반증하다 in 30 Sekunden
- 반증하다 means to disprove a claim with evidence or to show a truth indirectly through a counter-result.
- It is a formal word (B2 level) used in news, law, science, and academic writing.
- Unlike direct proof (증명), it often uses a logical 'if A is true, then B must be true' approach.
- Commonly confused with '방증하다' (circumstantial evidence), but '반증' specifically implies 'opposite' or 'counter'.
The Korean verb 반증하다 (ban-jeung-ha-da) is a sophisticated term primarily used in academic, legal, and formal contexts. At its core, it refers to the act of providing counter-evidence or disproving a specific claim. However, it carries a unique linguistic nuance in Korean that often trips up learners: it is frequently used to mean that a certain fact or result indirectly proves the opposite of a negative assumption, or serves as a testament to a underlying truth.
- Literal Meaning
- To provide evidence (증거) that goes against (반대) a proposition. In scientific terms, this is akin to 'falsification'.
그의 결백을 반증할 수 있는 새로운 증거가 발견되었다. (New evidence has been found that can disprove his innocence / or provide counter-evidence against the claim of his guilt.)
In everyday high-level discourse, you will encounter this word when people are discussing statistics, social trends, or psychological motives. For instance, if a luxury brand sells out during an economic recession, a journalist might say this '반증한다' (proves indirectly) that the desire for status remains high despite financial hardship. Here, the 'counter-evidence' is against the idea that people won't spend money. It is a word of logical weight, used when you want to look beneath the surface of a situation to find what it truly reveals.
- Common Usage Context
- Used heavily in news editorials, debate panels, and research papers to link a phenomenon to its underlying cause or to challenge an existing theory.
높은 시청률은 이 드라마의 인기를 반증한다. (High viewership ratings serve as indirect proof of this drama's popularity.)
Understanding '반증하다' requires a grasp of logic. It is often paired with the particle '-음을' or '-임을'. When you see 'A는 B임을 반증한다', it literally translates to 'A provides counter-evidence to the idea that B is not true,' which effectively means 'A proves B'. This double-negative logic is very common in formal Korean writing and adds a layer of intellectual sophistication to the speaker's tone. It suggests that the conclusion is not just an observation, but a logical necessity derived from the evidence at hand.
Using 반증하다 correctly involves placing it at the end of a logical deduction. It is a transitive verb, so it requires an object—usually a clause ending in '-음' or '-함' (nominalized verbs) or a noun phrase representing a fact or theory.
- Pattern 1: [Noun]은/는 [Fact]임을 반증하다
- This is the most common pattern, meaning 'X proves indirectly that Y is true'. For example: '수출 증가는 경제 회복을 반증한다' (The increase in exports proves the economic recovery).
그의 침묵은 기소 내용이 사실임을 반증하는 것인가? (Is his silence indirect proof that the charges are true?)
In more scientific or legal settings, the word is used to actively seek the falsification of a hypothesis. In this context, it is used with words like '가설' (hypothesis) or '이론' (theory). Here, you are not proving something is true, but specifically looking for the one piece of evidence that makes the whole theory fall apart.
- Pattern 2: [Evidence]로 [Claim]을 반증하다
- This means 'To disprove [Claim] using [Evidence]'. For example: '새로운 실험 결과로 기존 이론을 반증했다' (Disproved the existing theory with new experimental results).
과학은 끊임없이 기존의 가설을 반증하며 발전한다. (Science develops by constantly disproving existing hypotheses.)
When writing, ensure that the subject of the sentence is the 'evidence' or 'phenomenon' and the object is the 'proposition' being challenged or supported. It is a powerful word to use in the conclusion of an essay to show that your data points to a specific, perhaps non-obvious, reality. It elevates your Korean from simple description to logical analysis.
You are unlikely to hear 반증하다 while ordering coffee or chatting with friends about the weather. It is a 'media and academia' word. You will hear it most frequently on the 9 PM news, in political debates, or in university lectures. It is the language of experts and analysts.
- TV News & Journalism
- News anchors use it to explain the significance of data. '취업률 하락은 경기 침체를 반증하고 있습니다' (The fall in employment rates is indirect proof of the economic recession).
