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B2 verb #3,500 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

선행하다

seonhaenghada Top 3,500

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At the A1 level, '선행하다' is too difficult. Instead, you should focus on the word '먼저' (first) or '-기 전에' (before). For example, instead of saying '식사가 산책에 선행한다' (Eating precedes the walk), you would say '밥을 먼저 먹고 산책해요' (I eat first and then walk). '선행하다' is a word you will see much later in your studies, but it is good to know that it is related to the '선' (Sun) you see in '선생님' (teacher - one who was born first/earlier).

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At the A2 level, you might encounter '선행하다' in the context of '선행 학습' (advance learning) when people talk about Korean schools. You don't need to use the verb yourself yet, but recognize that '선' means 'before'. You can continue using '앞서다' (to be ahead) for simple things like running a race or '먼저' for the order of your day. Think of '선행' as a more 'official' way to say 'first'.

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At the B1 level, you should start recognizing '선행하다' in news articles or formal announcements. You might see it in sentences like '이론 교육이 선행되어야 합니다' (Theory education must come first). You should understand that this word implies a formal or necessary order. You can start using it in your writing when you want to sound more professional, especially when discussing plans or logical steps in a presentation.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '선행하다' correctly in formal writing and discussions. You should understand the nuance that it often implies a prerequisite (a condition that must be met). You should be comfortable using the passive form '선행되다' and the noun-modifying form '선행하는'. You should also be able to distinguish it from its homonym meaning 'good deeds' by looking at the context of the sentence.

At the C1 level, you should use '선행하다' with precision in academic and professional contexts. You will use it to describe complex dependencies in research papers, legal arguments, or technical specifications. You should also be aware of related high-level terms like '선행 조건' (prerequisite), '선행 연구' (prior research), and '선행 지표' (leading indicator). You can use it to create sophisticated arguments about the necessary sequence of social or economic events.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '선행하다' and its stylistic implications. You can use it to discuss abstract philosophical concepts of time and causality. You understand its historical usage and can distinguish it from other specialized terms like '전제하다' (to premise) or '상정하다' (to assume). You can use the word in any register, though you naturally choose it for formal contexts to maintain a high level of linguistic sophistication.

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선행하다 in 30 Sekunden

A formal verb meaning 'to precede' or 'to happen first' in a sequence.
Often used to describe prerequisites or prior conditions in professional settings.
Commonly found in academic writing, news reports, and discussions about education.
Distinguishable from its 'good deed' homonym by context and formal usage patterns.

The Korean verb 선행하다 (先行--) is a sophisticated, formal term primarily used to describe a relationship where one event, condition, or action occurs before another in time, space, or logic. Derived from the Hanja characters 先 (first/ahead) and 行 (to go/act), it literally means 'to go first.' While it can be used for physical movement, its most frequent application in modern Korean is within academic, professional, and technical contexts to denote a prerequisite or a necessary prior step. When you use this word, you are often implying that 'A' is not just happening before 'B', but that 'A' is a foundation upon which 'B' is built. This makes it a crucial word for discussing planning, scientific processes, historical sequences, and logical arguments.

Temporal Precedence: In historical or narrative contexts, it identifies which event took place earlier in a sequence. For example, a political movement might 선행하다 (precede) a major revolution.

이론 교육이 실습보다 선행해야 합니다. (Theoretical education must precede practical training.)

Logical Prerequisite: In research and logic, it refers to conditions that must be satisfied before a conclusion can be reached or a project can move forward. If you are building a house, the foundation work must 선행하다 the framing.

In daily life, you might not use '선행하다' to say you ate breakfast before work (you'd use '먼저'), but you would use it when discussing a complex project at a company meeting or writing a formal report. It carries a weight of structural importance. It tells the listener that the order of operations is not arbitrary but essential. For instance, in social policy discussions, experts might argue that economic stability must 선행하다 (precede) certain social reforms to ensure their success. This nuance of 'necessity' is what separates it from simpler words like '앞서다'.

철저한 시장 조사가 제품 개발에 선행되어야 성공 가능성이 높습니다. (Thorough market research must precede product development for a high chance of success.)

Spatial Precedence: While less common than temporal usage, it can describe a leader or a scout who goes ahead of a group in a physical journey or a parade.

