical arguments.

At the C1 level, you use '인과관계' with precision and nuance. You understand that causality is rarely simple and often involves multiple factors. You might use terms like '다각적인 인과관계' (multifaceted causality) or '직간접적인 인과관계' (direct and indirect causality). You can participate in high-level debates about law, philosophy, or economics where the '인과관계' of a policy or a historical event is the main point of contention. You are also comfortable using the word in its Hanja context, perhaps even referencing the Buddhist roots of '인과' (karma) in a literary or philosophical discussion. Your writing is academic and professional, and you use '인과관계' to build 'chains of reasoning' that are difficult to refute. You also know how to challenge someone else's logic by pointing out '인과관계의 오류' (fallacies of causality).

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '인과관계' and use it effortlessly in the most sophisticated contexts. You might be writing legal briefs, scientific papers, or high-level journalism in Korean. You understand the '상당인과관계' (reasonable/proximate causality) in legal theory and can apply it to complex cases. You can discuss the deterministic nature of '인과율' (the law of causality) in physics or philosophy. For you, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for deep structural analysis of the world. You can use it metaphorically or literally, and you are sensitive to the subtle shifts in meaning when it is used in different professional fields. You can effortlessly switch between '인과관계', '상관성', '개연성', and '필연성' to describe the exact nature of any relationship between events.

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인과관계 in 30 Sekunden

A formal term for 'causality' or 'cause and effect'.
Used in academic, legal, and scientific Korean contexts.
Distinguished from '상관관계' (correlation) which is just a coincidence.
Essential for high-level TOPIK writing and logical debating.

The word 인과관계 (in-gwa-gwan-gye) is a sophisticated Sino-Korean noun that translates directly to 'causality' or the 'relationship between cause and effect.' To understand this word deeply, one must look at its constituent Hanja characters: 因 (인 - cause/reason), 果 (과 - fruit/result), and 關係 (관계 - relationship). In the Korean linguistic landscape, this isn't just a word for 'why things happen'; it is a formal, academic, and logical term used to describe the structural link where one event (the cause) necessitates or leads to another event (the effect). While a child might use the word 'reason' (이유) or 'because' (때문에), an intellectual, a scientist, a lawyer, or a journalist will use 인과관계 to denote a rigorous logical connection that has been analyzed or needs to be proven.

Etymological Depth: The term is rooted in Buddhist philosophy (인과응보), suggesting that every action has a corresponding reaction, but in modern Korean, it has transitioned into a cornerstone of scientific and legal discourse. It implies a 'necessary' connection rather than a coincidental one.

Historically, the concept of 인과관계 was discussed in the context of karma, where every deed in a past life influenced the present. However, in the 21st century, you are more likely to hear it in a courtroom where a prosecutor is trying to establish a 'proximate cause' between a defendant's actions and a victim's injury.

흡연과 폐암 사이의 명확한 인과관계가 밝혀졌습니다. (A clear causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been revealed.)

In everyday conversation, using this word might sound slightly 'stiff' or overly intellectual, similar to saying 'the causal nexus' instead of 'the reason' in English. However, in the age of information, Koreans use it frequently when debunking fake news or discussing complex social phenomena like the relationship between interest rates and housing prices.

Logical Framework: In logic, establishing 인과관계 requires three conditions: temporal precedence (the cause happens first), constant conjunction (they always happen together), and non-spuriousness (no third factor explains both).

단순한 상관관계와 인과관계를 혼동해서는 안 됩니다. (One must not confuse simple correlation with causality.)

This distinction is vital in Korean education, where students are taught to think critically about statistics. If you hear a news anchor talking about a 'cause-and-effect' link in a policy's failure, they will invariably use this term. It carries a weight of authority and evidence-based reasoning.

Social Context: In social settings, if someone blames a bad outcome on a very minor mistake, a friend might say, '그게 인과관계가 성립한다고 봐?' (Do you really think a causal relationship is established there?), essentially questioning their logic.

경제 위기와 정부 정책 사이의 인과관계를 분석하다. (To analyze the causality between the economic crisis and government policy.)

범죄와 빈곤의 인과관계는 매우 복잡한 문제입니다. (The causal relationship between crime and poverty is a very complex issue.)

그 두 사건 사이에 어떤 인과관계도 찾을 수 없었다. (No causal relationship whatsoever could be found between those two events.)

Finally, in the realm of AI and data science, which is a massive industry in Korea, 인과관계 is the 'holy grail' of data interpretation, moving beyond mere patterns to understanding the 'why' behind the 'what.' If you are studying for the TOPIK II exam, mastering this word is essential for the writing section, particularly when describing graphs or social changes.