전문가들은 이번 사건이 보안 시스템의 허점을 반증한다고 지적했습니다. (Experts pointed out that this incident serves as proof of the loopholes in the security system.)
In the courtroom or in legal dramas like 'Extraordinary Attorney Woo' or 'Stranger', attorneys use this word to attack the opposing side's evidence. If a witness says they were at home, but a CCTV camera shows them at a store, the lawyer will present the footage as '반증' to destroy the witness's credibility. It is a word of confrontation and truth-seeking.
- Academic Lectures
- Professors in philosophy or social sciences use it when discussing Karl Popper's 'Falsificationism' (반증주의). They argue that for a theory to be scientific, it must be possible to '반증하다' (disprove) it.
어떤 이론이 과학적이기 위해서는 반증 가능성이 있어야 합니다. (For a theory to be scientific, it must have the possibility of being disproved.)
Finally, you might see it in high-level literature or opinion pieces in newspapers (칼럼). Writers use it to provide a sophisticated twist to their arguments, showing how a seemingly small detail '반증한다' (proves) a much larger, often hidden, social reality.
The most common mistake learners (and even some native speakers) make with 반증하다 is confusing it with its phonetic and semantic cousin, 방증하다 (bang-jeung-ha-da). While they sound almost identical, their logical functions are different.
- 반증 (反證) vs. 방증 (傍證)
- '반증' is 'counter-evidence' (opposite proof). '방증' is 'circumstantial evidence' or 'supporting evidence' (side proof). People often use '반증' when they actually mean '방증' (supporting evidence), but '반증' has become so common in the sense of 'indirect proof' that it is often accepted in journalism.
Wrong: 이 사실은 그의 주장을 반증합니다. (meaning 'supports his claim')
Right: 이 사실은 그의 주장을 방증합니다. (supports) OR 이 사실은 그의 주장이 틀렸음을 반증합니다. (disproves)
Another mistake is using it in too casual a setting. Saying '내 배고픔은 내가 아침을 안 먹었음을 반증해' (My hunger disproves the idea that I ate breakfast) sounds unnaturally stiff and robotic. Stick to '보여주다' (show) or '증명하다' (prove) for daily life.
Lastly, be careful with the object markers. Since '반증하다' is often used to mean 'proves indirectly', learners sometimes forget that the object being 'disproved' is actually the negation of the truth they want to highlight. If you want to say 'Success proves hard work', the Korean logic is often 'Success disproves [the lack of hard work]'. This mental gymnastics is why the word is considered B2/C1 level.
To master 반증하다, you must know its neighbors in the semantic field of 'proving' and 'showing'. Depending on your intent, one of these might be more appropriate.
- 증명하다 (證明--)
- The general word for 'to prove'. It is direct and used in math, science, and everyday life. '이 공식이 맞음을 증명하세요' (Prove this formula is correct).
- 입증하다 (立證--)
- To substantiate or verify, often used for facts or crimes. It implies providing solid evidence to make a claim stand. '무죄를 입증하다' (To substantiate innocence).
- 방증하다 (傍證--)
- To provide circumstantial or supporting evidence. It doesn't prove the core directly but supports it from the side (傍 - side).
Comparison:
1. 증명하다: Direct proof (A=B).
2. 반증하다: Proof by contradiction or disproving (Not A implies B).
3. 방증하다: Side proof that helps the case.
If you find '반증하다' too difficult, you can often use '거부하다' (reject) or '부정하다' (deny/negate) when talking about theories, or '뒷받침하다' (support/back up) when talking about evidence. However, using '반증하다' correctly will significantly improve the 'logical' feel of your Korean speech and writing, especially in exams like the TOPIK II writing section.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
In modern Korean journalism, the word is increasingly used in a positive sense to mean 'indirectly proves' (e.g., 'Success proves effort'), which is a logical shift from its original 'disproving' meaning.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing '반' as '방' (confusing with 방증).
- Making the 'j' sound too sharp like 'ch'.
- Shortening the 'eu' sound in 'jeung'.
- Pronouncing 'ha' as 'he'.
- Missing the 'ng' nasal sound at the end of 'jeung'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Common in news and exams, but requires logical thinking.