Furthermore, it is important to distinguish this '선행하다' (先行, to precede) from another homonym '선행하다' (善行, to do good deeds). While the latter is common in moral discussions, the context usually makes the difference clear. If the subject is a policy, a study, or a physical sequence, it is almost certainly 'to precede'. If the subject is a person acting kindly, it is 'to do good'. Understanding this distinction is a hallmark of B2-level proficiency in Korean.

Using 선행하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical patterns. Because it describes a relationship between two things, it often appears with particles like -보다 (than/before) or within the passive construction -이/가 선행되다 (to be preceded). The active form '선행하다' is used when the subject is the thing that happens first. For example, 'A가 B에 선행하다' (A precedes B). However, in many formal contexts, Koreans prefer the passive 'B에 A가 선행되어야 한다' (A must be preceded by B, or more naturally: A must happen before B).

성공적인 협상을 위해서는 상호 신뢰가 선행되어야 합니다. (For a successful negotiation, mutual trust must come first.)

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the level of formality. Since '선행하다' is a Sino-Korean word (Hanja), it is most at home in 하십시오체 (formal polite) or 해요체 (polite) styles. It is rarely used in casual '반말' unless discussing something like schoolwork or a serious plan. In academic writing, it is often found in the plain form 선행한다. Another common pattern is using it as an adjective to modify a noun: 선행하는... (the preceding...).

Pattern 1: [A]가 [B]보다 선행하다: This is the most direct way to say A happens before B. '이론이 실제보다 선행하는 경우가 많다' (There are many cases where theory precedes practice.)

Pattern 2: [A]에 [B]가 선행되다: This passive structure emphasizes the prerequisite. '개발에 앞서 타당성 조사가 선행되었다' (A feasibility study preceded the development.)

어떤 조치에 선행하여 원인 분석이 이루어졌다. (Preceding any measures, a cause analysis was conducted.)

One nuance to master is the use of the connective -아/어/여야. Because '선행하다' often deals with prerequisites, you will see it paired with 'must' very often. '선행되어야 한다' is perhaps the most common phrase you will encounter in business proposals and academic conclusions. It signals a logical necessity that cannot be bypassed. If you are describing a simple sequence of events that happened by chance, '먼저 일어났다' is better. Use '선행하다' when the order is intentional or structurally required.

You will encounter 선행하다 in several specific domains in South Korea. First and foremost is the education sector. South Korea is famous for its competitive education system, and the term 선행 학습 (advance learning) is a household phrase. You will hear parents discussing whether their children should '선행' (study ahead) the next year's math curriculum during the summer break. In this context, the verb is often shortened or used in its noun form, but the meaning of 'preceding the standard schedule' is central.

과도한 선행 학습은 오히려 학습 의욕을 떨어뜨릴 수 있습니다. (Excessive advance learning can actually decrease the will to study.)

The second major domain is news and politics. When a new law is being proposed, news anchors will often say that '사회적 합의가 선행되어야 한다' (a social consensus must come first). Here, it is used to set the stage for what needs to happen before a major change can occur. It sounds authoritative and professional. If you listen to a CEO's New Year address or a government briefing, '선행하다' will appear whenever they discuss strategic priorities and the order of national or corporate goals.

Academic Lectures: Professors use this word to explain the relationship between different theories or historical periods. '고전주의가 낭만주의에 선행합니다' (Classicism precedes Romanticism.)

Technical Manuals: In engineering or software development, the word is used to describe dependencies. 'A 프로그램의 설치가 B 프로그램의 실행보다 선행되어야 합니다.' (Installation of Program A must precede execution of Program B.)

이 작업을 하기 전에는 반드시 안전 점검이 선행되어야 합니다. (A safety check must precede this work without fail.)

Lastly, you will see it in legal and administrative documents. When applying for a visa or a permit, there are often '선행 조건' (pre-conditions) that must be met. Reading these documents requires a firm grasp of this verb to ensure you don't miss a vital step in a process. It conveys a sense of rigorous order that is characteristic of Korean bureaucracy and professional standards. While you might not hear it in a K-drama about high school romance (unless they're talking about exams!), you will certainly hear it in a legal drama or a corporate thriller.