Using 인과관계 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and the specific verbs it typically pairs with. Because it describes a relationship, it is often the subject or object of verbs like '밝히다' (to reveal), '규명하다' (to investigate/identify), '성립하다' (to be established), or '증명하다' (to prove).

Common Verb Pairings: 1. 인과관계를 규명하다 (To investigate the causal link) 2. 인과관계가 뚜렷하다 (The causality is clear) 3. 인과관계를 입증하다 (To prove the causality)

When you are writing an essay, you might use the pattern 'A와 B 사이의 인과관계' (The causality between A and B). This is the standard way to set up a comparison or an analysis. For example, '운동과 건강 사이의 인과관계' (The causal relationship between exercise and health).

과학자들은 기후 변화와 자연재해 사이의 인과관계를 연구하고 있습니다. (Scientists are researching the causal relationship between climate change and natural disasters.)

Another common structure is '인과관계가 성립되다' (Causality is established/valid). This is used when a logical argument holds up under scrutiny. In a legal context, if a lawyer fails to show that a specific action led to a specific harm, they might say '인과관계를 인정하기 어렵다' (It is difficult to recognize the causal relationship).

Adjective Modifiers: You can describe the strength of the relationship using adjectives like '밀접한' (close/intimate), '직접적인' (direct), '간접적인' (indirect), or '모호한' (vague/ambiguous).

이 두 현상 사이에는 밀접한 인과관계가 존재합니다. (There exists a close causal relationship between these two phenomena.)

For advanced learners, using the phrase '인과관계의 사슬' (the chain of causality) can add a poetic yet logical flair to your writing, describing a series of events where each causes the next.

사고의 인과관계를 파악하는 것이 재발 방지의 핵심입니다. (Identifying the causality of the accident is the key to preventing recurrence.)

그녀는 자신의 실패에서 어떤 인과관계도 찾지 못하고 운을 탓했다. (She blamed luck, failing to find any causal relationship in her failure.)

논문에서 인과관계를 설명할 때는 객관적인 데이터가 필수적이다. (Objective data is essential when explaining causality in a thesis.)

Negative Constructions: To say there is no link, use '인과관계가 없다' or '인과관계를 찾을 수 없다'. To say it's weak, use '인과관계가 희박하다'.

As you progress to C1/C2 levels, you will notice this word appearing in complex 'if-then' structures or as part of a larger philosophical argument about determinism. It's a word that demands precision, so always ensure the 'cause' and 'effect' you are linking are logically defensible.

You will rarely hear 인과관계 while buying apples at a traditional market or chatting with a toddler, but it is ubiquitous in the 'serious' parts of Korean life. If you turn on the evening news on KBS or MBC, you will hear it during investigative segments. For instance, if there is a massive fire, the reporter will say, '경찰은 실화와 화재 발생 사이의 인과관계를 집중 조사하고 있습니다' (The police are focusing their investigation on the causal relationship between the accidental start and the occurrence of the fire).

News and Media: Used in reporting on medical breakthroughs, legal trials, and economic shifts. It signals that the information is based on logic rather than rumors.

In the Korean educational system, students encounter this word constantly from middle school onwards, particularly in '비문학' (non-literature) reading passages on the CSAT (Suneung). These passages often discuss scientific theories or economic models where '인과적 사고' (causal thinking) is required to answer the questions.

법원은 피고인의 행위와 피해자의 사망 사이에 인과관계가 있다고 판단했습니다. (The court ruled that there was a causal relationship between the defendant's actions and the victim's death.)

You will also hear this in documentaries, especially those about nature or history. A narrator might explain the '인과관계' between a volcanic eruption and the collapse of an ancient civilization. In medical dramas (which are very popular in Korea), doctors often argue over the '인과관계' of a patient's symptoms and a rare disease.

Documentaries and Education: Used to link historical events or biological processes. It provides the 'why' in educational content.

역사적 사건들 사이의 인과관계를 이해하는 것이 중요합니다. (It is important to understand the causal relationships between historical events.)

백신 접종과 부작용 사이의 인과관계가 아직 확인되지 않았습니다. (The causality between the vaccination and side effects has not yet been confirmed.)

Even in self-help books or 'mentoring' videos on YouTube (popular in Korea), speakers might talk about the '인과관계' of success—how specific habits inevitably lead to specific results. It serves as a bridge between the abstract 'luck' and the concrete 'effort.'

우리는 문제의 근본적인 인과관계를 파헤쳐야 합니다. (We must dig into the fundamental causal relationship of the problem.)