Hard to use correctly without confusing it with '방증하다' or '증명하다'.
Used in formal speeches or debates, rare in daily life.
Can be easily misheard as '방증하다'.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Nominalization with -음/임
그가 범인임을 반증하다.
Conditional -는 한
반증이 없는 한 사실로 간주한다.
Causative -게 하다
결과가 가설을 반증하게 했다.
Reasoning with -으므로
반증되었으므로 폐기한다.
Passive voice -되다
이론이 실험에 의해 반증되었다.
Beispiele nach Niveau
이것은 틀렸음을 반증해요.
This disproves that it is wrong.
Simple present tense of 반증하다.
그 사실을 반증할 수 있어요?
Can you disprove that fact?
-ㄹ 수 있어요 (can do).
반증이 필요해요.
Counter-evidence is needed.
반증 (noun) + 이 필요해요.
그것은 반증이 아니에요.
That is not counter-evidence.
-이/가 아니에요 (is not).
반증을 찾으세요.
Find the counter-evidence.
-으세요 (imperative).
이것은 반증입니다.
This is counter-evidence.
-입니다 (formal polite).
반증이 있어요.
There is counter-evidence.
-이/가 있어요 (there is).
반증을 보여주세요.
Please show the counter-evidence.
-아/어 주세요 (request).
이 결과는 가설을 반증합니다.
This result disproves the hypothesis.
Formal declarative.
새로운 증거가 주장을 반증했어요.
New evidence disproved the claim.
Past tense.
그의 말은 사실이 아님을 반증한다.
His words disprove that it is the truth.
-임을 (nominalized clause).
반증하기 위해서 노력했어요.
I worked hard to disprove it.
-기 위해서 (in order to).
반증할 데이터가 부족해요.
There is a lack of data to disprove it.
-ㄹ Noun (adnominal future).
이것은 그가 거짓말쟁이임을 반증해요.
This proves indirectly that he is a liar.
-임을 (nominalized clause).
반증하는 것은 어렵지 않아요.
Disproving it is not difficult.
-는 것 (nominalization).
우리는 반증을 찾아야 합니다.
We must find the counter-evidence.
-아/어야 합니다 (must).
높은 판매량은 제품의 인기를 반증한다.
High sales volume serves as indirect proof of the product's popularity.
Standard written style.
이 실험은 기존 이론이 틀렸음을 반증했다.
This experiment disproved that the existing theory was wrong.
Past tense with clause.
그의 침묵은 죄책감을 반증하는 것일까?
Is his silence indirect proof of his guilt?
-는 것일까? (rhetorical question).
어떤 증거도 이 사실을 반증할 수 없다.
No evidence can disprove this fact.
Negative construction with -ㄹ 수 없다.
반증 사례를 하나만 찾아도 충분하다.
Even finding just one counter-example is enough.
-아/어도 (even if).
이 현상은 우리 사회의 단면을 반증한다.
This phenomenon proves a cross-section of our society.
Abstract noun object.
그는 자신의 무죄를 반증하려고 애썼다.
He struggled to disprove the claims against his innocence.
-려고 애쓰다 (struggle to).
통계 자료가 그의 주장을 반증하고 있다.
Statistical data is disproving his claim.
-고 있다 (progressive).
이 데이터는 기후 변화의 심각성을 반증한다.
This data serves as indirect proof of the seriousness of climate change.
Academic tone.
반증주의에 따르면 가설은 반증 가능해야 한다.
According to falsificationism, a hypothesis must be falsifiable.
Technical terminology.
성공적인 결과는 그의 노력이 헛되지 않았음을 반증한다.
The successful result proves that his efforts were not in vain.
Double negative logic.
반대 의견을 반증하기 위해 논리적인 근거를 제시했다.
Presented logical grounds to disprove the opposing opinion.
-기 위해 (purpose).
이 사건은 법 집행의 허점을 여실히 반증하고 있다.
This incident clearly proves the loopholes in law enforcement.
Adverb '여실히' (clearly).
그의 행동은 그가 팀을 배신하지 않았음을 반증한다.
His actions prove that he did not betray the team.
Complex clause.