The most common mistake learners make with 선행하다 is confusing it with its homonym that means 'to do good deeds' (善行--). While they are spelled and pronounced identically in Hangul, their origins and meanings are completely different. If you tell someone '선행해야 합니다' in a conversation about charity, they will understand you mean 'you must do good works.' But if you say it in a meeting about a project timeline, they will understand 'this must happen first.' Context is everything. To avoid confusion, remember that '先行' (precede) is usually followed by a target of comparison (using -보다 or -에), whereas '善行' (good deed) is usually an intransitive action performed by a person.

Mistake: '어제 저는 선행했어요.' (I preceded yesterday? - Incorrect if you meant 'I did a good deed' in a formal way.)
Correction: To avoid ambiguity, use '착한 일을 했어요' for good deeds in casual speech.

Another mistake is using '선행하다' in contexts that are too casual. Because it is a formal, Sino-Korean word, using it to describe your daily routine sounds very stiff and unnatural. For example, saying '밥 먹는 것이 학교 가는 것에 선행했다' (Eating preceded going to school) sounds like a robot or a very dry textbook. In these cases, simply use 먼저 (first) or -기 전에 (before doing). Reserve '선행하다' for when you want to sound professional, academic, or when the 'prior condition' aspect is important.

Particle Confusion: Learners often struggle with whether to use '에' or '보다'. Use '보다' when comparing two events directly (A is earlier than B). Use '에' or '에 앞서' when '선행하다' is acting as a prerequisite for a specific goal or event.

Passive vs. Active: Mistaking '선행하다' for '선행되다'. While both are used, '선행되다' (to be preceded/to be made to happen first) is much more common when talking about requirements imposed by a system or a plan. '선행하다' is more about the natural or logical order itself.

Wrong: 기초가 선행해요. (Grammatically okay, but weak.)
Better: 기초가 선행되어야 합니다. (The foundation must be established first.)

Finally, avoid overusing it in the 'advance learning' (선행 학습) sense if you are not talking about education. Some learners see '선행' so often in the context of Korean 'Hagwons' (private academies) that they think it just means 'to study'. Remember that '선행' is just the 'going first' part; '학습' is the 'learning' part. If you want to say you studied in advance, '예습하다' (to preview/prepare for a lesson) is often the more appropriate and common verb for students.

Understanding the synonyms and alternatives for 선행하다 will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most common alternative is 앞서다. While '선행하다' is formal and Sino-Korean, '앞서다' is a native Korean word. '앞서다' can be used for physical racing (being ahead of someone), being more advanced (leading in technology), or happening earlier. It is much more versatile and used in both casual and formal speech.

앞서다 (To be ahead / To precede): Used for physical position or general order. '그가 나보다 앞서 갔다' (He went ahead of me). '선행하다' would sound too formal here.

전제되다 (To be prerequisited / To be premised): Used when 'A' is a logical premise for 'B'. If 'A' isn't true or doesn't happen, 'B' cannot exist. This is even more formal and logical than '선행하다'.

비교:
1. 조사가 선행되었다. (The investigation happened first - focus on order.)
2. 조사가 전제되었다. (The investigation was a required premise - focus on logic.)

Another similar word is 우선하다 (to take priority). While '선행하다' is about the *sequence* (what happens first), '우선하다' is about *importance* (what should be done first because it's more vital). Often, the thing that '선행' must also '우선', but they focus on different aspects of the task. If you have limited time, you '우선' the most important task. If you have a sequence of steps, you '선행' the first step.

먼저 일어나다 (To happen first): The most common, plain way to say something preceded something else in time. Use this in daily conversation.

예비하다 (To prepare / To reserve): While not a direct synonym, '선행 조건' are often '예비' (preparatory) steps. It focuses on the act of getting ready.

실천이 말보다 앞서야 한다. (Action should precede words. - Common proverb-like usage.)

In summary, choose '선행하다' when you are in a formal setting and want to emphasize that one thing is a necessary precursor or comes earlier in a structured sequence. Choose '앞서다' for general leading or being ahead. Choose '먼저' for everyday chronological order. By mastering these distinctions, your Korean will sound more precise and professional.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The character '先' (선) is the same one used in '선생님' (teacher), which historically meant someone who was born before you and thus had more wisdom to share.