심리학에서는 유년기 경험과 성격 형성의 인과관계를 연구한다. (Psychology studies the causality between childhood experiences and personality formation.)

Legal and Forensic Context: In crime dramas like 'Signal' or 'Stranger,' the term is used when detectives try to link a suspect's motive to the crime scene evidence.

Finally, in the Korean stock market news, analysts will discuss the '인과관계' between US interest rate hikes and the Korean won's value. If you want to follow Korean finance, this word is non-negotiable.

The most frequent and significant mistake learners (and even native speakers) make is confusing '인과관계' (causality) with '상관관계' (correlation). While they sound similar and both describe relationships, they are logically distinct.

The Correlation Trap: 상관관계 (sang-gwan-gwan-gye) means two things move together. 인과관계 (in-gwa-gwan-gye) means one *causes* the other. Mistaking one for the other in an essay or a business report is a major logical error.

For example, ice cream sales and shark attacks both increase in the summer. They have a '상관관계' (correlation), but one does not cause the other. The '인과관계' is between the heat and ice cream, and the heat and people swimming. Using '인과관계' when you only mean they are related can make your argument seem weak or scientifically inaccurate.

[Wrong] 두 사건은 인과관계가 있지만, 서로 아무런 영향도 주지 않습니다. (This is a contradiction; if there is causality, they MUST influence each other.)

Another mistake is the incorrect use of particles. Because '인과관계' is a relationship *between* things, you must use '와/과' (and) or '사이의' (between). Saying 'A의 인과관계' (A's causality) is often incomplete; you usually need 'A와 B의 인과관계'.

Spelling and Pronunciation: Some learners confuse '인과' (cause/effect) with '인과' (human-fruit? No). Remember the Hanja: 因 (cause) and 果 (result). Pronounce it clearly as 'in-gwa', not 'in-ga'.

[Correct] 스트레스와 질병 사이의 인과관계를 입증하다. (To prove the causality between stress and disease.)

[Incorrect] 어제 늦게 자서 오늘 피곤한 인과관계가 있어요. (Too formal/weird. Just say '그래서 피곤해요'.)

A subtle mistake is assuming '인과관계' is always one-to-one. In reality, one result can have many causes (다중 인과관계). Failing to acknowledge this in complex discussions can make your Korean sound simplistic.

단지 순서대로 일어났다고 해서 인과관계가 있는 것은 아니다. (Just because things happened in order doesn't mean there is a causal relationship.)

복합적인 인과관계를 무시한 채 결론을 내렸다. (They reached a conclusion while ignoring the complex causal relationships.)

Register Mismatch: Using this word in a casual text message to a friend about why you're late for a movie will sound sarcastic or like you're trying too hard to be funny. Stick to '이유' or '때문에' for personal matters.

Finally, remember that '인과관계' is a noun. You cannot say '인과관계하다'. You must use '인과관계가 있다/없다' or '인과관계를 맺다'.

To truly master '인과관계', you should know the words that surround it in the semantic field of logic and reason. The most common alternative is '원인과 결과' (cause and result). This is the plain Korean version of the same concept. While '인과관계' is a single noun meaning 'the relationship', '원인과 결과' describes the two entities themselves.

인과관계 vs. 원인과 결과: 인과관계 is the abstract concept of the link. 원인과 결과 refers to the specific 'what' and 'what happened next'. Use the former for analysis, the latter for description.

Another related term is '상관관계' (correlation), as mentioned before. In data analysis, you often move from finding a '상관관계' to proving an '인과관계'. Then there is '계기' (motive/turning point). While '인과관계' is scientific, '계기' is more about the human element or a specific event that triggered a change.

그의 말 한마디가 사건의 계기가 되었다. (His single word became the trigger for the incident.)

'연관성' (connection/relevance) is a broader, softer term. If you aren't sure if there's a strict cause-and-effect link, '연관성' is a safer word to use. It just means the two things are related somehow.

Comparison Table: 1. 인과관계: Strict logic, A causes B. 2. 상관관계: Statistical link, A and B move together. 3. 연관성: General link, A and B are related. 4. 필연성: Inevitability, B must happen because of A.

두 사건 사이의 연관성은 인정되지만, 인과관계는 불분명하다. (The relevance between the two events is recognized, but the causality is unclear.)

이것은 단순한 우연이 아니라 필연성을 가진 결과다. (This is not mere coincidence but a result with inevitability.)

In legal terms, you might hear '상당인과관계' (proximate cause). In historical terms, you might hear '역사적 필연성' (historical inevitability).