새로운 이론이 나오면 구이론은 반증되기도 한다.
When a new theory emerges, the old one is sometimes disproved.
Passive voice '반증되다'.
우리는 이 가설이 틀렸다는 것을 반증해야만 한다.
We must disprove that this hypothesis is wrong.
-해야만 한다 (strong obligation).
명백한 반증이 없는 한 이 이론은 유효하다.
As long as there is no clear counter-evidence, this theory remains valid.
-는 한 (as long as).
그의 화려한 언변은 오히려 내면의 불안을 반증한다.
His flowery speech rather proves his inner anxiety.
Psychological nuance.
역설적으로, 실패는 그가 도전했음을 반증하는 지표다.
Paradoxically, failure is an indicator that proves he took a challenge.
Adverb '역설적으로' (paradoxically).
검찰은 피고인의 알리바이를 반증할 목격자를 확보했다.
The prosecution secured a witness to disprove the defendant's alibi.
Legal context.
이러한 사회적 진통은 성숙한 민주주의로 가는 과정을 반증한다.
These social pains prove the process of moving toward a mature democracy.
Sociopolitical context.
과학적 발견은 기존 지식의 체계를 끊임없이 반증해 나간다.
Scientific discoveries constantly go on disproving the systems of existing knowledge.
-해 나가다 (continuation).
그 논문은 선행 연구의 오류를 조목조목 반증하고 있다.
The thesis is disproving the errors of previous research point by point.
Adverb '조목조목' (item by item).
반증 가능성이 결여된 주장은 도그마에 불과하다.
A claim lacking falsifiability is nothing more than dogma.
-에 불과하다 (nothing more than).
존재하지 않음을 반증하는 것은 논리적으로 불가능에 가깝다.
Disproving non-existence is logically close to impossible.
Philosophical logic (proving a negative).
그의 지나친 겸손은 도리어 강한 자의식을 반증하는 듯하다.
His excessive humility seems to rather prove a strong self-consciousness.
Nuanced observation.
이 현상은 근대성의 모순을 반증하는 기제로 작용한다.
This phenomenon acts as a mechanism that proves the contradictions of modernity.
Academic jargon '기제' (mechanism).
역사적 사료는 당시의 지배 이데올로기가 허구였음을 반증한다.
Historical records disprove that the dominant ideology of the time was a fiction.
Historiographical context.
반증의 부담은 주장을 제기하는 측에 있는 것이 원칙이다.
In principle, the burden of counter-proof lies with the side making the claim.
Legal principle.
예술적 파격은 기존 미학의 한계를 반증하며 새로운 지평을 연다.
Artistic unconventionality proves the limits of existing aesthetics and opens new horizons.
Literary style.
그의 침묵은 긍정도 부정도 아닌, 사태의 복잡성을 반증할 뿐이었다.
His silence was neither affirmation nor denial, but merely proved the complexity of the situation.
Nuanced description.
정밀한 실험 설계만이 가설을 엄밀하게 반증할 수 있는 토대가 된다.
Only precise experimental design serves as the foundation for strictly disproving a hypothesis.
Scientific rigor.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— There is no room for counter-evidence; it is indisputable.
이것은 반증의 여지가 없는 사실이다.
— A counter-example or case used to disprove something.
그는 단 하나의 반증 사례로 내 주장을 꺾었다.
— Falsifiability; the possibility of being proven false.
과학적 이론은 반증 가능성을 가져야 한다.
— To present counter-evidence.
검사는 새로운 반증을 제시했다.
— To search for counter-evidence.
우리는 그 주장에 대한 반증을 찾고 있다.
— To become/serve as counter-evidence.
이 결과는 내 가설에 대한 반증이 되었다.
— To encounter counter-evidence or opposition.
그의 이론은 강력한 반증에 부딪혔다.
— To attempt to disprove something.
많은 학자들이 그 법칙을 반증하려고 시도했다.
— To be used as counter-evidence.
이 사진은 그의 알리바이를 깨는 반증으로 쓰였다.
— To secure counter-evidence.
경찰은 용의자의 진술을 반증할 물증을 확보했다.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Most common confusion. 방증 is supporting/circumstantial evidence. 반증 is counter-evidence/indirect proof.