Aussprachehilfe

UK sʌnhɛŋhada

US sʌnhɛŋhɑdɑ

The primary stress is on the second syllable '행' (haeng).

Reimt sich auf

진행하다 (to progress) 행행하다 (to be lucky - rare) 병행하다 (to do in parallel) 수행하다 (to perform) 강행하다 (to force through) 동행하다 (to accompany) 여행하다 (to travel) 발행하다 (to issue)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '행' as 'heng' with a very flat 'e'. It should have a slight 'ae' (ㅐ) sound.
Putting too much emphasis on '선' (sun).
Confusing the 'h' sound in '행' and '하' - both should be clear.
Merging '선' and '행' into one syllable.
Failing to aspirate the 'h' sounds properly.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in formal texts, but requires understanding of Hanja-based vocabulary.

Schreiben 4/5

Using the correct particles (-에 vs -보다) and passive form (-되다) can be tricky.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context to use it naturally is the challenge.

Hören 4/5

Must be distinguished from the homonym for 'good deeds' in fast speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

먼저 앞서다 전 공부 조건

Als Nächstes lernen

전제하다 상정하다 후행하다 우선순위 필수적

Fortgeschritten

기저에 깔리다 수반하다 병행하다 귀결되다

Wichtige Grammatik

-아/어/여야 한다 (Must)

조사가 선행되어야 합니다.

-기 전에 (Before doing)

시작하기 전에 선행 작업이 필요합니다.

-이/가 되다 (Passive voice)

조건이 선행되었다.

-보다 (Comparison)

이론이 실제보다 선행한다.

-에 (Target particle)

발전에 선행하는 조건.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

밥을 먼저 먹어요.

I eat first.

A1 uses '먼저' instead of '선행하다'.

학교에 가기 전에 숙제를 해요.

I do homework before going to school.

A1 uses '-기 전에' for sequence.

선생님이 먼저 가요.

The teacher goes first.

Simple sentence with '먼저'.

1번이 2번보다 앞이에요.

Number 1 is before number 2.

Using '앞' for position.

어제 공부를 먼저 했어요.

I studied first yesterday.

Past tense with '먼저'.

먼저 말을 하세요.

Please speak first.

Imperative with '먼저'.

손을 먼저 씻으세요.

Wash your hands first.

Instruction using '먼저'.

아침이 점심보다 먼저예요.

Morning is before lunch.

Simple comparison.

선행 학습이 뭐예요?

What is advance learning?

Introduction to the noun form '선행'.

그 선수는 다른 선수보다 앞서고 있어요.

That athlete is ahead of the others.

Using '앞서다' for physical precedence.

먼저 도착한 사람이 기다려요.

The person who arrives first waits.

Using '먼저' as an adverb.

계획이 실행보다 앞서야 해요.

Planning must come before execution.

A2 level logic using '앞서다'.

이 책을 먼저 읽어 보세요.

Try reading this book first.

Suggestive '-어 보다' with '먼저'.

비가 오기 전에 집에 갔어요.

I went home before it rained.

Time clause with '-기 전에'.

순서가 중요해요. 1번이 먼저예요.

The order is important. Number 1 is first.

Emphasizing order.

그는 나보다 한 발 앞서 나갔다.

He stepped out one step ahead of me.

Idiomatic use of '앞서다'.

실험에 앞서 안전 교육이 선행되어야 합니다.

Safety training must precede the experiment.

Formal requirement using '선행되다'.

이론이 실제에 선행하는 경우가 많습니다.

There are many cases where theory precedes practice.

Abstract relationship using '선행하다'.

철저한 준비가 선행되어야 성공할 수 있습니다.

Success is possible only if thorough preparation comes first.

Conditional logic with '선행되다'.

원인 분석이 해결책보다 선행해야 합니다.

Cause analysis must precede the solution.

Problem-solving context.

선행 연구를 검토하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to review prior research.

Academic term '선행 연구'.

어떤 조치가 선행되어야 할까요?

Which measure should come first?

Inquiry about priorities.

이 일은 다른 일보다 선행해서 처리해 주세요.

Please handle this task before other tasks.