그 정책의 파장이 어디까지 미칠지 예측하기 어렵다. (It is hard to predict how far the ripple effects of that policy will reach.)

원인 규명이 늦어지면서 혼란이 가중되고 있다. (As the investigation into the cause is delayed, confusion is mounting.)

Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the exact level of logical 'strength' you want to convey in your Korean speech and writing.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The '과' in '인과' is the same character used for 'fruit' (과일). This reflects the agricultural metaphor that you harvest what you plant.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /in.ɡwa.ɡwan.ɡje/

US /in.ɡwa.ɡwan.ɡje/

Stress is even across all syllables, typical of the Korean language.

Reimt sich auf

인간관계 (Human relationships) 상관관계 (Correlation) 상호관계 (Mutual relationship) 역학관계 (Dynamics) 의존관계 (Dependency) 협력관계 (Cooperative relationship) 대립관계 (Oppositional relationship) 긴장관계 (Tense relationship)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '인과' as '인가' (in-ga), which means 'approval'.
Slurring '관계' into '강계' (gang-gye).
Putting too much stress on the 'gwa' syllable.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

Schreiben 5/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal or making logical errors.

Sprechen 4/5

Used in debates or professional settings; rare in casual talk.

Hören 3/5

Easy to hear in news, but easy to confuse with '상관관계'.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

원인 결과 관계 이유 때문에

Als Nächstes lernen

상관관계 필연성 개연성 논리적 증명

Fortgeschritten

인과응보 사필귀정 조건부 변수 상당성

Wichtige Grammatik

-로 인해/말미암아

폭우로 인해 인과관계가 복잡한 사고가 발생했다.

-은/는 결과이다

이 현상은 장기간의 오염이 가져온 인과관계의 결과이다.

-기 때문에

인과관계가 확실하기 때문에 이 주장은 타당하다.

-에 따라서

원인에 따라서 결과의 인과관계가 달라진다.

-을/를 바탕으로

증거를 바탕으로 인과관계를 규명했다.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

배가 고파서 밥을 먹어요.

I eat because I am hungry.

-아서/어서 expresses a simple reason.

비가 와서 우산을 써요.

It's raining, so I use an umbrella.

A1 logic: Rain (cause) -> Umbrella (effect).

추워서 문을 닫았어요.

It was cold, so I closed the door.

Simple cause and effect in daily life.

공부를 해서 시험을 잘 봤어요.

I studied, so I did well on the exam.

Effort leading to a result.

아파서 병원에 가요.

I am sick, so I go to the hospital.

Basic logical connection.

돈이 없어서 못 사요.

I don't have money, so I can't buy it.

Lack of cause leads to inability of effect.

선생님이 좋아서 한국어가 재미있어요.

I like the teacher, so Korean is fun.

Emotional cause and effect.

어제 늦게 자서 피곤해요.

I slept late yesterday, so I am tired.

Temporal cause and effect.

태풍 때문에 나무가 쓰러졌어요.

The tree fell because of the typhoon.

Noun + 때문에 focuses on the cause.

길이 막혀서 늦었습니다.

I was late because the road was blocked.

Common excuse using cause/effect.

열심히 연습해서 상을 받았어요.

I practiced hard and won a prize.

Positive outcome from a cause.

눈이 많이 와서 차가 못 가요.

The car can't go because it snowed a lot.

Environmental cause and effect.

건강을 위해서 운동을 합니다.

I exercise for my health.

Purpose as a cause for action.

매운 것을 먹어서 배가 아파요.

My stomach hurts because I ate something spicy.

Physical reaction to a cause.

실수를 해서 죄송합니다.

I am sorry that I made a mistake.

Action leading to an emotional response.

날씨가 좋아서 기분이 좋아요.

The weather is good, so I feel good.

External cause for internal state.

지구 온난화로 인해 해수면이 상승하고 있다.

Sea levels are rising due to global warming.

-로 인해 is a formal way to show cause.

노력과 성공 사이에는 깊은 관계가 있다.

There is a deep relationship between effort and success.

Abstract relationship between two concepts.

그 사고의 원인은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다.

The cause of that accident has not been revealed yet.

Using '원인' (cause) formally.

운동 부족은 비만의 주된 원인이 된다.

Lack of exercise becomes the main cause of obesity.

Scientific cause and effect.

그의 성공은 운보다는 노력의 결과였다.

His success was the result of effort rather than luck.

Contrast between two possible causes.

환경 오염은 생태계에 큰 영향을 미친다.

Environmental pollution has a huge impact on the ecosystem.

Impact as a result of a cause.