입증 is specifically about proving a fact or crime with solid evidence, usually in a legal sense.
반박 is to argue against an opinion, while 반증 is to provide evidence that logically disproves it.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— Contradiction (like the story of the spear and shield). Often used when one thing 반증한다 another.
그의 말과 행동은 창과 방패처럼 서로를 반증한다.
Literary— Trying to hide the obvious truth. Evidence will eventually 반증하다 the lie.
거짓말은 손바닥으로 하늘 가리기일 뿐, 곧 반증될 것이다.
Common— Having no excuse even if one had ten mouths. Used when evidence 반증한다 guilt clearly.
반증이 너무 명확해서 입이 열 개라도 할 말이 없다.
Colloquial— To know ten things by seeing one. One small fact can 반증하다 a larger character trait.
그의 작은 실수는 평소의 불성실함을 반증한다.
Common— As clear as looking at a fire. Used when logic 반증한다 a result obviously.
결과가 실패일 것임은 반증할 필요도 없이 불 보듯 뻔하다.
Common— If a tail is long, it will be stepped on. Meaning bad deeds will eventually be 반증되다.
결국 그의 비리는 반증되어 세상에 드러났다.
Common— Where there's smoke, there's fire. A phenomenon 반증한다 an underlying cause.
소문은 그 회사의 위기를 반증하는 연기였다.
Common— Pouring water into a bottomless pot. A failure that 반증한다 a structural problem.
이 예산 낭비는 정책의 실패를 반증한다.
Common— Justice will prevail. Truth will eventually 반증하다 falsehood.
진실이 거짓을 반증하는 사필귀정의 순간이 왔다.
Formal— Illogical or nonsensical. A claim that is easily 반증되다.
그의 주장은 어불성설이라 반증할 가치도 없다.
FormalLeicht verwechselbar
Phonetically similar (ban vs. bang).
Ban (反) means opposite; Bang (傍) means side. Ban-jeung disproves or proves by contradiction; Bang-jeung supports from the side.
그의 알리바이를 반증했다 (Disproved his alibi) vs. 그의 알리바이를 방증했다 (Supported his alibi).
Both involve 'proving'.
Jeung-myeong is general and direct. Ban-jeung is specific to disproving or indirect logical deduction.
수학 문제를 증명하다 (Solve/prove a math problem) vs. 가설을 반증하다 (Disprove a hypothesis).
Both start with '반' (opposite).
Ban-bak is a verbal or written argument. Ban-jeung is the act of providing the evidence that makes the argument work.
그는 내 말에 반박했다 (He argued against me) vs. 그는 내 말을 반증했다 (He provided evidence that I was wrong).
Both end in '증'.
Hwak-jeung is about confirming something with certainty. Ban-jeung is about disproving.
범인이라는 확증 (Confirmation he is the killer) vs. 범인이 아니라는 반증 (Disproof that he is the killer).
Both involve evidence.
Geom-jeung is about verifying or inspecting to see if something is true. Ban-jeung is specifically looking for what is false.
이론을 검증하다 (Verify the theory) vs. 이론을 반증하다 (Disprove the theory).
Satzmuster
N은/는 N임을 반증한다
이 수치는 인기를 반증한다.
N으로 N을 반증하다
증거로 주장을 반증하다.
V-음은 V-음을 반증하는 것이다
성공했음은 노력했음을 반증하는 것이다.
반증의 여지가 없는 N
반증의 여지가 없는 사실.
역설적으로 ~을 반증하다
실패는 역설적으로 도전을 반증한다.
조목조목 반증해 나가다
오류를 조목조목 반증해 나갔다.
반증하려고 노력하다
그는 가설을 반증하려고 노력했다.
반증될 수밖에 없다
거짓은 결국 반증될 수밖에 없다.
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Adjektive
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Common in written media, academic texts, and formal debates. Rare in casual conversation.
-
Using '반증하다' to mean direct support.
→
방증하다 or 뒷받침하다
Learners often use '반증' when they simply want to say 'this supports my idea'. '반증' must involve an element of 'opposite' or 'disproof'.
-
Confusing '반증' with '반사' (reflection).