Using '선행해서' as an adverbial phrase.

기초 공사가 선행되지 않으면 건물이 위험합니다.

If the foundation work doesn't come first, the building is dangerous.

Negative conditional.

성공적인 개혁을 위해서는 국민적 합의가 선행되어야 한다.

For successful reform, national consensus must precede it.

B2 level political discussion.

경제 발전이 민주화에 선행했다는 주장이 있다.

There is an argument that economic development preceded democratization.

Historical/Sociological argument.

기술 개발에 선행하여 시장 조사가 이루어졌다.

Market research was conducted prior to technology development.

Using '-에 선행하여' as a formal connective.

이 프로젝트는 타당성 조사가 선행되어야 진행될 수 있습니다.

This project can proceed only after a feasibility study is conducted first.

Business prerequisite.

선행 조건이 충족되지 않아 승인이 거부되었습니다.

The approval was denied because the prerequisites were not met.

Administrative context '선행 조건'.

과도한 선행 학습은 공교육의 근간을 흔들 수 있다.

Excessive advance learning can shake the foundation of public education.

Social issue discussion.

본격적인 논의에 선행하여 용어의 정의를 명확히 합시다.

Prior to the main discussion, let's clarify the definitions of the terms.

Formal meeting procedure.

신뢰 구축이 협력에 선행해야 한다는 점을 강조하고 싶습니다.

I want to emphasize that building trust must precede cooperation.

Emphasizing a logical order.

인식의 변화가 제도적 보완에 선행되어야 실질적인 효과를 거둘 수 있다.

A change in perception must precede institutional supplements to achieve practical effects.

Complex abstract logic.

역사적으로 볼 때, 산업 혁명은 과학적 발견의 축적에 선행되었다.

Historically speaking, the Industrial Revolution was preceded by an accumulation of scientific discoveries.

Passive voice in historical analysis.

선행하는 사건이 후행하는 결과의 직접적인 원인이 아닐 수도 있다.

A preceding event may not be the direct cause of the following result.

Philosophical/Logical distinction.

국가 간의 긴밀한 공조가 환경 문제 해결에 선행되어야 함은 자명하다.

It is self-evident that close cooperation between nations must precede the resolution of environmental issues.

Formal '자명하다' pattern.

데이터의 정제 과정이 분석 모델의 구축보다 선행되어야 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

The data cleaning process must precede the construction of the analysis model to obtain accurate results.

Technical/Scientific context.

자본의 투입이 기술적 도약에 선행하는 것이 일반적인 경제 논리이다.

It is general economic logic that the injection of capital precedes a technological leap.

Economic principle.

법적 검토가 계약 체결에 선행되어야 차후의 분쟁을 방지할 수 있습니다.

Legal review must precede the signing of the contract to prevent future disputes.

Legal prerequisite.

인간의 존엄성에 대한 존중이 모든 사회 규범에 선행하는 절대적 가치이다.

Respect for human dignity is an absolute value that precedes all social norms.

Ethical/Philosophical statement.

존재가 본질에 선행한다는 실존주의적 명제는 현대 철학에 큰 획을 그었다.

The existentialist proposition that existence precedes essence marked a significant milestone in modern philosophy.

Sartre's philosophy in Korean.

언어적 선행 지표들이 향후 경제 위기의 징후를 미리 암시하고 있었다.

Linguistic leading indicators were already hinting at the signs of a future economic crisis.

Advanced economic analysis.

어떠한 행위도 그에 선행하는 의도 없이는 도덕적 판단의 대상이 되기 어렵다.

It is difficult for any action to be subject to moral judgment without an intention preceding it.

Complex moral philosophy.

선행된 논의들을 종합해 볼 때, 우리는 새로운 패러다임의 전환기에 서 있다.

Synthesizing the preceding discussions, we stand at a turning point of a new paradigm.

High-level synthesis of ideas.

감각적 경험이 이성적 판단에 선행한다는 인식론적 관점은 오랜 논쟁의 대상이다.

The epistemological perspective that sensory experience precedes rational judgment is a subject of long-standing debate.

Epistemological debate.

제도의 정착을 위해서는 문화적 수용성이 선행되어야 한다는 점이 간과되어서는 안 된다.