지속적인 교육이 사회 발전을 이끈다.

Continuous education leads to social development.

Long-term cause and effect.

스트레스가 만병의 근원이라고 합니다.

They say stress is the root of all diseases.

Proverbial cause and effect.

사건의 인과관계를 정확히 파악해야 합니다.

We must accurately grasp the causality of the incident.

Formal use of 인과관계 as an object.

흡연과 암 사이의 인과관계는 이미 증명되었다.

The causality between smoking and cancer has already been proven.

Standard academic/scientific sentence.

상관관계가 있다고 해서 항상 인과관계가 있는 것은 아니다.

Correlation does not always imply causation.

Distinguishing between two complex terms.

법원은 두 사건 사이의 인과관계를 인정하지 않았다.

The court did not recognize the causality between the two events.

Legal context for causality.

경제 위기의 인과관계를 분석하는 논문을 썼다.

I wrote a thesis analyzing the causality of the economic crisis.

Academic research context.

이 현상은 복잡한 인과관계로 얽혀 있다.

This phenomenon is intertwined with complex causal relationships.

Describing complexity in causality.

인과관계가 불분명한 상태에서 결론을 내릴 수 없다.

We cannot reach a conclusion when the causality is unclear.

Conditional logic with causality.

교육 수준과 소득 사이의 인과관계를 조사했다.

The causality between education level and income was investigated.

Social science research context.

역사적 사건들의 인과관계를 규명하는 일은 매우 어렵다.

Identifying the causality of historical events is very difficult.

High-level historical analysis.

그 정책이 가져온 인과적 연쇄 반응을 고찰해 보자.

Let's examine the causal chain reaction brought about by that policy.

Using '인과적' (causal) as an adjective.

심리학에서는 유년기 트라우마와 성인기 성격의 인과관계를 다룬다.

Psychology deals with the causality between childhood trauma and adult personality.

Professional psychological discourse.

피고의 과실과 사고 발생 사이에 상당인과관계가 존재한다.

A reasonable causal relationship exists between the defendant's negligence and the accident.

Specific legal term: 상당인과관계.

과학적 방법론의 핵심은 엄격한 인과관계의 증명에 있다.

The core of scientific methodology lies in the rigorous proof of causality.

Philosophical/Methodological context.

기후 변화의 인과관계는 전 지구적 차원에서 논의되어야 한다.

The causality of climate change must be discussed at a global level.

Global policy context.

우리는 단순히 현상만을 보지 말고 그 이면의 인과관계를 꿰뚫어 보아야 한다.

We must not just look at the phenomena but see through the underlying causality.

Metaphorical/Insightful use.

인과관계의 단절로 인해 손해 배상 청구가 기각되었다.

The claim for damages was dismissed due to a break in the causal chain.

Advanced legal terminology: 인과관계의 단절.

흄은 인과관계를 객관적 실재가 아닌 심리적 습관으로 보았다.

Hume viewed causality not as an objective reality but as a psychological habit.

Purely philosophical/Academic discourse.

양자역학의 세계에서는 고전적인 인과관계가 더 이상 통용되지 않는다.

In the world of quantum mechanics, classical causality is no longer applicable.

Scientific/Theoretical context.

이 사건은 다중 인과관계가 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 해석된다.

This case is interpreted as the result of a complex interplay of multiple causalities.

Highly analytical interpretation.

인과응보라는 전통적 관념이 현대적 인과관계의 법리로 발전했다.

The traditional notion of karma evolved into the modern legal doctrine of causality.

Cultural-Legal evolution context.

사회학적 상상력은 개인의 삶과 거대 구조 사이의 인과관계를 포착한다.

Sociological imagination captures the causality between individual lives and macro structures.

Advanced social science theory.

데이터의 폭증 속에서 진정한 인과관계를 선별해내는 것이 데이터 과학의 숙제다.

In the explosion of data, selecting true causality is the task of data science.

Modern technological challenge context.

필연적 인과관계의 사슬에서 벗어나려는 인간의 자유 의지를 논하다.

To discuss human free will attempting to escape the chain of inevitable causality.

Existential/Philosophical context.

인과관계의 규명이 불가능한 영역에서의 윤리적 책임을 묻다.

To question ethical responsibility in areas where causality cannot be identified.

Applied ethics and logic.

Synonyme

원인과 결과 상관성 연관성

Gegenteile

무관성 우연

Häufige Kollokationen

인과관계가 뚜렷하다

인과관계를 규명하다

인과관계를 입증하다

인과관계가 성립하다

밀접한 인과관계

직접적인 인과관계

인과관계를 분석하다

인과관계가 희박하다

인과관계의 사슬

인과관계를 파악하다

Häufige Phrasen

인과관계를 따지다

— To weigh or examine the cause and effect carefully. Often used when someone is being very logical.