→
반증
While both start with '반', '반사' is physical reflection. '반증' is logical disproof.
-
Using it in casual speech.
→
보여줘 / 증명해
Saying '이게 내 사랑을 반증해' to a partner sounds very weird and robotic.
-
Incorrect object markers.
→
~임을 반증하다
Learners often forget the nominalizer '음/임' and just use a noun, which can sometimes be less natural depending on the sentence.
-
Thinking '반증' means 'half-proof'.
→
Counter-proof
The '반' here is 'opposite' (反), not 'half' (半).
Tipps
Use with nominalized clauses
When using '반증하다' to mean 'proves indirectly', always use the '-음/임' form for the object. For example: '그의 성공은 노력했음을 반증한다'.
Distinguish from 방증
This is the most important tip. If you want to say something 'supports' a claim, use '방증'. If it 'disproves' or 'proves by contradiction', use '반증'.
Save for formal writing
Use this word in essays, reports, or speeches to instantly elevate your level of Korean. It makes your logic sound tighter.
Think of the double negative
To use '반증하다' as 'prove', think: 'This evidence makes the opposite of my point impossible to believe'.
Listen for '여실히'
The adverb '여실히' (clearly/vividly) is very often paired with '반증하다' in news broadcasts.
Scientific falsification
In science, '반증하다' is the gold standard. A theory that cannot be disproved is not considered scientific.
Legal counter-proof
In law, '반증' is used to specifically target and destroy the validity of the other side's evidence.
TOPIK Writing Tip
In the 54th question of TOPIK II (the long essay), using '반증하다' correctly can help you get a higher score in the 'Vocabulary and Grammar' category.
반증의 여지가 없다
Learn this phrase! It means 'There is no room for doubt/disproof' and is a very strong way to state a fact.
The 'V' and 'X' trick
증명 is a 'V' (Check/True). 반증 is an 'X' (Cross/False) that leads you to the 'V'.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of 'BAN' (as in 'to ban' or 'against') and 'JEUNG' (as in 'evidence' like 'jeung-geo'). So, 'BAN-JEUNG' is 'evidence that bans a claim'.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a courtroom where a lawyer slams a photo on the table that completely ruins the opponent's story. That photo is '반증'.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to find one news headline today that uses '반증하다' and explain why they used that word instead of '증명하다'.
Wortherkunft
Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). '반' (反) means to oppose or reverse. '증' (證) means to prove or provide evidence. '하다' is the Korean verb-forming suffix.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To provide evidence that opposes a claim.
Sino-KoreanKultureller Kontext
It is a purely logical and intellectual term; it carries no specific social taboos, but using it in very casual settings can make you seem arrogant or overly formal.
English speakers often use 'disprove' or 'refute', but rarely use 'indirectly prove' in the same way Koreans use '반증하다'.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Scientific Research
- 가설을 반증하다
- 반증 가능한 이론
- 실험 데이터로 반증하다
- 반증 사례를 찾다
Legal Proceedings
- 알리바이를 반증하다
- 증언을 반증하다
- 물증으로 반증하다
- 무죄를 반증하다
Social Analysis
- 현상이 심각성을 반증하다
- 트렌드가 변화를 반증하다
- 수치가 현실을 반증하다
- 역설적으로 반증하다
Debates
- 상대의 논리를 반증하다
- 근거를 조목조목 반증하다
- 주장의 허구성을 반증하다
- 반증의 여지가 없다
Academic Writing
- 선행 연구를 반증하다
- 논문에서 반증하다
- 이론적 틀을 반증하다
- 반증적 관점
Gesprächseinstiege
"최근의 높은 물가는 경기 불황을 반증하는 것일까요? (Do you think the recent high prices are indirect proof of an economic recession?)"
"그 영화의 흥행은 관객들의 수준이 높아졌음을 반증한다고 생각하세요? (Do you think the movie's success proves that the audience's standards have risen?)"
"아이들의 행동이 부모의 교육 방식을 반증한다고 보시나요? (Do you see children's behavior as reflecting/proving their parents' education style?)"
"이 데이터가 우리의 가설을 반증한다면 어떻게 해야 할까요? (What should we do if this data disproves our hypothesis?)"