The point that cultural receptivity must precede the establishment of a system must not be overlooked.

Sophisticated social commentary.

기후 변화에 대한 선제적 대응은 과학적 데이터의 면밀한 분석에 선행되어야 한다.

Preemptive response to climate change must be preceded by a close analysis of scientific data.

Policy recommendation.

본 연구는 선행 연구들의 한계를 극복하고 새로운 지평을 열고자 한다.

This study aims to overcome the limitations of prior research and open new horizons.

Standard C2 academic introduction.

Synonyme

앞서다 먼저 일어나다 선도하다

Gegenteile

후행하다 뒤처지다 따르다

Häufige Kollokationen

조사가 선행하다

이론이 선행하다

선행 학습

선행 조건

선행 연구

투자가 선행되다

합의가 선행되다

선행 지표

실천이 선행하다

분석이 선행되다

Häufige Phrasen

선행되어야 한다

— It must happen first. Used to state a prerequisite.

신뢰가 선행되어야 합니다.

선행하여

— In advance of / Prior to. Used as a connective.

발표에 선행하여 자료를 배포했다.

선행하는

— Preceding / Previous. Used to modify a noun.

선행하는 사건들을 조사했다.

선행을 베풀다

— To do a good deed. (Note: This uses the homonym '선행' meaning good act).

그는 평소에 선행을 많이 베푼다.

선행 학습 금지

— Ban on advance learning. A common social topic in Korea.

선행 학습 금지법이 시행되었다.

선행 지수

— Leading index. Used in economics to predict trends.

경기 선행 지수가 하락했다.

선행 작업

— Prior work / Preliminary work.

선행 작업이 늦어져서 전체 일정이 밀렸다.

선행 모델

— Preceding model / Early model.

이 차는 선행 모델의 단점을 보완했다.

선행 기술

— Prior art / Preceding technology. Used in patent law.

선행 기술 조사를 통해 특허 가능성을 확인했다.

선행자

— Predecessor / One who went first.

그는 이 분야의 선행자로서 존경받는다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

선행하다 vs 선행 (善行)

Homonym meaning 'good deed'. Precedence (先行) is logical; Good deeds (善行) are moral.

선행하다 vs 앞서다

Native Korean word. '앞서다' is more common for physical position or being 'better' than someone.

선행하다 vs 예습하다

Specifically means to prepare for a lesson. '선행' is broader and can mean studying far ahead of schedule.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"말이 앞서다"

— To talk more than act; words precede actions in a negative way.

그는 항상 실천보다 말이 앞선다.

Neutral

"생각이 앞서다"

— To be overly eager or to think too far ahead without acting.

마음만 급해서 생각이 앞서면 실수를 하기 쉽다.

Neutral

"시대에 앞서다"

— To be ahead of one's time.

그의 예술은 시대에 너무 앞서 있었다.

Formal

"순서가 뒤바뀌다"

— The order is reversed (used when something that should '선행' happens later).

주객이 전도되어 순서가 뒤바뀌었다.

Neutral

"첫 단추를 잘 끼우다"

— To start well (implies the importance of the first preceding step).

선행 작업에서 첫 단추를 잘 끼워야 한다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"밑거름이 되다"

— To become the foundation (the thing that precedes and helps growth).

선행 연구가 이 발견의 밑거름이 되었다.

Neutral

"길을 닦다"

— To pave the way (to do the work that precedes others).

그는 후배들을 위해 길을 닦아 놓았다.

Neutral

"발 빠르게 움직이다"

— To move quickly (often to precede others in a market).

기업들이 선행 기술 확보를 위해 발 빠르게 움직이고 있다.

Neutral

"앞뒤가 안 맞다"

— The front and back don't match (logical inconsistency in sequence).

그의 말은 앞뒤가 안 맞아서 믿기 어렵다.

Neutral

"먼저 매 맞는 것이 낫다"

— Better to get the hard part over with first (precede the trouble).

어차피 할 일이라면 먼저 매 맞는 것이 낫다.

Informal/Proverb

Leicht verwechselbar

선행하다 vs 우선하다

Both involve being 'first'.