그는 사소한 일에도 인과관계를 따지는 성격이다.

인과관계에 근거하다

— To be based on causality. Used to describe a theory or argument.

이 주장은 과학적 인과관계에 근거하고 있다.

인과관계를 무시하다

— To ignore the link between cause and effect. Used in criticism.

결과만 중시하고 인과관계를 무시해서는 안 된다.

인과관계를 밝히다

— To reveal or clarify the causal link.

경찰은 화재의 인과관계를 밝히기 위해 노력 중이다.

인과관계가 확인되다

— For a causal link to be confirmed or verified.

약물 복용과 부작용의 인과관계가 확인되었다.

인과관계를 추론하다

— To infer the causality based on evidence.

과거의 데이터를 통해 미래의 인과관계를 추론하다.

인과관계가 모호하다

— For the causal link to be vague or unclear.

사건의 인과관계가 모호해서 수사가 어렵다.

인과관계가 인정되다

— For causality to be recognized, especially in a court of law.

피해자의 주장이 인과관계가 인정되어 승소했다.

인과관계를 뒤집다

— To reverse the cause and effect (often as a logical error).

그는 인과관계를 뒤집어 말하는 오류를 범했다.

인과관계의 논리

— The logic of cause and effect.

인과관계의 논리에 따르면 이 결과는 당연하다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

인과관계 vs 상관관계

Correlation. Just because two things happen together doesn't mean one caused the other. This is the most common confusion.

인과관계 vs 인간관계

Human relationships. Sounds similar but refers to social interactions between people.

인과관계 vs 인과응보

Karma. While related, '인과관계' is a neutral logical term, while '인과응보' has a moral/religious judgment.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"인과응보 (因果應報)"

— Karma; a person's good or bad actions will eventually bring about a corresponding result.

나쁜 짓을 하면 결국 인과응보를 받게 된다.

Proverbial

"콩 심은 데 콩 나고 팥 심은 데 팥 난다"

— Literally 'beans grow where beans are planted'; you reap what you sow.

그 아이의 행동을 보니 부모와 똑같아. 콩 심은 데 콩 나는 법이지.

Informal/Proverbial

"아니 땐 굴뚝에 연기 날까"

— Literally 'will smoke come out of a chimney that hasn't been lit?'; there's no smoke without fire.

소문이 사실일 거야. 아니 땐 굴뚝에 연기 날까?

Common Idiom

"뿌린 대로 거둔다"

— You reap what you sow. Similar to '인과응보' but used more broadly.

젊을 때 노력하면 나중에 뿌린 대로 거두게 될 거야.

Neutral

"사필귀정 (事必歸正)"

— All things will eventually return to the right path (justice will prevail).

진실은 밝혀지기 마련이다. 사필귀정이다.

Hanja Idiom

"자업자득 (自業自得)"

— Suffering the consequences of one's own actions.

그가 해고된 것은 자업자득이다.

Common Idiom

"전화위복 (轉禍爲福)"

— Turning a misfortune into a blessing (a cause changing its effect).

이번 실패를 전화위복의 계기로 삼자.

Hanja Idiom

"원인 없는 결과 없다"

— There is no result without a cause. A basic logical truth.

모든 일에는 이유가 있다. 원인 없는 결과는 없다.

Neutral

"바늘 도둑이 소도둑 된다"

— A small cause (stealing a needle) leads to a big effect (stealing a cow).

작은 나쁜 습관을 고쳐야 해. 바늘 도둑이 소도둑 된다잖아.

Common Idiom

"천벌을 받다"

— To receive heavenly punishment (the ultimate causal consequence for evil).

그런 나쁜 짓을 하면 천벌을 받을 것이다.

Religious/Traditional

Leicht verwechselbar

인과관계 vs 상관관계

They both end in '관계' and describe how things are linked.

상관관계 is correlation (A and B move together); 인과관계 is causation (A makes B happen).

키와 몸무게는 상관관계가 있지만, 키가 몸무게의 유일한 인과관계는 아니다.

인과관계 vs 인간관계

Phonetically similar (in-gan vs in-gwa).

인간관계 is about social ties between humans; 인과관계 is about logical ties between events.

사회 생활에서는 인간관계가 중요하지만, 업무 분석에서는 인과관계가 중요하다.

인과관계 vs 연관성

Both describe connections.