"어떤 사실이 당신의 주장을 반증할 수 있을까요? (What fact could possibly disprove your claim?)"
Tagebuch-Impulse
오늘 내가 본 현상 중 우리 사회의 문제점을 반증하는 것이 있었나? (Was there anything I saw today that proves a problem in our society?)
나의 과거 실패가 오히려 나의 성장을 반증했던 경험에 대해 써보자. (Write about an experience where a past failure actually proved your growth.)
누군가의 비판을 논리적으로 반증했던 순간을 기록해보자. (Record a moment when you logically disproved someone's criticism.)
과학적 반증 가능성이 왜 중요한지 나의 생각을 정리해보자. (Organize your thoughts on why scientific falsifiability is important.)
겉모습과 실제 성격이 반증되는 사례를 관찰해 적어보자. (Observe and write about cases where appearance and actual personality are contradictory/proving the opposite.)
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenLiterally, yes. However, in Korean, it is very often used to mean 'serves as indirect proof of something else'. For example, 'High sales prove (반증한다) the product's quality' means the lack of quality is disproved by the high sales.
It's better not to. It sounds like you are giving a lecture. Use '보여주다' (show) or '증명하다' (prove) instead.
Ban-bak (반박) is the argument you make. Ban-jeung (반증) is the evidence you use to make that argument valid.
Yes, it frequently appears in the TOPIK II reading and writing sections, especially in passages about science or social issues.
Remember 'Ban' (反) as 'Reverse/Against' (like a ban). Remember 'Bang' (傍) as 'By the side' (like a bypass). 'Ban' goes against the claim; 'Bang' stands by it.
Yes, it is the passive form meaning 'to be disproved'. '그의 이론은 결국 반증되었다' (His theory was eventually disproved).
Usually, the subject is a fact, data, or evidence. You can say 'He disproved the claim', but it's more common to say 'The evidence disproved the claim'.
It is 'Falsificationism', a philosophical principle by Karl Popper stating that for something to be scientific, it must be possible to prove it false (반증 가능성).
Yes, 反 (반대할 반) and 證 (증거 증).
Not necessarily. While it means 'disprove', in the sense of 'indirect proof', it can be used to highlight positive things like effort or success.
Teste dich selbst 200 Fragen
'높은 가격'이 '품질이 좋음'을 반증한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
새로운 증거가 그의 주장을 반증했다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
가설을 반증하는 것은 과학의 발전에서 중요하다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
그의 성공은 노력이 헛되지 않았음을 반증한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
반증의 여지가 없는 확실한 사실이라는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
CCTV 영상이 범인의 진술을 반증했다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
이 현상은 우리 사회의 어두운 면을 반증한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
과학적 이론은 반드시 반증 가능해야 한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
그의 침묵은 그가 범인임을 반증하는 것일까라는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
조목조목 반증하여 상대의 논리를 무너뜨렸다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
역설적으로 실패는 도전을 반증한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
이 실험 결과는 기존 이론을 반증하기에 충분하다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
아무도 이 명백한 사실을 반증할 수 없다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
자료를 통해 그의 거짓말을 반증했다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
이번 사건은 법의 허점을 여실히 반증한다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
반증 사례를 찾는 것은 어렵지 않았다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
그의 화려한 변명은 오히려 죄책감을 반증했다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
통계 자료가 정부의 발표를 반증하고 있다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
이론이 반증되었을 때 과학자는 새로운 길을 찾는다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
반증을 통해 진실에 한 걸음 더 다가갔다는 문장을 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'반증하다'를 넣어 '성공'에 대해 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
친구의 주장을 '반증'하고 싶을 때 어떻게 말할까요?