'선행' is about the order/sequence. '우선' is about importance/priority. You can '우선' (prioritize) something that doesn't necessarily '선행' (come first in time).

안전이 모든 가치에 우선한다.

선행하다 vs 전제하다

Both describe a prior condition.

'전제하다' is more about a logical assumption or premise. '선행하다' is about the actual event or condition happening first.

그는 모든 사람이 평등하다는 것을 전제하고 이야기를 시작했다.

선행하다 vs 먼저

Both mean 'first'.

'먼저' is an adverb used in daily life. '선행하다' is a formal verb used in structured contexts.

제가 먼저 갈게요.

선행하다 vs 앞당기다

Both involve moving things earlier.

'앞당기다' means to change a schedule to be earlier. '선행하다' describes a natural or required order.

회의 시간을 한 시간 앞당겼다.

선행하다 vs 선도하다

Both involve 'going first'.

'선도하다' means to lead or be at the front of a trend/market. '선행하다' simply means to occur before.

패션 트렌드를 선도하는 브랜드.

Satzmuster

N이/가 N보다 선행하다

이론이 실제보다 선행한다.

N에 N이/가 선행되다

계획에 조사가 선행되었다.

N을/를 위해 N이/가 선행되어야 한다

성공을 위해 노력이 선행되어야 한다.

N에 선행하여 V

발표에 선행하여 자료를 읽었다.

N이/가 N에 선행하는 필수 조건이다

신뢰가 협력에 선행하는 필수 조건이다.

N에 선행하는 N

결과에 선행하는 원인을 찾다.

N이/가 N에 선행한다는 명제

존재가 본질에 선행한다는 명제.

선행된 논의를 바탕으로

선행된 논의를 바탕으로 결론을 내리다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

선행 (先行): Precedence / Preceding

선행자 (先行者): Predecessor

선행 학습 (先行學習): Advance learning

선행 조건 (先行條件): Prerequisite

선행 연구 (先行硏究): Prior research

Verben

선행되다 (先行--): To be preceded

앞서다: To precede (native Korean equivalent)

Adjektive

선행하는 (先行--): Preceding

앞선: Advanced / Preceding

Verwandt

후행 (後行): Following / Succeeding

우선 (優先): Priority

미리: In advance

먼저: First

전제 (前提): Premise

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frequency

High in formal/academic/educational contexts; Low in casual daily speech.

Häufige Fehler

Using '선행하다' for 'I went first' in a casual race. → 내가 앞서 갔어.
'선행하다' is too formal for casual physical movement.
Confusing '선행' (precede) with '선행' (good deed). → Context-dependent.
Check if the sentence is about kindness or order.
Using the wrong particle: 'A를 선행하다'. → A가 B에 선행하다.
It usually takes '에' or '보다' for the object of comparison.
Saying '선행 학습 했어요' when you just previewed tomorrow's lesson. → 예습했어요.
'선행' implies studying much further ahead.
Using '선행하다' in a very casual '반말' setting. → 먼저 할게.
It sounds overly stiff and awkward with friends.

Tipps

Passive Power

Use '선행되어야 한다' instead of '선행해야 한다' when you want to sound more objective and formal in reports.

Hanja Help

Remember the root '선' (先) from '선생님' to always remember it means 'before' or 'first'.

Office Talk

In meetings, use '선행 작업' to refer to tasks that must be finished before the next phase can start.

Study Tip

Don't confuse '선행 학습' with '예습'. One is studying ahead; the other is preparing for tomorrow.

Social Nuance

Be aware that '선행 학습' is a sensitive topic in Korea related to academic stress.

Academic Style

Use '선행 연구' in the introduction of any formal essay to discuss what others have written before you.

News Watch

Listen for this word in economic news when they talk about '선행 지표' (leading indicators).

Formality Check

If you are speaking to a friend, stick to '먼저'. Save '선행하다' for your boss or professor.

Cause and Effect

Use this word to clarify that Cause A must happen before Effect B can be expected.

Clear 'H'

Make sure to pronounce both 'h' sounds in 'sun-haeng-ha-da' clearly to avoid sounding mumbled.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'SUN' (선) that rises 'HANG' (행) high in the sky BEFORE the day starts. Sun-Hang-Ha-Da = To happen before.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a line of people where the person at the very front is wearing a badge that says 'SUN'. He is the one who '선행' (goes first).