연관성 is a general 'relevance' or 'connection'; 인과관계 is a specific 'cause-and-effect' link.

두 사건의 연관성은 높지만 직접적인 인과관계는 없다.

인과관계 vs 개연성

Both deal with how events follow each other.

개연성 is 'probability' or 'likelihood' (it probably happened that way); 인과관계 is the actual logical link.

영화의 스토리가 개연성은 있지만 인과관계가 부족하다.

인과관계 vs 필연성

Both imply a strong link.

필연성 is 'inevitability' (it HAD to happen); 인과관계 is the 'mechanism' of why it happened.

이 결과는 인과관계에 따른 필연성을 가지고 있다.

Satzmuster

A와/과 B 사이의 인과관계

스트레스와 탈모 사이의 인과관계.

인과관계가 성립되다/하다

이 논리는 인과관계가 성립하지 않는다.

인과관계를 규명하다/밝히다

사고의 원인과 인과관계를 규명해야 한다.

인과관계가 뚜렷하다/불분명하다

두 현상의 인과관계가 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

상당인과관계가 인정되다

법원은 피고의 과실과 사고 사이의 상당인과관계를 인정했다.

인과관계의 사슬에 묶이다

모든 존재는 인과관계의 사슬에 묶여 있다.

인과관계가 있다고 보다

전문가들은 두 사건 사이에 인과관계가 있다고 본다.

인과관계를 입증하기 위해

인과관계를 입증하기 위해 추가 실험을 진행했다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

원인 (Cause)

결과 (Result)

관계 (Relationship)

인과율 (Law of causality)

인과성 (Causality)

Verben

기인하다 (To result from)

야기하다 (To cause/bring about)

초래하다 (To lead to/result in)

Adjektive

인과적인 (Causal)

필연적인 (Inevitable)

상당한 (Reasonable - in legal context)

Verwandt

논리 (Logic)

추론 (Inference)

입증 (Proof)

근거 (Basis)

상관관계 (Correlation)

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frequency

High in written/academic Korean; Moderate in spoken formal Korean.

Häufige Fehler

Confusing with 상관관계 (Correlation). → 인과관계 (Causality).
Correlation is just things happening together. Causality is one thing making the other happen. This is a common logical error in TOPIK essays.
Using '인과관계하다' as a verb. → 인과관계가 있다/성립하다.
'인과관계' is a noun. You cannot turn it into a '-하다' verb. You must use it as a subject or object with another verb.
Saying 'A의 인과관계' when you mean 'A and B'. → A와 B 사이의 인과관계.
Causality is a relationship. A relationship needs two or more things. You must specify both sides of the link.
Using it for trivial daily reasons. → 이유 or 때문에.
Using '인과관계' to explain why you are late for lunch is 'over-kill' and sounds unnatural. Save it for formal contexts.
Misspelling as '인과관게'. → 인과관계.
The last syllable is '계' (gye), not '게' (ge). This is a common spelling mistake for learners.

Tipps

Avoid the Post Hoc Fallacy

Just because B happened after A doesn't mean A caused B. In Korean essays, use '인과관계' only when you have evidence of a real link, not just a time sequence.

Use with '규명하다'

When writing about investigations or research, the verb '규명하다' (to investigate/clarify) is the most natural partner for '인과관계'.

Particle Choice

Always use '와/과' when linking two things. 'A와 B의 인과관계' is the gold standard structure.

Debate Strategy

If you want to sound smart in a Korean debate, ask: '그 두 사건 사이에 실질적인 인과관계가 있다고 보십니까?' (Do you think there is a substantial causality between those two events?)

Thesis Writing

In the 'Conclusion' section of a paper, '인과관계를 입증하였다' (proved the causality) is a very strong and standard way to end.

Legal Nuance

Remember '인과관계의 단절' (break in causality). It's a key phrase used when an intervening event stops the original cause from being responsible for the final result.

Hanja Power

Learn the character 因 (인 - cause). You'll see it in other words like 원인 (cause), 요인 (factor), and 기인하다 (to result from).

News Cues

When you hear '인과관계', prepare to hear a summary of an investigation or a scientific study. It's a high-level summary word.

Karma Connection

Knowing that '인과' relates to karma helps you understand why this word feels 'heavy' and 'serious' to Koreans compared to just 'reason'.

Not for Emotions

Never say 'I love you because of causality.' It's logically true but socially disastrous. Use '이유' for feelings.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'In-Gwa' as 'In-Goes-the-cause, Out-comes-the-fruit'. The 'Gwan-Gye' is the 'Gwan-nection' (connection) between them.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a line of falling dominoes. The first domino falling is the 'In' (cause), the last one falling is the 'Gwa' (result), and the line between them is the 'Gwan-gye'.