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
뉴스 앵커처럼 '경기 침체'에 대해 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'반증 가능성'에 대해 설명해 보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
법정에서 변호사처럼 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'역설적 반증'에 대해 예를 들어 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
상대방의 논리적 오류를 지적할 때 '반증'을 써보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'반증의 여지가 없다'를 넣어 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
자신의 경험 중 '반증'된 사례를 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
아이에게 '반증'을 쉽게 설명해 보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
토론에서 '반박' 대신 '반증'을 써보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'여실히'를 넣어 '반증하다'를 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'반증주의'에 대해 짧게 발표해 보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
드라마 속 한 장면처럼 '알리바이 반증'을 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
사회의 문제점을 '반증'이라는 단어로 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
누군가의 거짓말을 '반증'했을 때의 기분을 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'반증'의 한자 뜻을 넣어 설명해 보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
학술적 논의에서 '반증'의 역할을 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'조목조목'을 넣어 말해보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
마지막으로 '반증하다'의 중요성을 강조해 보세요.
Read this aloud:
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
뉴스를 듣고 빈칸을 채우세요: '이번 결과는 경제 위기를 ( )하고 있습니다.'
대화에서 '반증'이 들리면 어떤 상황인가요?
교수의 강의: '포퍼의 ( )주의는 과학의 핵심입니다.'
변호사의 말: '이것이 결정적인 ( )입니다.'
라디오 토론: '그 수치는 인기를 ( )하는 지표입니다.'
'반증'과 '방증' 중 무엇이 들렸나요? (반증)
드라마 대사: '내가 범인이 아니라는 걸 ( )해 봐!'
다큐멘터리: '자연의 섭리는 인간의 오만을 ( )한다.'
앵커: '여실히 ( )하고 있습니다.'
강연: '반증의 ( )가 없는 진리는 없습니다.'
뉴스: '실패는 도전을 ( )합니다.'
토론: '조목조목 ( )해 보겠습니다.'
대화: '그게 사실이 아님을 ( )했어.'
강의: '가설은 ( ) 가능해야 과학입니다.'
뉴스: '이 사건은 사회적 불안을 ( )합니다.'
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
When you want to say that a result 'proves' something in a sophisticated, logical way (especially by disproving the alternative), use '반증하다'. Example: '그녀의 성공은 노력이 배신하지 않음을 반증한다' (Her success proves that effort does not betray).
- 반증하다 means to disprove a claim with evidence or to show a truth indirectly through a counter-result.
- It is a formal word (B2 level) used in news, law, science, and academic writing.
- Unlike direct proof (증명), it often uses a logical 'if A is true, then B must be true' approach.
- Commonly confused with '방증하다' (circumstantial evidence), but '반증' specifically implies 'opposite' or 'counter'.
Use with nominalized clauses
When using '반증하다' to mean 'proves indirectly', always use the '-음/임' form for the object. For example: '그의 성공은 노력했음을 반증한다'.
Distinguish from 방증
This is the most important tip. If you want to say something 'supports' a claim, use '방증'. If it 'disproves' or 'proves by contradiction', use '반증'.
Save for formal writing
Use this word in essays, reports, or speeches to instantly elevate your level of Korean. It makes your logic sound tighter.
Think of the double negative
To use '반증하다' as 'prove', think: 'This evidence makes the opposite of my point impossible to believe'.
Beispiel
그의 성공은 불우한 환경이 장애가 되지 않음을 반증한다.
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr academic Wörter
입체적
B2Dreidimensional wirkend oder etwas aus mehreren Perspektiven betrachtend.
~에 관해
B1Ein Ausdruck, der 'über' oder 'betreffend' bedeutet. Er wird in formellen Kontexten verwendet, um ein Thema einzuleiten.
~에 대하여
A2Über oder bezüglich eines bestimmten Themas. 'Ich lerne über die koreanische Geschichte.'
~대해
A2Es bedeutet 'über' oder 'bezüglich'. Man verwendet es, um das Thema eines Gesprächs oder Gedankens anzugeben.
~에 관하여
A2Bezüglich oder über ein Thema. Wird in formalen Situationen wie Berichten oder Reden verwendet.
~에 대해(서)
A1Bezeichnet das Thema oder den Gegenstand einer Diskussion und bedeutet 'über' oder 'bezüglich'. Es wird häufig mit Verben des Sagens oder Denkens verwendet.
무엇보다
A2Vor allem; mehr als alles andere.
결석생
A2A student who is absent from class.
추상화하다
B2Abstrahieren: etwas theoretisch oder losgelöst von seiner physischen Realität betrachten.
추상
A2Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