Word Web

선행 (Precedence) 선생님 (Teacher - born before) 선배 (Senior - joined before) 선수 (Athlete - one who goes first/expert) 선물 (Gift - given before/in front) 선조 (Ancestor - lived before) 선택 (Choice - made before action) 선포 (Proclamation - made before start)

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences about your career or studies using '선행되어야 한다' to describe what you need to do before you can reach your next big goal.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots '先' (선) and '行' (행). '先' means first, before, or ahead. '行' means to go, to act, or to perform. Together, they form the concept of 'going first' or 'happening before'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To walk ahead of others or to lead a path.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful not to sound too robotic when using this word in casual settings. Using it with friends might make you sound like you're reading a legal contract.

In English, we often use 'precede' in formal writing, but we might say 'come first' or 'be a prerequisite' in meetings. '선행하다' covers all these formal bases.

The existentialist phrase 'Existence precedes essence' (존재가 본질에 선행한다) is a famous philosophical reference in Korea. The 'Advance Learning Prohibition Act' (선행학습 금지법) is a well-known law in Korean education. Economic 'Leading Indicators' (선행 지표) are frequently discussed in Korean financial news.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Academic Writing

선행 연구에 따르면
이론적 배경이 선행되어야
선행하는 논의들
분석이 선행된 후

Project Management

선행 작업 확인
기초 공사가 선행되어야
일정이 선행하다
선행 조건 충족

Education

선행 학습
진도가 선행하다
기초가 선행되어야
선행 문제 풀이

Law and Policy

법적 검토 선행
합의가 선행되어야
선행 조건 조항
절차가 선행하다

Economics

선행 지표
경기가 선행하다
투자가 선행되다
시장 조사가 선행되어야

Gesprächseinstiege

"한국의 선행 학습 문화에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"새로운 프로젝트를 시작할 때 가장 먼저 선행되어야 할 일은 무엇인가요?"

"성공을 위해 노력이 선행되어야 할까요, 아니면 운이 선행되어야 할까요?"

"좋은 리더가 되기 위해 어떤 자질이 선행되어야 한다고 보십니까?"

"기술의 발전이 윤리적 논의에 선행하는 현상에 대해 어떻게 생각하시나요?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 하루 중 가장 중요하게 선행되어야 했던 일은 무엇이었나요?

내가 미래의 목표를 이루기 위해 지금 선행되어야 할 준비 과정을 적어보세요.

과거에 내가 했던 결정들 중, 어떤 행동이 지금의 결과를 선행했는지 분석해 보세요.

사회가 변하기 위해 개인의 인식 변화가 선행되어야 하는 이유에 대해 서술하세요.

공부나 일에서 '선행'하는 것의 장단점을 자신의 경험에 비추어 써보세요.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Technically you could, but it sounds extremely unnatural. In that case, use '제가 당신보다 먼저 가게에 갔어요' or '제가 앞서 갔어요'. '선행하다' is for processes, requirements, or formal sequences.

'예습' is preparing for the specific lesson you will have tomorrow. '선행 학습' is studying the curriculum of a future grade or semester. '선행' is usually a much larger jump in time than '예습'.

Mostly for time and logical order, but it can be used for physical order (like a scout going first) in very formal or literary descriptions.

Look at the subject. If the subject is a person doing something kind, it's 'good deed'. If the subject is a project, a study, or a condition, it's 'precede'. Also, 'good deed' is often used as '선행을 하다' (noun + verb).

In business and academic writing, '선행되어야 한다' (must be preceded) is extremely common because it emphasizes the requirement.

Yes, '선행했다' or '선행되었다' are common when describing historical sequences or completed prerequisites.

Yes! Using '선행하다' when discussing your work process or planning skills will make you sound very professional and organized.

It is a 'leading indicator' in economics. It's a statistic that changes before the economy as a whole starts to follow a particular pattern.

You would usually use '앞서다' for a race. '선행하다' would sound like you are a lead car in a parade or a formal procession.

There isn't a single direct opposite like '후행 연구', but you would just refer to '본 연구' (the current study) or '후속 연구' (follow-up research).

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