Word Web

Logic Law Science Karma History Statistics Reason Proof

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences about a recent world event using '인과관계'. Use at least one formal verb like '규명하다' or '입증하다'.

Wortherkunft

From Middle Chinese 因 (cause) + 果 (fruit/result) + 關係 (relationship). The term '인과' (因果) has been used in East Asia for over a thousand years, primarily in Buddhist texts.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The Buddhist concept of karma, where every action (cause) has a moral consequence (fruit).

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to sound too cold or robotic by using this word during emotional tragedies unless you are speaking in a professional capacity.

In English, 'causality' sounds very technical. In Korean, '인과관계' is also technical but carries a slight philosophical echo of 'destiny' or 'fate' due to its Hanja roots.

The Buddhist Sutras (concept of 因果) Korean Civil Law (Article 750 regarding '인과관계' in torts) Famous Korean dramas like 'Stranger' (비밀의 숲) where causality is central to the plot.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Scientific Research

데이터를 통해 인과관계를 입증하다
변수 간의 인과관계를 통제하다
인과적 메커니즘을 설명하다
실험적 인과관계

Legal Trials

피고의 행위와 결과 사이의 인과관계
인과관계의 부존재
상당인과관계설
인과관계를 인정하다

Economic Analysis

시장 금리와 주가의 인과관계
인과관계가 역전되다
장기적인 인과관계
인과관계를 추적하다

Historical Study

사건의 역사적 인과관계
인과관계의 사슬을 풀다
필연적인 인과관계
인과관계를 재해석하다

Daily Logic

인과관계가 안 맞다
인과관계를 따져 묻다
단순한 인과관계
인과관계가 확실하다

Gesprächseinstiege

"기후 변화와 자연재해 사이에 어떤 인과관계가 있다고 생각하세요?"

"성공하는 사람들의 습관과 결과 사이에는 명확한 인과관계가 있을까요?"

"법원에서 인과관계를 증명하는 것이 왜 그렇게 어려울까요?"

"상관관계와 인과관계의 차이점을 설명해 주실 수 있나요?"

"역사 교육에서 인과관계를 배우는 것이 왜 중요하다고 보십니까?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

당신의 인생에서 가장 큰 변화를 일으킨 '인과관계'에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about the 'causality' that caused the biggest change in your life.)

오늘 하루 동안 일어난 일들 사이의 인과관계를 분석해 보세요. (Analyze the causality between the events that happened today.)

노력과 운 중 무엇이 성공에 더 큰 인과관계가 있다고 생각하는지 서술하세요. (Describe whether you think effort or luck has a greater causality in success.)

사회 문제 하나를 골라 그 원인과 결과의 인과관계를 논리적으로 설명해 보세요. (Pick one social issue and logically explain the causality of its cause and effect.)

인과응보(Karma)라는 개념이 현대 사회에서도 여전히 유효하다고 생각합니까? (Do you think the concept of karma is still valid in modern society?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Rarely. In daily life, Koreans prefer '이유' (reason) or '때문에' (because). '인과관계' is reserved for logical discussions, news, or academic settings. Using it while talking about why you ate pizza would sound very strange and overly formal.

'원인' is just the 'cause' itself. '인과관계' is the 'relationship' or the 'link' between that cause and its result. You can say 'The cause (원인) was fire,' but you say 'The causality (인과관계) between the fire and the damage is clear.'

You use the verb '성립하다'. So, '인과관계가 성립하다'. This is very common in legal and logical contexts to mean the argument holds up.

Both are seen, but as it is a recognized compound term, it is usually written without a space: '인과관계'.

Yes, it is a neutral term. You can discuss the '인과관계' of success, happiness, or scientific breakthroughs, not just accidents or crimes.

Yes, it is 100% Hanja: 因 (인) 果 (과) 關 (관) 係 (계). Understanding the characters helps you remember the meaning: Cause-Result-Relation-Ship.

This is a specific legal term meaning 'reasonable/adequate causality'. It means that the cause must be one that, in the ordinary course of events, would produce such a result. It's used to limit legal liability.

Practice writing sentences that link two social phenomena. For example, 'The increase in single-person households and the growth of the delivery industry have a clear causality.' This shows the examiner you can handle complex logic.

In a religious context, yes. But in 90% of modern usage (news, science, law), it just means 'cause and effect' without any spiritual meaning.

The most direct opposite concept would be '우연' (coincidence) or '무작위' (randomness), where things happen without a logical cause.

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